text:
# The Chen-Ruan Cohomology of Weighted Projective Spaces

## 1. Introduction

The notion of Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology has appeared in physics as a result of studying the string theory on global quotient orbifold, (see  and ). In addition to the usual cohomology of the global quotient, this space included the cohomology of so-called twisted sectors. Zaslow  gave a lot of examples of global quotients and computed their orbifold cohomology spaces. But the real mathematical definition of orbifold cohomology was given by Chen and Ruan  for arbitrary orbifolds. The most interesting feature of this new cohomology theory, besides the generalization of non global quotients, is the existence of a ring structure which was previously missing. This ring structure is obtained from Chen-Ruan’s orbifold quantum cohomology construction (see ) by restricting to the class called ghost maps, the same as the ordinary cup product may be obtained by quantum cup product. Since the Chen-Ruan cohomology appeared, the problem of how to calculate the orbifold cohomology has been considered by several authors. Chen and Ruan  gave several simple examples. Chen Hao  computed the orbifold cohomology group of moduli space $``$0,n$`/S_n`$. B.Doug Park and Mainak Poddar  considered the Chen-Ruan cohomology ring of the mirror quintic. All the above examples are orbifold global quotients. In this paper we calculate the Chen-Ruan cohomology rings of weighted projective spaces-a large class of non-global quotient orbifolds.

A very power tool to compute the Chen-Ruan cohomology of weighted projective spaces is the method of toric varieties. The theory of toric varieties establishes a classical connection between algebraic geometry and the theory of convex polytopes. From the fan of a toric variety, we can obtain a lot of information about the toric variety. In particular, when the fan $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ of a toric variety $`X`$ is simplicial, the toric variety $`X`$ is an orbifold with finite abelian groups as local groups. In this paper, we take the weighted projective spaces as simplicial toric varieties with local isotropy groups the finite cyclic groups. And then using the properties of toric varieties induced from the fans, we calculate the Chen-Ruan cohomology group of any weighted projective space.

To calculate the Chen-Ruan cohomology ring of the weighted projective space, we use the Riemann bilinear relations for periods  to identify the obstruction bundle. Up to now, except that the obstruction bundle for the mirror quintic example calculated by Park and Poddar  is a nontrivial line bundle, all the other calculated obstruction bundles of the examples are trivial. In this paper, the obstruction bundle we consider is the Whitney sum of some line bundles, generalizing the case of mirror quintic example. And we also introduce the localization techniques  which should work for toric varieties to compute the 3-point function which is the key in the orbifold cup product . In particular, we give a concrete example.

On the other hand, a very interesting aspect of calculating the Chen-Ruan cohomology rings of weighted projective spaces lies in a conjecture of Ruan. In string theory, physicists suggest that the orbifold string theory of an orbifold should be equivalent to the ordinary string theory of its crepant resolution. For the orbifold cohomology, the Cohomology Hyperkahler Resolution Conjecture of Ruan (see ) states that the Chen-Ruan cohomology ring of an orbifold should be isomorphic to the ordinary cohomology ring of its hyperkahler resolution. I hope that my calculation of the Chen-Ruan cohomology ring of the weighted projective space may contribute to this interesting problem.

The thesis is outlined as follows. Section 2 is a review of some basic facts concerning orbifold, Chen-Ruan cohomology and simplicial toric varieties. In section 3 we introduced the basic concept of the weighted projective space. In section 4 we discuss the Chen-Ruan cohomology group of any weighted projective space. And in the section 5 we compute the ring structure of the Chen-Ruan cohomology of the weighted projective space.

## 2. Preliminaries

### 2.1. Orbifold and orbifold vector bundle.

###### Definition 2.1.1.

An orbifold structure on a Hausdorff, separate topological space $`X`$ is given by an open cover $`𝒰`$ of $`X`$ satisfying the following conditions.

(1) Each element $`U`$ in $`𝒰`$ is uniformized, say by $`(V,G,\pi )`$. Namely, $`V`$ is a smooth manifold and $`G`$ is a finite group acting smoothly on $`V`$ such that $`U=V/G`$ with $`\pi `$ as the quotient map. Let $`Ker(G)`$ be the subgroup of $`G`$ acting trivially on $`V`$.

(2) For $`U^{^{}}U`$, there is a collection of injections $`(V^{^{}},G^{^{}},\pi ^{^{}})(V,G,\pi )`$. Namely, the inclusion $`i:U^{^{}}U`$ can be lifted to maps $`\stackrel{~}{i}:V^{^{}}V`$ and an injective homomorphism $`i_{}:G^{^{}}G`$ such that $`i_{}`$ is an isomorphism from $`Ker(G^{^{}})`$ to $`Ker(G)`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{i}`$ is $`i_{}`$-equivariant.

(3) For any point $`xU_1U_2`$, $`U_1,U_2𝒰`$, there is a $`U_3𝒰`$ such that $`xU_3U_1U_2`$.

For any point $`xX`$, suppose that $`(V,G,\pi )`$ is a uniformizing neighborhood and $`\overline{x}\pi ^1(x)`$. Let $`G_x`$ be the stabilizer of $`G`$ at $`\overline{x}`$. Up to conjugation, it is independent of the choice of $`\overline{x}`$ and is called the $`localgroup`$ of $`x`$. Then there exists a sufficiently small neighborhood $`V_x`$ of $`\overline{x}`$ such that $`(V_x,G_x,\pi _x)`$ uniformizes a small neighborhood of $`x`$, where $`\pi _x`$ is the restriction $`\pi V_x`$. $`(V_x,G_x,\pi _x)`$ is called $`a`$ $`local`$ $`chart`$ at $`x`$. The orbifold structure is called $`reduced`$ if the action of $`G_x`$ is effective for every $`x`$.

Let $`pr:EX`$ be a rank $`k`$ complex $`orbifoldbundle`$ over an orbifold $`X`$(). Then a uniformizing system for $`EU=pr^1(U)`$ over a uniformized subset $`U`$ of $`X`$ consists of the following data:

(1) A uniformizing system $`(V,G,\pi )`$ of $`U`$.

(2) A uniformizing system $`(V\times 𝐂^𝐤,`$ $`G,\stackrel{~}{\pi })`$ for $`EU`$. The action of $`G`$ on $`V\times 𝐂^k`$ is an extension of the action of $`G`$ on $`V`$ given by $`g(x,v)=(gx,\rho (x,g)v)`$ where $`\rho :V\times GAut(𝐂^k)`$ is a smooth map satisfying:

$$\rho (gx,h)\rho (x,g)=\rho (x,hg),g,hG,xV.$$

(3)The natural projection map $`\stackrel{~}{pr}:V\times 𝐂^𝐤𝐕`$ satisfies $`\pi \stackrel{~}{pr}=pr\stackrel{~}{\pi }`$.

By an orbifold connection $``$ on $`E`$ we mean an equivariant connection that satisfies $`=g^1g`$ for every uniformizing system of $`E`$. Such a connection can be always obtained by averaging an equivariant partition of unity.

### 2.2. Twisted Sectors and Chen-Ruan Cohomology.

The most physical idea is twisted sectors. Let $`X`$ be an orbifold. Consider the set of pairs:

$$\stackrel{~}{X}_k=\{(p,(\text{g})_{G_p})|pX,\text{g}=(g_1,\mathrm{},g_k),g_iG_p\}$$

where $`(\text{g})_{G_p}`$ is the conjugacy class of $`k`$-tuple $`\text{g}=(g_1,\mathrm{},g_k)`$ in $`G_p`$. We use $`G^k`$ to denote the set of $`k`$-tuples. If there is no confusion, we will omit the subscript $`G_p`$ to simplify the notation. Suppose that $`X`$ has an orbifold structure $`𝒰`$ with uniformizing systems $`(\stackrel{~}{U},G_U,\pi _U)`$. From Chen and Ruan , also see , we have: $`\stackrel{~}{X}_k`$ is naturally an orbifold, with the generalized orbifold structure at $`(p,(\text{g})_{G_p})`$ given by $`(V_p^𝐠,C(\text{g}),\pi :V_p^𝐠V_p^𝐠/C(\text{g}))`$, where $`V_p^𝐠=V_p^{g_1}\mathrm{}V_p^{g_k}`$, $`C(\text{g})=C(g_1)\mathrm{}C(g_k)`$. Here $`\text{g}=(g_1,\mathrm{},g_k)`$, $`V_p^g`$ stands for the fixed point set of $`g`$ in $`V_p`$. When $`X`$ is almost complex, $`\stackrel{~}{X_k}`$ inherits an almost complex structure from $`X`$, and when $`X`$ is closed, $`\stackrel{~}{X_k}`$ is finite disjoint union of closed orbifolds.

Now we describe the the connected components of $`\stackrel{~}{X_k}`$, Recall that every point $`p`$ has a local chart $`(V_p,G_p,\pi _p)`$ which gives a local uniformized neighborhood $`U_p=\pi _p(V_p)`$. If $`qU_p`$, up to conjugation there is a unique injective homomorphism $`i_{}:G_qG_p`$. For $`\text{g}(G_q)^k`$, the conjugation class $`i_{}(\text{g})_q`$ is well defined. We define an equivalence relation $`i_{}(\text{g})_q(\text{g})_q`$. Let $`T_k`$ denote the set of equivalence classes.To abuse the notation, we use $`(\text{g})`$ to denote the equivalence class which $`(\text{g})_q`$ belongs to. We will usually denote an element of $`T_1`$ by $`(g)`$. It is clear that $`\stackrel{~}{X_k}`$ can be decomposed as a disjoint union of connected components:

$$\stackrel{~}{X_k}=\underset{(𝐠)T_k}{}X_{(𝐠)}$$

Where $`X_{(𝐠)}=\{(p,(\text{g}^{^{}})_p)|\text{g}^{^{}}(G_p)^k,(\text{g}^{^{}})_p(\text{g})\}`$. Note that for $`𝐠=(1,\mathrm{},1)`$, we have $`X_{(𝐠)}=X`$. A component $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ is called a $`kmultisector`$, if $`𝐠`$ is not the identity. A component of $`X_{(g)}`$ is simply called a $`twisted`$ $`sector`$. If $`X`$ has an almost complex, complex or kahler structure, then $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ has the analogous structure induced from $`X`$. We define

$$T_3^0=\left\{(𝐠)=(g_1,g_2,g_3)T_3\right|g_1g_2g_3=1\}.$$

Note that there is an one to one correspondence between $`T_2`$ and $`T_3^0`$ given by $`(g_1,g_2)(g_1,g_2,(g_1g_2)^1)`$.

Now we define the Chen-Ruan cohomology. Assume that $`X`$ is a $`n`$-dimensional compact almost complex orbifold with almost structure $`J`$. Then for a point $`p`$ with nontrivial group $`G_p`$, $`J`$ gives rise to an effective representation $`\rho _p:G_pGL(n,𝐂)`$. For any $`gG_p`$, we write $`\rho _p(g)`$, up to conjugation, as a diagonal matrix

$$diag(e^{2\pi i\frac{m_{1,g}}{m_g}},\mathrm{},e^{2\pi i\frac{m_{n,g}}{m_g}}).$$

where $`m_g`$ is the order of $`g`$ in $`G_p`$, and $`0m_{i,g}<m_g`$. Define a function $`\iota :\stackrel{~}{X_1}𝐐`$ by

$$\iota (p,(g)_p)=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}\frac{m_{i,g}}{m_g}.$$

We can see that the function $`\iota :\stackrel{~}{X_1}𝐐`$ is locally constant and $`\iota =0`$ if $`g=1`$. Denote its value on $`X_{(g)}`$ by $`\iota _g`$. We call $`\iota _g`$ the degree shifting number of $`X_{(g)}`$. It has the following properties:

(1) $`\iota _{(g)}`$ is an integer iff $`\rho _p(g)SL(n,𝐂)`$;

(2) $`\iota _{(g)}+\iota _{(g^1)}=rank(\rho _p(g)Id)=ndim_𝐂X_{(g)}`$.

A $`C^{\mathrm{}}`$ differential form on $`X`$ is a $`G`$-invariant differential form on $`V`$ for each uniformizing system $`(V,G,\pi )`$. Then orbifold integration is defined as follows. Suppose $`U=V/G`$ is connected, for any compactly supported differential $`n`$-form $`\omega `$ on $`U`$, which is, by definition, a $`G`$-invariant $`n`$-form $`\stackrel{~}{\omega }`$ on $`V`$,

$`(2.1)`$
$$_U^{orb}\omega :=\frac{1}{|G|}_V\stackrel{~}{\omega }$$

Where $`|G|`$ is the order of $`G`$. The orbifold integration over $`X`$ is defined by using a $`C^{\mathrm{}}`$ partition of unity. The orbifold integration coincides with the usual measure theoretic integration iff the orbifold structure is reduced.

Holomorphic forms for a complex orbifold $`X`$ are again obtained by patching $`G`$-invariant holomorphic forms on the uniformizing system $`(V,G,\pi )`$. We consider the Cech cohomology groups of $`X`$ and $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ with coefficients in the sheaves of holomorphic forms. The Cech cohomology groups can be identified with the Dolbeault cohomology groups of $`(p,q)`$-forms .

###### Definition 2.2.1.

() Let $`X`$ be a closed complex orbifold, we define the orbifold cohomology group of $`X`$ by

$$H_{orb}^d:=\underset{(g)T_1}{}H^{d2\iota _{(g)}}(X_{(g)},𝐐)$$

For $`0p,qdim_𝐂X`$, we define the orbifold Dolbeault cohomology group of $`X`$ by

$$H_{orb}^{p,q}(X):=\underset{(g)T_1}{}H^{p\iota _{(g)},q\iota _{(g)}}(X_{(g)},𝐂)$$

### 2.3. The Obstruction Bundle.

Choose $`(𝐠)`$$`=(g_1,g_2,g_3)T_3^0`$. Let $`(p,(𝐠)_p)`$ be a generic point in $`X_{(𝐠)}`$. Let $`K(𝐠)`$ be the subgroup of $`G_p`$ generated by $`g_1`$ and $`g_2`$. Consider an orbifold Riemann sphere with three orbifold points $`(S^2,(p_1,p_2,p_3),(k_1,k_2,`$ $`k_3))`$. When there is no confusion, we will simply denote it by $`S^2`$. The orbifold fundamental group is:

$$\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)=\{\lambda _1,\lambda _2,\lambda _3|\lambda _i^{k_i}=1,\lambda _1\lambda _2\lambda _3=1\}$$

Where $`\lambda _i`$ is represented by a loop around the marked $`p_i`$. There is a surjective homomorphism

$$\rho :\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)K(𝐠)$$

specified by mapping $`\lambda _ig_i`$. $`Ker(\rho )`$ is a finite-index subgroup of $`\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)`$. Let $`\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Sigma }}`$ be the orbifold universal cover of $`S^2`$. Let $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Sigma }}/Ker(\rho )`$. Then $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ is smooth, compact and $`\mathrm{\Sigma }/K(𝐠)=S^2`$. The genus of $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ can be computed using Riemann Hurwitz formula for Euler characteristics of a branched covering, and turns out to be

$`(2.2)`$
$$g(\mathrm{\Sigma })=\frac{1}{2}(2+|K(\text{g})|\mathrm{\Sigma }_{i=1}^3\frac{|K(𝐠)|}{k_i})$$

$`K(𝐠)`$ acts holomorphically on $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ and hence $`K(𝐠)`$ acts on $`H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$. The ”obstruction bundle” $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ over $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ is constructed as follows. On the local chart $`(V_p^𝐠,C(𝐠),\pi )`$ of $`X_{(𝐠)}`$, $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is given by $`(TV_pH^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}\times V_p^𝐠V_p^𝐠`$, where $`(TV_pH^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}`$ is the $`K(𝐠)`$-invariant subspace. We define an action of $`C(𝐠)`$ on $`TV_pH^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$, which is the usual one on $`TV_p`$ and trivial on $`H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$. The the action of $`C(𝐠)`$ and $`K(𝐠)`$ commute and $`(TV_pH^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}`$ is invariant under $`C(𝐠)`$. Thus we have obtained an action of $`C(𝐠)`$ on $`(TV_pH^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}\times V_p^𝐠V_p^𝐠`$, extending the usual one on $`V_p^𝐠`$. These trivializations fit together to define the bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ over $`X_{(𝐠)}`$. If we set $`e:X_{(𝐠)}X`$ to be the map given by $`(p,(𝐠)_p)p`$, one may think of $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ as $`(e^{}TXH^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}`$. The rank of $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is given by the formula :

$`(2.3)`$
$$rank_𝐂(E_{(𝐠)})=dim_𝐂(X_{(𝐠)})dim_𝐂(X)+\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=1}^3\iota _{(g_j)}$$

### 2.4. Orbifold cup product.

First, there is a natural map $`I:X_{(g)}X_{(g^1)}`$ defined by $`(p,(g)_p)(p,(g^1)_p)`$.

###### Definition 2.4.1.

Let $`n=dim_𝐂(X)`$. For any integer $`0n2n`$, the pairing

$$<,>_{orb}:H_{orb}^d(X)\times H_{orb}^{2nd}(X)𝐐$$

is defined by taking the direct sum of

$$<,>_{orb}^{(g)}:H^{d2\iota _{(g)}}(X_{(g)};\text{Q})\times H^{2nd2\iota _{(g^1)}}(X_{(g^1)};𝐐)𝐐$$

where

$$<\alpha ,\beta >_{orb}^{(g)}=_{X_{(g)}}^{orb}\alpha I^{}(\beta )$$

for $`\alpha H^{d2\iota _{(g)}}(X_{(g)};\text{Q})`$, and $`\beta H^{2nd2\iota _{(g^1)}}(X_{(g^1)};𝐐)`$.

Choose an orbifold connection $`A`$ on $`E_{(𝐠)}`$. Let $`e_A(E_{(𝐠)})`$ be the Euler form computed from the connection $`A`$ by Chen-Weil theory. Let $`\eta _jH^{d_j}(X_{(g_j)};\text{Q})`$, for $`j=1,2,3`$. Define maps $`e_j:X_{(𝐠)}X_{(g_j)}`$ by $`(p,(\text{g})_p)(p,(g_j)_p)`$.

