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stringlengths 7
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| premise
stringlengths 8
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| question
stringclasses 2
values | choice1
stringlengths 8
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| choice2
stringlengths 8
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| label
int64 0
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| conceptual_explanation
stringlengths 13
107
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
train-400
|
Their exchanges are against the contract.
|
effect
|
They circulate these counterfeit coins in the currency market.
|
The exchanges have no legal validity.
| 1
|
Contracts govern exchanges.
|
train-401
|
The girl was a transsexuals after the reassignment.
|
effect
|
She was originally a girl with a girl inside her soul.
|
She was originally a boy with a girl inside her soul.
| 1
|
Transsexuals say they undergo reassignment mainly to express their perceived inner identities.
|
train-402
|
Tom has a cyst on his neck.
|
effect
|
His throat and trachea are twisted.
|
The doctor asked Tom to do a pneumonectomy.
| 0
|
Cysts cause mass effects.
|
train-403
|
They choose many completely different careers.
|
cause
|
Students are thinking about their career development.
|
Students are thinking about their professional courses.
| 0
|
Careers involve classifications.
|
train-404
|
Rocks on the mountainside fell down and were heavily borken.
|
cause
|
A heavy avalanch happened yesterday.
|
It snowed heavily last night.
| 0
|
Avalanches break rocks as they fall down the mountainside.
|
train-405
|
Jim searched all the oldest domesticated plants.
|
effect
|
Jim saw the name of peppers.
|
His friend who lives in south- east Asia sent him some figs.
| 0
|
Peppers are one of the oldest domesticated plants.
|
train-406
|
He was terrified of being threatened.
|
effect
|
He stabbed the opponent in a hurry.
|
He called the police.
| 0
|
Fearings causes violence.
|
train-407
|
It is an invertebrate of uncertain phylogenetic relationship.
|
cause
|
Bugbear is tardigrade.
|
Aardvark always looks different from other sea creatures.
| 0
|
Tardigrades are a phylum of invertebrates of uncertain phylogenetic relationship.
|
train-408
|
The explorer says he has been to many places.
|
cause
|
Jack often goes on adventures to the glacier surface below icefalls.
|
Tom asked an explorer where he had been.
| 1
|
Expedition covers large areas.
|
train-409
|
All the young employees with particular experiences don't get a chance for interview.
|
cause
|
Human beings and the chimpanzee were proved to have the similar genetic code.
|
A company is going to hire 10 young employees without any particular experiences.
| 1
|
Unemployment is concentrated in groups of young people with particular experiences.
|
train-410
|
He is studying enology.
|
effect
|
He is very good at piano, accordion and violin.
|
He can make wine for us after his learning.
| 1
|
Enology is the study of winemaking.
|
train-411
|
The bloodstreams of Tom is abnormal.
|
effect
|
Tom may have liver disease.
|
His platelet functions were affected.
| 0
|
Bloodstreams affect livers.
|
train-412
|
This warehouse is stocked with a large amount of sulfur.
|
effect
|
A fire destories the warehouse and many people are poisoned.
|
Many workers are toxicated.
| 0
|
Sulphur contains poison.
|
train-413
|
He obeyed his instructions.
|
cause
|
He listened his instructions carefully.
|
The mentor saw his student's prudence during the practice session.
| 0
|
Obedience is the ability to hear.
|
train-414
|
I don't know the meaning of this word.
|
effect
|
It needs a lot of people to explore it.
|
I looked it up in the dictionary.
| 1
|
A dictionary explains meanings of words.
|
train-415
|
The musician has a profound knowledge in music.
|
effect
|
He was a musical expert.
|
He helped many students changed their sounds.
| 1
|
Musicians help sound.
|
train-416
|
He declared to the government for the construction of the park next year.
|
effect
|
He received an appropriation from the government.
|
The department accepts his proposal.
| 0
|
Appropriations is the annual process of funding specific programs.
|
train-417
|
I will never forget these times of joy.
|
cause
|
Many activities were held recently.
|
These Fiestas are unforgettable to me.
| 1
|
Fiestas are times of joy.
|
train-418
|
Mike suffered from sepsis.
|
effect
|
Doctors examined him and found an increase in the oxidative damage of proteins in his skeletal muscles.
