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# 1 Introduction

## 1  Introduction

Starting with the fact that classical mechanics is a limiting case of relativistic mechanics and therefore the Galilei group must be in some sense a limiting case of the relativistic mechanics’ group E.P. Wigner and E. Inönü in 1953 have introduced  a new notion in group theory, namely, a contraction of group (Lie algebra and their representations) as follows: ”We shall call the operation of obtaining a new group by a singular transformation of the infinitesimal elements of the old group a contraction of the latter.” This concept is based on the principal idea: only singular transformation of Lie algebra gives in result a new nonisomorphic algebra.

The concept of contraction turned out to be fruitful and was formulated  as the contraction of an arbitrary algebraic structure $`(M,)`$ with the help of $`ϵ`$-depending map

$$\varphi _ϵ:(M,)(N,^{}),$$

where $`(N,^{})`$ is the algebraic structure of the same type, isomorphic to $`(M,)`$ for $`ϵ0`$ and nonisomorphic to the initial one for $`ϵ=0.`$ Except for original Wigner–Inönü group (algebra) contractions the contractions of Lie superalgebra was introduced  and after that more generals graded contractions ,  which preserve an arbitrary grading of Lie algebra and may be applied to an infinitedimensional algebras . Under contractions of bialgebra  Lie algebra structure and cocommutator are conserved. Hopf algebra ( quantum algebra ,  and quantum group ) contractions are introduced in such a way, that in the limit $`ϵ0`$ a new expressions for coproduct, counit and antipode are consistent with the Hopf algebra axioms. Recently contractions of the algebraic structures with bilinear products of arbitrary nature on sections of finite-dimensional vector bundles was presented .

## 2  Contractions of algebraic structures

A Lie algebra $`L`$ is a vector space $`V`$ equipped with a Lie bracket $`[,]:LLL,`$ which is linear in both arguments, antisymmetric and satisfy the Jacobi identity. So the structure of Lie algebra is as follows: $`L=(V,[,])`$. It is well known fact that the non–degenerate linear transformations $`\mathrm{\Phi }:VV,det\mathrm{\Phi }0`$ of vector space $`V`$ give in result the Lie algebra $`L^{^{}}`$ which is isomorphic to the initial one’s $`L`$. How to receive a new Lie algebra from $`L`$? The answer was given fifty years ago by E. Inönü and E.P. Wigner : it is necessary to use a degenerate transformation of $`V`$. Let us regard $`\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ:VV`$ such that $`det\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ0`$ for $`ϵ0`$, but $`det\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ=0`$ for $`ϵ=0`$. Then if the limit

$$[,]^{^{}}=\underset{ϵ0}{lim}\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ[,](\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ^1\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ^1)$$
(1)
exist, we have the new Lie algebra $`L^{^{}}=(V,[,]^{^{}})`$ with the same underlying vector space. The limit (1) is called a contraction of Lie algebra.

A Lie superalgebra has the structure $`L_s=(V=V_0V_1,<,>,Z_2)=L_s^0L_s^1,`$ where $`<,>`$ is a bilinear product (commutator or anticommutator), $`Z_2`$ is a grading group, such that $`V_0`$ and $`V_1`$ are even and odd parts of vector space $`V,`$ respectively, $`L_s^0`$ and $`L_s^1`$ are even and odd parts of superalgebra $`L_s.`$ The nondegenerate limit

$$<,>^{^{}}=\underset{ϵ0}{lim}\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ<,>(\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ^1\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ^1),$$
(2)
where $`\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ`$ preserves $`Z_2`$grading, gives in result contracted superalgebra $`L_s^{^{}}=(V=V_0V_1,<,>^{^{}},Z_2)=L_s^0^{}L_s^1^{}.`$

Graded contractions were introduced in ,  and deal with the structure $`(L,\mathrm{\Gamma })`$, where $`L`$ is a Lie algebra and $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ is a finite Abelian group. A grading of $`L`$ by $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ means the decomposition of the vector space $`V`$ of $`L`$ into a direct sum of subspaces

$$V=\underset{\mu \mathrm{\Gamma }}{}V_\mu $$
(3)
such that for every choice of $`XV_\mu ,YV_\nu `$, if $`[X,Y]0`$, then $`[X,Y]V_{\mu +\nu }`$. Symbolically

$$0[V_\mu ,V_\nu ]V_{\mu +\nu },\mu ,\nu ,\mu +\nu \mathrm{\Gamma }.$$
(4)
In this case the map $`\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ`$ additionally to existence of (1) has to preserve the grading equations (3), (4). Graded contractions leads to a structure $`(L^{^{}},\mathrm{\Gamma })=(V,[,]^{^{}},\mathrm{\Gamma })`$ with the same underlying $`V`$ and the same grading group $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$. Graded contractions of the infinitedimensional Virasoro algebras were regarded in .

A Lie bialgebra $`(L,\eta )`$ is a Lie algebra $`L`$ endowed with a cocomutator $`\eta :LLL`$ such that

i) $`\eta `$ is 1–cocycle, i.e.

$$\eta ([X,Y])=[\eta (X),1Y+Y1]+[1X+X1,\eta (Y)],X,YL,$$
(5)
ii) the dual map $`\eta ^{}:L^{}L^{}L^{}`$ is a Lie bracket on $`L^{}`$.

Contracted Lie brackets are obtained by (1). Contraction of cocommutator $`\eta `$ may be realized by the mapping $`\mathrm{\Psi }_ϵ:LL^{^{}}`$, which is in general different from $`\mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ`$, as follows:

$$\eta ^{^{}}=\underset{ϵ0}{lim}(\mathrm{\Psi }_ϵ\mathrm{\Psi }_ϵ)\eta \mathrm{\Psi }ϵ^1.$$
(6)
The consistency of $`[,]`$ and $`\eta `$ gives the another expression for cocommutator

$$\eta ^{^{}}=\underset{ϵ0}{lim}(\mathrm{\Psi }_ϵ\mathrm{\Psi }_ϵ)\eta \mathrm{\Phi }_ϵ^1.$$
(7)
If all limits (1), (6), (7) exist, then $`(L^{^{}},\eta ^{^{}})`$ is a contracted Lie bialgebra .

An associative algebra $`A`$ is said to be a Hopf algebra if there exist maps: coproduct $`\mathrm{\Delta }:AAA,`$ counit $`u:A\mathrm{C}`$ and antipode $`\gamma :AA`$, such that $`aA`$ the following axiomas are hold

$`H_1:`$ $`(id\mathrm{\Delta })\mathrm{\Delta }(a)=(\mathrm{\Delta }id)\mathrm{\Delta }(a),`$
$`H_2:`$ $`(idu)\mathrm{\Delta }(a)=(uid)\mathrm{}(a),`$ (8)
$`H_3:`$ $`m((id\gamma )\mathrm{\Delta }(a))=m((\gamma id)\mathrm{\Delta }(a)),`$
where $`m(ab)=ab`$ is the usual multiplication. So the Hopf algebra structure is $`H=(A,\mathrm{\Delta },u,ϵ)`$. Contractions of coproduct, counit and antipode are realized by the same mapping $`\chi _ϵ`$ of $`A`$. Therefore, if the limits

$$\mathrm{\Delta }^{^{}}=\underset{ϵ0}{lim}(\chi _ϵ\chi _ϵ)\mathrm{\Delta }\chi _ϵ^1,u^{^{}}=\underset{ϵ0}{lim}u\chi _ϵ^1,\gamma ^{^{}}=\underset{ϵ0}{lim}\chi _ϵ\gamma \chi _ϵ^1.$$
(9)
exist, then $`H^{^{}}=(A,\mathrm{\Delta }^{^{}},u^{^{}},ϵ^{^{}})`$ is a contracted Hopf algebra. Contractions of Hopf algebras on the level of quantum algebras were first developed in , and on the level of quantum groups in .

The general conception of contraction of algebraic structures was recently developed  to contractions of $`(A,),`$ where $`A`$ is a set of smooth sections of vector bundle $`E`$ over a manifold $`M,:A\times AA`$ is a point-wise continuous bilinear product  are given by the following

Theorem. Let $`N:EE`$ be a smooth $`(1,1)`$tensor. Denote by $`U(ϵ)=ϵI+N`$ a deformation of $`N,`$ by $`E=E^1E^2`$ the Riesz decomposition of $`E`$ relative to $`N,`$ and by $`A^1`$ the set of smooth sections of $`E^1.`$ Then the limit

$$X_NY=\underset{ϵ0}{lim}U^1(ϵ)(U(ϵ)(X)U(ϵ)(Y))$$
(10)
exists for all $`X,YA`$ and defines a new (contracted) bilinear product on $`A`$ if and only if the torsion

$$T_N(XY)=N(X)N(Y)N(N(X)Y+XN(Y))+N^2(XY)$$
(11)
takes values in $`N(A^1).`$

Lie algebras, Lie algebroids and Poisson brackets were given as an examples of the developed theory. In particular, Wigner–Inönü Lie algebra contractions correspond to the vector bundle $`E`$ over a single point with $`A=E,=[,],U(ϵ)=P+ϵ(IP),`$ where $`P`$ is a projection.