###### Definition 2.4.2.

Define the 3-point function to be

$`(2.4)`$
$$<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}:=_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3e_A(E_{(𝐠)})$$

Note that the above integral does not depend on the choice of $`A`$. As in the definition 2.4.1, we extend the 3-point function to $`H_{orb}^{}(X)`$ by linearity. We define the orbifold cup product by the relation

$`(2.5)`$
$$<\eta _1_{orb}\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}:=<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}$$

Again we extend $`_{orb}`$ to $`H_{orb}^{}(X)`$ via linearity. Note that if $`(𝐠)=(1,1,1)`$, then $`\eta _1_{orb}\eta _2`$ is just the ordinary cup product $`\eta _1\eta _2`$ in $`H^{}(X)`$.

### 2.5. Simplicial Toric Varieties as Orbifolds.

A toric variety is a normal variety with an action of an algebraic torus which admits an open dense orbit homeomorphic to the torus. Every toric variety is described by a set of combinatoric data, called a fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ in a lattice $`N`$, , . $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ is simplicial if every cone $`\sigma `$ in $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ is generated by a subset of a basis of $`𝐑^n=N𝐑`$.

We now describe the orbifold structure of simplicial toric varieties, see Poddar . Let $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ be any simplicial fan in a $`n`$ dimensional lattice $`N`$. $`X_\mathrm{\Xi }`$ be the corresponding toric variety. For a cone $`\tau \mathrm{\Xi }`$, denote the set of its primitive 1-dimensional generators by $`\tau [1]`$, the corresponding affine open subset of $`X_\mathrm{\Xi }`$ by $`U_\tau `$, and the corresponding torus orbit by $`O_\tau `$. We write $`\nu \tau `$ if the cone $`\nu `$ is a face of the cone $`\tau `$, and $`\nu <\tau `$ if it is a proper subface. $`U_\tau =_{\nu \tau }O_\nu `$. Let $`M=Hom(N,𝐙)`$ be the dual lattice of $`N`$ with dual pair $`<,>`$. For any cone $`\tau \mathrm{\Xi }`$, denote its dual cone in $`M𝐑`$ by $`\stackrel{ˇ}{\tau }`$. Let $`S_\tau =\stackrel{ˇ}{\tau }M`$. $`𝐂(𝐒_\tau )`$ is the $`𝐂`$-algebra with generators $`\chi ^m`$ for each $`mS_\tau `$ and relation $`\chi ^m\chi ^m^{^{}}=\chi ^{m+m^{^{}}}`$. $`U_\tau =Spec(\text{C}[S_\tau ])`$.

Then the orbifold structure of the toric variety $`X_\mathrm{\Xi }`$ can be described as follows. Let $`\sigma `$ be any $`n`$ dimensional cone of $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$. Let $`v_1,\mathrm{},v_n`$ be the primitive 1 dimension generstors of $`\sigma `$. These are linearly independent in $`N_𝐑=N𝐑`$. Let $`N_\sigma `$ be the sublattice of $`N`$ generated by $`v_1,\mathrm{},v_n`$. And let $`G_\sigma =N/N_\sigma `$ be the quotient group, then $`G_\sigma `$ is finite and abelian.

Let $`\sigma ^{^{}}`$ be the cone $`\sigma `$ regarded in $`N_\sigma `$. Let $`\stackrel{ˇ}{\sigma }^{^{}}`$ be the dual cone of $`\sigma ^{^{}}`$ in $`M_\sigma `$, the dual lattice of $`N_\sigma `$. $`U_\sigma ^{^{}}=spec(\text{C}[\stackrel{ˇ}{\sigma }^{^{}}M_\sigma ])`$. Note that $`\sigma ^{^{}}`$ is a smooth cone in $`N_\sigma `$. So $`U_\sigma ^{^{}}𝐂^n`$.

Now there is a canonical dual pairing $`M_\sigma /M\times N/N_\sigma 𝐐/𝐙𝐂^{}`$, the first map by the pairing $`<,>`$ and the second by $`qexp(2\pi iq)`$. Now $`G_\sigma `$ acts on $`\text{C}[M_\sigma ]`$, the group ring of $`M_\sigma `$, by: $`v(\chi ^u)=exp(2\pi i<u,v>)\chi ^u`$, for $`vN`$ and $`uM_\sigma `$. Note that

$`(2.6)`$
$$(\text{C}[M_\sigma ])^{G_\sigma }=\text{C}[M]$$

Thus $`G_\sigma `$ acts on $`U_\sigma ^{^{}}`$. Let $`\pi _\sigma `$ be the quotient map. Then $`U_\sigma =U_\sigma ^{^{}}/G_\sigma `$. So $`U_\sigma `$ is uniformized by $`(U_\sigma ^{^{}},G_\sigma ,\pi _\sigma )`$. For any $`\tau <\sigma `$, the orbifold structure on $`U_\tau `$ is the same as the one induced from the uniformizing system on $`U_\sigma `$. Then by the description of the toric gluing it is clear that $`\{(U_\sigma ^{^{}},G_\sigma ,\pi _\sigma ):\sigma \mathrm{\Xi }[n]\}`$ defines a reduced orbifold structure on $`X_\mathrm{\Xi }`$. We give a more explicit verification of this fact below.

Let $`B`$ be the nonsingular matrix with generators $`v_1,\mathrm{},v_n`$ of $`\sigma `$ as rows. Then $`\stackrel{ˇ}{\sigma }^{^{}}`$ is generated in $`M_\sigma `$ by the column vectors $`v^1,\mathrm{},v^n`$ of the matrix $`B^1`$. So $`\chi ^{v^1},\mathrm{},\chi ^{v^n}`$ are the coordinates of $`U_\sigma ^{^{}}`$. For any $`k=(k_1,\mathrm{},k_n)N`$, the corresponding coset $`[k]G_\sigma `$ acts on $`U_\sigma ^{^{}}`$ in these coordinates as a diagonal matrix: $`diag(exp(2\pi ic_1),\mathrm{},exp(2\pi ic_n))`$, where $`c_i=<k,v^i>`$. Such a matrix is uniquely represented by an $`n`$-tuple $`a=(a_1,\mathrm{},a_n)`$ where $`a_i[0,1)`$ and $`c_i=a_i+b_i,b_i𝐙`$. In matrix notation, $`kB^1=a+bk=aB+bB`$. We denote the integral vector $`aB`$ in $`N`$ by $`k_a`$ and the diagonal matrix corresponding to $`a`$ by $`g_a`$. $`k_ag_a`$ gives a one to one correspondence between the elements of $`G_\sigma `$ and the integral vector in $`N`$ that are linear combinations of the generators of $`\sigma `$ with coefficient in $`[0,1)`$.

Now let us examine the orbifold chart induced by $`(U_\sigma ^{^{}},G_\sigma ,\pi _\sigma )`$ at any point $`pU_\sigma `$. By the orbit decomposition, there is a unique $`\tau \mathrm{\Xi }`$ such that $`pO_\tau `$. We assume $`\tau `$ is generated by $`v_1,\mathrm{},v_j,jn`$. Then any preimage of $`p`$ with respect to $`\pi _\sigma `$ has coordinates $`\chi ^{v^i}=0`$ iff $`ij`$. Let $`z=(0,\mathrm{},0,z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_n)`$ be one such preimage. Let $`G_\tau :=\{g_aG_\sigma :a_i=0ifj+1in\}`$. We can find a small neighborhood $`W(𝐂^{})^{nj}`$ of $`(z_{j+1},\mathrm{},z_n)`$ such that the inclusions $`𝐂^j\times WU_\sigma ^{^{}}`$ and $`G_\tau G_\sigma `$ induces an injection of uniformizing systems $`(𝐂^j\times W,G_\tau ,\pi )(U_\sigma ^{^{}},G_\sigma ,\pi _\sigma )`$ on some small open neighborhood $`U_p`$ of $`p`$. So we have $`G_p=G_\tau `$ and an orbifold chart $`(𝐂^j\times W,G_\tau ,\pi )`$. Note that $`G_\tau `$ can be constructed from the set $`\{k_a=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{i=1}^ja_iv_i:k_aN,a_i[0,1)\}`$ which is completely determined by $`\tau `$ and hence is independent of $`\sigma `$.

## 3. The Weighted Projective Spaces

### 3.1. The Definition and the Orbifold Structure of the Weighted Projective Space.

Throughout this paper, $`a(𝐩)`$ for $`a𝐂`$ and $`𝐩=(p_1,\mathrm{},p_n)𝐙^n`$ will denote the diagonal matrix:

$$Diag(a^{p_1},\mathrm{},a^{p_n})$$

with diagonal entries $`a^{p_i},i=1,\mathrm{},n`$. Moreover, for an integer $`q`$, $`\mu _q`$ will denote the group $`𝐙/q𝐙`$.

###### Definition 3.1.1.

() Let $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ be a $`(n+1)`$-tuple of positive integers. The weighted projective space of type $`Q`$, $`\text{P}^n(Q)=\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ is defined by

$$𝐏_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n=\left\{z(\text{C}^{n+1})^{}\right|z\lambda (\text{q})z,\lambda 𝐂^{}\}$$

where $`\lambda (\text{q})=Diag(\lambda ^{q_0},\mathrm{},\lambda ^{q_n})`$.

###### Remark 3.1.2.

(1)The above $`𝐂^{}`$-action is free iff $`q_i=1`$ for every $`i=0,\mathrm{},n`$; (2) If $`gcd(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)=d1`$, then $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ is homeomorphic to $`\text{P}_{q_0/d,\mathrm{},q_n/d}^n`$(by identification of $`\lambda ^d`$ with $`\lambda `$ ).

Weighted projective spaces are, in general, orbifolds where the singularities have cyclic structure groups acting diagonally. Moreover, if all the $`q_i^{}s`$ are mutually prime, all these orbifold singularities are isolated. In fact, as is usually done for complex projective spaces, we can consider the sets

$$U_i=\{[z]_Q\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n:z_i0\}\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n$$

and the bijective maps $`\varphi _i`$ from $`U_i`$ to $`𝐂^n/\mu _{q_i}(Q_i)`$ given by

$$\varphi _i([z]_Q)=(\frac{z_0}{(z_i)^{q_0/q_i}},\mathrm{},\frac{\widehat{z_i}}{z_i},\mathrm{},\frac{z_n}{(z_i)^{q_n/q_i}})_{q_i}$$

where $`(z_i)^{1/q_i}`$ is a $`q_i`$-root of $`z_i`$ and $`()_{q_i}`$ is a $`\mu _i`$-conjugacy class in $`𝐂^n/\mu _{q_i}(Q_i)`$ with $`\mu _{q_i}`$ acting on $`𝐂^n`$ by

$$\xi z=\xi (Q_i)z,\xi \mu _{q_i}$$

Here $`Q_i=(q_0,\mathrm{},\widehat{q_i},\mathrm{},q_n)`$. Then on $`\varphi _i(U_jU_i)𝐂^n/\mu _{q_i}(Q_i)`$,

$$\varphi _j\varphi _i^1((z_1,\mathrm{},z_n)_{q_i})=(\frac{z_0}{(z_j)^{q_0/q_j}},\mathrm{},\frac{\widehat{z_j}}{z_j},\mathrm{},\frac{1}{(z_j)^{q_i/q_j}},\mathrm{},\frac{z_n}{(z_j)^{q_n/q_j}})_{q_j}$$

### 3.2. Toric Structure of the Weighted Projective Spaces.

Given $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)𝐙^{n+1}`$, let $`d_{i_1,\mathrm{},i_s}=gcd(q_{i_1},\mathrm{},q_{i_s})`$ and $`d_j=gcd(q_0,\mathrm{},\widehat{q}_j,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ ($`i_1,\mathrm{},i_s,j\{1,\mathrm{},n\}`$). Define a grading of $`\text{C}[X_0,\mathrm{},X_n]`$ by $`degX_i=q_i`$. We denote this ring by $`S(Q)`$. Then $`𝐏_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n=projS(Q)`$ is the weighted projective space of type $`Q`$. $`𝐏_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ is covered by the affine open sets $`D_+(X_i):=specS(Q)_{X_i},(i=0,\mathrm{},n)`$. The monic monomials of $`S(Q)_{X_i}`$ are of type $`X_i^l\mathrm{\Pi }_{ji}X_j^{\lambda _j}`$, where $`lq_i=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{ji}\lambda _jq_j`$ and $`l,\lambda _j`$ are non-negative integers. So each such monomial is uniquely determined by the $`n`$-tuple $`(\lambda _0,\mathrm{},\lambda _{i1},\lambda _{i+1},\mathrm{},\lambda _n)`$ of its non-negative exponents. The exponents occurring are just the points lying in the intersection of the cone $`e:=pos\{e_1,\mathrm{},e_n\}`$ and the lattice $`N_{Q,q_i}𝐙^n`$ that is defined as follows.

Consider $`Q_i=(q_0,\mathrm{},\widehat{q_i},\mathrm{},q_n)`$ as an element of $`Hom_𝐙(𝐙^n,𝐙)`$ by setting:

$$Q_i(a_1,\mathrm{},a_n):=q_0a_1+\mathrm{},+q_na_n$$

$`𝐙^n`$ being equipped with its canonical basis. Let $`\pi _i:𝐙𝐙_{q_i}`$ denote the canonical projection. Then

$$N_{Q,q_i}:=Ker(𝐙^n𝐙𝐙_{q_i})$$

is a sublattice of $`𝐙^n`$. Denote by $`M_{Q,i}`$ the dual lattice. We have an isomorphism of semigroup rings

$$S(Q)_{(X_i)}\text{C}[eN_{Q,q_i}]$$

revealing $`D_+(X_i)`$ to be the affine toric variety associated with $`\stackrel{ˇ}{e}`$ with respect to $`M_{Q,q_i}`$.

###### Proposition 3.2.1.

() Let $`C_i=(c_1^i,\mathrm{},c_n^i)`$ be a basis of $`N_{Q,q_i}`$ and denote by $`r_1^i,\mathrm{},r_n^i`$ the row vectors of $`C_i`$. Let $`\sigma _i:=pos\{r_1^i,\mathrm{},r_n^i\}`$. Then there is an isomorphism of semigroups

$$\stackrel{ˇ}{\sigma }_i\text{Z}^neN_{Q,q_i}.$$

###### Proposition 3.2.2.

() With the natation introduced above, the matrix

$$C_0=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}\frac{q_0}{d_{01}}& c_{12}^0& \mathrm{}& c_{1n}^0\\ 0& \frac{d_{01}}{d_{012}}& \mathrm{}& c_{2n}^0\\ \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}& \mathrm{}\\ 0& 0& \mathrm{}& \frac{d_n}{d_{0\mathrm{}n}}\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c}v_1\\ v_2\\ \mathrm{}\\ v_n\end{array}\right)=(c_{ij}^0)$$

is a basis of $`N_{Q,q_0}`$, where $`c_{ij}^0𝐙_\mathrm{𝟎}`$ are determined as follows. For fixed $`j\{2,\mathrm{},n\}`$ construct $`c_{ij}^0`$ successively for $`i=j1,\mathrm{},1`$ by requiring $`c_{ij}^0𝐙_\mathrm{𝟎}`$ to be minimal with the property that

$$c_{ij}^0q_i+\underset{\nu =i+1}{\overset{j}{}}c_{\nu j}^0q_\nu gcd(q_0,\mathrm{},q_{i1})\text{Z}=d_{0\mathrm{}i1}𝐙.$$

###### Proposition 3.2.3.

() With the notations introduced above, let $`v_0:=_{i=1}^n\frac{q_i}{q_0}v_i`$, $`\rho _i=\text{R}_0v_i`$. Then the complete fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ determined by $`\mathrm{\Xi }[1]=\{\rho _0,\mathrm{},\rho _n\}`$ is the fan of the weighted projective space $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$.

###### Remark 3.2.4.

(1) The weighted projective space $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ can also be constructed as follows. Given a fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{u_0,\mathrm{},u_n\}`$ so that $`q_0u_0+q_1u_1+\mathrm{}+q_nu_n=0`$, then the toric variety $`X_\mathrm{\Xi }`$ is the weighted projective space $`𝐏_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$. From above we can see that $`\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ satisfies the condition $`q_0v_0+q_1v_1+\mathrm{}+q_nv_n=0`$. In fact, the proposition 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 gave a method to compute the fan of weighted projective space of type $`Q`$. (2) If $`gcd(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)=d1`$, from the construction of the matrix $`C_0`$, we can see that $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ and $`\text{P}_{q_0/d,\mathrm{},q_n/d}^n`$ have the same fans, so they are homeomorphic.