|
The synthesis processes were prevented in his body.
| 0
|
Sepsis increases oxidatively damaged proteins in skeletal muscle.
|
train-419
|
My experiments result were more reliable.
|
cause
|
The instructor added more constraints to my experiment.
|
The instructor added more variables to my experiment.
| 0
|
Constraints influence results.
|
train-420
|
For some time, hunters in Texas hunted coyotes.
|
effect
|
They got resistance.
|
Today, coyotes are not often seen.
| 1
|
Coyotes are an endangered species in texas.
|
train-421
|
He loves these seamounts with flat tops.
|
cause
|
Tom loves snow mountains.
|
Tom loves Guyots.
| 1
|
Guyots are seamounts with flat tops.
|
train-422
|
Our teacher played a movie about telekinesis for us.
|
effect
|
The audience were surprised at it great dimension.
|
He related it to physical reality when speaking to us.
| 1
|
Telekinesis is part of physical reality.
|
train-423
|
The primitive tribe lived by hunting.
|
effect
|
Their prey is deer, rabbits, antelope and so on.
|
The large antlers are their powerful weapon.
| 0
|
Tribes hunt deer.
|
train-424
|
The doctor was sure that Tom was still alive.
|
cause
|
The doctor gave Tom a rapid intravenous injection of the medicine.
|
Tom was crashed by a car and he still kept breathing.
| 1
|
Breathing is synonymous with being alive.
|
train-425
|
Equipment needed maintenance.
|
effect
|
The manager called the farmer.
|
The manager called the plumber.
| 1
|
Plumbers provide maintenance.
|
train-426
|
It's very cold in winter.
|
effect
|
Jack bought a pair of mittens.
|
The minister instructed villagers to stay in a secure shelter.
| 0
|
Mittens are warmer then gloves because fingers share warmth when they touch each other.
|
train-427
|
The doctor injected him with angiotensin.
|
cause
|
Tom's skin has been itchy lately.
|
Jack's blood pressure is unstable.
| 1
|
Angiotensin narrows blood vessels helping maintain blood pressure.
|
train-428
|
The duckling grew up with the time passing.
|
cause
|
Tom has picked up aduckling when he was walking in the forest.
|
There are regular shows of traditional mucic.
| 0
|
Ducklings turn into ducks.
|
train-429
|
This restaurant will open soon.
|
effect
|
It requires materials resisting very high temperature.
|
The boss took use of hardware to hide the plsque.
| 1
|
Frames cover with hardware cloth.
|
train-430
|
It is horrible that he has to deal with blood everyday.
|
cause
|
His is diagnosed with lukemia.
|
His major is hematology.
| 1
|
Hematology is the study of blood.
|
train-431
|
Apparent abundances were observed in this tissue.
|
effect
|
Yield advantage was shown.
|
The tissue was damaged.
| 1
|
Abundances damage tissue.
|
train-432
|
He said that this kind of cloth has high practical value.
|
cause
|
The expert took a look at the index of the cloth.
|
Tom collected a lot silk-like coccons.
| 0
|
Indexes reflect values.
|
train-433
|
He found there was something special with the lionfish.
|
cause
|
Tom was swimming in the sea.
|
Tom bought some lionfish.
| 1
|
Lionfish have cycloid scales.
|
train-434
|
Tom could not figure out the details of the new policy.
|
effect
|
He found another layer inside.
|
His boss asked him to reread the documents.
| 1
|
Documents contain necessary instruction.
|
train-435
|
Sue uses triangles to represent the component of protons.
|
effect
|
She looks up the location in a map.
|
The trianles represent quarks.
| 1
|
Protons are made of quarks.
|
train-436
|
Some young children sit on the seats.
|
cause
|
There are some seats in the park.
|
Hearings are often held here.
| 0
|
Seats are used by young children.
|
train-437
|
This boy lost his parents in the earthquake.
|
effect
|
He asked the doctor to gave him some depressants.
|
This boy became an orphan.
| 1
|
Orphans are children who have no parents.
|
train-438
|
He harvested a lot of coconuts.
|
cause
|
Tom has buried the coconut in the soil.
|
Tom has caltivated a lot of plants.
| 0
|
Coconuts are the way palm trees reproduce it is the seed.