## 3 Conclusions

The notion of contraction first introduced by E. Inönü and E.P. Wigner for Lie groups and algebras is now extend on new algebraic structures. Some of them are mention in this talk. But the fundamental idea of degenerate transformation is presented in all cases.

It is well known that often a symmetry is a necessary condition for explicit solutions of many mathematical and physical problems. And at the second half of the last century a models of the mathematical physics are usually formulated with the help of different mathematical structures (Lie groups and algebras, superalgebras, quantum groups etc.), which are a mathematical tools for describing symmetries. Above-mentioned algebraic structures constitute the base of exactly solvable problems of mathematical physics and its contractions are correspond to different limiting cases of these problems.


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# Embedding free Burnside groups in finitely presented groups

## 1. Introduction

The class of amenable groups was introduced by von Neumann \[N29\] to study so-called Hausdorff-Banach-Tarski paradox \[Hs14\], \[BT24\] (see also \[OS01\]). There are several equivalent definitions of group amenability. For example, a group $`G`$ is called amenable (or measurable) if there is a measure $`\mu `$ on $`G`$ (that is, $`\mu `$ is a nonnegative real function on subsets of $`G`$) such that $`\mu (XY)=\mu (X)+\mu (Y)`$ whenever $`X`$, $`Y`$ are disjoint subsets of $`G`$, $`\mu (G)=1`$ and $`\mu (gX)=\mu (X)`$ for all $`gG`$, $`XG`$. Clearly, finite groups are amenable. von Neumann \[N29\] showed that the class of amenable groups contains abelian groups, contains no free group $`F_2`$ of rank 2, and is closed under operations of taking subgroups, extensions, and (infinite) ascending unions. Day \[D57\] and Specht \[S60\] proved that this class is closed under taking homomorphic images.

The problem, attributed to von Neumann, on the existence of non-amenable groups without noncyclic free subgroups was solved in the affirmative by Ol’shanskii \[O80\]. Recall that the alternative ”either amenable or contains $`F_2`$”, suggested by the above von Neumann results, was proved by Tits \[T72\] for linear groups over a field of characteristic 0. Adian \[A82\] showed that a free $`m`$-generator Burnside group $`B(m,n)`$ of odd exponent $`n665`$ is not amenable if $`m>1`$ (recall that $`B(m,n)`$ is the quotient $`F_m/F_m^n`$, where $`F_m`$ is a free group of rank $`m`$; in particular, $`B(m,n)`$ contains no free subgroups of rank $`1`$).

However, both Ol’shanskii’s and Adian’s examples of non-amenable groups are not finitely presentable and, in this connection, a ”finitely presented” version of the von Neumann problem (on the existence of finitely presented non-amenable groups without noncyclic free subgroups) was promptly stated by Cohen \[C82\] and Grigorchuk \[KN82, Problem 8.7\]. To solve this problem, Ol’shanskii and Sapir \[OS02\] (see also \[OS01\]) constructed a finitely presented group $`𝒢_{OS}`$ such that $`𝒢_{OS}`$ is an extension of a group of odd exponent $`n1`$ by an infinite cyclic group (so $`𝒢_{OS}`$ has no noncyclic free subgroups) and $`𝒢_{OS}`$ contains a subgroup isomorphic to a free 2-generator Burnside group $`B(2,n)`$ of exponent $`n`$ (and so, by Adian’s result \[A82\], $`𝒢_{OS}`$ is not amenable). The construction of the group $`𝒢_{OS}`$ is rather involved and lengthy; it is based upon a modification of Ol’shanskii’s method of graded diagrams \[O89\] and uses $`S`$-machines introduced by Sapir \[SBR97\]. In this regard, recall that the first example of a finitely presented torsion-by-cyclic group $`𝒢_G`$ was constructed by Grigorchuk \[G98\]. However, the group $`𝒢_G`$ is amenable (but not elementary amenable). The main goal of this article is to use the techniques of HNN-extensions in the class of groups of odd exponent $`n1`$, as developed in \[I02b\], to give a significantly simpler, compared to \[OS02\], construction of finitely presented non-amenable groups without noncyclic free subgroups. Similar to examples of Grigorchuk and Ol’shanskii-Sapir, our finitely presented groups are also torsion-by-cyclic (which guarantees the absence of noncyclic free subgroups).

Recall that a subgroup $`H`$ of a group $`G`$ is called a $`Q`$-subgroup if for every normal subgroup $`K`$ of $`H`$ the normal closure $`K^G`$ of $`K`$ in $`G`$ meets $`H`$ in $`K`$ (this property was introduced by Higman, B. Neumann, and H. Neumann \[HNN49\] to show that every countable group embeds in a 2-generator group). Here is our main technical result.

###### Theorem 1.

Let $`n>2^{48}`$ be odd, $`m>1`$, and let $`𝒢_U=𝒰(\text{3})(\text{9})`$ be the finitely presented group whose generating set is the alphabet $`𝒰`$, given by $`(\text{1})`$, and whose defining relations are $`(\text{3})(\text{9})`$. Then the subgroup $`𝒢_A=a_1,\mathrm{},a_m`$ of $`𝒢_U`$, generated by the images of $`a_1,`$, $`a_m`$, is a $`Q`$-subgroup of $`𝒢_U`$ naturally isomorphic to a free $`m`$-generator Burnside group $`B(m,n)`$ of exponent $`n`$. Furthermore, the group $`𝒢_A=a_1,\mathrm{},a_m`$ naturally embeds in the quotient $`𝒢_U/𝒢_U^n`$ as a $`Q`$-subgroup.

Recall that, by the Higman embedding theorem \[H61\], a finitely generated group $`G`$ embeds in a finitely presented group if and only if $`G`$ can be recursively presented. This, in particular, means that a free $`m`$-generator Burnside group $`B(m,n)`$ of exponent $`n`$, being recursively presented for all $`m`$, $`n`$, embeds in a finitely generated group and the significance of Theorem 1 is in the additional properties of this embedding.

As a corollary of Theorem 1 and results of article \[I02c\] on $`Q`$-subgroups of $`B(m,n)`$, we have the following theorem that strengthens the main result of \[OS02\].

###### Theorem 2.

Let $`n>10^{78}`$ be odd and the finitely presented group $`𝒢_{T2}`$ be defined by presentation $`(\text{31})`$. Then $`𝒢_{T2}`$ is an extension of a group $`𝒦_{T2}`$ of exponent $`n`$ by an infinite cyclic group and $`𝒦_{T2}`$ contains a subgroup isomorphic to a free $`2`$-generator Burnside group $`B(2,n)`$ of exponent $`n`$. In particular, $`𝒢_{T2}`$ is not amenable and contains no noncyclic free subgroups. In addition, one can assume that if $`𝒱(B(2,n))`$ is a given nontrivial verbal subgroup of $`B(2,n)`$ then $`𝒱(𝒦_{T2})=𝒦_{T2}`$.

A group presentation $`G=𝒞R=1,R`$ is called weakly finite (and the group $`G`$ is termed weakly finitely presented) if every finitely generated subgroup $`H`$ of $`G`$, generated by the images of some words in $`𝒞^{\pm 1}`$, is naturally isomorphic to the subgroup of a group $`𝒢_0=𝒞_0R=1,R_0`$, where $`𝒞_0𝒞`$, $`_0`$ are finite subsets depending upon $`H`$, generated by the images of the same words. For example, if the alphabet $`𝒞`$ is finite then $`G=𝒞R=1,R`$ is weakly finite if and only if there is a finite subset $`_1`$ such that $`_1^{F(𝒞)}=^{F(𝒞)}`$, where $`F(𝒞)`$ is the free group in the alphabet $`𝒞`$ and $`_1^{F(𝒞)}`$, $`^{F(𝒞)}`$ are normal closures in $`F(𝒞)`$ of $`_1`$, $``$, respectively. It is also easy to see that a group presentation $`G=𝒞R=1,R`$ is weakly finite if every finitely generated subgroup of $`G`$ is finitely presentable (i.e., has a finite presentation; however, the converse does not hold as can be seen from Theorem 3). In particular, if $`G`$ is a locally finite group then $`G`$ is weakly finitely presented. It is rather natural to ask whether there are periodic weakly finitely presented groups that are not locally finite. This problem can be regarded as a weakened version of a long-standing problem, attributed to P.S. Novikov, on the existence of finitely presented infinite periodic groups.

The article \[I02a\] presents a construction of weakly finitely presented periodic groups which are not locally finite thus making a progress towards the Novikov problem. However, the construction of \[I02a\] does not allow to have orders of elements of the group bounded and a construction of weakly finitely presented groups of bounded exponent that are not locally finite seems to be the next reasonable goal. We also remark that the construction of \[I02a\] is based upon a technical embedding result which could be stated exactly as Theorem 2 with the modification that the quotient $`𝒢_U/𝒢_U^n`$ is $`𝒢_U/𝒢_U^{n^3}`$ in \[I02a\] (in \[I02a\] the group $`𝒢_U`$ is given by simpler than (3)–(9) relations and the estimate $`n>2^{48}`$ is $`n>2^{16}`$ in \[I02a\]). Thus, Theorem 1 strengthens the main construction of \[I02a\] and it can be used (in a similar to \[I02a\] fashion) to construct weakly finitely presented non-locally finite groups of bounded exponent $`n1`$ (the question on the existence of such groups was raised in \[I02a\]).