### 3.3. Homogeneous Coordinate Representations of Weighted Projective Spaces Induced from Toric Varieties.

In this section we use the theorem of David Cox (see ) to represent the weighted projective space $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ as the geometric quotient $`(𝐂^{𝐧+\mathrm{𝟏}})^{}/𝐂^{}`$. From the theorem of David Cox in , for a fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$, the toric variety $`X_\mathrm{\Xi }`$ is a geometric quotient $`(𝐂)^r\backslash Z/G`$ iff $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ is simplicial, where $`r`$ is the number of the 1-primitive generators,$`Z`$ is a subvariety of $`𝐂^r`$, $`G`$ is some subgroup of $`(𝐂^{})^r`$. To give this representation for the weighted projective space, we must compute the space $`Z`$ and the group $`G`$. Let $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ be the fan of weighted projective space $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$. Then there are $`n+1`$ 1-dimensional primitive generators, which give variables $`x_0,\mathrm{},x_n`$. Furthermore, the maximal cones of the fan are generated by the $`n`$-element subsets of $`\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$. It follows from  that

$$Z=V(x_0,\mathrm{},x_n)=\{(0,\mathrm{},0)\}𝐂^{n+1}.$$

Now we describe the group $`G`$. From ,

$$G=\left\{(\mu _0,\mathrm{},\mu _n)(𝐂^{})^{n+1}\right|\mathrm{\Pi }_{i=1}^{n+1}\mu _i^{<m,v_i>}=1,\text{for all}m𝐙^n\}$$

However it suffices to let $`m`$ be the standard basis elements $`e_1,\mathrm{},e_n`$. Thus $`(\mu _0,\mathrm{},\mu _n)G`$ iff

$`(3.1)`$
$$\mathrm{\Pi }_{i=0}^n\mu _i^{<e_1,r_i>}=\mathrm{\Pi }_{i=0}^n\mu _i^{<e_2,r_i>}=\mathrm{}=\mathrm{\Pi }_{i=0}^n\mu _i^{<e_n,r_i>}=1$$

From proposition 3.2.3, we have the vectors $`v_1,\mathrm{},v_n`$, and $`v_0=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{i=1}^n\frac{q_i}{q_0}r_i`$, so we have:

$`\mu _0^{\frac{q_1}{d_{01}}}\mu _1^{\frac{q_0}{d_{01}}}`$ $`=`$ $`\mu _0^{(\frac{q_1}{q_0}c_{12}^0\frac{q_2d_{01}}{q_0d_{012}})}\mu _1^{c_{12}^0}\mu _2^{\frac{d_{01}}{d_{012}}}=\mathrm{}=`$
$`=`$ $`\mu _0^{(\frac{q_1}{q_0}c_{1n}^0\frac{q_2}{q_0}c_{2n}^0\mathrm{}\frac{q_nd_n}{q_0d_{0\mathrm{}n}})}\mu _1^{c_{1n}^0}\mathrm{}\mu _{n1}^{c_{n1,n}^0}\mu _n^{\frac{d_n}{d_{0\mathrm{}n}}}=1`$
So

$$\{\begin{array}{c}\mu _0^{\frac{q_1}{d_{01}}}=\mu _1^{\frac{q_0}{d_{01}}},\hfill \\ \mu _0^{(\frac{q_1}{q_0}c_{12}^0+\frac{q_2d_{01}}{q_0d_{012}})}=\mu _1^{c_{12}^0}\mu _2^{\frac{d_{01}}{d_{012}}};\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\hfill \\ \mu _0^{(\frac{q_1}{q_0}c_{1n}^0+\frac{q_2}{q_0}c_{2n}^0+\mathrm{}+\frac{q_nd_n}{q_0d_{0\mathrm{}n}})}=\mu _1^{c_{1n}^0}\mathrm{}\mu _{n1}^{c_{n1,n}^0}\mu _n^{\frac{d_n}{d_{0\mathrm{}n}}}\hfill \end{array}$$

We have

$`(3.2)`$
$$\mu _0=(\mu _0^{\frac{1}{q_0}})^{q_0},\mu _1=(\mu _0^{\frac{1}{q_0}})^{q_1},\mu _2=(\mu _0^{\frac{1}{q_0}})^{q_2},\mathrm{},\mu _n=(\mu _0^{\frac{1}{q_0}})^{q_n}.$$

We obtain the following results. if $`(\mu _0,\mathrm{},\mu _n)G(𝐂^{})^{n+1}`$, then $`(\mu _0,\mathrm{},`$ $`\mu _n)`$ satisfies the condition (3.2). So $`G𝐂^{}`$, let $`\mu _0^{\frac{1}{q_0}}=\lambda `$, then the $`G`$ action on $`(𝐂^{})^{𝐧+\mathrm{𝟏}}`$ by $`\lambda (x_0,\mathrm{},x_n)=(\lambda ^{q_0}x_0,\mathrm{},\lambda ^{q_n}x_n)`$. Thus $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n=(𝐂^{n+1})^{}/𝐂^{}`$.

###### Proposition 3.3.1.

Let $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ and $`gcd(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)=1`$, then the definitions of $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ in the sections 3.1 and 3.2 are equivalent.

## 4. The Chen-Ruan Cohomology Groups of Weighted Projective Spaces

### 4.1. The Ordinary Cohomology Groups of Weighted Projective Spaces.

Let $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, $`gcd(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)=1`$ and $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ be the weighted projective space of the type $`Q`$. The ordinary cohomology group of $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ has already been studied by several authors, , . Here we only give the results.

###### Theorem 4.1.1.

Let $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ and $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ be the weighted projective space of the type $`Q`$, then the cohomology group of $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ with rational coefficient is

$$H^i(\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n,\text{Q})=\{\begin{array}{cc}𝐐,\hfill & \text{if}i=2r,0rn;\hfill \\ 0,\hfill & \text{if}i\text{is odd or}i>2n.\hfill \end{array}$$

### 4.2. Orbiford Structure from Toric Varieties.

Let $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ and $`\text{P}_{q_0\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ be the weighted projective space of the type $`Q`$. And let $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ be the fan of $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ in the lattice $`𝐙^n`$ defined in section 3.2. We have the following proposition.

###### Proposition 4.2.1.

Let $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ and $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ be the weighted projective space of the type $`Q`$. Then taking $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ as toric variety and its fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ is generated by $`\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ above, it has the orbifold structure as follows.

$$\{(U_{\sigma _k^{^{}}},G_{\sigma _k},\pi _{\sigma _k})|\sigma _k=(v_0,\mathrm{},\widehat{v}_k,\mathrm{},v_n),k=0,\mathrm{},n\}$$

In particular, $`G_{\sigma _k}=𝐙_{q_k}`$ is the cyclic group of order $`q_k`$.

###### Proof.

Because the fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ of toric variety $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ is generated by $`\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$, so we all have $`n+1`$ $`n`$-dimensional cones $`\sigma _0,\mathrm{},\sigma _n`$. From section 2.4, we can conclude that

$$\{(U_{\sigma _k^{^{}}},G_{\sigma _k},\pi _{\sigma _k})|\sigma _k=(v_0,\mathrm{},\widehat{v}_k,\mathrm{},v_n),k=0,\mathrm{},n\}$$

forms the orbifold structure of $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$. Now we prove that for any $`\sigma _k`$, $`G_{\sigma _k}=𝐙_{q_k}`$. From section 2.4 we have $`G_{\sigma _k}=N/N_{\sigma _k}`$, let $`\pi _k:𝐙𝐙_{q_k}`$ be the standard projection. Define the map $`Q_k:𝐙^n𝐙`$ such that $`Q_k(a_1,\mathrm{},a_n)=q_0a_1+\mathrm{}+q_na_n,Q_i=(q_0,\mathrm{},\widehat{q_k},\mathrm{},q_n)`$. Then we let

$$N_{Q,q_k}:=Ker(𝐙^n𝐙𝐙_{q_k})$$

From H.Conrads , because $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ is the fan of $`\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$, so $`N_{Q,q_k}`$ is generated by $`\sigma _k=(v_0,\mathrm{},\widehat{v_k},\mathrm{},v_n)`$, i.e. $`N_{Q,k}=N_{\sigma _k}`$. So we have:

$$G_{\sigma _k}=N/N_{\sigma _k}=𝐙^n/N_{Q,q_k}𝐙_{q_k}.$$

###### Remark 4.2.2.

From the proposition above, $`U_{\sigma _k^{^{}}}=𝐂^n`$, so $`U_{\sigma _k}=U_{\sigma _k^{^{}}}/G_{\sigma _k}=𝐂^n/𝐙_{q_k}`$, and the action of $`\text{Z}_{q_k}`$ is the diagonal action, its matrix representation can be computed from the method of section 2.4 which we will use in the following section.

### 4.3. Twisted Sectors of Weighted Projective Spaces and Degree Shifting Numbers.

Given a weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$ of type $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, we now discuss the twisted sectors of $`𝐏(Q)`$. First, taken as toric variety, $`𝐏(Q)`$ has the orbit decomposition $`𝐏(Q)=_{\tau \mathrm{\Xi }}O_\tau `$, we will determined $`O_\tau `$. From section 2.4, if $`\sigma \mathrm{\Xi }`$ is a $`n`$-dimensional cone, suppose $`\sigma =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{n1})`$, then $`G_\sigma =𝐙_{q_n}`$. We also know that $`G_\sigma =\{k_a=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{i=0}^{n1}a_iv_i:k_aN,a_i[0,1)\}`$. If $`\tau =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$ is a face of $`\sigma `$, then $`G_\tau =\{g_aG_\sigma :a_i=0\text{if}j+1in\}`$, i.e. $`G_\tau =\{k_a=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=1}^{i1}a_jv_j:k_aN,a_j[0,1)\}`$. $`G_\tau `$ can be taken as the local group of the points in $`O_\tau `$. For the weighted projective space, we have the following proposition.

###### Proposition 4.3.1.

Given a weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$ of type $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. Let $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ be the fan of $`𝐏(Q)`$. If $`\tau =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$is a cone of $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$, then we have $`G_\tau 𝐙_d`$, where $`d=gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. In particular, $`(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ is the maximal subset of $`(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ whose $`gcd`$ is $`d`$ iff the dimension of fixed point set of $`𝐙_d`$ is $`ni`$.

###### Proof.

Let $`\sigma _k=(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1},v_i,\mathrm{},\widehat{v_k},\mathrm{},v_n),ikn`$, then from proposition 4.2.1, $`G_{\sigma _k}𝐙_{q_k}`$. Since we have $`G_{\sigma _k}=\{k_a=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{jk}a_jv_j:k_aN,a_j[0,1),ikn\}`$, $`G_\tau =\{k_a=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=1}^{i1}a_jv_j:k_aN,a_j[0,1)\}`$, so $`G_\tau `$ is a subgroup of $`G_{\sigma _k}(ikn)`$. Next we show that any element of a common subgroup of $`G_{\sigma _k}(ikn)`$ has the form of the elements in $`G_\tau `$. For any element $`g_a𝐙_{q_k}(ikn)`$. Without loss of generality, assume $`g_a𝐙_{q_i},𝐙_{q_{i+1}}`$, and

$$(1)g_a=a_0v_0+\mathrm{}+a_{i1}v_{i1}+a_{i+1}v_{i+1}+\mathrm{}+a_nv_n$$

$$(2)g_a=a_0^{^{}}v_0+\mathrm{}+a_i^{^{}}v_i+a_{i+2}^{^{}}v_{i+2}+\mathrm{}+a_n^{^{}}v_n$$

Since the action of the same $`g_a`$ at one neighborhood of a point is the same, so for $`ji,i+1,a_j=a_j^{^{}}`$, $`(1)(2)`$, we obtain $`a_{i+1}v_{i+1}a_i^{^{}}v_i=0`$, and we have a contradiction, because the generators $`v_{i+1}`$ and $`v_i`$ of the fan are independent over $`N_𝐑`$. We have $`g_a=a_0v_0+\mathrm{}+a_{i1}v_{i1}`$ and $`g_aG_\tau `$. So we prove $`G_\tau =𝐙_d,d=gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$.

Now if $`(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ is the maximal subset of $`(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ that satisfies the condition $`gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)=d`$, while the dimension of fixed point set of $`𝐙_d`$ is not $`ni`$. Because the dimension of $`O_\tau `$ is $`ni`$, then we have a generator $`g_a𝐙_d`$ and $`g_a`$ can be represented by $`g_a=a_0v_0+\mathrm{}+a_{i1}v_{i1}`$. And we must have some $`a_s=0`$ for $`si1`$. If we let $`\rho =(v_0,\mathrm{},\widehat{v_s},\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$, then from the first part of the proposition we have $`G_\rho =𝐙_d=gcd(q_s,q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ which will contradict the maximal principle of the condition.

Conversely, suppose the dimension of the fixed point set of $`𝐙_d`$ is $`ni`$, i.e. the dimension of the orbit $`O_\tau `$. If we have a subset of $`(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ whose great common divisor is $`d`$, and the number of the subset is more than the $`(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. Without loss of generality, we assume $`gcd(q_s,q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)=d`$ for $`0si1`$. Then let $`\delta =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{s1},v_{s+1},\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$. From the first part of the theorem we have

$$G_\delta =𝐙_d=\{k_a=a_0v_0+\mathrm{}+a_{s1}v_{s1}+a_{s+1}v_{s+1}+\mathrm{}+a_{i1}v_{i1}:a_i[0,1)\}$$

We see that the dimension of the fixed point set of $`𝐙_d`$ overdues $`ni+1`$, a contradiction. ∎

Now we discuss the twisted sectors of the weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$. From the theorem of Poddar in  for the twisted sectors of general toric varieties, we have:

###### Theorem 4.3.2.

() A twisted sector of a weighted projective space is isomorphic to a subvariety $`\overline{O}_\tau `$ of $`X_\mathrm{\Xi }=𝐏(Q)`$ for some $`\tau \mathrm{\Xi }`$. There is a one to one correspondence between the set of twisted sectors of the type $`\overline{O}_\tau `$ and the set of integral vectors in the interior of $`\tau `$ which are linear combinations of the 1-dimensional generators of $`\tau `$ with coefficients in $`(0,1)`$.

For the orbit $`O_\tau `$ of the weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$ for some $`\tau \mathrm{\Xi }`$, we have the following proposition:

###### Proposition 4.3.3.

Given a weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$ of type $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. Let $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ be the fan of $`𝐏(Q)`$. If $`\tau =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$ is a cone in $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$, then $`\overline{O}_\tau `$ is the weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, where $`Q_\tau =(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$.

###### Proof.

From Fulton , $`\overline{O}_\tau `$ is a toric variety and the fan $`Star(\tau )`$ can be described as follows. Let $`N_\tau `$ be the sublattice of $`N`$ generated by $`\tau N`$, and $`N(\tau )=N/N_\tau ,M(\tau )=\tau ^{}M`$ be the quotient lattice and the dual. The star of a cone $`\tau `$ can be defined abstractly as the set of cones $`\sigma `$ in $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ that contain $`\tau `$ as a face. Such cones $`\sigma `$ are determined by their images in $`N(\tau )`$, i.e. by

$$\overline{\sigma }=(\sigma +(N_\tau )_𝐑)/(N_\tau )_𝐑N_𝐑/(N_\tau )_𝐑=N(\tau )_𝐑$$

These cones $`\{\overline{\sigma }:\tau <\sigma \}`$ form a fan in $`N(\tau )`$, and we denote this fan by $`Star(\tau )`$, the corresponding toric variety is $`nk`$-dimensional toric variety. For the toric variety $`𝐏(Q)`$, let $`\overline{v}_i,\mathrm{},\overline{v}_n`$ be the images of $`v_0,\mathrm{},v_n`$ in the quotient lattice $`N(\tau )`$, since in $`N`$, $`q_0v_0+\mathrm{}+q_nv_n=0`$, we have $`q_i\overline{v}_i+\mathrm{}+q_n\overline{v}_n=0`$ in the quotient lattice $`N(\tau )`$. So from the definition of weighted projective space, Remark 3.2.4, we conclude that the toric variety corresponding to the fan $`Star(\tau )`$ in the quotient lattice $`N(\tau )`$ is the weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, where $`Q_\tau =(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. ∎

###### Remark 4.3.4.

The $`gcd`$ of $`(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ need not necessary be 1, if $`d=gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, in general, $`𝐏(Q_\tau )`$ is a nonreduced orbifold, and it has a corresponding reduced orbifold $`𝐏(Q_\tau ^{^{}})`$, where $`Q_\tau ^{^{}}=(q_i/d,\mathrm{},q_n/d)`$.

###### Theorem 4.3.5.

Let $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ and $`𝐏(Q)=𝐏_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ be the weighted projective space of the type $`Q`$. Let $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ be the fan of $`\text{P}(Q)`$. If $`\tau =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$ is a cone in $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$, then $`\overline{O}_\tau =𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, where $`Q_\tau =(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. Let $`gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)=d`$. Then we have: $`\overline{O}_\tau =𝐏(Q_\tau )`$ is a twisted sector iff $`(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ is the maximal subset of $`(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ that satisfies the condition $`gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)=d`$.

###### Proof.

If $`\overline{O}_\tau `$ is a twisted sector, then suppose $`\overline{O}_\tau =X_{(g_a)}`$, where $`g_aG_\tau =𝐙_d`$ is a generator. If we have $`q_k\overline{}(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, $`gcd(q_k,q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)=d`$, let $`\delta =(v_0,\mathrm{},\widehat{v_k},\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$, then $`\overline{O}_\delta =𝐏(Q_\delta )`$, where $`Q_\delta =(q_k,q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. Since from section 2.4, $`G_\delta =𝐙_d=\{k_a=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=0}^{i1}a_jv_j:jk,a_j[0,1)\}`$, the coefficients of the representation of $`g_a`$ are non zeroes, so from theorem 4.3.2, $`X_{(g_a)}=\overline{O}_\delta `$ which contradicts the condition.

Suppose $`(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ is the maximal subset of $`(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ that meets the condition $`gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)=d`$, from proposition 4.4, let $`\tau =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1}),G_\tau 𝐙_d`$ and the dimension of the fixed point set of $`𝐙_d`$ is $`ni`$, the dimension of the orbit $`O_\tau `$. Since

$$G_\tau =𝐙_d=\{k_a=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=0}^{i1}a_jv_j:a_j[0,1)\}$$

we must have one generator $`g_aG_\tau `$ so that $`g_a`$ can be represented by

$$g_a=a_0v_0+\mathrm{}+a_{i1}v_{i1},\text{all}a_j0,j=0,\mathrm{},i1.$$

Thus the dimension of the fixed point set of $`g_a`$ is $`ni`$. From theorem 4.3.2, we see that $`X_{(g_a)}=\overline{O}_\tau `$. ∎

###### Remark 4.3.6.

From above analysis, if $`\tau =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$ is a cone in $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$, we describe the orbifold structure of twisted sector $`X_{(g_a)}=\overline{O}_\tau `$ as follows. In the points of $`O_\tau `$, the local group at the point $`x`$ is $`𝐙_d`$, $`d=gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, and $`C(g_a)=𝐙_d`$ acts trivially. If $`\delta >\tau `$ is a cone, then $`O_\delta \overline{O}_\tau `$,the local group at the $`yO_\delta `$ is the cyclic group $`𝐙_t`$, where $`t=gcd(q_{t_1},\mathrm{},q_{t_s}),q_i,\mathrm{},q_n`$, and $`\delta =(v_0,\mathrm{},\widehat{v}_{t_1},\mathrm{},\widehat{v}_{t_s},\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$. And the action of $`𝐙_t`$ on $`\overline{O}_\tau `$ can be described as before.

The degree shifting numbers can be computed easily. For instance, let $`X_{(g_a)}=\overline{O}_\tau `$ be a twisted sector, and $`\tau =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$, we can write $`g_a`$ as

$$g_a=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=0}^{i1}a_jv_j,a_j(0,1)$$

The degree shifting number $`\iota _{(g_a)}`$ of $`X_{(g_a)}`$ is:

$$\iota _{(g_a)}=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=0}^{i1}a_j$$

So in the orbifold structure of weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$, we can compute the degree shifting number corresponding to any twisted sector.

### 4.4. The Chen-Ruan Cohomology Groups of Weighted Projective Spaces.

Up to now, given a weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$ of type $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, from Theorem 4.3.5 we can calculate the twisted sectors of $`𝐏(Q)`$ and we also can compute the degree shifting numbers of the corresponding twisted sectors. So we write the Chen-Ruan cohomology group of $`𝐏(Q)`$ in the following manner.