|
train-439
|
Tom studied the components of runoff.
|
effect
|
He found that there sre compounds.
|
He found that reactions involved in initial breakdown of energy-rich nutrients occured in it.
| 0
|
Runoff contains compounds.
|
train-440
|
We gained particular immunity.
|
cause
|
We are immnunzied to the virus.
|
Our country signed the unequal treaties.
| 0
|
Immunization provides immunity.
|
train-441
|
The mushroom belongs to Toadstools.
|
effect
|
It can get nourishment.
|
It is about half a centimeter tall.
| 0
|
Toadstools get nourishment.
|
train-442
|
They all believe in christianity.
|
cause
|
These people come from different countries and they have different beliefs.
|
There are many people in the quaker.
| 1
|
Quakers are christians.
|
train-443
|
His arm was corroded and festered due to misoperation.
|
cause
|
James made a mistake in tin welding.
|
The cerebral cortex of his brain was damaged.
| 0
|
Tin is caustic to the skin.
|
train-444
|
A heavy wind happened just now.
|
effect
|
The snowfall is coming.
|
Laterly the residents felt the falling of drizzle.
| 0
|
Snowfall is accompanied by wind.
|
train-445
|
Tom needs to diliver letters.
|
cause
|
Tom is a messenger.
|
Tom is looking for basils.
| 0
|
Messengers complete missions.
|
train-446
|
There are many spots as the wounds of the leaves.
|
cause
|
They fell down into the creek.
|
There are frequent strong winds in this forest of trees with spines.
| 1
|
Spots are caused by wounding of spines from nearby leaves during high winds.
|
train-447
|
The boy was poisoned.
|
cause
|
The space is dominated by radiation.
|
The witch fed the boy with toadstools.
| 1
|
Toadstools are poisonous.
|
train-448
|
I was interested in the geometric figures such as triangles.
|
effect
|
I learned geometry to study their properties.
|
The homeowner gave them to me.
| 0
|
Geometry studies the properties of geometric figures such as triangles squares cubes etc.
|
train-449
|
This company was sliding towards bankruptcy.
|
effect
|
These particulats caused him lung disease.
|
Technical innovation is in urgent need.
| 1
|
Innovation saves life.
|
train-450
|
They caught some food as their dinner.
|
cause
|
The thief sneaked into the house on a dark night.
|
These bunnies were hungry.
| 1
|
Bunnies catch dinner.
|
train-451
|
He finally chose the terbium.
|
cause
|
The scientist was choosing a kind of soft metal which cab be used to be made into other shapes.
|
Tom has picked up a gemstone on his way home.
| 0
|
Terbium is a soft malleable ductile silver-gray metal.
|
train-452
|
The production of fruit has increased greatly.
|
cause
|
The farmer used cloches when growing plants.
|
The government has increased the availability of uncultivated land.
| 1
|
Availability influences fruit production.
|
train-453
|
She recently suffered a skin disease.
|
cause
|
Mary is getting older and older.
|
Lucy was always weak because of her low immunity.
| 1
|
Autoantibodies are present in connective tissue diseases.
|
train-454
|
He bought a cassowary.
|
effect
|
He got six toes from it.
|
He found many words with the same initial constant sounds before composing.
| 0
|
Cassowaries have three toes on each foot.
|
train-455
|
It gradually spreads all over the canvas.
|
cause
|
There is a drop of water on the canvas.
|
There is a gray area on the canvas.
| 1
|
Greys grow to a large size.
|
train-456
|
Scientists wants to measure the illuminance of the sun.
|
effect
|
They got the exact value of illuminance.
|
They firstly measured the covering area of the sun.
| 1
|
Illuminance is a measure of photometric flux per unit area.
|
train-457
|
Brandi's mother suggested that Brandi take her children to get vaccinated.
|
cause
|
With the change of diet concept, people pay more and more attention to the content of sugar in drinks.
|
Brandi recently had a baby.
| 1
|
Vaccines can prevent many diseases.
|
train-458
|
Tom put the gadolinium in water.
|
effect
|
Gadolinium reacts quickly with water.
|
Gadolinium reacts slowly with water.
| 1
|
Gadolinium reacts slowly with water.
|
train-459
|
She is taking a course of syntax.