###### Theorem 3.

Let $`n>10^{78}`$ be odd. Then there is a weakly finitely presented group $`𝒢_{T3}`$ of exponent $`n`$ which contains a subgroup isomorphic to $`B(2,n)`$.

## 2. Five Lemmas

Let $`𝒜=\{a_1,\mathrm{},a_m\}`$, $`m>1`$, be an alphabet. We also consider alphabets

$$=\{b_1,\mathrm{},b_m\},\overline{}=\{\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{b}_m\},𝒟=\{d_1,\mathrm{},d_m\},\overline{𝒟}=\{\overline{d}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{d}_m\},$$

$$𝒳=\{x_1,\mathrm{},x_m\},\overline{𝒳}=\{\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m\},𝒴=\{y_1,\mathrm{},y_m\},\overline{𝒴}=\{\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_m\},$$

and $`\{c,\overline{c},e,\overline{e},z\}`$. Let $`𝒰`$ be the union of all these pairwise disjoint alphabets

$$𝒰=𝒜\overline{}𝒟\overline{𝒟}𝒳\overline{𝒳}𝒴\overline{𝒴}\{c,\overline{c},e,\overline{e},z\}.$$
(1)
Suppose that $`_A`$ is a set of words in $`𝒜^{\pm 1}=𝒜𝒜^1`$ and

$$𝒢_A=𝒜R=1,R_A$$
(2)
is a group presentation whose set of generators is $`𝒜`$ and whose set of defining words is $`_A`$. Consider the following defining relations in which $`[x,y]=xyx^1y^1`$ is the commutator of $`x,y`$ and indices $`i,j`$ run over $`\{1,\mathrm{},m\}`$:

$$x_icx_i^1=cb_i,\overline{x}_i\overline{c}\overline{x}_i^1=\overline{c}\overline{b}_i,y_iey_i^1=ed_i,\overline{y}_i\overline{e}\overline{y}_i^1=\overline{e}\overline{d}_i,$$
(3)
$$[x_i,b_j]=1,[\overline{x}_i,\overline{b}_j]=1,[y_i,d_j]=1,[\overline{y}_i,\overline{d}_j]=1,$$
(4)
$$c^n=1,\overline{c}^n=1,e^n=1,\overline{e}^n=1,$$
(5)
$$[b_i,\overline{b}_j]=1,[b_i,\overline{c}]=1,[\overline{b}_j,c]=1,[c,\overline{c}]=1,$$
(6)
$$[d_i,\overline{d}_j]=1,[d_i,\overline{e}]=1,[\overline{d}_j,e]=1,[e,\overline{e}]=1,$$
(7)
$$[a_i,d_j]=1,[a_i,\overline{d}_j]=1,[a_i,y_j]=1,[a_i,\overline{y}_j]=1,[a_i,e]=1,[a_i,\overline{e}]=1,$$
(8)
$$zb_i\overline{b}_iz^1=d_i\overline{d}_ia_i,zc\overline{c}z^1=e\overline{e}.$$
(9)
Less formally, these relations can be described as follows. First we introduce relations $`x_icx_i^1=cb_i`$, $`[x_i,b_j]=1`$, $`i,j\{1,\mathrm{},m\}`$, $`c^n=1`$ (which copy relations of \[I02a\]) on letters in $`𝒳\{c\}`$. Then we consider ”bar” copies of these letters and relations in $`\overline{}\overline{𝒳}\{\overline{c}\}`$ and make letters in $`\{c\}`$ commute with letters in $`\overline{}\{\overline{c}\}`$. Then we introduce copies of all letters in $`\overline{}𝒳\overline{𝒳}\{c,\overline{c}\}`$, denoted by $`𝒟\overline{𝒟}𝒴\overline{𝒴}\{e,\overline{e}\}`$ (so that $`𝒟`$ is a copy of $``$, $`\overline{Y}`$ is a copy of $`\overline{X}`$ etc.), and make copies of already defined relations in $`\overline{}𝒳\overline{𝒳}\{c,\overline{c}\}`$ to get their duplicates in $`𝒟\overline{𝒟}𝒴\overline{𝒴}\{e,\overline{e}\}`$. Finally, we define an alphabet $`𝒜`$, make letters in $`𝒜`$ commute with letters in $`𝒟\overline{𝒟}𝒴\overline{𝒴}\{e,\overline{e}\}`$, and introduce one more letter $`z`$ and $`m+1`$ more relations $`zb_i\overline{b}_iz^1=d_i\overline{d}_ia_i`$, $`i=1,\mathrm{},m`$, $`zc\overline{c}z^1=d\overline{d}`$.

Let a group $`𝒢_U`$ be given by a presentation whose alphabet is $`𝒰`$ and whose set of defining relations consists of defining relations of presentation (2) and relations (3)–(9), thus

$$𝒢_U=𝒰R=1,R_A,(\text{3})(\text{9}).$$
(10)
Denote the free group in the alphabet $`𝒜`$ by $`F(𝒜)`$ and let

$$\alpha _A:F(𝒜)𝒢_A,\alpha _U:F(𝒰)𝒢_U$$

be natural homomorphisms.

A word $`W`$ in the alphabet $`𝒜^{\pm 1}`$ is called an $`𝒜`$-word and denoted by $`W=W(𝒜)=W(a_1,\mathrm{},a_m)`$. The substitution $`a_ib_i`$, $`i=1,\mathrm{},m`$, turns an $`𝒜`$-word into a $``$-word $`W()=W(b_1,\mathrm{},b_m)`$. Recall that if $`G`$ is a group then $`G^n=g^n|gG`$ denotes the subgroup of $`G`$ generated by all $`n`$th powers of elements of $`G`$.

###### Lemma 1.

The map $`a_i^{\alpha _A}a_i^{\alpha _U}`$, $`i=1,\mathrm{},m`$, extends to a homomorphism $`\psi _0:𝒢_A𝒢_U`$ whose kernel $`\text{Ker}\psi _0`$ is $`𝒢_A^n`$.

Proof. This is analogous to the proof of Lemma A \[I02a\]. First we will show that $`𝒢_A^n\text{Ker}\psi _0`$. Let $`W=W(𝒜)`$ be an $`𝒜`$-word. According to relations (3)–(5), the following equalities hold in the group $`𝒢_U`$

$$1\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(W(𝒳)cW(𝒳)^1)^n\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(cW())^n\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(\overline{c}W(\overline{}))^n\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(eW(𝒟))^n\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(\overline{e}W(\overline{𝒟}))^n.$$

Hence, by relations (6), we get

$$\begin{array}{c}1\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(cW())^n(\overline{c}W(\overline{}))^n\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(c\overline{c}W()W(\overline{}))^n\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(c\overline{c}W(b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m))^n.\hfill \end{array}$$

Conjugating the last word by $`z`$, in view of relations (9), (8), (7) we further have

$$\begin{array}{c}1\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}z(c\overline{c}W(b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m))^nz^1\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(e\overline{e}W(d_1\overline{d}_1a_1,\mathrm{},d_m\overline{d}_ma_m))^n\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}\hfill \\ \hfill \stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(e\overline{e}W(d_1\overline{d}_1,\mathrm{},d_m\overline{d}_m)W(a_1,\mathrm{},a_m))^n\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(eW(𝒟)\overline{e}W(\overline{𝒟}))^nW(𝒜)^n\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}\\ \hfill \stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}(eW(𝒟))^n(\overline{e}W(\overline{𝒟}))^nW(𝒜)^n\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}W(𝒜)^n.\end{array}$$

Thus, $`W(𝒜)\stackrel{𝒢_U}{=}1`$ for every $`𝒜`$-word $`W(𝒜)`$ and the inclusion $`𝒢_A^n\text{Ker}\psi _0`$ is proven.

To prove the converse, consider a free Burnside group $`B(c,n)`$ of exponent $`n`$ which is freely generated by $`c`$ ($`B(c,n)`$ is the quotient $`F(c)/F(c)^n`$). A free Burnside group $`B(𝒳,n)`$ is defined analogously. It is easy to see that one can consider a semidirect product

$$S(c𝒳)=B(c,n)B(𝒳,n)$$

so that $`x_ib_jx_i^1=b_j`$ , $`x_icx_i^1=cb_i`$, $`i,j\{1,\mathrm{},m\}`$.

Semidirect products $`S(\overline{}\overline{c}\overline{𝒳})`$ , $`S(𝒟e𝒴)`$, $`S(\overline{𝒟}\overline{e}\overline{𝒴})`$ are defined analogously.