###### Theorem 4.4.1.

Let $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ and $`𝐏(Q)=\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ be the weighted projective space of the type $`Q`$. Let $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ be the fan of $`\text{P}(Q)`$. Then the orbifold cohomology group of $`𝐏(Q)`$ is

$$H_{orb}^p(𝐏(Q);𝐐)\underset{\sigma \mathrm{\Xi },l𝐐}{}H^{p2l}(\overline{O}_\sigma )_{t\sigma _l}𝐐t$$

Where $`\sigma _l=\{_{v_i\sigma }a_iv_iN:a_i(0,1),_{v_i\sigma }a_i=l\}`$.(when $`\sigma =0`$, set $`l=0,T(\sigma )_l=𝐂`$). $`\overline{O}_\sigma `$ is the closure of the orbit corresponding to $`\sigma \mathrm{\Xi }`$. Here $`p`$ is rational numbers in $`[0,n]`$, and $`H^{p2l}(\overline{O}_\sigma )=0`$ if $`p2l`$ is not integral.

Note that the elements of $`_{0\sigma \mathrm{\Delta },l}\sigma _l`$ correspond to the twisted sectors of $`𝐏(Q)`$.

### 4.5. Example.

For $`Q=(2,3,4)`$, $`𝐏(Q)=𝐏_{2,3,4}^2`$, we have $`q_0=2,q_1=3,q_2=4`$. From proposition 3.2.2., we have

$$C_0=\left(\begin{array}{cc}2& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right)$$

So let $`v_1=(2,0),v_2=(0,1)`$, we have $`v_0=\frac{q_1}{q_0}v_1\frac{q_2}{q_0}v_2=(3,2)`$. The fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ of $`𝐏_{2,3,4}^2`$ is generated by $`\{v_0,v_1,v_2\}`$. For $`\sigma _2=(v_0,v_1)=((3,2),(2,0))`$, we have $`G_{\sigma _2}=N/N_{\sigma _2}=𝐙_4`$. We write the matrix representation of the action of $`𝐙_4`$ on $`U_{\sigma _2^{^{}}}=𝐂^2`$ as follows:

$$\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{4}}\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{3}{4}}\end{array}\right)$$

For $`\sigma _1=(v_0,v_2)=((3,2),(0,1))`$, we have $`G_{\sigma _1}=𝐙_3`$. We write the matrix representation of the action of $`𝐙_3`$ on $`U_{\sigma _1^{^{}}}=𝐂^2`$ as follows:

$$\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}\end{array}\right)$$

And for $`\sigma _0=(v_1,v_2)=((2,0),(0,1))`$, we have $`G_{\sigma _0}=𝐙_2`$ and representation:

$$\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right)$$

If we let

$$g_1=\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{4}}\end{array}\right);g_2=\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}\end{array}\right);g_3=\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right)$$

then we have the twisted sectors: let $`p_1=[0,1,0],p_2=[0,0,1]`$, $`X_{(g_1)}=X_{(g_1^3)}=p_2,\iota _{(g_1)}=\frac{3}{4},\iota _{(g_1^3)}=\frac{5}{4}`$; $`X_{(g_1^2)}`$ and $`X_{(g_3)}`$ are the same twisted sector $`𝐏_{2,0,4}`$, and $`\iota _{(g_1^2)}=\iota _{(g_3)}=\frac{1}{2}`$; $`X_{(g_2)}=X_{(g_2^2)}=p_1,\iota _{(g_2)}=\iota _{(g_2^2)}=1`$. So

$`H_{orb}^p(𝐏_{2,3,4}^2;𝐐)`$ $`=`$ $`H^p(𝐏_{2,3,4}^2;𝐐)H^{p2\iota _{(g_1)}}(\{p_2\};𝐐)H^{p2\iota _{(g_1^3)}}(\{p_2\};𝐐)`$
$``$ $`H^{p2\iota _{(g_1^2)}}(𝐏_{2,0,4};𝐐)2H^{p2\iota _{(g_2)}}(\{p_1\};𝐐)`$
We compute the orbifold cohomology group of $`𝐏_{2,3,4}^2`$ as

$$\begin{array}{c}H_{orb}^0(𝐏_{2,3,4}^2;𝐐)=𝐐;\hfill \\ H_{orb}^1(𝐏_{2,3,4}^2;𝐐)=𝐐;\hfill \\ H_{orb}^{\frac{3}{2}}(𝐏_{2,3,4}^2;𝐐)=𝐐;\hfill \\ H_{orb}^2(𝐏_{2,3,4}^2;𝐐)=𝐐𝐐𝐐;\hfill \\ H_{orb}^{\frac{5}{2}}(𝐏_{2,3,4}^2;𝐐)=𝐐;\hfill \\ H_{orb}^3(𝐏_{2,3,4}^2;𝐐)=𝐐;\hfill \\ H_{orb}^4(𝐏_{2,3,4}^2;𝐐)=𝐐.\hfill \end{array}$$

All the other dimensions of the Chen-Ruan cohomology groups are zero.

## 5. The Chen-Ruan Cohomology Rings of the Weighted Projective Spaces

### 5.1. The Ordinary Cohomology Ring of Weighted Projective Spaces.

In this section we recall the ordinary cohomology ring of the weighted projective space. The readers may refer to . Let $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ and $`𝐏(Q)=\text{P}_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ be the weighted projective space of the type $`Q`$. Let $`𝐏^n`$ be the $`n`$-dimensional complex projective space. As in , let $`\phi :𝐏^n𝐏(Q)`$ be the map taking $`[x_0,\mathrm{},x_n]`$ to $`[x_0^{q_0},\mathrm{},x_n^{q_n}]`$. Take $`k\{0,\mathrm{},n\}`$, and consider $`I=\{i_0,\mathrm{},i_k\}`$ with $`0i_0<\mathrm{}<i_kn`$. Put $`l_I=l_I(q_{i_0},\mathrm{},q_{i_k})=q_{i_0}\mathrm{}q_{i_k}/gcd(q_{i_0},\mathrm{},q_{i_k})`$, and let

$$l_k=l_k(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)=lcm\{l_I|I\{0,\mathrm{},n\},|I|=k+1\}$$

###### Theorem 5.1.1.

() For each $`k,0kn`$, there exists a unique $`\xi _kH^{2k}(𝐏(Q);𝐐)`$ such that $`\phi ^{}(\xi _k)=l_k\xi ^k`$, and $`\{1,\xi ,\mathrm{},\xi ^n\}`$ is a Q-basis of the free abelian group $`H^{2k}(𝐏(Q);𝐐)`$. In other words there are commutative diagrams

So we can make precise the multiplicative structure of the cohomology $`H^{2k}(𝐏(Q);𝐐)`$. Since $`\phi ^{}:H^{}(𝐏(Q);𝐐)H^{}(𝐏^n;𝐐)`$ is a ring homomorphism, so

$$\xi _i\xi _j=\{\begin{array}{cc}e_{ij}\xi _{i+j},\hfill & i+jn;\hfill \\ 0,\hfill & \text{if}\text{not}.\hfill \end{array}$$

Where $`e_{ij}=l_il_j/l_{i+j},1i,jn`$.

In the polynomial ring $`𝐐[T_1,\mathrm{},T_n]`$, let $`A`$ be the idea generated by the elements

$$T_iT_j(i+j>n)\text{and}T_iT_je_{ij}T_{i+j}(i+jn)$$

We obtain a ring isomorphism

$$H^{}(𝐏(Q);𝐐)𝐐[T_1,\mathrm{},T_n]/A$$

Where $`\xi _i`$ corresponds to the class of $`T_i`$.

### 5.2. Three Multi-sectors.

Let $`𝐏(Q)`$ be the weighted projective space of type $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, and $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ be the fan when $`𝐏(Q)`$ is taken as toric variety. Denote $`\mathrm{\Xi }[n]`$ the set of $`n`$-dimensional cones. For a cone $`\tau \mathrm{\Xi }`$, denote the set of its primitive 1-dimensional generators by $`\tau [1]`$. From the section 2.4, $`G_\tau =\{\mathrm{\Sigma }_{v_i\tau [1]}a_iv_i:a_i[0,1)\}`$, let $`R(\tau ):=\{g_a=\mathrm{\Sigma }a_iu_i|u_i\tau [1],0a_i<1\}N`$. Now we describe the 3-multisector $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ for $`𝐠=(g_1,g_2,g_3)`$.

Take any $`xX_\mathrm{\Xi }=𝐏(Q)`$ with nontrivial local group. Then $`x`$ belongs to a unique $`O_\tau `$ such that $`\tau `$ is not the trivial cone. Pick any elements $`g_a,g_b`$ from $`G_x=G_\tau `$. We shall find $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ where $`𝐠=(g_a,g_b,(g_ag_b)^1)`$. Let $`\tau _a`$ and $`\tau _b`$ be the faces of $`\tau `$, whose interiors contain $`g_a`$ and $`g_b`$ respectively. Let $`\sigma `$ be any $`n`$-dimensional cone containing $`\tau `$. Let $`z`$ be any point in $`U_\sigma ^{^{}}`$. Suppose $`z`$ is fixed by both $`g_a`$ and $`g_b`$. Then $`\chi ^{u^i}=0`$ whenever $`u_i\tau _a\tau _b`$. Hence $`\pi _\sigma (z)\overline{O}_{\tau _a}\overline{O}_{\tau _b}U_\sigma `$. A local uniformizing system for $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ is given by $`(V_x^𝐠,G_x,\pi )`$, where

$$V_x^𝐠=(𝐂^j\times W)\{\chi ^{u_i}=0:u_i\tau _a\tau _b\}$$

This leads us to observe that $`\{(x,𝐠)X_{(𝐠)}|xU_\sigma \}`$ is complex analytical isomorphic to $`\overline{O}_{\tau _a}\overline{O}_{\tau _b}U_\sigma `$. Since this is true in respective of the choice of $`\sigma `$, $`X_{(𝐠)}\overline{O}_{\tau _a}\overline{O}_{\tau _b}`$. So we have:

###### Theorem 5.2.1.

() If $`\tau _1[1]\tau _2[1]`$ generates an element of $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$, then for every pair $`g_{a_1}R(\tau _1)Int(\tau _1),g_{a_2}R(\tau _2)Int(\tau _2)`$, we have a unique 3-multisector $`X_{(𝐠)}`$, which is analytically isomorphic to $`\overline{O}_{\tau _1}\overline{O}_{\tau _2}`$. As we vary over $`\tau _1,\tau _2`$, we obtain all the 3-multisectors.

Since the fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$ of $`𝐏(Q)`$ for $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ has $`n+1`$ primitive 1-dimensional generators. If $`\tau _1`$ and $`\tau _2`$ are two cones of $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$, then we have that $`\tau _1[1]\tau _2[1]`$ form an element $`\tau =\tau _1[1]\tau _2[1]`$ of $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$, so $`\overline{O}_{\tau _1}\overline{O}_{\tau _2}`$ is an 3-multisector of $`𝐏(Q)`$. Moreover, we can prove the 3-multisectors of $`𝐏(Q)`$ are actually twisted sectors.

###### Theorem 5.2.2.

Let $`X=𝐏(Q)`$ be the weighted projective space of type $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. $`X_{(g_1)}`$ and $`X_{(g_2)}`$ are two twisted sectors of $`X`$, suppose they correspond to the cones $`\tau _1`$ and $`\tau _2`$ respectively, i.e. $`X_{(g_1)}=\overline{O}_{\tau _1}`$,$`X_{(g_2)}=\overline{O}_{\tau _2}`$. Then $`X_{(𝐠)}=X_{(g_1,g_2,(g_1g_2)^1)}`$ is still a twisted sector.

###### Proof.

First if $`\tau _1\tau _2`$, then from theorem 5.2.1, $`\tau _1[1]\tau _2[1]`$ generates $`\tau _2`$, so $`X_{(𝐠)}=\overline{O}_{\tau _2}=X_{(g_2)}`$.

If $`\tau _1[1]\tau _2[1]=\mathrm{}`$, let $`\tau =(\tau _1[1]\tau _2[1])`$, then $`X_{(𝐠)}=X_{(g_1,g_2,(g_1g_2)^1)}=\overline{O}_\tau `$. Since $`G_\tau =\{\mathrm{\Sigma }_{v_i\tau }a_iv_i|a_i[0,1)\}`$, we always can find an element $`gG_\tau `$ such that $`g=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{v_i\tau }a_iv_i,\text{all}a_i0`$. This follows if we take $`g_1=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{v_i\tau _1}a_iv_i(a_i0)`$ and $`g_2=\mathrm{\Sigma }_{v_i\tau _2}a_iv_i(a_i0)`$. From theorem 4.3.2, $`X_{(𝐠)}=\overline{O}_\tau =X_{(g)}`$.

If $`\tau _1`$ and $`\tau _2`$ do not satisfy the above two types of conditions, without loss of generality, we suppose

$$\tau _1=(v_0,\mathrm{},v_s),\tau _2=(v_0,\mathrm{},v_j,v_{s+1},\mathrm{},v_t),j<s,t>s.$$

then let $`\tau =\tau _1[1]\tau _2[1]=(v_0,\mathrm{},v_j,\mathrm{},v_s,v_{s+1},\mathrm{},v_t)`$. From proposition 4.3.3, we know $`\overline{O}_\tau =𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, where $`Q_\tau =(0,\mathrm{},0,q_{t+1},\mathrm{},q_n)`$. While $`\overline{O}_{\tau _1}=𝐏(Q_{\tau _1})`$, where $`Q_{\tau _1}=(0,\mathrm{},0,q_{s+1},\mathrm{},q_t,q_{t+1},\mathrm{},q_n)`$, $`\overline{O}_{\tau _2}=𝐏(Q_{\tau _2})`$, where $`Q_{\tau _2}=(0,\mathrm{},0,q_{j+1},\mathrm{},q_s,0,\mathrm{},0,q_{t+1},\mathrm{},q_n)`$. Let

$`(5.1)`$
$$d_1=gcd(q_{s+1,\mathrm{},q_n}),d_2=gcd(q_{j+1},\mathrm{},q_s,q_{t+1},\mathrm{},q_n)$$

So from theorem 4.3.5, $`(q_{s+1},\mathrm{},q_n)`$ and $`(q_{j+1},\mathrm{},q_s,q_{t+1},\mathrm{},q_n)`$ are the maximal subsets of $`(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ that satisfy the condition (5.1). We conclude that $`gcd(q_{t+1},\mathrm{},q_n)d_1d_2`$ and that $`(q_{t+1},\mathrm{},q_n)`$ must be the maximal subset of $`(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ that satisfies this condition. So from theorem 4.3.5., $`\overline{O}_\tau `$ is a twisted sector. ∎

###### Remark 5.2.3.

From the above theorem, every 3-multisector of weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$ of type $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ is actually a twisted sector, so we can refer to the Remark 4.3.6. to describe the orbifold structure of the 3-multisectors.

### 5.3. The Chen-Ruan Cohomology Rings of Weighted Projective Spaces.

In this section we discuss the key point of computing the ring structure of Chen-Ruan cohomology of weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$ of type $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, i.e., the orbifold cup product. The most important part for the orbifold cup product is the obstruction bundle which was constructed as follows.

Let $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ be a 3-multisector of $`X=𝐏(Q)`$, $`𝐠=(g_1,g_2,g_3)T_3^0`$. Let $`E_{(𝐠)}X_{(𝐠)}`$ be the obstruction bundle defined in the section 2.3.1. On the local chart $`(V_x^𝐠,C(𝐠),\pi )`$ of $`X_{(𝐠)}`$, $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is given by $`(TV_xH^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}\times V_x^𝐠V_x^𝐠`$, and the rank of $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is given by the formula(1.3).

$`(5.2)`$
$$rank_𝐂(E_{(𝐠)})=dim_𝐂(X_{(𝐠)})dim_𝐂(X)+\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=1}^3\iota _{(g_j)}$$

The orbifold cup product is defined by: let $`\eta _jH^{d_j}(X_{(g_j)};\text{Q})`$, for $`j=1,2,3`$. Define maps $`e_j:X_{(𝐠)}X_{(g_j)}`$ by $`(x,(\text{g})_x)(p,(g_j)_x)`$. Then

$`(5.3)`$
$$<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}=_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3e_A(E_{(𝐠)})$$

Where $`e_A(E_{(𝐠)})`$ is the Euler form computed from the connection $`A`$.

$`(5.4)`$
$$<\eta _1_{orb}\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}=<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}$$

From the above, we have the following proposition.

###### Proposition 5.3.1.

Let $`\alpha H_{orb}^{}(X_{(g_1)};𝐐)`$, $`\beta H_{orb}^{}(X_{(g_2)};𝐐)`$, $`𝐠=(g_1,g_2,g_3)T_3^0`$, if $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=1}^3\iota _{(g_j)}>n`$, then $`\alpha _{orb}\beta =0`$.

###### Proof.

From (5.2), we have $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=1}^3\iota _{(g_j)}n=rank_𝐂(E_{(𝐠)})dim_𝐂(X_{(𝐠)})`$. If $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=1}^3\iota _{(g_j)}>n`$, then $`rank_𝐂(E_{(𝐠)})>dim_𝐂(X_{(𝐠)})`$, so the integration (5.3) is zero, $`\alpha _{orb}\beta =0`$. ∎

Now in the next three sections we concretely discuss how to compute the 3-point function defined in (5.3).

### 5.4. $`𝐪_\mathrm{𝟎},\mathrm{},𝐪_𝐧`$ are mutually prime-A Simple Case.

Given a $`n+1`$-tuple $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. $`q_i^{}s`$ are mutually prime. Let $`𝐏(Q)`$ be the weighted projective space of type $`Q`$, then the orbifold singularities are the $`n+1`$ isolated points: $`p_i=[0,\mathrm{},i,\mathrm{}0](i=0,1,\mathrm{},n)`$ with local orbifold groups $`𝐙_{q_i}(i=0,1,\mathrm{},n)`$. If we let $`c_0,\mathrm{},c_n`$ be the generators of $`𝐙_{q_0},\mathrm{},𝐙_{q_n}`$ respectively, then we have $`q_01`$ twisted sectors isomorphic to $`X_{(c_0)}=p_0`$,$`\mathrm{}`$,$`q_n1`$ twisted sectors isomorphic to $`X_{(c_n)}=p_n`$. And we can also see that the 3-sectors are all isolated points.