|
cause
|
Lila is a linguistic student and loves grammer.
|
Kim learned Phrenology.
| 0
|
Syntax refers to the grammar of a language.
|
train-460
|
The amoeba population is increasing rapidly.
|
cause
|
John had an affair.
|
Jack puts the amoeba in a good environment.
| 1
|
Plovers have yellowish faces.
|
train-461
|
Cranberries in the farm are in the growing season.
|
effect
|
The farmer need to prepare up to one inch of water per week.
|
The farmer has used some pesticide to drive away them to avoid damaging the field.
| 0
|
Cranberries require up to one inch of water per week during the growing season.
|
train-462
|
In 1859, British naturalist Charles Darwin's "Origin of Species" was published.
|
effect
|
He then concluded the definition of biota.
|
It established the materialist viewpoint of biological evolution and promoted the rapid development of biology.
| 1
|
Biology goes through developmental stages.
|
train-463
|
Jerry is interested in the study on antimatter.
|
effect
|
He is sad to find that extremely small quantities of antimatter exist on earth.
|
His teacher told him it was because earth rotates.
| 0
|
Antimatter exists naturally on Earth although in extremely small quantities.
|
train-464
|
It kinetic energy increased.
|
cause
|
The earth is bearing more and more plants.
|
Mass of the object increased with other variables unchanged.
| 1
|
Mass increases kinetic energy.
|
train-465
|
With the increase of pressure inside it the bubble grew bigger and bigger.
|
effect
|
The pressure was so high that the bubble burst finally.
|
People inside faced great inconvenience.
| 0
|
Bubbles have pressure.
|
train-466
|
They fly at once.
|
cause
|
There are orcas in the zoo.
|
The fragrance of flowers in the distance attracts bowerbirds.
| 1
|
Bowerbirds spread wings.
|
train-467
|
She went to the foster gamily to see them.
|
cause
|
She missed her sisters.
|
She missed her brothers.
| 0
|
Sisters live in foster homes.
|
train-468
|
I have lived in this hot city for days.
|
effect
|
I had acclimation to the heat.
|
There is no pollen.
| 0
|
Acclimation begins within a few days of exposure to the heat.
|
train-469
|
She got delicious cookies.
|
cause
|
Alice put the raw embryo in the oven.
|
Linda bought some daylilies seeds and sowed them in the garden.
| 0
|
Cookies come out of ovens.
|
train-470
|
He called the supplier and then got it repaired.
|
cause
|
The computers bought by the merchant were damaged in transit.
|
The airplane lacks parachutes.
| 0
|
Merchants require maintenance.
|
train-471
|
The villagers wants to move the mountain through explosion.
|
effect
|
They have introduced waxes from China.
|
They failed.
| 1
|
Mountains have deep roots under the surface of the ground.
|
train-472
|
Jack's father bought some stonefishs in Singapore and brought them to Harbin.
|
effect
|
The stonefishs died quickly.
|
He bought some psyllium.
| 0
|
Stonefishs live in tropical water.
|
train-473
|
I pull over in the glades.
|
cause
|
We went on a trip to the woods.
|
We went on a trip to the beach.
| 0
|
Glades occur as small openings within the woods.
|
train-474
|
They measured the biological activity in the body.
|
cause
|
Researchers wanted to know the blood pressure of this mouse.
|
Researchers wanted to know the potency of this mouse.
| 1
|
Potency is a measure of biological activity in the body.
|
train-475
|
The biologists modified the structural genes of the bacteria.
|
effect
|
The orientation of the bacteria changed, too.
|
The scientific community says the effects are indescribable.
| 0
|
Orientation refers to the directionality of the structural gene.
|
train-476
|
Beryllium is the material usually chosen to produce the heat absorption device of rocket engine.
|
cause
|
The heat absorption device of rocket engine needs stable metals with excellent properties such as high melting point.
|
The heat absorption device of rocket engine needs some liquid metal materials.
| 0
|
Beryllium is the only stable light metal with a relatively high melting point.
|
train-477
|
The farmers should consider enriching the varaity.
|
cause
|
The farmers were encouraged to develop livestock industry.
|
Livestock needs no development.
| 0
|
Variety is the key when feeding meats from livestock.