Consider the direct products

$$S(c𝒳)\times S(\overline{}\overline{c}\overline{𝒳}),S(𝒟e𝒴)\times S(\overline{𝒟}\overline{e}\overline{𝒴})\times 𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n$$
(11)
and observe that the map $`b_i\overline{b}_id_i\overline{d}_ia_i`$, $`c\overline{c}e\overline{e}`$, $`i=1,\mathrm{},m`$, extends to an isomorphism of corresponding subgroups of groups (11) (these subgroups are obviously isomorphic to $`B(c,n)`$). Therefore, one can consider an HNN-extension $`H_z`$ of the free product of groups (11) with stable letter $`z`$ whose relations are $`zb_i\overline{b}_iz^1=d_i\overline{d}_ia_i`$, $`zc\overline{c}z^1=e\overline{e}`$, $`i=1,\mathrm{},m`$.

Now we observe that this HNN-extension $`H_z`$ has generating set $`𝒰`$ and all relations (3)–(9) hold in these generators. This means that the natural homomorphism $`F(𝒰)H_z`$ naturally factors out through $`𝒢_U`$. Since the group $`𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n`$ naturally embeds in $`H_z`$, the group $`𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n`$ also embeds in $`𝒢_U`$ which implies the converse inclusion $`\text{Ker}\psi _0𝒢_A^n`$. Thus, $`\text{Ker}\psi _0=𝒢_A^n`$ and Lemma 1 is proved. ∎

Let $`P`$ be a group of exponent $`n`$ (that is, $`p^n=1`$ for every $`pP`$) and let $`𝒯=\{t_1,\mathrm{},t_{\mathrm{}}\}`$ be an alphabet, $`\mathrm{}1`$. Let $`P_{k,1}`$, $`P_{k,2}`$ be two isomorphic subgroups of $`P`$, $`k=1,\mathrm{},\mathrm{}`$, and

$$\rho _k:P_{k,1}P_{k,2}$$

be a fixed isomorphism. Consider the following HNN-extension of $`P`$:

$$_T=P,t_1,\mathrm{},t_{\mathrm{}}t_kpt_k^1=\rho _k(p),pP_{k,1},k=1,\mathrm{},\mathrm{}.$$
(12)
Let $`A_T`$, $`(A)`$ denote the maximal subgroup of $`P_T`$ that is normalized by $`A`$ and $`\tau _A`$ be the automorphism of $`(A)`$ which is induced by conjugation by $`A`$. Consider the following property of $`_T`$ in which $`N_E1`$ is an integer parameter.

1. For every $`A_T`$ which is not conjugate in the group $`_T`$ given by (12) to an element $`pP`$, the subgroup $`\tau _A,(A)`$ has exponent $`n`$ and equalities $`A^kp_0A^k=p_k`$, where $`p_kP`$ and $`k=0,\mathrm{},N_E`$, imply that $`p_k(A)`$.

It is proved in \[I02b\] that if $`n>2^{48}`$ is odd and the property (E) holds for $`_T`$ with $`N_E=[2^{16}n]`$, where $`[2^{16}n]`$ is the integer part of $`2^{16}n`$, then the group $`P`$ naturally embeds in the quotient $`_T/_T^n`$. This result and the techniques used in its proof will play a central role in our subsequent arguments.

Let $`B(,n)`$, $`B(𝒳,n)`$ be free Burnside groups of exponent $`n`$ in alphabets $``$, $`𝒳`$, respectively, and $`𝒫_{B,X}`$ be the direct product

$$𝒫_{B,X}=B(,n)\times B(𝒳,n).$$

Clearly, the map $`x_ib_ix_i,i=1,\mathrm{},m,`$ extends to an isomorphism of corresponding subgroups of $`𝒫_{B,X}`$ and so we can introduce an HNN-extension of $`𝒫_{B,X}`$ with stable letter $`c`$:

$$_c=𝒫_{B,X},cc^1x_ic=x_ib_i,i=1,\mathrm{},m.$$
(13)
###### Lemma 2.

The group $`_c`$, given by presentation $`(\text{13})`$, has property $`(E)`$ with $`N_E=3`$.

Proof. Assume that $`A_c`$, $`A`$ is not conjugate in $`_c`$ to $`p𝒫_{B,X}`$ and $`A^1p_{j1}A=p_j`$, where $`p_{j1},p_j𝒫_{B,X}`$ and $`j=1,2,3`$, $`p_01`$. Our goal is to show that $`p_0(A)`$ and the subgroup $`\tau _A,(A)`$ has exponent $`n`$.

We will keep the terminology and notation of article \[I02b\] (which is based upon \[I94\], see also \[I92b\], \[I98\], \[I02a\]).

Without loss of generality, we can assume that if $`A=B`$ in $`_c`$ then $`|A|_c|B|_c`$, where $`|A|_c`$ is the number of occurrences of $`c^{\pm 1}`$ in $`A`$, called the $`c`$-length of the word $`A`$. Conjugating by an element of $`𝒫_{B,X}`$ if necessary, we can also assume that $`A`$ starts with $`c^{\pm 1}`$.

Consider reduced diagrams $`\mathrm{\Delta }(j)`$, $`j=1,2,3`$, over $`_c`$ such that

$$\mathrm{\Delta }(j)=\mathrm{}(j)u(j)r(j)d(j),$$

where $`\phi (\mathrm{}(j))=p_{j1}`$, $`\phi (r(j))^1=p_j`$, $`\phi (u(j))=\phi (d(j))^1=A`$, and $`j=1,2,3`$. Since $`|\mathrm{}(j)|_c=|r(j)|_c=0`$ and $`|A|_c`$ is minimal, it follows that every $`c`$-bond in $`\mathrm{\Delta }(j)`$ connects an edge on $`u(j)`$ to an edge on $`d(j)`$, $`j=1,2,3`$. Let

$$\text{E}_1(j),\mathrm{},\text{E}_{|A|_c}(j)$$

be all consecutive along $`u(j)`$ $`c`$-bonds and let

$$\text{E}_i(j)=\mathrm{}_i(j)u_i(j)r_i(j)d_i(j)$$

be the standard contour of $`\text{E}_i(j)`$, where $`u_i(j)=\text{E}_i(j)u(j)`$, $`d_i(j)=\text{E}_i(j)d(j)`$ are the edges of $`u(j)`$, $`d(j)`$ labelled by $`c^{\pm 1}`$, $`c^1`$, respectively, and

$$u(j)=u_1(j)v_1(j)u_2(j)v_2(j)\mathrm{}u_{|A|_c}(j)v_{|A|_c}(j),$$

$$d(j)^1=d_1(j)^1e_1(j)^1d_2(j)^1e_2(j)^1\mathrm{}d_{|A|_c}(j)^1e_{|A|_c}(j)^1,$$

where $`v_i(j)`$ (resp. $`e_i(j)^1`$) is a subpath of $`u(j)`$ (resp. $`d(j)^1`$) which sits between sections $`u_i(j)`$ and $`u_{i+1}(j)`$ of $`u(j)`$ (resp. sections $`d_i(j)^1`$ and $`d_{i+1}(j)^1`$ of $`d(j)^1`$), $`i=1,\mathrm{},|A|_c1`$, $`j=1,2,3`$.

By $`\mathrm{\Delta }_i(j)`$, $`i=1,\mathrm{},|A|_c`$, denote the subdiagram of $`\mathrm{\Delta }(j)`$ which sits between $`c`$-bonds $`\text{E}_i(j)`$ and $`\text{E}_{i+1}(j)`$, where $`\text{E}_{i+1}(j)=r(j)`$ if $`i=|A|_c`$. Clearly, $`|\mathrm{\Delta }_i(j)|_c=0`$, $`\mathrm{\Delta }_i(j)`$ contains no $`c`$-edges and

$$\mathrm{\Delta }_i(j)=r_i(j)^1v_i(j)\mathrm{}_{i+1}(j)^1e_i(j),$$

where $`i=1,\mathrm{},|A|_c`$ and $`\mathrm{}_{i+1}(j)^1=r(j)`$ if $`i=|A|_c`$.

Suppose that for some $`i\{1,\mathrm{},|A|_c1\}`$ it is true that

$$\phi (u_i(1))=\phi (u_{i+1}(1)).$$
(14)
Then, considering the diagram $`\mathrm{\Delta }_i(1)`$, we can see that elements $`\phi (r_i(1))^1`$ and $`\phi (\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1))`$ are conjugate in the group $`𝒫_{B,X}`$ by $`\phi (v_i(j))^1`$. It follows from definitions and equality (14) that one of $`r_i(1)^1`$, $`\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1)`$ is a word in $`𝒳^{\pm 1}=\{x_1^{\pm 1},\mathrm{},x_m^{\pm 1}\}`$ and the other one is a word in the alphabet $`\{(b_1x_1)^{\pm 1},\mathrm{},(b_mx_m)^{\pm 1}\}`$. However, the conjugacy of such words in the direct product $`𝒫_{B,X}=B(,n)\times B(𝒳,n)`$ implies that $`\phi (r_i(1))=1`$ whence $`p_0=1`$. This contradiction to $`p_01`$ enables us to conclude that $`\phi (u_i(1))=\phi (u_{i+1}(1))^1`$ for every $`i=1,\mathrm{},|A|_c1`$.