If we have $`\alpha H^{}(X_{(g_1)};𝐐)`$,$`\beta H^{}(X_{(g_2)};𝐐)`$, then $`X_{(g_1,g_2,(g_1g_2)^1)}=\{pt\}`$ iff $`g_1,g_2`$ belong to some $`𝐙_{q_i}(i=0,1,\mathrm{},n)`$. Without loss of generality, we assume $`g_1,g_2𝐙_0`$, then from the formula (4.1.7) in ,

$`(5.5)`$
$$\alpha _{orb}\beta =\underset{(h_1,h_2),h_i(g_i)}{}(\alpha _{orb}\beta )_{(h_1,h_2)}$$

where

$`(5.6)`$
$$<(\alpha _{orb}\beta )_{(h_1,h_2)},\gamma >_{orb}=_{X_{(h_1,h_2)}}e_1^{}\alpha e_2^{}\beta e_3^{}\gamma e(E_{(𝐠)})$$

$`e_i:X_{(𝐠)}X_{(g_i)}`$ is the map mentioned above and $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is the obstruction bundle over $`X_{(𝐠)}`$. From the formula (4.2), the dimension of the bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is:

$$dim(e(E_{(𝐠)}))=2(\iota _{(g_1)}+\iota _{(g_2)}+\iota _{(g_3)})2n.$$

Because $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ is a point, so the integration (5.6) is nonzero iff $`\alpha H^0(X_{(g_1)};𝐐)`$,$`\beta H^0(X_{(g_2)};𝐐)`$,$`\gamma H^0(X_{(g_3)};𝐐)`$ and $`dim(e(E_{(𝐠)}))=0`$. At this moment $`\iota _{(g_1)}+\iota _{(g_2)}+\iota _{(g_3)}=n`$. Suppose $`\alpha `$ and $`\beta `$ are all generators. Let $`\gamma H^0(X_{(g_3)};𝐐)`$ is the generator. So the integration (5.6) is:

$$<(\alpha _{orb}\beta )_{(g_1,g_2)},\gamma >_{orb}=\frac{1}{|𝐙_{q_0}|}_{\{pt\}}e_1^{}\alpha e_2^{}\beta e_3^{}\gamma =\frac{1}{q_0}$$

If we let the $`\delta `$ be the generator of $`H^0(X_{(g_1g_2)};𝐐)`$, then the integration

$$<\delta ,\gamma >_{orb}=_{X_{(g_1g_2)}}\delta I^{}\gamma =\frac{1}{q_0}$$

So we have

$`(5.7)`$
$$\alpha _{orb}\beta =\delta .$$

###### Example 5.4.1.

For $`Q=(2,3,5)`$, $`𝐏(Q)=𝐏_{2,3,5}^2`$, we have $`q_0=2,q_1=3,q_2=5`$. From proposition 3.2.2., we have

$$C_0=\left(\begin{array}{cc}2& 1\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right)$$

So let $`v_1=(2,1),v_2=(0,1)`$, we have $`v_0=\frac{q_1}{q_0}v_1\frac{q_2}{q_0}v_2=(3,4)`$. The fan of $`𝐏_{2,3,4}^2`$ is generated by $`\{v_0,v_1,v_2\}`$. For $`\sigma _2=(v_0,v_1)=((3,4),(2,1))`$, we have $`G_{\sigma _2}=N/N_{\sigma _2}=𝐙_5`$. We write the matrix representation of the action of $`𝐙_5`$ on $`U_{\sigma _2^{^{}}}=𝐂^2`$ as follows.

$$\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{5}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{4}{5}}\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{5}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{3}{5}}\end{array}\right)$$

$$\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{3}{5}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{5}}\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{4}{5}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{5}}\end{array}\right)$$

For $`\sigma _1=((3,4),(0,1))`$, we have $`G_{\sigma _1}=𝐙_3`$. We write the matrix representation of the action of $`𝐙_3`$ on $`U_{\sigma _1^{^{}}}=𝐂^2`$ as follows.

$$\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}\end{array}\right)$$

And for $`\sigma _0=(v_1,v_2)=((2,1),(0,1))`$, we have $`G_{\sigma _0}=𝐙_2`$ and representation:

$$\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}\end{array}\right)$$

If we let

$$g_1=\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{5}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{4}{5}}\end{array}\right);g_2=\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}\end{array}\right);g_3=\left(\begin{array}{cc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}\end{array}\right)$$

then we have the twisted sectors: let $`p_0=[1,0,0],p_1=[0,1,0],p_2=[0,0,1]`$, $`X_{(g_1)}=X_{(g_1^2)}=X_{(g_1^3)}=X_{(g_1^4)}=p_0`$, $`X_{(g_2)}=X_{(g_2^2)}=p_1`$ and $`X_{(g_3)}=p_3`$.

Since

$$\begin{array}{c}\iota _{(g_1)}+\iota _{(g_1^4)}=2,\hfill \\ \iota _{(g_1^2)}+\iota _{(g_1^3)}=2,\hfill \\ \iota _{(g_2)}+\iota _{(g_2)}+\iota _{(g_2)}=2,\hfill \\ \iota _{(g_2)}+\iota _{(g_2^2)}=2,\hfill \\ \iota _{(g_3)}+\iota _{(g_3)}=2.\hfill \end{array}$$

Let $`\alpha _1,\alpha _2,\alpha _3,\alpha _4`$ be the generators of $`H^0(X_{(g_1)};𝐐),H^0(X_{(g_1^2)};𝐐),H^0(X_{(g_1^3)};𝐐),`$ $`H^0(X_{(g_1^4)};𝐐)`$ respectively, $`\beta _1,\beta _2`$ be the generators of $`H^0(X_{(g_2)};𝐐),H^0(X_{(g_2^2)};𝐐)`$, and $`\gamma `$ be the generators of $`H^0(X_{(g_3)};𝐐)`$. We also let $`e_0`$ be the generator of $`H^0(𝐏_{2,3,5}^2;𝐐)`$. So from the above discussion in section 5.4. and the formula (5.7), we have

$$\begin{array}{c}\alpha _1_{orb}\alpha _4=e_0,\hfill \\ \alpha _2_{orb}\alpha _3=e_0,\hfill \\ \beta _1_{orb}\beta _1=\beta _2,\hfill \\ \beta _1_{orb}\beta _2=e_0,\hfill \\ \gamma _{orb}\gamma =e_0.\hfill \end{array}$$

### 5.5. The Obstruction Bundle.

In this section we introduce a method to compute the obstruction bundle locally. Let $`E_{(𝐠}X_{(𝐠)}`$ be the obstruction bundle over the 3-multisector $`X_{(𝐠)}`$. For a weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$ of type $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. From theorem 5.2.2, every 3-multisector $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ is a twisted sector. Assume $`X_{(𝐠)}=\overline{O}_\tau =𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, $`\tau =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$ is a cone in the fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$, $`Q_\tau =(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ and $`gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)=d>1`$. So we have $`g_1,g_2,g_3𝐙_d`$ and $`g_1g_2g_3=1`$. $`𝐏(Q_\tau )=𝐏^n(0,\mathrm{},0,q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ is a hyperplane of $`𝐏(Q)`$. If we let $`o(g_1)=l,o(g_2)=q,o(g_3)=r`$, then $`l+q+r0(modd)`$. From section 2.3., the fundamental group of orbifold $`S^2(l,q,r)`$ is:

$$\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)=\{\lambda _1,\lambda _2,\lambda _3|\lambda _1^l=\lambda _2^q=\lambda _3^r=\lambda _1\lambda _2\lambda _3=1\}$$

Then $`\mathrm{\Gamma }=\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)`$ is a fuchsian group. Let $`\phi :\mathrm{\Gamma }𝐙_d`$ be the homomorphism defined by $`\lambda _ig_i`$ for $`i=1,2,3`$. Assume $`Im\phi =G=K(𝐠)`$, there is a Riemann surface $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ such that $`\mathrm{\Sigma }/K(𝐠)=S^2(l,q,r)`$. From , since the group $`K(𝐠)`$ is also a cyclic group, we can describe the $`(l,q,r)`$ as three cases:

$$\begin{array}{cc}(1)\hfill & (l,q,r)=(p,p,0),p>1;\hfill \\ (2)\hfill & (l,q,r)=(3,3,3),(2,3,6),(2,4,4);\hfill \\ (3)\hfill & (l,q,r)\text{is not the cases of (1) and (2)}.\hfill \end{array}$$

From (1) we can see that the Riemann surface $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=S^2`$ and the cyclic group $`𝐙_p`$ acts on $`S^2`$ with quotient $`S^2(p,p,0)`$. In the case (2), the three groups of values are the only choices such that the Riemann surface $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ is the torus. In this case, $`\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}+\frac{1}{r}=1`$. In the case (3), we know that the universal covering space of $`S^2(l,q,r)`$ is $`𝐇^2`$(Poincare disk model),then $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=𝐇^2/ker(\phi )`$. By Riemann-Hurwitz formula,

$`(5.8)`$
$$g(\mathrm{\Sigma })=\frac{|K(𝐠)|+2|K(𝐠)|(\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}+\frac{1}{r})}{2}$$

In this case $`\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}+\frac{1}{r}>1`$ and $`g(\mathrm{\Sigma })2`$.

Now we assume that the genus of $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ is $`g`$. Let $`\gamma _1,\mathrm{},\gamma _{2g}`$ is a canonical homological basis satisfying the following relations:

$$\{\begin{array}{cc}\gamma _i\gamma _{g+i}=1,i=1,\mathrm{},g;\hfill & \\ \gamma _i\gamma _j=0,\text{otherwise}.\hfill & \end{array}$$

Then by Riemann bilinear relation , the period matrix is: $`\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{I_g}{Z}\right)`$ such that:

$$\{\begin{array}{cc}a.)\hfill & Z=^tZ;\hfill \\ b.)\hfill & ImZ\text{is positively definitive}.\hfill \end{array}$$

Suppose $`\stackrel{ˇ}{\gamma }_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{ˇ}{\gamma }_{2g}`$ is the dual basis in $`H^1(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$, then there exists a basis $`\omega _1,\mathrm{},\omega _g`$ in $`H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ such that

$$(\omega _1,\mathrm{},\omega _g)=(\stackrel{ˇ}{\gamma }_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{ˇ}{\gamma }_{2g})\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{I_g}{Z}\right)$$

The element $`\lambda _1`$ in $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ acts on $`H^1(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ naturally. Let $`A^t`$ be the representation matrix of $`(\lambda _1)_{}`$ under the basis $`\gamma _1,\mathrm{},\gamma _{2g}`$, then $`\lambda _1^{}`$ acts on $`H^1(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$, the matrix representation is $`A`$. So:

$$\lambda _1^{}(\omega _1,\mathrm{},\omega _g)=(\stackrel{ˇ}{\gamma }_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{ˇ}{\gamma }_{2g})A\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{I_g}{Z}\right).$$

We know that $`A\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{I_g}{Z}\right)`$ is a $`2g\times g`$ matrix. Assume the matrix which consists of the first $`g`$ rows of the matrix $`A\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{I_g}{Z}\right)`$ is $`U`$. Since $`\lambda _1`$ is a holomorphic map, $`\lambda _1^{}`$ preserves the subspace $`H^{1,0}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$. So

$$\lambda _1^{}(\omega _1,\mathrm{},\omega _g)=(\omega _1,\mathrm{},\omega _g)U$$

We have

$$\lambda _1^{}(\omega _1,\mathrm{},\omega _g)=(\stackrel{ˇ}{\gamma }_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{ˇ}{\gamma }_{2g})\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{I_g}{Z}\right)U$$

Thus we can determine the matrix $`Z`$, and the matrix $`U`$ can also be determined. We know that $`H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })=\overline{H^{1,0}(\mathrm{\Sigma })}`$, so the basis of $`\overline{H^{1,0}(\mathrm{\Sigma })}`$ is $`\overline{\omega }_1,\mathrm{},\overline{\omega }_g`$, and

$`(5.9)`$
$$\lambda _1^{}(\overline{\omega }_1,\mathrm{},\overline{\omega }_g)=(\overline{\omega }_1,\mathrm{},\overline{\omega }_g)\overline{U}$$

Let $`U_j=\{[z]_Q𝐏_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n:z_j0\}𝐏_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n`$ for $`j=0,\mathrm{},n`$. Then since $`Q_\tau =(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, we see that $`X_{(𝐠)}=𝐏(Q_\tau )`$ can be covered by $`X_{(𝐠)}U_i,\mathrm{},X_{(𝐠)}U_n`$. From section 3.1, for $`ji`$, we have a bijective map $`\varphi _j`$ from $`U_j`$ to $`\text{C}^n/\mu _{q_j}(Q_{q_j})`$ given by

$$\varphi _j([z]_Q)=(\frac{z_0}{(z_j)^{q_0/q_j}},\mathrm{},\frac{\widehat{z_j}}{z_j},\mathrm{},\frac{z_n}{(z_j)^{q_n/q_j}})_{q_j}$$

So we choose the coordinates of $`𝐂^n=V_j`$ by $`(\frac{z_0}{(z_j)^{q_0/q_j}},\mathrm{},1,\mathrm{},\frac{z_n}{(z_j)^{q_n/q_j}})`$. If we let $`x_0=\frac{z_0}{(z_j)^{q_0/q_j}},\mathrm{},x_j=1,\mathrm{},x_n=\frac{z_n}{(z_j)^{q_n/q_j}}`$, then let $`p_j=[0,\mathrm{},1,\mathrm{},0]`$ be the point in $`V_j`$, $`(TV_j)_{p_j}`$ has the basis $`\frac{}{x_0},\mathrm{},\frac{}{x_n}`$, and the $`\lambda _1^{}=g_1`$ acts on $`(TV_j)_{p_j}`$ in the natural way. We denote the diagonal representation matrix of $`\lambda _1^{}`$ by $`D`$. So on $`(H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })(TV_j)_{p_j})`$ we have a basis:

$$\{\frac{}{x_0}\overline{\omega }_1,\frac{}{x_1}\overline{\omega }_1,\mathrm{},\frac{}{x_n}\overline{\omega }_1,\frac{}{x_0}\overline{\omega }_2,\mathrm{},\frac{}{x_n}\overline{\omega }_n\}.$$

and $`\lambda _1^{}=g_1`$ acts on $`(H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })(TV_j)_{p_j})`$, which the matrix representation is $`D\overline{U}`$. Because $`g_1,g_2,g_3`$ generate the cyclic group $`𝐙_d`$, and assume that the $`g_1`$ is a generator, so the matrix $`D\overline{U}`$ has eigenvalue $`1`$ with multiplicity $`e`$, where

$`(5.10)`$
$$e=dim_𝐂(e(E_{(𝐠)}))=dim_𝐂(X_{(𝐠)})n+\mathrm{\Sigma }_{j=1}^3\iota _{(g_j)}$$

So locally the obstruction bundle is generated by the $`e`$ eigenvectors $`\xi _1,\mathrm{},\xi _e`$.

Suppose $`\xi =\alpha \omega \left((TV_j)_{p_j}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })\right)^{K(𝐠)}`$, then $`\alpha `$ is a linear combination of $`\frac{}{x_0},\mathrm{},\frac{}{x_{i1}}`$, otherwise $`\omega `$ will be a harmonic form on $`S^2`$ because $`\omega `$ is $`K(𝐠)`$-invariant, so $`\omega =0`$. And also from the action of $`\lambda _1^{}=g_1`$ on $`(TV_j)_{p_j}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ and $`C(𝐠)`$ on the invariant subspace $`((TV_j)_{p_j}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{𝐙_d}`$, we see that each eigenvector $`\xi _t`$ can be written as the linear combination of $`\{\frac{}{x_t}\overline{\omega }_1,\mathrm{},\frac{}{x_t}\overline{\omega }_g\}`$ for some $`t`$ with $`0ti1`$.

Now assume $`ki`$, and $`U_kX_{(𝐠)}`$ is another open subset of $`X_{(𝐠)}`$. Let $`U_k=V_k/𝐙_k`$, from the above discussion, we can choose the coordinates of $`V_k`$ as:

$$\left(y_0=\frac{z_0}{(z_k)^{q_0/q_k}},\mathrm{},y_k=1,\mathrm{},y_n=\frac{z_n}{(z_k)^{q_n/q_k}}\right).$$

So we have a basis on $`(H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })(TV_k)_{p_k})`$:

$$\{\frac{}{y_0}\overline{\omega }_1,\frac{}{y_1}\overline{\omega }_1,\mathrm{},\frac{}{y_n}\overline{\omega }_1,\frac{}{y_0}\overline{\omega }_2,\mathrm{},\frac{}{y_n}\overline{\omega }_n\}.$$

Then we see that on the neighborhood $`U_kX_{(𝐠)}`$, the obstruction bundle is still generated by $`e`$ eigenvectors $`\xi _1^{^{}},\mathrm{},\xi _e^{^{}}`$. And $`\xi _l^{^{}}`$ can be obtained from $`\xi _l`$ by substituting $`\frac{}{y_l}`$ for $`\frac{}{x_l}`$. On the $`V_k`$, we have:

$`{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_0}}=\mathrm{\Sigma }{\displaystyle \frac{y_j}{x_0}}{\displaystyle \frac{}{y_j}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_0}}({\displaystyle \frac{x_0}{(x_k)^{q_0/q_k}}}){\displaystyle \frac{}{y_0}}`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{(x_k)^{q_0/q_k}}}{\displaystyle \frac{}{y_0}}`$
$`=`$ $`(y_j)^{q_0/q_j}{\displaystyle \frac{}{y_0}}`$
For the same computation, we also have:

$$\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{}{x_1}=(y_j)^{q_1/q_j}\frac{}{y_1};\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\mathrm{}\hfill \\ \frac{}{x_{i1}}=(y_j)^{q_{i1}/q_j}\frac{}{y_{i1}}.\hfill \end{array}$$

Assume on the neighborhood $`U_jX_{(𝐠)}`$, the eigenvectors $`\xi _1,\mathrm{},\xi _e`$ are generated by the linear combination of the tuples $`\{\frac{}{x_{t_1}}\overline{\omega }_1,\mathrm{},\frac{}{x_{t_1}}\overline{\omega }_g\},\mathrm{},\{\frac{}{x_{t_e}}\overline{\omega }_1,\mathrm{},\frac{}{x_{t_e}}\overline{\omega }_g\}`$ respectively for $`0t_1,\mathrm{},t_ei1`$. Then the transition function:

$$h_{kj}:(U_jX_{(𝐠)})\times 𝐂^e(U_jU_kX_{(𝐠)})\times 𝐂^e(U_jU_kX_{(𝐠)})\times 𝐂^e(U_kX_{(𝐠)})\times 𝐂^e$$

can be written as:

$`(5.11)`$
$$h_{kj}(x;c_1,\mathrm{},c_e)=(x;y_j^{q_{t_1}/q_j}(x)c_1,\mathrm{},y_j^{q_{t_e}/q_j}(x)c_e).$$

So locally the transition matrix is:

$$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}y_j^{q_{t_1}/q_j}(x)& & \\ & \mathrm{}& \\ & & y_j^{q_{t_e}/q_j}(x)\end{array}\right)$$

Then the obstruction bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ can be splited as the whitney sum of line bundles, let $`E_{(𝐠)}=_{l=1}^eE_l`$. Every line bundle $`E_l`$ is generated by $`\xi _l`$ on the neighborhood $`U_jX_{(𝐠)}`$. The group $`𝐙_d`$ acts diagonally on the obstruction bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$, so it acts on every line bundle $`E_l`$ naturally. Assume the matrix representation of the action of the generator of $`𝐙_d`$ on the obstruction bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is:

$$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}e^{2\pi i\frac{m_1}{d}}& & \\ & \mathrm{}& \\ & & e^{2\pi i\frac{m_e}{d}}\end{array}\right)$$

here $`0m_l<d,1le`$. Then we have the following facts. $`e^{2\pi i\frac{m_l}{d}}`$ is a $`d_l`$-root of $`1`$ for $`1le`$, and it is clear that $`d_l`$ is a divisor of $`d`$.