|
train-478
|
Acanthocephalans are not androgynous.
|
cause
|
Dioecious creatures are not androgynous.
|
Meiosis occurrs in different creatures.
| 0
|
Acanthocephalans are dioecious.
|
train-479
|
He punctured the vesicle.
|
effect
|
He experienced suicide.
|
The toxins flowed out.
| 1
|
Vesicles fill with toxins.
|
train-480
|
There are many Alternatives for Tom.
|
effect
|
His pursuits became easier for him.
|
He ceases to have various aging diseases.
| 0
|
Alternatives facilitate pursuits.
|
train-481
|
He has been lying on the bed for a month.
|
effect
|
He is very faint and even has problems in eating now.
|
He died of lung cancer.
| 0
|
Lying cause problems.
|
train-482
|
He looks for the kettle everywhere.
|
cause
|
Tom wants to drink water.
|
Lemurs are endangered.
| 0
|
Kettles fill with water.
|
train-483
|
The dog kept scratching at him.
|
effect
|
There is a scar on Tom's face.
|
The dog only scratched his shirt and didn't hurt him.
| 1
|
Shirts provide protection.
|
train-484
|
Her mother is aging slowly.
|
cause
|
Her mother often eats blueberries.
|
My mom is a servant.
| 0
|
Blueberries appear to retard the aging process because of their antioxidant properties.
|
train-485
|
Betty sees many gray feathers.
|
cause
|
Betty is visiting the giant panda.
|
Betty is visiting an exhibition of bird plumages.
| 1
|
Plumages include grey feathers.
|
train-486
|
There are many hardwoods in this garden.
|
effect
|
This garden is full of fallen leaves each fall.
|
They are popular.
| 0
|
Hardwoods are deciduous meaning they lose their leaves each fall.
|
train-487
|
The wheather becomes warm.
|
effect
|
The feather of birds becomes thinner.
|
The fertility became lower.
| 0
|
Fowl adapts to climates.
|
train-488
|
His mom blamed me for disturbing his learning.
|
cause
|
I always woke the neonate up.
|
A nipper grew up.
| 0
|
Neonates learn at sleep.
|
train-489
|
I entered the church nearby.
|
cause
|
I wanna charge my phone.
|
I wanna fix my phone.
| 0
|
Churches have electricity.
|
train-490
|
The sentence didn't make sense.
|
cause
|
Tom described a verb with an adjective.
|
Tom described a verb with a preposition.
| 0
|
Adjectives describe only nouns.
|
train-491
|
Tom is fond of carbonate.
|
effect
|
He purchases top-quality wood.
|
He bought a soda.
| 1
|
Soda contains carbon dioxide.
|
train-492
|
He raises a lot of lambs.
|
cause
|
Tom has a rash.
|
Tom opened a sweater factory.
| 1
|
Lambs produce wool.
|
train-493
|
Tom doesn't understand what the greenhouse effect means on TV.
|
effect
|
His mother explained to him patiently using the picture book at home.
|
He didn't believe what happened in the reality.
| 0
|
Explanations describe greenhouse effects.
|
train-494
|
She doesn't get any job opportunities.
|
cause
|
Mary is very old now.
|
Jane is a painter.
| 1
|
Painters experience unemployment.
|
train-495
|
We witnessed his technique of psychometry before.
|
cause
|
The psychic criminology expert was our police's old partner.
|
He wiped those nourishment on the tissue.
| 0
|
Psychometry is the main technique used in psychic criminology.
|
train-496
|
He saw that areas were covered by basins.
|
cause
|
The man looked at the areas.
|
Tom worked as a jailer in a jail.
| 0
|
Basins cover areas.
|
train-497
|
Tom only wanted female Limpets.
|
effect
|
He went to the shop of footwear.
|
He had to select from many limpets he caught.
| 1
|
Limpets have separate sexes.
|
train-498
|
He wanted to transfer his property after his death.
|
effect
|
He wrote his will.
|
His company gave him a hand.
| 0
|
Wills are the documents used to transfer property after death.
|
train-499
|
Tom put a male sea urchin and a female sea urchin in the fish tank.
|
effect
|
Tom washed the fish tank.
|
They had a urine baby.
| 1
|
Urchins reach sexual maturity.
|
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