Switching to the diagram $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{|A|_c}(1)`$ from $`\mathrm{\Delta }_i(1)`$, by a similar argument we can conclude that $`\phi (u_{|A|_c}(1))=\phi (u_1(1))^1`$. In particular, this implies that $`|A|_c>1`$ and there is an $`i\{1,\mathrm{},|A|_c\}`$ such that

$$\phi (u_i(1))=c$$

and either $`i<|A|_c`$ or, otherwise, $`i=|A|_c=2`$.

Let $`\phi (\mathrm{}_i(1))=W_1(𝒳)`$, where $`W_1(𝒳)`$ is an $`𝒳`$-word. Then

$$\phi (r_i(1))^1=W_1(x_1b_1,\mathrm{},x_mb_m)=W_1()W_1(𝒳).$$

Also, we let $`\phi (v_i(1))=U()V(𝒳)`$, where $`U()`$, $`V(𝒳)`$ are $``$-, $`𝒳`$-words, respectively.

It is convenient to denote $`r(1)`$ by $`\mathrm{}_{|A|_c+1}(1)^1`$, that is, to define $`\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1)`$ for $`i=|A|_c`$. Then $`\phi (\mathrm{}_{|A|_c+1}(1))=\phi (\mathrm{}_1(2))`$.

Considering the subdiagram $`\mathrm{\Delta }_i(1)`$, we can see that

$$\begin{array}{c}\phi (\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1))=\phi (v_i(1))^1\phi (r_i(1))^1\phi (v_i(1))=\hfill \\ \hfill =(U()V(𝒳))^1W_1()W_1(𝒳)U()V(𝒳)\end{array}$$

in the group $`𝒫_{B,X}`$. Since $`\phi (\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1))=W_2()W_2(𝒳)`$ in $`𝒫_{B,X}=B(,n)\times B(𝒳,n)`$ and both $`B(,n)`$, $`B(𝒳,n)`$ are free Burnside groups, it follows that

$$U(𝒳)^1W_1(𝒳)U(𝒳)=V(𝒳)^1W_1(𝒳)V(𝒳)$$
(15)
in the group $`B(𝒳,n)`$. It follows from $`p_01`$ that $`W_1(𝒳)1`$ in $`B(𝒳,n)`$.

Recall that if $`n`$ is odd and $`n1`$ (e.g., $`n>10^{10}`$) then every nontrivial element of $`B(𝒳,n)`$ is contained in a unique maximal cyclic subgroup of $`B(𝒳,n)`$ of order $`n`$ (see Theorem 19.4 \[O89\]) and every maximal cyclic subgroup $`C`$ of $`B(𝒳,n)`$ is antinormal in $`B(𝒳,n)`$, that is, for every $`gB(𝒳,n)`$ the inequality $`gCg^1C\{1\}`$ implies that $`gC`$ (this is actually shown in process of the proof of Theorem 19.4 \[O89\]; similar arguments can also be found in \[AI87\], \[I92a\]).

Let $`W_0(𝒳)`$ be an $`𝒳`$-word so that $`W_0(𝒳)B(𝒳,n)`$ is the maximal cyclic subgroup of order $`n`$ that contains $`W_1(𝒳)`$. Since the subgroup $`W_0(𝒳)`$ is antinormal in $`B(𝒳,n)`$, we have from (15) that $`U(𝒳)V(𝒳)^1W_0(𝒳)`$.

Now consider the word $`\phi (\mathrm{}_i(2))`$. It is easy to see that

$$\phi (\mathrm{}_i(2))=S(𝒳)^1W_1(𝒳)S(𝒳),$$

where $`S(𝒳)`$ is the product

$$\phi (v_i(1))\mathrm{}\phi (v_{|A|_c}(1))\phi (v_1(2))\mathrm{}\phi (v_{i1}(2))𝒫_{B,X}.$$

Replacing the word $`\phi (\mathrm{}_i(1))=W_1(𝒳)`$ by $`\phi (\mathrm{}_i(2))=S(𝒳)^1W_1(𝒳)S(𝒳)`$ and the diagram $`\mathrm{\Delta }(1)`$ by $`\mathrm{\Delta }(2)`$ in the above argument, we will analogously obtain that

$$U(𝒳)V(𝒳)^1S(𝒳)^1W_0(𝒳)S(𝒳).$$

Since the maximal cyclic subgroups $`S(𝒳)^1W_0(𝒳)S(𝒳)`$ and $`W_0(𝒳)`$ are either coincide or have the trivial intersection, it follows that either $`U(𝒳)V(𝒳)^1=1`$ in $`B(𝒳,n)`$ or $`S(𝒳)W_0(𝒳)`$. In the case $`U(𝒳)V(𝒳)^1=1`$, we distinguish two subcases: $`i<|A|_c`$ and $`i=|A|_c=2`$. If $`i<|A|_c`$ then we have a contradiction to the minimality of $`|A|_c`$ because

$$\phi (u_i(1))\phi (v_i(1))\phi (u_{i+1}(1))=cU()U(𝒳)c^1=U(𝒳)$$

in $`_c`$ and $`|U(𝒳)|_c=0`$. If $`i=|A|_c=2`$ then the word $`A=c^1\phi (v_1(1))c\phi (v_2(1))`$ is conjugate in the group $`_c`$ given by (11) to an element of $`𝒫_{B,X}`$ because

$$c\phi (v_2(1))=cU()U(𝒳)=U(𝒳)c$$

and so $`A=c^1\phi (v_1(1))U(𝒳)c`$ in $`𝒢_U`$, contrary to our assumption. These contradictions prove that the case $`U(𝒳)V(𝒳)^1=1`$ is impossible and so $`S(𝒳)W_0(𝒳)`$. Therefore,

$$\phi (\mathrm{}_i(2))=S(𝒳)^1W_1(𝒳)S(𝒳)=W_1(𝒳)$$

in $`𝒢_U`$, whence $`A^1p_0A=p_0`$. Now we can conclude that $`p_0(A)`$, $`\tau _A=1`$ in $`\text{Aut}(A)`$ and the group $`\tau _A,A`$ has exponent $`n`$, as required. Lemma 2 is proven. ∎

By results of \[I02b\] and Lemma 2, the group $`𝒫_{B,X}=B(,n)\times B(𝒳,n)`$ naturally embeds in the quotient $`_c/_c^n`$. Denote the subgroup $`,c`$ of $`_c/_c^n`$, generated by $``$ and $`c`$, by

$$𝒦_{B,c}=B,c_c/_c^n.$$
(16)
Observe that, in view of relations $`x_ib_jx_i^1=b_j`$, $`x_icx_i^1=cb_i`$, $`i,j\{1,\mathrm{},m\}`$, which hold in $`_c/_c^n`$, the group $`_c/_c^n`$ is a splitting extension of $`𝒦_{B,c}`$ by $`B(𝒳,n)`$. In particular, we can also consider the following HNN-extension of $`𝒦_{B,c}`$

$$\begin{array}{c}_X=𝒦_{B,c},x_1,\mathrm{},x_mx_ib_jx_i^1=b_j,x_icx_i^1=cb_i,i,j\{1,\mathrm{},m\}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(17)
and claim that the quotient $`_X/_X^n`$ is naturally isomorphic to $`_c/_c^n`$.

###### Lemma 3.

Every maximal cyclic subgroup of the group $`𝒦_{B,c}`$ is antinormal in $`𝒦_{B,c}`$.

Proof. Consider a graded presentation for the group $`_c/_c^n`$ which, by results of \[I02b\] and Lemma 2, can be constructed as in \[I02b\]:

$$\begin{array}{c}_c/_c^n=_c(\mathrm{})=𝒫_{B,X},cc^1x_jc=x_jb_j,j\{1,\mathrm{},m\},\hfill \\ \hfill A^n=1,A_{i=1}^{\mathrm{}}𝒳_i.\end{array}$$
(18)
Let $`A`$ be a period of rank $`i1`$, that is, $`A𝒳_i`$. It is easy to see from the definition of $`𝒳_i`$ and details of the proof of Lemma 2 that $`\tau _A=1`$ in $`\text{Aut}(A)`$ (that is, $`A`$ always centralizes $`(A)`$) and that the group $`(A)`$ consists of words either of the form $`F(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$ (if $`A`$ starts with $`c`$; recall that, by definitions of \[I02b\], $`A`$ starts with $`c^{\pm 1}`$) or of the form $`F(x_1b_1,\mathrm{},x_mb_m)`$ (if $`A`$ starts with $`c^1`$).

Since there is a natural homomorphism $`_c(\mathrm{})B(𝒳,n)`$ whose kernel is $`𝒦_{B,c}`$, it follows from the above observation that if $`F(A)`$ or $`p𝒫_{B,X}`$ is conjugate in $`_c(\mathrm{})`$ to an element of $`𝒦_{B,c}`$ then $`F=1`$ or $`pB(,n)`$, respectively. We will repeatedly use this remark in the arguments below.