### 5.6. Computation of the 3-Point Function.

In this section we use the localization technique (,) to calculate the 3-point function defined in the orbifold cup product.

Let $`X=𝐏(Q)`$ be the weighted projective space of type $`Q=(q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$ and $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ be a 3-multisector. Then $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ is a twisted sector from theorem 5.2.2., assume $`X_{(𝐠)}=\overline{O}_\tau =𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, where $`Q_\tau =(0,\mathrm{},0,q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$,$`𝐠=(g_1,g_2,g_3)T_3^0`$ and $`\tau =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$ is a cone of the fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }=\{v_0,\mathrm{},v_n\}`$. The orbifold structure of $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ can be described in Remark 4.3.6., From (2.4), the key calculation of the orbifold cup product is to calculate the 3-point function:

$`(5.12)`$
$$<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}=_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3e_A(E_{(𝐠)})$$

where $`\eta _jH^{}(X_{(g_j)};\text{Q})`$, for $`j=1,2,3`$.

Now we analyze the integral formula (5.12). In order to compute conveniently, we prove that we always can suppose $`q_0=1`$. If $`q_01`$, let $`\stackrel{~}{Q}=(1,q_0,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, then $`𝐏_{q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^n𝐏(\stackrel{~}{Q})=𝐏_{1,q_0,\mathrm{},q_n}^{n+1}=Y`$ is a hypersurface which is obtained if by letting the first homogeneous coordinate of $`𝐏(\stackrel{~}{Q})`$ be zero. From theorem 4.3.5 and theorem 5.2.2, it is easy to see that $`𝐏(Q)`$ and $`𝐏(\stackrel{~}{Q})`$ have the same twisted sectors and 3-multisectors. Suppose that the matrix representations in $`𝐏(\stackrel{~}{Q})`$ corresponding to $`g_1,g_2,g_3`$ in $`𝐏(Q)`$ are $`\stackrel{~}{g}_1,\stackrel{~}{g}_2,\stackrel{~}{g}_3`$, then $`Y_{(\stackrel{~}{𝐠})}=Y_{(\stackrel{~}{g}_1,\stackrel{~}{g}_2,\stackrel{~}{g}_3)}=X_{(𝐠)}`$. The cohomological classes $`e_1^{}\eta _1,e_2^{}\eta _2,e_3^{}\eta _3`$ are invariant when they are taken as the cohomological classes of $`Y_{(\stackrel{~}{𝐠})}`$. Suppose the homogeneous coordinates of $`𝐏(\stackrel{~}{Q})`$ is $`𝐳=[z,z_0,\mathrm{},z_n]`$, let $`\stackrel{~}{U}_j=\{z_j0|𝐳𝐏(\stackrel{~}{Q})\}`$, $`(0jn)`$, $`\stackrel{~}{U}=\{z0|𝐳𝐏(\stackrel{~}{Q})\}`$, then $`Y_{(\stackrel{~}{𝐠})}`$ can be covered by $`_{j=i}^n\stackrel{~}{U}_jY_{(\stackrel{~}{𝐠})}`$. For the local chart $`\stackrel{~}{U}_j`$, let $`\stackrel{~}{U}_j=\stackrel{~}{V}_j/𝐙_{q_j}`$ and choose the coordinates of $`\stackrel{~}{V}_j`$ as $`(x=\frac{z}{(z_j)^{1/q_j}},x_0=\frac{z_0}{(z_j)^{q_0/q_j}},\mathrm{},x_n=\frac{z_n}{(z_j)^{q_n/q_j}})`$, so we have a base of $`(T\stackrel{~}{V}_j)_{p_j}`$: $`(\frac{}{x},\frac{}{x_0},\mathrm{},\frac{}{x_n})`$. Because the invariant subspace $`((TV_j)_{p_j}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{𝐙_d}`$ is generated by $`\xi _1,\mathrm{},\xi _e`$, and we can see that the space $`((TV_j)_{p_j}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{𝐙_d}((T\stackrel{~}{V}_j)_{\stackrel{~}{p}_j}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{𝐙_d}`$. We construct a new obstruction bundle $`E_{(\stackrel{~}{𝐠})}`$ over $`Y_{(\stackrel{~}{𝐠})}`$ as follows. On the local chart $`\stackrel{~}{U}_jY_{(\stackrel{~}{𝐠})}`$, this bundle is given by $`\stackrel{~}{V}_jH\times ((TV_j)_{p_j}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{𝐙_d}\stackrel{~}{V}_jH`$, where $`H=\{x=x_0=\mathrm{}=x_{i1}=0|𝐱\stackrel{~}{V}_j\}`$ is a hypersurface of $`\stackrel{~}{V}_j`$. It is easy to see that the transition function of this bundle is also given by (5.11), so it can also be splitted into the Whitney sum of line bundles. It is clear that $`E_{(\stackrel{~}{𝐠})}E_{(𝐠)}`$, so we have

$`(5.13)`$
$$_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3e_A(E_{(𝐠)})=_{Y_{(\stackrel{~}{𝐠})}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3e_{\stackrel{~}{A}}(E_{(\stackrel{~}{𝐠})})$$

So in the following analysis, we assume that $`q_0=1`$, and we give a formula to compute the integration (5.12).

First from Remark 4.3.6, we know that if $`d=gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)1`$, $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ is a nonreduced orbifold. From the discussion of section 5.5., let $`E_{(𝐠)}=_{l=1}^eE_l`$, then for every line bundle $`E_l`$, using the same method of Park and Poddar , consider the associated orbifold principal bundle $`P_l`$ of $`E_l`$ such that $`E_l=P_l\times _{S^1}𝐂`$. We know that there is a global action of $`𝐙_{d_l}`$ on each fibre $`F=S^1`$. The quotient $`P_l/𝐙_{d_l}`$ is again an orbifold principal bundle over the orbifold $`X_{(𝐠)}`$. Let $`\pi _l:P_lP_l/𝐙_{d_l}`$ be the quotient map, which extends to an orbifold bundle map. Choose an orbifold connection $`A_l`$ that is the pullback $`\pi _l^{}(A_l^{^{}})`$, where $`A_l^{^{}}`$ is an orbifold connection on the associated bundle $`E_l^{^{}}=(P_l/𝐙_{d_l})\times _{S^1}𝐂`$. The Lie algebra of $`F`$ can be identified with $`𝐑`$, then the induced map on the lie algebra $`(\pi _l)_{}:𝐑𝐑`$ is just given by $`ad_la`$.

Let $`\mathrm{\Omega }_l`$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }_l^{^{}}`$ be the curvature 2-forms for $`A_l`$ and $`A_l^{^{}}`$. By proposition 6.2 of , $`(\pi _l)^{}(\mathrm{\Omega }_l^{^{}})=d_l\mathrm{\Omega }_l`$. So

$`_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3e_A(E_{(𝐠)})=_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3\mathrm{\Pi }_{l=1}^ee_{A_l}(E_l)`$

$`(5.14)`$
$$=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Pi }_ld_l}_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3\mathrm{\Pi }_{l=1}^ee_{A_l^{^{}}}(E_l^{^{}})$$

Since the action of $`𝐙_{d_l}`$ in any uniformizing system of $`E_l^{^{}}`$ is trivial, $`E_l^{^{}}`$ induces an orbifold bundle $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ over the reduced orbifold $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ which has an induced connection $`A_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$. The connections $`A_l^{^{}}`$ and $`A_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ may be represented by the same 1-form over $`V`$ for $`(V\times 𝐂,G^{^{}}/𝐙_{d_l},\stackrel{~}{\pi }_1^{^{\prime \prime }})`$ of $`E_l^{^{}}`$ and $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ respectively. By Chern-Weil theory, $`\mathrm{\Omega }_l^{^{}}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ can therefore be represented by the same 2-form on $`V`$. We know that $`e_1^{}(\eta _1),e_2^{}(\eta _2)`$ and $`e_3^{}(\eta _3)`$ are invariant when taken as the cohomology classes of $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$. Since $`K(𝐠)`$ acts on $`X_{(𝐠)}`$ trivially, so from (2.1), we have:

$`(5.15)`$
$$_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3\mathrm{\Pi }_{l=1}^ee_{A_l^{^{}}}(E_l^{^{}})=\frac{1}{|𝐙_d|}_{X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3\mathrm{\Pi }_{l=1}^ee_{A_l^{^{\prime \prime }}}(E_l^{^{\prime \prime }})$$

Next we mainly discuss the method to calculate the integration in (5.15). From above $`X_{(𝐠)}=𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, $`Q_\tau =(0,\mathrm{},0,q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. So we have $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}=𝐏(Q_\tau /d)`$, $`Q_\tau /d=(q_i/d,\mathrm{},q_n/d),d=gcd(q_i,\mathrm{},q_n)`$. Let $`N_\tau `$ be the sublattice of $`N`$ generated by $`\tau =(v_0,\mathrm{},v_{i1})`$ and $`N(\tau )=N/N_\tau `$ be the quotient lattice. The fan of $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ is given by the projection of $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ to $`N(\tau )𝐑`$. The dual lattice of $`N(\tau )`$ is $`M(\tau )=\tau ^{}M`$. The torus $`T=spec(𝐂[M(\tau )])=O_\tau `$. The characters $`\chi ^m`$ correspond to rational functions on $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ when $`mM(\tau )`$. Then we can use the localization technique of , when reduced to orbifold, to calculate the integration (5.15).

We know $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ is a toric variety, $`T`$ acts on $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ and this action has $`ni+1`$ fixed points $`p_j`$ for $`ijn`$. We let $`\{\rho _i\}`$ be the basic characters of $`T`$ action and $`\{\lambda _i\}`$ be the parameters of the lie algebra $`t_𝐂`$ of $`T`$ corresponding to the above base $`\{\rho _i\}`$. Because $`q_0=1`$, it is clear that the matrix $`C_0`$ defined in proposition 3.2.2 is the unit matrix. We compute that the fan of the weighted projective space $`𝐏(Q)`$ is generated by $`v_0,\mathrm{},v_n`$, where $`v_0=(q_1,\mathrm{},q_n)`$, $`v_j=e_j`$ for $`1jn`$. Let $`\{m_1,\mathrm{},m_n\}`$ be the standard basis of $`M`$, we calculate the base of $`M(\tau )`$ as:

$$\left\{\rho _1=\frac{q_n}{d}m_i\frac{q_i}{d}m_n,\mathrm{},\rho _r=\frac{q_n}{d}m_j\frac{q_j}{d}m_n,\mathrm{},\rho _{ni}=\frac{q_n}{d}m_{n1}\frac{q_{n1}}{d}m_n\right\}$$

where $`j=i+r1`$. We first study the action of $`T`$ on the normal bundle of $`p_j`$, i.e., the orbifold tangent space $`(TX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})_{p_j}`$.

Consider the fixed points $`p_j(ijn1)`$. Denote the local coordinates on a uniformizing system of $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ around $`p_j`$ by: $`[x_i,\mathrm{},1,\mathrm{},x_n]`$. Let $`m^1=a_1\rho _1+\mathrm{}+a_{ni}\rho _{ni}`$, and $`<m^1,v_i>=1`$, $`<m^1,v_k>=0`$ for $`k>i,kj`$. Then we have $`a_r=\frac{dq_i}{q_nq_j},a_1=\frac{d}{q_n}`$, so $`\chi ^{m^1}=x_i`$. Similarly, we compute $`\chi ^{m^t}=x_t`$ for $`tr,ni`$, $`m^t=\frac{d}{q_n}\rho _t\frac{dq_{i+t1}}{q_nq_j}\rho _r`$. Using the same method, let $`m^{ni}=a_1\rho _1+\mathrm{}+a_{ni}\rho _{ni}`$, and $`<m^{ni},v_k>=0`$ for $`ki,kj,n`$, $`<m^{ni},v_n>=1`$, we have $`a_r=\frac{d}{q_j}`$, $`m^{ni}=\frac{d}{q_j}\rho _r`$, $`\chi ^{m^{ni}}=x_n`$. So the $`T`$-equivariant Euler class of normal bundle of $`p_j(ijn)`$ is given by

$`(5.16)`$
$$e_T\left(\nu _{p_j}\right)=\left(\frac{d}{q_j}\lambda _r\right)\underset{kr}{}\frac{d}{q_n}\left(\lambda _k\frac{q_{i+k1}}{q_j}\lambda _r\right)$$

Now we consider the fixed point $`p_n`$, the local coordinates of the uniformizing system of $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ is $`[w_i,\mathrm{},w_{n1},1]`$. Using the same method, we obtain the $`T`$-equivariant Euler class of normal bundle of $`p_n(ijn)`$ is given by

$`(5.17)`$
$$e_T(\nu _{p_n})=\underset{k=1}{\overset{ni}{}}\frac{d}{q_n}\lambda _k$$

Since $`e_1^{}(\eta _1),e_2^{}(\eta _2)`$ and $`e_3^{}(\eta _3)`$ all belong to $`H^{}(X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}},𝐐)`$. From the ordinary ring structure of weighted projective space in section 5.1, we only consider $`\xi _1H^2(X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}},𝐐)`$, the generator of $`H^2(X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}},𝐐)=𝐐`$. Suppose $`LX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ be the canonical line bundle whose first chern-class is $`\xi _1`$. The corresponding Cartier divisior is $`D=D_1D_2\mathrm{}D_{i1}D_i+\mathrm{}+D_1D_2\mathrm{}D_{i1}D_n`$, where $`D_j=\{z_j=0\}𝐏(Q)`$ is the basic divisor. Then from Oda , in the neighbor $`U_jX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$, $`(ijn1)`$, let $`m=u_1\rho _1+\mathrm{}+u_{ni}\rho _{ni}`$, and $`<m,v_i>=1`$,$`\mathrm{}`$, $`<m,v_{j1}>=1`$, $`<m,v_{j+1}>=1`$,$`\mathrm{}`$,$`<m,v_n>=1`$, then we calculate $`m=_{kr}\frac{d}{q_n}\rho _k\frac{d}{q_n}(_{kr}\frac{q_{k+i1}}{q_j})\rho _r`$, where $`j=i+r1`$. So the divisor $`D`$ is given by the rational function $`\chi ^m`$ on $`U_jX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$. Similarly, it is given by the rational function $`\chi ^m=\chi ^{\frac{d}{q_n}(\rho _1+\mathrm{}+\rho _{ni})}`$ on $`U_nX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$. Hence the action of $`T`$ on the corresponding line bundle of $`D`$ at the fixed points $`p_j`$ has weights

$`(5.18)`$
$$\text{On}p_j,(ijn1):\underset{kr}{}\frac{d}{q_n}\lambda _k\frac{d}{q_n}\left(\underset{kr}{}\frac{q_{k+i1}}{q_j}\right)\lambda _r$$

$`(5.19)`$
$$\text{On}p_n:\frac{d}{q_n}\underset{k}{}\lambda _k$$

On the other hand, we also can write $`e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3=a(\xi _1)^s`$, $`a𝐐`$, $`s`$ is an integer.

Now we analyze the Euler form $`e(E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }})`$. From section 5.5., we compute the local generated vectors of the obstruction bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$, and $`E_{(𝐠)}=_{l=1}^eE_l`$. For each line bundle $`E_l`$, from (5.11), we have the transition function of $`E_l`$ as

$$h_{jn}(x,c)=(x,x_n^{q_{t_l}/q_n}(x)c),(ijn1)$$

Because the line bundle $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ is the reduction of $`E_l`$ under the $`𝐙_{d_l}`$-invariant homomorphism, the transition function of the line bundle $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$

$$(U_nX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times c(U_nU_jX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times c(U_nU_jX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times c(U_jX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times c$$

is given by

$$h_{jn}(x,c)=(x,(x_n^{q_{t_l}/q_n})^{d_l}(x)c),(ijn1)$$

So we can define the action of $`T`$ on $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }}=_{l=1}^eE_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ as follows, on the line bundle $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$:

$$\begin{array}{cc}(1)\hfill & t(x,c)=(tx,c)=(tx,\chi ^0(t)c),tT,(x,c)(U_nX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂;\hfill \\ (2)\hfill & t(x,c)=(tx,(x_n^{q_{t_l}/q_n})^{d_l}(t)c)=(tx,(\chi ^{\frac{d}{q_j}\rho _r})^{\frac{q_{t_l}d_l}{q_n}}(t)c),\hfill \\ & tT,(x,c)(U_jX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂.\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`(ijn1),j=i+r1`$. Then the action of $`T`$ on $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ at the fixed points $`p_n,p_j(ijn1)`$ has weights

$`(5.20)`$
$$0,\frac{q_{t_l}d_l}{q_n}\frac{d}{q_j}\lambda _r.$$

So from the localization formula, when we consider the orbifold $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$, see Corollary 9.13 in , we have the integration

$$_{X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3\mathrm{\Pi }_{l=1}^ee_{A_l^{^{\prime \prime }}}(E_l^{^{\prime \prime }})=\frac{a\left(\frac{d}{q_n}_{k=1}^{ni}\lambda _k\right)^s0}{a_n_{k=1}^{ni}\frac{d}{q_n}\lambda _k}+$$

$`(5.21)`$
$$\underset{j=i}{\overset{n1}{}}\frac{a\left[_{kr}\frac{d}{q_n}\lambda _k\frac{d}{q_n}\left(_{kr}\frac{q_{k+i1}}{q_j}\right)\lambda _r\right]^s_{l=1}^e\left(\frac{q_{t_l}d_l}{q_n}\frac{d}{q_j}\lambda _r\right)}{a_j\left(\frac{d}{q_j}\lambda _r\right)_{kr}\frac{d}{q_n}\left(\lambda _k\frac{q_{i+k1}}{q_j}\lambda _r\right)}$$

Where $`j=i+r1`$, $`a_j`$ is the order of the local cyclic group of $`p_j`$ in the orbifold $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$.

