w601sxs/b1ade-embed-distilled-from-gte-large-en-v1.5

SentenceTransformer based on w601sxs/b1ade-embed

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from w601sxs/b1ade-embed on the sentence-transformers/wikipedia-en-sentences dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: w601sxs/b1ade-embed
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 1024 tokens
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
• Training Dataset:
  • sentence-transformers/wikipedia-en-sentences
• Language: en

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("w601sxs/b1ade-embed-distilled-from-gte-large-en-v1.5")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'A man is walking',
    'The man is going for a walk.',
    'The station opened on 1 December 1896.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Semantic Similarity

• Dataset: sts-dev
• Evaluated with EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator

Metric	Value
pearson_cosine	0.6738
spearman_cosine	0.7347
pearson_manhattan	0.7006
spearman_manhattan	0.7089
pearson_euclidean	0.7017
spearman_euclidean	0.7102
pearson_dot	0.7336
spearman_dot	0.751
pearson_max	0.7336
spearman_max	0.751

Knowledge Distillation

• Evaluated with MSEEvaluator

Metric	Value
negative_mse	-21.5451

Semantic Similarity

• Dataset: sts-test
• Evaluated with EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator

Metric	Value
pearson_cosine	0.6772
spearman_cosine	0.7311
pearson_manhattan	0.7077
spearman_manhattan	0.7121
pearson_euclidean	0.7071
spearman_euclidean	0.7115
pearson_dot	0.7026
spearman_dot	0.6949
pearson_max	0.7077
spearman_max	0.7311

Training Details

Training Dataset

sentence-transformers/wikipedia-en-sentences

• Dataset: sentence-transformers/wikipedia-en-sentences at 4a0972d
• Size: 200,000 training samples
• Columns: sentence and label
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	sentence	label
  type	string	list
  details	min: 4 tokens mean: 12.24 tokens max: 52 tokens	size: 1024 elements

• Samples:

  sentence	label
  A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane.	[-0.5300068259239197, 0.07807248830795288, 0.304331511259079, 0.3473575711250305, 0.3993019461631775, ...]
  Children smiling and waving at camera	[-0.3918086886405945, 0.514893114566803, 0.38178062438964844, -0.29475438594818115, -0.07984668761491776, ...]
  A boy is jumping on skateboard in the middle of a red bridge.	[-0.7029106020927429, 0.08336036652326584, 0.7830113768577576, -0.7898964285850525, 0.27573251724243164, ...]

• Loss: MSELoss

Evaluation Dataset

sentence-transformers/wikipedia-en-sentences

• Dataset: sentence-transformers/wikipedia-en-sentences at 4a0972d
• Size: 10,000 evaluation samples
• Columns: sentence and label
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	sentence	label
  type	string	list
  details	min: 5 tokens mean: 13.23 tokens max: 57 tokens	size: 1024 elements

• Samples:

  sentence	label
  Two women are embracing while holding to go packages.	[-0.5707114338874817, -0.5041555762290955, -1.3100334405899048, 0.5848354697227478, -0.3452240526676178, ...]
  Two young children in blue jerseys, one with the number 9 and one with the number 2 are standing on wooden steps in a bathroom and washing their hands in a sink.	[-0.4810343384742737, 0.034435614943504333, -0.669406533241272, -0.16233624517917633, 0.5214978456497192, ...]
  A man selling donuts to a customer during a world exhibition event held in the city of Angeles	[-0.2572114169597626, 0.19592943787574768, -0.6243088841438293, -0.4749126136302948, -0.6737443804740906, ...]

• Loss: MSELoss

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 64
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 64
• learning_rate: 0.0001
• num_train_epochs: 1
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• fp16: True
• load_best_model_at_end: True

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 64
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 64
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• learning_rate: 0.0001
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1.0
• num_train_epochs: 1
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: True
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: False
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• dispatch_batches: None
• split_batches: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	loss	negative_mse	sts-dev_spearman_cosine	sts-test_spearman_cosine
0.1279	100	0.4302	-	-	-	-
0.2558	200	0.2398	-	-	-	-
0.3836	300	0.1918	-	-	-	-
0.5115	400	0.1683	-	-	-	-
0.6394	500	0.1539	0.2155	-21.5451	0.7347	-
0.7673	600	0.1456	-	-	-	-
0.8951	700	0.1393	-	-	-	-
1.0	782	-	-	-	-	0.7311

• The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.10.6
• Sentence Transformers: 3.0.0
• Transformers: 4.41.1
• PyTorch: 2.3.0+cu121
• Accelerate: 0.30.1
• Datasets: 2.19.1
• Tokenizers: 0.19.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MSELoss

@inproceedings{reimers-2020-multilingual-sentence-bert,
    title = "Making Monolingual Sentence Embeddings Multilingual using Knowledge Distillation",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2020",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09813",
}