Suppose that $`𝒮`$ is a subgroup of $`A,(A)_c(\mathrm{})`$, where $`A𝒳_i`$, and $`𝒮`$ is conjugate in $`_c(\mathrm{})`$ to a subgroup of $`𝒦_{B,c}`$. By the above remark, every nontrivial element of $`𝒮`$ has the form $`A^kF`$, where $`k0(modn)`$ and $`F(A)`$. In particular, if $`A^kF𝒮`$ and $`kd0(modn)`$ then

$$(A^kF)^d=A^{kd}F^d=F^d=1.$$

Similarly, if $`A^{k_1}F_1,A^{k_2}F_2𝒮`$ and $`k_1k_2(modn)`$ then $`F_1=F_2`$ in $`(A)`$. Therefore, we can conclude that $`𝒮`$ is cyclic (and is generated by an element of the maximal order).

Now assume that $`W_0`$ is a maximal cyclic subgroup of $`𝒦_{B,c}`$, $`W_1𝒦_{B,c}`$ and

$$W_1W_0^\mathrm{}_1W_1^1=W_0^\mathrm{}_2$$
(19)
in $`_c(\mathrm{})`$, where $`W_0^\mathrm{}_21`$. By Lemma 10.2 \[I02b\], $`W_0`$ is conjugate in $`_c(\mathrm{})`$ to either an element $`U_0`$ with $`|U_0|_c=0`$ (by the above remark, $`U_0B(,n)`$) or to $`A^{k_0}F_0`$, where $`A`$ is a period of rank $`i1`$, $`0<k_0<n`$, and $`F_0(A)`$.

Conjugating, we may assume that $`W_0=U_0`$ or $`W_0=A^{k_0}F_0`$ as above (and $`W_0,W_1`$ is conjugate in $`_c(\mathrm{})`$ to a subgroup of $`𝒦_{B,c}`$). Consider a disk diagram $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ for equality (19) and let $`\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$ be an annular diagram obtained from $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ by identifying sections of the contour of $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ labelled by $`W_1`$ and $`W_1^1`$. Since contours of $`\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$ are labelled by $`W_0^\mathrm{}_1=U_0^\mathrm{}_1`$ or $`W_0^\mathrm{}_1=A^{k_0\mathrm{}_1}F_0^\mathrm{}_1`$ and $`W_0^\mathrm{}_2=U_0^\mathrm{}_2`$ or $`W_0^\mathrm{}_2=A^{k_0\mathrm{}_2}F_0^\mathrm{}_2`$, it follows that every $`c`$-annulus in $`\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$ will be contractible. Otherwise, as in the above remark, a word of the form $`F(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$ or $`F(x_1b_1,\mathrm{},x_mb_m)`$ would be conjugate in $`_c(\mathrm{})`$ to $`W_0^\mathrm{}_1`$, whence $`W_0^\mathrm{}_1=1`$ which is a contradiction. Hence, we can bring $`\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$ to a reduced form $`\mathrm{\Delta }_1`$ by removal of reducible pairs and reducible $`c`$-annuli. (Recall that $`n`$ is odd and so there are no self-compatible 2-cells, see \[I02b\].)

Hence, there is a path in $`\mathrm{\Delta }_1`$ (like in $`\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$) which connects vertices on distinct contours of $`\mathrm{\Delta }_1`$ and has label equal in $`_c(\mathrm{})`$ to $`W_1`$. Now we can argue as in the proof of Lemma 10.2 \[I94\] to show that if $`W_0=A^{k_0}F_0`$ then $`W_1=A^{k_1}F_1`$ in $`_c(\mathrm{})`$, where $`F_1(A)`$, and if $`W_0=U_0`$ then $`W_1=U_1`$ in $`_c(\mathrm{})`$, where $`U_1𝒫_{B,X}`$, and $`U_1U_0^\mathrm{}_1U_1^1=U_0^\mathrm{}_2`$ in $`B(,n)`$.

In the latter case $`W_0=U_0`$, we note that $`U_1B(,n)`$ by the above remark and, by the antinormality of maximal cyclic subgroups of $`B(,n)`$ (see the proof of Lemma 2), we have that the subgroup $`U_0,U_1`$ is cyclic. Now the required inclusion $`U_1U_0`$ follows from the original maximality of $`U_0`$ in $`𝒦_{B,c}`$.

In the former case $`W_0=A^{k_0}F_0`$, the subgroup $`A^{k_0}F_0,A^{k_1}F_1A,(A)`$ is conjugate to a subgroup of $`𝒦_{B,c}`$ and, by the above remark, is cyclic. As before, it follows from the original maximality of $`W_0`$ in $`𝒦_{B,c}`$ that $`A^{k_0}F_0`$ is a generator of $`A^{k_0}F_0,A^{k_1}F_1`$. Hence, we have again that $`W_1W_0`$, as required. The proof of Lemma 3 is complete. ∎

Replacing the letters $`b_i`$, $`x_i`$, $`c`$ in the above construction by $`\overline{b}_i`$, $`\overline{x}_i`$, $`\overline{c}`$, $`i=1,\mathrm{},m`$, we analogously to (13), (16), (17) construct groups $`_{\overline{c}}`$, $`𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}`$, $`_{\overline{X}}`$, respectively.

Consider an HNN-extension $`𝒢_{X,\overline{X}}`$ of the direct product $`𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}`$ with stable letters $`x_1,\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{}`$, $`x_m,\overline{x}_m`$ defined as follows.

$$\begin{array}{c}_{X,\overline{X}}=𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}},x_1,\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},x_m,\overline{x}_mx_ib_jx_i^1=b_j,\overline{x}_i\overline{b}_j\overline{x}_i^1=\overline{b}_j,\hfill \\ \hfill x_icx_i^1=cb_i,\overline{x}_i\overline{c}\overline{x}_i^1=\overline{c}\overline{b}_i,i,j\{1,\mathrm{},m\}.\end{array}$$
(20)
###### Lemma 4.

Property $`(E)`$ holds for the group $`_{X,\overline{X}}`$, given by $`(\text{20})`$, with $`N_E=1`$.

Proof. Let $`A_{X,\overline{X}}`$, $`A`$ not conjugate to an element $`p𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}`$, and $`A^1p_0A=p_1`$, where $`p_0,p_1𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}`$. We may assume that if $`A=B`$ in $`𝒢_{X,\overline{X}}`$ then $`|A|_{𝒳\overline{𝒳}}|B|_{𝒳\overline{𝒳}}`$ ($`|A|_{𝒳\overline{𝒳}}`$ is the $`𝒳\overline{𝒳}`$-length of $`A`$, that is, the number of all occurrences of $`x^{\pm 1}`$ where $`x𝒳\overline{𝒳}`$) and that $`A`$ starts with $`x^{\pm 1}`$, where $`x𝒳\overline{𝒳}`$.

Considering a diagram $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ over the group $`_{X,\overline{X}}`$ with $`\mathrm{\Delta }=\mathrm{}urd`$, where

$$\phi (\mathrm{})=p_0,\phi (u)=A,\phi (r)=p_1^1,\phi (d)=A^1,$$

and arguing as in the proof of Lemma 3, we can show that all $`𝒳\overline{𝒳}`$-letters of $`A`$ are either in $`𝒳^{\pm 1}`$ or in $`\overline{𝒳}^{\pm 1}`$ (otherwise, $`p_0=1`$). For definiteness, assume that all $`𝒳\overline{𝒳}`$-letters of $`A`$ are in $`𝒳^{\pm 1}`$ (the other case is symmetric). Then it is clear that $`(A)=𝒦_{B,c}`$ and $`p_0𝒦_{B,c}`$. Let $`\stackrel{~}{A}`$ denote the image of $`A`$ under the projection $`_{X,\overline{X}}_X`$, where $`_X`$ is given by presentation (17), which erases all letters $`\overline{x}_j`$, $`\overline{b}_j`$, $`\overline{c}`$, $`j=1,\mathrm{},m`$. Note that $`A`$ acts on $`(A)`$ by conjugations as the word $`\stackrel{~}{A}`$ does. Therefore, the group $`\tau _A,(A)`$ is a homomorphic image of the subgroup $`\stackrel{~}{A},(A)_X/_X^n`$ (recall that $`(A)=𝒦_{B,c}`$ and $`𝒦_{B,c}`$ embeds in $`_X/_X^n`$). Thus, the group $`\tau _A,(A)`$ has exponent $`n`$ and so property (E) holds for $`A`$ with $`N_E=1`$. Lemma 4 is proved. ∎