### 5.7. Example.

In this example we use the methods of the above sections to calculate the 3-point functions. Let $`Q=(1,2,2,3,3,3)`$ and $`𝐏(Q)=𝐏_{1,2,2,3,3,3}^5`$ be the weighted projective space of type $`Q`$, then $`q_0=1,q_1=q_2=2,q_3=q_4=q_5=3`$. From proposition 3.2.2., we have $`C_0=I_{5\times 5}`$. So let $`v_1=e_1,v_2=e_2,v_3=e_3,v_4=e_4,v_5=e_5,v_0=\mathrm{\Sigma }\frac{q_i}{q_0}v_i=(2,2,3,3,3)`$. The fan $`\mathrm{\Xi }`$ of $`𝐏_{1,2,2,3,3,3}^5`$ is generated by $`\{v_0,v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4,v_5\}`$. For $`\sigma _5=(v_0,v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4)`$, we have $`G_{\sigma _5}=N/N_{\sigma _5}=𝐙_3`$. We write the matrix representation of the action of $`𝐙_3`$ on $`U_{\sigma _5^{^{}}}=𝐂^5`$ as follows.

$$\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)$$

$$\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)$$

For $`\sigma _4=(v_0,v_1,v_2,v_3,v_5)`$, and $`\sigma _3=(v_0,v_1,v_2,v_4,v_5)`$, we have $`G_{\sigma _4}=G_{\sigma _3}=𝐙_3`$. The actions of $`𝐙_3`$ on $`U_{\sigma _4^{^{}}}=U_{\sigma _3^{^{}}}=𝐂^5`$ are the same as above.

For $`\sigma _2=(v_0,v_1,v_3,v_4,v_5)`$. We write the matrix representation of the action of $`𝐙_2`$ on $`U_{\sigma _2^{^{}}}=𝐂^5`$ as follows.

$$\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right);\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}\end{array}\right)$$

For $`\sigma _1=(v_0,v_2,v_3,v_4,v_5)`$, we have $`G_{\sigma _1}=𝐙_2`$. The actions of $`𝐙_2`$ on $`U_{\sigma _1^{^{}}}=𝐂^5`$ is the same as above.

For $`\sigma _0=(v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4,v_5)`$, $`G_{\sigma _0}=1`$, and the action is trivial. If we let

$$g_1=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{3}}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right);g_2=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& e^{2\pi i\frac{1}{2}}\end{array}\right)$$

Then we have the twisted sectors: $`X_{(g_1)}=X_{(g_1^2)}=𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, where $`Q_\tau =(0,0,0,3,3,3)`$, $`\tau =(v_0,v_1,v_2)`$; $`X_{(g_2)}=𝐏(Q_\delta )`$, $`Q_\delta =(0,2,2,0,0,0),\delta =(v_0,v_3,v_4,v_5)`$. The degree shifting numbers: $`\iota _{(g_1)}=\frac{5}{3},\iota _{(g_1^2)}=\frac{4}{3},\iota _{(g_2)}=2`$. So the Chen-Ruan cohomology group of $`𝐏_{1,2,2,3,3,3}^5`$ is:

$`H_{orb}^d(𝐏_{1,2,2,3,3,3}^5;𝐐)`$ $`=`$ $`H^d(𝐏_{1,2,2,3,3,3}^5;𝐐)`$
$``$ $`H^{d\frac{10}{3}}(𝐏(Q_\tau );𝐐)`$
$``$ $`H^{d\frac{8}{3}}(𝐏(Q_\tau );𝐐)`$
$``$ $`H^{d4}(𝐏(Q_\delta );𝐐)`$
All the 3-multisectors are: $`X_{(g_1,g_1,g_1)}=X_{(g_1^2,g_1^2,g_1^2)}=𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, $`X_{(g_1,g_1^2,1)}=𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, $`X_{(g_2,g_2,1)}=𝐏(Q_\delta )`$. In the 3-multisectors $`X_{(g_1,g_1^2,1)}`$ and $`X_{(g_2,g_2,1)}`$, from (5.2), the dimension of the obstruction bundle of these two 3-multisectors are all zero, so the integration (5.3) is the usual integration on orbifold. The orbifold cup product can be described easily.

For the 3-multisector $`X_{(g_1^2,g_1^2,g_1^2)}`$, the dimension of the obstruction bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is 1. Let $`X_{(𝐠)}=X_{(g_1^2,g_1^2,g_1^2)}`$, $`\eta _jH^{}(X_{(g_1^2)};𝐐),(j=1,2,3)`$, then

$`(5.22)`$
$$<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}=_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3e_A(E_{(𝐠)})$$

Next we use the localization formula (5.21) to compute the 3-point function (5.22). First we describe the obstruction bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ over $`X_{(𝐠)}`$. We see that $`g_1^2`$ generates the cyclic group $`𝐙_3`$, so $`K(𝐠)=𝐙_3`$. To describe the obstruction bundle, we consider the orbifold sphere $`(S^2,(x_1,x_2,x_3),(3,3,3))`$, the orbifold fundamental group is:

$$\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)=\left\{\lambda _1,\lambda _2,\lambda _3\right|\lambda _i^3=1,\lambda _1\lambda _2\lambda _3=1\}.$$

Its orbifold universal cover is the Euclidean plane $`E^2`$(). We use the triangle group model $`\mathrm{}^{}(p,q,r)`$ for $`\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}+\frac{1}{r}=1`$. Then from , the full triangle group $`\mathrm{}^{}(p,q,r)`$ is defined to be the triangle group of isometries of $`E^2`$ generated by the reflexions $`L`$,$`M`$ and $`N`$ in the three sides $`YZ`$,$`ZX`$ and $`XY`$ of $`\mathrm{}`$. In each case, it is easy to see that the translates of $`\mathrm{}`$ by $`\mathrm{}^{}(3,3,3)`$ title $`E^2`$. This tiling is shown in .

Now $`\mathrm{}^{}(3,3,3)`$ has a natural subgroup of index two-the orientation preserving subgroup which is denoted $`\mathrm{}(3,3,3)`$. The product $`LM`$ of two of the generating reflexions of $`\mathrm{}^{}(3,3,3)`$ is a rotation through $`2\pi /3`$ about $`Z`$ and $`MN`$ and $`NL`$ are also rotations. Write $`LM=\lambda _1`$, $`MN=\lambda _2`$, $`NL=\lambda _3`$ so that $`\lambda _1,\lambda _2,\lambda _3`$ are rotations about $`Z,X,Y`$ respectively, see Figure.1. Clearly $`\lambda _1,\lambda _2,\lambda _3`$ lie in $`\mathrm{}(3,3,3)`$ and one can show that they generate it. So $`\mathrm{}(3,3,3)=\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)`$, and $`E^2/\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)=S^2(3,3,3)`$. Let $`P=\mathrm{}L\mathrm{}`$, then the $`E^2/\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)`$ is obtained from the fundamental region $`=P`$ by the following manner: $`XZ`$ identified with $`LXZ`$, and $`XY`$ identified with $`LXY`$.

Consider the homomorphism $`\rho :\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)K(𝐠)=𝐙_3`$ given by $`\lambda _ig_1^2`$. $`ker(\rho )`$ is a normal subgroup generated by commutators of $`\lambda _i`$ and the element $`\lambda _1\lambda _2^1`$. $`ker(\rho )`$ acts freely on $`E^2`$ with quotient being the hexigon shown in Figure.2.

Suppose $`\alpha =\stackrel{}{ouw}`$, $`\beta =\stackrel{}{wvx}`$. Then we obtain a symplectic basis $`\{a,b\}=\{\alpha ,\beta \}`$ for $`H_1(\mathrm{\Sigma };𝐙)`$. Taking the Universal Coefficients Theorem dual, we obtain a canonical symplectic basis $`\{\stackrel{ˇ}{\alpha },\stackrel{ˇ}{\beta }\}`$ for $`H^1(\mathrm{\Sigma };𝐙)`$. From Riemann bilinear relation in , we know that there exists a complex basis $`\omega `$ for $`H^{1,0}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ such that its period matrix with respect to the $`a`$-class is the identity matrix and its period matrix with respect to the $`b`$-class is a symmetric complex matrix $`R=(r)`$ with $`ImR`$ a positive matrix. Here we can write $`\omega =\stackrel{ˇ}{\alpha }+r\stackrel{ˇ}{\beta }`$.

The rotation $`\lambda _1`$ induces the following map on $`\pi _1(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$:

$$\{\begin{array}{c}\alpha \beta ^1;\hfill \\ \beta \alpha \beta ^1.\hfill \end{array}$$

Hence the automorphism $`(\lambda _1)_{}:H_1(\mathrm{\Sigma })H_1(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ can be expressed in the matrix:

$$\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 1& 1\end{array}\right)$$

with respect to the basis $`\{\alpha ,\beta \}`$. The automorphism $`\lambda _1^{}:H^1(\mathrm{\Sigma })H^1(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ can be expressed by the matrix:

$$A=\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 1& 1\end{array}\right)$$

with respect to the dual basis $`\{\stackrel{ˇ}{\alpha },\stackrel{ˇ}{\beta }\}`$, which is the transpose of the above matrix.

From the matrix $`A`$, we calculate that $`\lambda _1^{}\omega =r\stackrel{ˇ}{\alpha }+(r+1)\stackrel{ˇ}{\beta }`$. Since $`\lambda _1`$ is a holomorphic map, $`\lambda _1^{}`$ preserves the subspace $`H^{1,0}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$. Hence $`\lambda _1^{}\omega `$ can be expressed as complex linear combination of $`\omega `$, so we have $`\lambda _1^{}\omega =r\omega `$. We obtain $`r^2=r+1`$, $`r=\frac{1\pm \sqrt{3}i}{2}`$. While $`ImR>0`$, $`r=\frac{1+\sqrt{3}i}{2}`$. Because $`H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })=\overline{H^{1,0}(\mathrm{\Sigma })}`$, $`H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ is generated by $`\overline{\omega }`$, $`\overline{\omega }=\stackrel{ˇ}{\alpha }+\overline{r}\stackrel{ˇ}{\beta }`$

Now let $`\tau =(v_0,v_1,v_2)`$, then $`\overline{O}_\tau =X_{(𝐠)}`$. Suppose $`U_i=\{z_i0\}`$, then $`X_{(𝐠)}=(X_{(𝐠)}U_3)(X_{(𝐠)}U_4)(X_{(𝐠)}U_5)`$. Let $`U_3=V_3/𝐙_3`$, $`U_4=V_4/𝐙_3`$, $`U_5=V_5/𝐙_3`$, from section 5.5., the coordinates of $`V_3`$,$`V_4`$ and $`V_5`$ are:

$$\begin{array}{cc}V_5:\hfill & \left\{x_0=\frac{z_0}{(z_5)^{1/3}},x_1=\frac{z_1}{(z_5)^{2/3}},x_2=\frac{z_2}{(z_5)^{2/3}},x_3=\frac{z_3}{z_5},x_4=\frac{z_4}{z_5},x_5=1\right\};\hfill \\ V_4:\hfill & \left\{y_0=\frac{z_0}{(z_4)^{1/3}},y_1=\frac{z_1}{(z_4)^{2/3}},y_2=\frac{z_2}{(z_4)^{2/3}},y_3=\frac{z_3}{z_4},y_4=1,y_5=\frac{z_5}{z_4}\right\};\hfill \\ V_3:\hfill & \left\{w_0=\frac{z_0}{(z_3)^{1/3}},w_1=\frac{z_1}{(z_3)^{2/3}},w_2=\frac{z_2}{(z_3)^{2/3}},w_3=1,w_4=\frac{z_4}{z_3},w_5=\frac{z_5}{z_3}\right\}.\hfill \end{array}$$

For the chart $`(V_5,𝐙_3,\pi _5)`$, $`TV_5|_{p_5}`$ has framing $`\{\frac{}{x_0},\frac{}{x_1},\frac{}{x_2},\frac{}{x_3},\frac{}{x_4}\}`$. So $`TV_5|_{p_5}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ has framing

$$\{\frac{}{x_0}\overline{\omega },\frac{}{x_1}\overline{\omega },\frac{}{x_2}\overline{\omega },\frac{}{x_3}\overline{\omega },\frac{}{x_4}\overline{\omega }\}$$

Because $`\lambda _1^{}\overline{\omega }=\overline{r}\overline{\omega }`$, and the action of $`\lambda _1^{}`$ on $`TV_5|_{p_5}`$ is expressed by the matrix $`g_1^2`$, so the representation matrix of the action of $`\lambda _1^{}`$ on $`TV_5|_{p_5}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ is:

$$()\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& \frac{1}{2}\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& \frac{1}{2}\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& \frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i\end{array}\right)$$

So the matrix $`()`$ has eigenvalue 1 with multiplication one, and the corresponding eigenvector is $`(1,0,0,0,0)`$, the generator of $`(TV_5|_{p_5}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}`$ is $`\xi _0\overline{\omega }=\frac{}{x_0}\overline{\omega }`$. Similarly, we compute the generator of $`(TV_4|_{p_4}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}`$ is $`\xi _0^{^{}}\overline{\omega }=\frac{}{y_0}\overline{\omega }`$ and the generator of $`(TV_3|_{p_3}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}`$ is $`\xi _0^{^{\prime \prime }}\overline{\omega }=\frac{}{w_0}\overline{\omega }`$.

Now we describe the local uniformizing charts for $`E_{(𝐠)}`$:

$``$ $`xX_{(𝐠)}`$, then $`C(𝐠)=G_x=K(𝐠)=𝐙_3`$, and $`(V_x^𝐠\times 𝐂,K(𝐠),\stackrel{~}{\pi })`$ is a uniformizing system for $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ where $`K(𝐠)`$ acts on $`V_x^𝐠\times 𝐂`$ by: $`g_1^2(u,v)=(u,e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}v)`$.

The bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is a line bundle, $`dim_𝐂X_{(𝐠)}=2`$, so the 3-point function (5.22) is nonzero only if there is some $`\eta _iH^2(X_{(g_1)};𝐐)`$. Without loss of generality, assume $`\eta _1H^2(X_{(g_1^2)};𝐐)`$, $`\eta _2H^0(X_{(g_1^2)};𝐐)`$, $`\eta _3H^0(X_{(g_1^2)};𝐐)`$. In this case

$`(5.23)`$
$$<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}=\eta _2\eta _3_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}\eta _1e_A(E_{(𝐠)})$$

From the first part of this section, we see that in this case, the orbifold principal $`S^1`$ bundle is $`P_{(𝐠)}`$, and let $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}=(P_{(𝐠)}/K(𝐠))\times _{S^1}𝐂`$ over $`X_{(𝐠)}`$. $`\pi _{K(𝐠)}:P_{(𝐠)}P_{(𝐠)}/K(𝐠)`$. Note that $`\pi _{K(𝐠)}`$ on each fibre is given by $`zz^3`$. The lie algebra of $`F=S^1`$ can be identified with $`𝐑`$. Hence the induced map on the lie algebra $`(\pi _{K(𝐠)})_{}:𝐑𝐑`$ is just multiplication by 3, so from (5.14)

$$_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}\eta _1e_A(E_{(𝐠)})=\frac{1}{3}_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}\eta _1e_A^{^{}}(E_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})$$

Where $`A`$ and $`A^{^{}}`$ is the connections of $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ and $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ such that $`\pi _{K(𝐠)}^{}(A^{^{}})=A`$. Then $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ induces an orbifold bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ over the reduced orbifold $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$, from (5.15)

$$_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}\eta _1e_A^{^{}}(E_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})=\frac{1}{3}_{X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}}^{orb}\eta _1e_{A^{^{\prime \prime }}}(E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }})$$

Where $`A^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ is the connection of $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ induced from $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$. So we obtain

$`(5.24)`$
$$_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}\eta _1e_A(E_{(𝐠)})=\frac{1}{9}_{X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}}^{orb}\eta _1e_{A^{^{\prime \prime }}}(E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }})$$

We now compute the integration $`_{X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}}^{orb}\eta _1e_{A^{^{\prime \prime }}}(E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }})`$ in (5.24). The uniformizing system of $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ over $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ can be described as follows.

$``$ $`xX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$, then $`C(𝐠)/K(𝐠)=1`$ is the trivial group.

Now we use the localization technique to calculate the integration (5.24). Note that $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}=O_\tau `$, $`\tau =(v_0,v_1,v_2)`$, then $`N(\tau )=N/N_\tau `$, where $`N_\tau `$ is the sublattice generated by $`\tau `$, and $`M(\tau )=\tau ^{}M`$. The 2-torus associated to $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ is $`T=spec(𝐂[M(\tau )])=O_\tau `$. The characters $`\chi ^m`$ correspond to rational functions on $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ when $`mM(\tau )`$. Let $`\{m_1,m_2,m_3,m_4,m_5\}`$ be the standard basis of $`M`$. Then $`\{\rho _1=m_3m_5,\rho _2=m_4m_5\}`$ is a basis for $`M(\tau )`$. The $`T`$-action on $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ has three fixed points $`p_3,p_4,p_5`$. First we study the action of $`T`$ on the normal bundle of $`p_3,p_4`$ and $`p_5`$, i.e., the orbifold tangent space of $`p_3,p_4`$ and $`p_5`$.

From (5.16) and (5.17), of course we can compute using the same method as in section 5.6, we see that the $`T`$-equivariant Euler class of the normal bundle of $`p_5`$ is given by $`e_T\left(\nu _{p_5}\right)=\lambda _1\lambda _2`$, and we also have: $`e_T\left(\nu _{p_4}\right)=(\lambda _1\lambda _2)(\lambda _2)`$, $`e_T\left(\nu _{p_3}\right)=(\lambda _1+\lambda _2)(\lambda _1)`$. In particular, we have $`\chi ^{\rho _2}=y_5`$ in the neighborhood $`V_4`$, and $`\chi ^{\rho _1}=\omega _5`$ in the neighborhood $`V_5`$.

The orbifold line bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ is trivialized by the generator $`\frac{}{x_0}\overline{\omega }`$ on $`U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$, $`\frac{}{y_0}\overline{\omega }`$ on $`U_4X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$, and $`\frac{}{w_0}\overline{\omega }`$ on $`U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$. On $`V_4`$: $`\frac{}{x_0}=\frac{y_j}{x_0}\frac{}{y_j}=\frac{}{x_0}(\frac{x_0}{x_4^{1/3}})\frac{}{y_0}=y_5^{1/3}\frac{}{y_0}`$; On $`V_3`$: $`\frac{}{x_0}=\frac{w_j}{x_0}\frac{}{w_j}=\frac{}{x_0}(\frac{x_0}{x_3^{1/3}})\frac{}{w_1}=w_5^{1/3}\frac{}{w_0}`$. So the transition function:

$$h_{45}:(U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_4U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_4U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_4X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂$$

can be written as:

$$h_{45}(x,c)=(x,(y_5^{1/3})^3(x)c).$$

The transition function

$$h_{35}:(U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_5U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_5U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂$$

is

$$h_{35}(x,c)=(x,(w_5^{1/3})^3(x)c)$$

So we can define the $`T`$ action on $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ by

$$\begin{array}{cc}(1)\hfill & t(x,c)=(tx,c)=(tx,\chi ^0(t)c),tT,(x,c)(U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂;\hfill \\ (2)\hfill & t(x,c)=(tx,y_5(t)c)=(tx,\chi ^{\rho _2}(t)c),tT,(x,c)(U_4X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂;\hfill \\ (3)\hfill & t(x,c)=(tx,w_5(t)c)=(tx,\chi ^{\rho _1}(t)c),tT,(x,c)(U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂.\hfill \end{array}$$

Then the action of $`T`$ on $`E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ at the fixed points $`p_5,p_4,p_3`$ has weights $`0,(\lambda _2),(\lambda _1)`$ respectively. we see that this can be calculated from (5.18) and (5.19).

Since $`\eta _1H^2(X_{(g_1^2)};𝐐)`$, so we can associate $`\eta _1`$ with a weil divisor $`\{U_\sigma ,\chi ^{m^\sigma }\}`$. As before the transition functions $`h_{\tau \sigma }:U_\sigma \times 𝐂U_{\sigma \tau }\times 𝐂U_{\sigma \tau }\times 𝐂U_\tau \times 𝐂`$ for the line bundle are given by $`h_{\tau \sigma }(x,c)=(x,\chi ^{(m_\sigma m_\tau )}(x)c)`$. Then one can define a $`T`$\- action on the bundle that makes it a $`T`$-equivariant bundle () as follows:$`t(x,c)=(tx,\chi ^{m_\sigma }(t)c)`$ for $`tT`$ and $`(x,c)U_\sigma \times 𝐂`$.

Suppose $`D_i=\{z_i=0\}(i=0,1,2,3,4,5)`$ are the divisors of $`X`$. We see that the divisor of $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ can be expressed as the combination of $`D_0D_1D_2D_3,D_0D_1D_2D_4,D_0D_1D_2D_5`$. We consider the general $`\eta _1`$, and suppose it can be expressed as $`D=a_3D_0D_1D_2D_3+a_4D_0D_1D_2D_4+a_5D_0D_1D_2D_5`$. Then in $`U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$, suppose $`m=u_1\rho _1+u_2\rho _2`$, let $`<m,v_3>=a_3,<m,v_4>=a_4`$, then $`u_1=a_3,u_2=a_4`$, $`\chi ^m=\chi ^{a_3\rho _1+a_4\rho _2}`$. The divisor $`D`$ is given by the rational function $`\chi ^{a_3\rho _1+a_4\rho _2}`$ on $`U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$. Similarly, it is given by the rational function $`\chi ^m=\chi ^{a_3\rho _1(a_5+a_3)\rho _2}`$ on $`U_4X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ and $`\chi ^{(a_5+a_4)\rho _1+a_4\rho _2}`$ on $`U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$. Hence the action of $`T`$ on the corresponding line bundle of $`\eta _1`$ at the fixed points $`p_5,p_4`$ and $`p_3`$ has weights $`a_3\lambda _1+a_4\lambda _2,a_3\lambda _1(a_5+a_3)\lambda _2`$ and $`(a_5+a_4)\lambda _1+a_4\lambda _2`$ respectively. So using the localization formula (5.21), we have:

$`{\displaystyle _{X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}}^{orb}}\eta _1e_{A^{^{\prime \prime }}}(E_{(𝐠)}^{^{\prime \prime }})`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{(a_3\lambda _1+a_4\lambda _2)0}{\lambda _1\lambda _2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{(a_3\lambda _1(a_5+a_3)\lambda _2)(\lambda _2)}{(\lambda _1\lambda _2)(\lambda _2)}}`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{((a_5+a_4)\lambda _1+a_4\lambda _2)(\lambda _1)}{(\lambda _1+\lambda _2)(\lambda _1)}}`$
$`=`$ $`(a_3+a_4+a_5)`$
So from (5.24), we have:

$$_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}\eta _1e_A(E_{(𝐠)})=\frac{1}{9}(a_3+a_4+a_5).$$

From (5.23),

$$<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}=\frac{1}{9}(a_3+a_4+a_5)\eta _2\eta _3.$$

For example, if $`D=D_0D_1D_2D_3`$, then $`a_3=1,a_4=a_5=0`$, so

$$<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}=\frac{1}{9}\eta _2\eta _3.$$

For the 3-multisector $`X_{(g_1,g_1,g_1)}=𝐏(Q_\tau )`$, the dimension of the obstruction bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is 2. Let $`X_{(𝐠)}=X_{(g_1,g_1,g_1)}`$, $`\eta _jH^{}(X_{(g_1)};𝐐),(j=1,2,3)`$, then

$`(5.25)`$
$$<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}=_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_1^{}\eta _1e_2^{}\eta _2e_3^{}\eta _3e_A(E_{(𝐠)})$$

Next we use the localization technique to calculate the 3-point function (5.25). First we describe the obstruction bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ over $`X_{(𝐠)}`$. We know that $`g_1`$ generate the group $`𝐙_3`$, so $`K(𝐠)=𝐙_3`$. We consider the orbifold sphere $`(S^2,(x_1,x_2,x_3),(3,3,3))`$, let

$$\rho :\pi _1^{orb}(S^2)K(𝐠)=𝐙_3$$

is the surjective homomorphism defined by $`\lambda _ig_1`$. Then we have a Riemann surface $`\mathrm{\Sigma }=E^2/ker(\rho )`$. Using the same method above, we have a basis $`\overline{\omega }`$ of $`H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$, and

$$\lambda _1^{}(\overline{\omega })=\overline{r}\overline{\omega }$$

Let $`\tau =(v_0,v_1,v_2)`$, then we know that $`\overline{O}_\tau =X_{(𝐠)}`$. Assume $`U_i=\{z_i0\}`$, then $`X_{(𝐠)}=(X_{(𝐠)}U_3)(X_{(𝐠)}U_4)(X_{(𝐠)}U_5)`$. Write $`U_3=V_3/𝐙_3`$, $`U_4=V_4/𝐙_3`$, $`U_5=V_5/𝐙_3`$, then we can choose the coordinates of the open set $`V_3`$, $`V_4`$ and $`V_5`$ the same as before.

For the coordinate neighborhood $`(V_5,𝐙_3,\pi _5)`$, $`TV_5|_{p_5}`$ has a framing: $`\{\frac{}{x_0},\frac{}{x_1},\frac{}{x_2},\frac{}{x_3},\frac{}{x_4}\}`$, so $`TV_5|_{p_5}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ has a framing

$$\{\frac{}{x_0}\overline{\omega },\frac{}{x_1}\overline{\omega },\frac{}{x_2}\overline{\omega },\frac{}{x_3}\overline{\omega },\frac{}{x_4}\overline{\omega }\}$$

Because $`\lambda _1^{}\overline{\omega }=\overline{r}\overline{\omega }`$, and the action $`\lambda _1^{}`$ on $`TV_5|_{p_5}`$ can be represented by the matrix $`g_1`$, so the representation matrix of the action of $`\lambda _1^{}`$ on $`TV_5|_{p_5}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma })`$ is:

$$()\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}\frac{1}{2}\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& \frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}i\end{array}\right)$$

We see that the matrix $`()`$ has eigenvalue 1 with multiplication 2, the corresponding eigenvectors are: $`(0,1,0,0,0)`$ and $`(0,0,1,0,0)`$, so the invariant subspace $`(TV_5|_{p_5}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}`$ has generators: $`\xi _1\overline{\omega }=\frac{}{x_1}\overline{\omega }`$ and $`\xi _2\overline{\omega }=\frac{}{x_2}\overline{\omega }`$. Similarly, $`(TV_4|_{p_4}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}`$ has generators: $`\xi _1^{^{}}\overline{\omega }=\frac{}{y_1}\overline{\omega }`$ and $`\xi _2^{^{}}\overline{\omega }=\frac{}{y_2}\overline{\omega }`$; $`(TV_3|_{p_3}H^{0,1}(\mathrm{\Sigma }))^{K(𝐠)}`$ has generators: $`\xi _1^{^{\prime \prime }}\overline{\omega }=\frac{}{w_1}\overline{\omega }`$ and $`\xi _2^{^{\prime \prime }}\overline{\omega }=\frac{}{w_2}\overline{\omega }`$.

We describe the uniformizing system of $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ as follows.

$``$ $`xX_{(𝐠)}`$, then $`C(𝐠)=G_x=K(𝐠)=𝐙_3`$, and if $`(V_x^𝐠\times 𝐂^2,K(𝐠),\stackrel{~}{\pi })`$ is a uniformizing system of the bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$, then $`K(𝐠)`$ acts on $`V_x^𝐠\times 𝐂^2`$ through: $`g_1(u,v_1,v_2)=(u,e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}v_1,e^{2\pi i\frac{2}{3}}v_2)`$.

The obstruction bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is a plane bundle. And $`dim_𝐂X_{(𝐠)}=2`$, so the 3-point function (5.25) is nonzero only if $`\eta _jH^0(X_{(g_1)};𝐐),j=1,2,3`$. In this case

$`(5.26)`$
$$<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}=\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_A(E_{(𝐠)})$$

From the section 5.5., the obstruction bundle $`E_{(𝐠)}`$ is the whitney sum of two orbifold line bundles, let $`E_{(𝐠)}=E_1E_2`$. $`E_1`$ is generated by $`\xi _1\overline{\omega }`$ on the negiborhood $`U_5X_{(𝐠)}`$; and $`E_2`$ is generated by $`\xi _2\overline{\omega }`$ on $`U_5X_{(𝐠)}`$. So from the first part of this section, consider the orbifold principal $`S^1`$-bundle $`P_l`$ of $`E_l(l=1,2)`$. From the section 5.5, we can see that $`𝐙_{d_l}=K(𝐠)=𝐙_3`$, so let $`E_l^{^{}}=(P_l/K(𝐠))\times _{S^1}𝐂`$ is the orbifold bundle over $`X_{(𝐠)}`$. $`\pi _{K(𝐠)}:P_lP_l/K(𝐠)`$ is the projective map. Note that on every fibre, $`\pi _{K(𝐠)}`$ is given by: $`zz^3`$. The lie algebra of $`F=S^1`$ is $`𝐑`$. So the induced map on the lie algebra is: $`(\pi _{K(𝐠)})_{}:𝐑𝐑,a3a`$. From (5.14),

$$_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_A(E_{(𝐠)})=\frac{1}{9}_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}\mathrm{\Pi }_{l=1}^2e_{A_l^{^{}}}(E_l^{^{}})$$

where $`A_l`$ and $`A_l^{^{}}`$ are the connections on the bundles $`E_l`$ and $`E_l^{^{}}`$ such that $`\pi _{K(𝐠)}^{}(A_l^{^{}})=A_l`$. In this moment the group $`K(𝐠)`$ acts on the bundle $`E_l^{^{}}`$ trivially, so $`E_l^{^{}}`$ induced an orbifold bundle $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ over the reduced orbifold $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$. From (5.15),

$$_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}\mathrm{\Pi }_{l=1}^2e_{A_l^{^{}}}(E_l^{^{}})=\frac{1}{3}_{X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}}^{orb}\mathrm{\Pi }_{l=1}^2e_{A_l^{^{\prime \prime }}}(E_l^{^{\prime \prime }})$$

where $`A_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ is the connection on the bundle $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ induced from the bundle $`E_l^{^{}}`$. Thus

$`(5.27)`$
$$_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_A(E_{(𝐠)})=\frac{1}{27}_{X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}}^{orb}\mathrm{\Pi }_{l=1}^2e_{A_l^{^{\prime \prime }}}(E_l^{^{\prime \prime }})$$

We now calculate the integration $`_{X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}}^{orb}\mathrm{\Pi }_{l=1}^2e_{A_l^{^{\prime \prime }}}(E_l^{^{\prime \prime }})`$. The unformizing system of the bundle $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ over the reduced orbifold $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ can be described as:

$``$ For $`xX_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$, then $`C(𝐠)/K(𝐠)=1`$ is the trivial group, and the action is trivial.

Now we use the localization technique to compute the integration (5.27). We know that $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}=\overline{O}_\tau `$ is a toric variety, $`\tau =(v_0,v_1,v_2)`$. The three fixed points by the $`T`$-action on $`X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$ are $`p_3,p_4,p_5`$. We already computed the $`T`$-equivariant Euler class of the point $`p_5`$ at the normal bundle is:

$$e_T\left(\nu _{p_5}\right)=\lambda _1\lambda _2$$

Similarly, the $`T`$-equivariant Euler classes of the points $`p_4`$ and $`p_3`$ at the normal bundles are:

$$e_T\left(\nu _{p_4}\right)=(\lambda _1\lambda _2)(\lambda _2),e_T\left(\nu _{p_3}\right)=(\lambda _1+\lambda _2)(\lambda _1).$$

Orbifold line bundle $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }},(l=1,2)`$ is trivialized by $`\frac{}{x_l}\overline{\omega },(l=1,2)`$ on $`U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$, $`\frac{}{y_l}\overline{\omega },(l=1,2)`$ on $`U_4X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$, and $`\frac{}{w_l}\overline{\omega },(l=1,2)`$ on $`U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}`$. On the neighborhood $`V_4`$, we have:

$`\xi _1={\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}}={\displaystyle \frac{y_j}{x_1}\frac{}{y_j}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}}({\displaystyle \frac{x_1}{x_4^{2/3}}}){\displaystyle \frac{}{y_1}}`$
$`=`$ $`y_5^{2/3}{\displaystyle \frac{}{y_1}}`$
Similarly, we can compute $`\xi _2=\frac{}{x_2}=y_5^{2/3}\frac{}{y_2}`$.

On the neighborhood $`V_3`$, we have:

$`\xi _1={\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}}={\displaystyle \frac{w_j}{x_1}\frac{}{w_j}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{}{x_1}}({\displaystyle \frac{x_1}{x_3^{2/3}}}){\displaystyle \frac{}{w_1}}`$
$`=`$ $`w_5^{2/3}{\displaystyle \frac{}{w_1}}`$
Similarly, we have $`\xi _2=\frac{}{x_2}=w_5^{2/3}\frac{}{w_2}`$. So the transition function of the orbifold line bundle $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }},(l=1,2)`$

$$h_{45}:(U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_4U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_4U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_4X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂$$

is:

$$h_{45}(x,c)=(x,(y_5^{2/3})^3(x)c)$$

The transition function

$$h_{35}:(U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_5U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_5U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂(U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂$$

is:

$$h_{35}(x,c)=(x,(w_5^{2/3})^3(x)c)$$

So we can define the action of $`T`$ on the bundle $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ as

$$\begin{array}{cc}(1)\hfill & t(x,c)=(tx,c)=(tx,\chi ^0(t)c),tT,(x,c)(U_5X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂;\hfill \\ (2)\hfill & t(x,c)=(tx,y_5^2(t)c)=(tx,\chi ^{2\rho _2}(t)c),tT,(x,c)(U_4X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂;\hfill \\ (3)\hfill & t(x,c)=(tx,w_5^2(t)c)=(tx,\chi ^{2\rho _1}(t)c),tT,(x,c)(U_3X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}})\times 𝐂.\hfill \end{array}$$

Then the action of $`T`$ on $`E_l^{^{\prime \prime }}`$ at the fixed points $`p_5,p_4,p_3`$ has weights $`0,(2\lambda _2),(2\lambda _1)`$ respectively.

So from (5.21), we have:

$`{\displaystyle _{X_{(𝐠)}^{^{}}}^{orb}}\mathrm{\Pi }_{t=1}^2e_{A_t^{^{\prime \prime }}}(E_t^{^{\prime \prime }})`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{0}{\lambda _1\lambda _2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{(2\lambda _2)^2}{(\lambda _1\lambda _2)(\lambda _2)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{(2\lambda _1)^2}{(\lambda _1+\lambda _2)(\lambda _1)}}`$
$`=`$ $`4`$
From (5.27),

$$_{X_{(𝐠)}}^{orb}e_A(E_{(𝐠)})=\frac{4}{27}.$$

And by (5.26),

$$<\eta _1,\eta _2,\eta _3>_{orb}=\frac{4}{27}\eta _1\eta _2\eta _3.$$

### Acknowledgments

We thank Professor Banghe Li, Yongbin Ruan , jianzhong Pan, David Cox, and Mainak Poddar for very helpful encouragements. We especially thank Professor Yongbin Ruan for explaining to me to consider this interesting problem.

###