Making the substitution $`d_ib_i`$, $`y_ix_i`$, $`ec`$, $`\overline{d}_i\overline{b}_i`$, $`\overline{y}_i\overline{x}_i`$, $`\overline{e}\overline{c}`$, we construct groups

$$_e,_{\overline{e}},𝒦_{D,e},𝒦_{\overline{D},\overline{e}},_{Y,\overline{Y}}$$

which are complete $`(d,y,e)`$-analogs of corresponding $`(b,x,c)`$-groups. In particular, we define

$$\begin{array}{c}_{Y,\overline{Y}}=𝒦_{D,e}\times 𝒦_{\overline{D},\overline{e}},y_1,\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},y_m,\overline{y}_my_id_jy_i^1=d_j,\overline{y}_i\overline{d}_j\overline{y}_i^1=\overline{d}_j,\hfill \\ \hfill y_iey_i^1=eb_i,\overline{y}_i\overline{e}\overline{y}_i^1=\overline{e}\overline{d}_i,i,j\{1,\mathrm{},m\}.\end{array}$$
(21)
Observe that the subgroup $`b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m,c\overline{c}`$ of $`𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}`$ is naturally isomorphic to $`𝒦_{B,c}`$ and the subgroup $`d_1\overline{d}_1a_1,\mathrm{},d_m\overline{d}_ma_m,e\overline{e}`$ of $`𝒦_{D,e}\times 𝒦_{\overline{D},\overline{e}}\times 𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n`$ is also naturally isomorphic to $`𝒦_{D,e}`$ (which is naturally isomorphic to $`𝒦_{B,c}`$), because the subgroup $`d_1\overline{d}_1,\mathrm{},d_m\overline{d}_m`$ of $`𝒦_{D,e}\times 𝒦_{\overline{D},\overline{e}}`$ is naturally isomorphic to the free Burnside group $`B(𝒟,n)`$ and so for every $`𝒜`$-word $`W`$ an inequality $`W(a_1,\mathrm{},a_m)1`$ in $`𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n`$ implies that $`W(d_1\overline{d}_1,\mathrm{},d_m\overline{d}_m)1`$ in $`𝒦_{D,e}\times 𝒦_{\overline{D},\overline{e}}`$. Therefore, the map

$$b_1\overline{b}_1d_1\overline{d}_1a_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_md_m\overline{d}_ma_m,c\overline{c}d\overline{d}$$

extends to an isomorphism of corresponding subgroups of $`𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}`$ and $`𝒦_{D,e}\times 𝒦_{\overline{D},\overline{e}}\times 𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n`$, where the group $`𝒢_A`$ is defined by (2).

Consider the free Burnside $`n`$-product

$$𝒬=(_{X,\overline{X}}/_{X,\overline{X}}^n)_n(_{Y,\overline{Y}}/_{Y,\overline{Y}}^n\times 𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n)$$
(22)
of the groups $`_{X,\overline{X}}/_{X,\overline{X}}^n`$ and $`_{Y,\overline{Y}}/_{Y,\overline{Y}}^n\times 𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n`$ (which is the quotient $`F_P/F_P^n`$ of their free product $`F_P=(_{X,\overline{X}}/_{X,\overline{X}}^n)(_{Y,\overline{Y}}/_{Y,\overline{Y}}^n\times 𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n)`$ by $`F_P^n`$). Next, in view of the isomorphism pointed out above, we can define an HNN-extension $`_z`$ of $`𝒬`$ as follows:

$$_z=𝒬,zzb_i\overline{b}_iz^1=d_i\overline{d}_ia_i,zc\overline{c}z^1=e\overline{e},i\{1,\mathrm{},m\}.$$
(23)
###### Lemma 5.

Property $`(E)`$ holds for the group $`_z`$, given by $`(\text{23})`$, with $`N_E=3`$.

Proof. This proof is analogous to the proof of Lemma 2. Assume that $`A_z`$, $`A`$ is not conjugate in $`_z`$ to $`p𝒬`$ and $`A^1p_{j1}A=p_j`$, where $`p_{j1},p_j𝒬`$ and $`j=1,2,3`$, $`p_01`$. Our goal is to show that $`p_0(A)`$ and the subgroup $`\tau _A,(A)`$ has exponent $`n`$.

As in the proof of Lemma 2, we can assume that $`A`$ is a reduced in $`_z`$ word, that is, if $`A=B`$ in $`_z`$ then $`|A|_z|B|_z`$, where $`|A|_z`$ is the $`z`$-length of the word $`A`$. Conjugating if necessary, we can also assume that $`A`$ starts with $`z^{\pm 1}`$.

As in the proof of Lemma 2, we consider reduced diagrams $`\mathrm{\Delta }(j)`$, $`j=1,2,3`$, over $`_z`$ and introduce the notation related to these diagrams and their $`z`$-bonds exactly as in that proof. As before, if for some $`i<|A|_z`$ we had that $`\phi (u_i(1))=\phi (u_{i+1}(1))`$ then, by the definition of presentation (23) of $`_z`$, we would have that one of words $`\phi (r_i(1))^1`$, $`\phi (\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1))`$ would be a word in the alphabet $`\{b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m,c\overline{c}\}^{\pm 1}`$ and the other one would be in the alphabet $`\{d_1\overline{d}_1a_1,\mathrm{},d_m\overline{d}_ma_m,e\overline{e}\}^{\pm 1}`$. However, these words are conjugate in $`𝒬`$ and so they must represent the trivial element of $`𝒬`$, contrary to $`p_01`$. By a similar argument, we can conclude that $`\phi (u_{|A|_z}(1))=\phi (u_1(1))^1`$. In particular, as in the proof of Lemma 2, this implies that $`|A|_z>1`$ and there is an $`i\{1,\mathrm{},|A|_z\}`$ such that

$$\phi (u_i(1))=z$$

and either $`i<|A|_z`$ or, otherwise, $`i=|A|_z=2`$. Let

$$\phi (r_i(1))^1=W_1(b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m,c\overline{c}).$$

As in before, it is convenient to denote $`r(1)`$ by $`\mathrm{}_{|A|_c+1}(1))^1`$, that is, to define $`\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1)`$ for $`i=|A|_z`$. Then $`\phi (\mathrm{}_{|A|_z+1}(1))=\phi (\mathrm{}_1(2))`$.

Recall that factors $`F_1,F_2`$ of a free Burnside $`n`$-product $`F_P/F_P^n=F_1_nF_2`$ of odd exponent $`n1`$ (say, $`n>10^{10}`$), where $`F_P=F_1F_2`$ is the free product, are antinormal in $`F_P/F_P^n`$ (e.g., see Lemma 34.10 \[O89\]). Since

$$\phi (v_i(1))\phi (\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1))\phi (v_i(1))^1=\phi (r_i(1))^11$$
(24)
and $`\phi (\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1))`$, $`\phi (r_i(1))^1`$ are in $`_{X,\overline{X}}/_{X,\overline{X}}^n`$, it follows that $`\phi (v_i(1))`$ is also in $`_{X,\overline{X}}/_{X,\overline{X}}^n`$. Hence, we may suppose that $`\phi (v_i(1))`$ is a word in the alphabet

$$^{\pm 1}\overline{}^{\pm 1}\{c^{\pm 1},\overline{c}^{\pm 1}\}𝒳^{\pm 1}\overline{𝒳}^{\pm 1}.$$

Consider a graded presentation for the group $`_{X,\overline{X}}/_{X,\overline{X}}^n`$ which, by results of \[I02b\] and Lemma 4, can be constructed as in \[I02b\]:

$$\begin{array}{c}_{X,\overline{X}}/_{X,\overline{X}}^n=_{X,\overline{X}}(\mathrm{})=𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}},x_1,\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},x_m,\overline{x}_mx_jb_kx_j^1=b_k,\hfill \\ \hfill \overline{x}_j\overline{b}_k\overline{x}_j^1=\overline{b}_k,x_jcx_j^1=cb_j,\overline{x}_j\overline{c}\overline{x}_j^1=\overline{c}\overline{b}_j,j,k\{1,\mathrm{},m\},\\ \hfill A^n=1,A_{i=1}^{\mathrm{}}𝒳_i.\end{array}$$
(25)
Let $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ be a disk diagram over the presentation (25) for the equality (24) and $`\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$ be an annular diagram obtained from $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ by identifying sections of the contour of $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ labelled by $`\phi (v_i(1))`$ and $`\phi (v_i(1))^1`$. Since contours of $`\mathrm{\Delta }_0`$ are labelled by $`W_1(b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m,c\overline{c})`$ and

$$\phi (\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1))^1=W_2(b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m,c\overline{c}),$$

it follows that every $`x`$\- or $`\overline{x}`$-annulus will be contractible (otherwise, a word of the form $`F(b_1,\mathrm{},b_m,c)`$ or $`F(\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{b}_m,\overline{c})`$ would be conjugate in $`𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}`$ to $`W_1(b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m,c\overline{c})`$ or to $`W_2(b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m,c\overline{c})^1`$, whence $`p_0=1`$). This observation (together with a standard argument as in the proof of Lemma 3) enables us to conclude that if $`\phi (u_i(1))=z`$ then

$$\phi (v_i(1))𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}.$$
(26)
Now suppose that

$$\phi (u_i(1))=z^1$$

for some $`i\{1,\mathrm{},|A|_z\}`$. Then $`\phi (r_i(1))^1`$, $`\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1)`$ are words in the alphabet $`\{d_1\overline{d}_1a_1,\mathrm{},d_m\overline{d}_ma_m,e\overline{e}\}^{\pm 1}`$ and, in the above arguments, we have to replace the group $`_{X,\overline{X}}/_{X,\overline{X}}^n`$ by $`(_{Y,\overline{Y}}/_{Y,\overline{Y}}^n)\times (𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n)`$. However, if we disregard $`𝒢_A`$-components of elements of the direct product $`(_{Y,\overline{Y}}/_{Y,\overline{Y}}^n)\times (𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n)`$ then our arguments are retained and so we can conclude that if $`\phi (u_i(1))=z^1`$ then

$$\phi (v_i(1))𝒦_{D,e}\times 𝒦_{\overline{D},\overline{e}}\times 𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n.$$
(27)
Now suppose again that $`\phi (u_i(1))=z`$ for some $`i\{1,\mathrm{},|A|_z\}`$ (and either $`i<|A|_z`$ or $`i=|A|_z=2`$). Denote

$$\phi (r_i(1))^1=W_1(b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m,c\overline{c})=W_1\overline{W}_1,$$

$$\phi (\mathrm{}_{i+1}(1))=W_2(b_1\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},b_m\overline{b}_m,c\overline{c})=W_2\overline{W}_2,$$

$$\phi (v_i(1))=U(b_1,\mathrm{},b_m,c)V(\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{b}_m,\overline{c})=U\overline{V},$$

where $`W_1=W_1(b_1,\mathrm{},b_m,c)`$, $`\overline{W}_1=W_1(\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{b}_m,\overline{c})`$ and so on. Clearly,

$$U^1W_1U=W_2,\overline{V}^1\overline{W}_1\overline{V}=\overline{W}_2,V^1W_1V=W_2,$$

whence

$$VU^1W_1UV^1=W_1$$
(28)
in $`𝒦_{B,c}`$. Let the word

$$P(,c,\overline{},\overline{c})=P_1(b_1,\mathrm{},b_m,c)P_2(\overline{b}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{b}_m,\overline{c})=P_1\overline{P}_2𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}$$

be obtained from the cyclic permutation $`\overline{A}`$ of $`A=\phi (u(1))`$ that starts with $`\phi (u_i(1))`$ by deletion of all letters $`z^{\pm 1}`$, $`a_j^{\pm 1}\}`$ and by replacing the letters $`d_j`$, $`\overline{d}_j`$, $`e`$, $`\overline{e}`$ by $`b_j`$, $`\overline{b}_j`$, $`c`$, $`\overline{c}`$, respectively, where $`j=1,\mathrm{},m`$. It is not difficult to see from inclusions (26)–(27) that $`\phi (r_i(2))^1=P^1\phi (r_i(1))^1P`$ in $`𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}`$. Hence, we have in the group $`𝒦_{B,c}\times 𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}`$ that

$$\begin{array}{c}\phi (r_i(2))^1=P^1\phi (r_i(1))^1P=P_1^1W_1P_1\overline{P}_2^1\overline{W}_1\overline{P}_2=P_1^1W_1P_1\overline{P}_1^1\overline{W}_1\overline{P}_1.\hfill \end{array}$$

Repeating the above argument for $`\phi (r_i(2))`$, $`\mathrm{\Delta }(2)`$, we analogously to (28) obtain that

$$VU^1P_1^1W_1P_1UV^1=P_1^1W_1P_1$$
(29)
in $`𝒦_{B,c}`$. Let $`W_0`$ be a maximal cyclic subgroup of $`𝒦_{B,c}`$ that contains $`W_11`$. By Lemma 3, it follows from (28)–(29) that $`VU^1W_0`$ and $`VU^1P_1^1W_0P_1`$. By Lemma 3, this implies that either $`VU^1=1`$ in $`𝒦_{B,c}`$ or $`W_0=P_1W_0P_1^1`$. As in the proof of Lemma 2, the equality $`VU^1=1`$ contradicts either the minimality of $`|A|_z`$ when $`i<|A|_z`$ or the assumption that $`A`$ is not conjugate to an element $`p𝒬`$ when $`i=|A|_z=2`$. Therefore, $`W_0=P_1^1W_0P_1`$ and, by Lemma 3, $`P_1W_0`$. Now we can conclude that $`A^1p_0A=p_0`$, $`p_0(A)`$, $`\tau _A=1`$ and $`\tau _A,(A)`$ has exponent $`n`$. The proof of Lemma 5 is complete. ∎

## 3. Proofs of Theorems 1–3

Proof of Theorem 1. Observe that, by definition of the presentation (23) for $`_z`$, there is a natural homomorphism $`𝒢_U_z`$. Indeed, defining relations (9) of $`𝒢_U`$ hold in $`_z`$ given by (23), relations (8) of $`𝒢_U`$ hold in $`𝒬`$ given by (22), relations (3), (4), (6), (7) of $`𝒢_U`$ hold in groups $`_{X,\overline{X}}`$, $`_{Y,\overline{Y}}`$ given by (20), (21) and relations (5) of $`𝒢_U`$ hold in groups $`𝒦_{B,c}`$, $`𝒦_{\overline{B},\overline{c}}`$, $`𝒦_{D,e}`$, $`𝒦_{\overline{D},\overline{e}}`$ (see (16)).

Furthermore, note that defining relations of the group $`_z`$ are (3)–(9) and all other defining relators of $`_z`$ are words in $`\text{Ker}\alpha _UF(𝒰)^n`$, where $`\alpha _U:F(𝒰)𝒢_U`$ is the natural homomorphism (because this is the case for groups $`𝒬`$, $`_{X,\overline{X}}`$, $`_{Y,\overline{Y}}`$). Consequently, we may conclude that the groups $`𝒢_U/𝒢_U^n`$ and $`_z/_z^n`$ are naturally isomorphic. By Lemma 5 and results of \[I02b\], the group $`𝒬`$ and hence $`𝒢_A/𝒢_A^n=a_1,\mathrm{},a_m𝒬`$ both naturally embed in the quotient $`_z/_z^n=𝒢_U/𝒢_U^n`$.

Let $`n>2^{48}`$ be odd and

$$𝒢_{A,0}=𝒜R=1,R_{A,0},$$

where $`_{A,0}=F(𝒜)^n`$. Then $`𝒢_{A,0}=F(𝒜)/F(𝒜)^n=B(𝒜,n)`$ is the free Burnside group of exponent $`n`$ in $`𝒜`$. By Lemma 1, the group $`𝒢_{A,0}=a_1,\mathrm{},a_m`$ embeds in $`𝒢_U=𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})`$ given by (10) and, by Lemma 5 and results of \[I02b\], $`𝒢_{A,0}=a_1,\mathrm{},a_m`$ also naturally embeds in $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})^n`$.

Let $`𝒦`$ be a normal subgroup of $`𝒢_{A,0}`$ and

$$𝒢_{A,1}=𝒢_{A,0}/𝒦=𝒜R=1,R_{A,1}$$

be a presentation for the quotient $`𝒢_{A,1}=𝒢_{A,0}/𝒦`$. Consider another group $`𝒢_U=𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,1})`$ defined by presentation (10) in which we now use the group $`𝒢_{A,1}`$. By Lemma 1, results of \[I02b\] and Lemma 5, the group $`𝒢_{A,1}=a_1,\mathrm{},a_m`$ naturally embeds in both $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,1})`$ and $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,1})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,1})^n`$. On the other hand, it is immediate from definitions that the group $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,1})`$ is naturally isomorphic to the quotient $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})/𝒦^{𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})}`$. Hence, $`𝒦^{𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})}𝒢_{A,0}=𝒦`$ for an arbitrary normal subgroup $`𝒦`$ of $`𝒢_{A,0}`$ and so $`𝒢_{A,0}`$ is a $`Q`$-subgroup of $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})`$.

Analogously, the group $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,1})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,1})^n`$ is naturally isomorphic to the quotient

$$(𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})^n)/𝒦^{𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})^n}$$

and, therefore, in view of the natural embedding $`𝒢_{A,1}𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,1})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,1})^n`$, we have that $`𝒦^{𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})^n}𝒢_{A,0}=𝒦`$ and so $`𝒢_{A,0}=B(𝒜,n)`$ is a $`Q`$-subgroup of $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})^n`$ as well.

Thus, $`𝒢_{A,0}=a_1,\mathrm{},a_m𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})`$ is a required embedding and Theorem 1 is proved. ∎

Proof of Theorem 2. As in the proof of Theorem 1, let

$$𝒢_{A,0}=𝒜R=1,R_{A,0},$$

where $`_{A,0}=F(𝒜)^n`$, so that $`𝒢_{A,0}=B(𝒜,n)`$. Let a verbal subgroup $`𝒱(B(2,n))`$ of $`B(2,n)`$ be nontrivial. By results of \[I02c\], we can pick $`|𝒰|+2`$ $`𝒜`$-words $`V_1,\mathrm{},V_{|𝒰|}`$, $`V_{|𝒰|+1}`$, $`V_{|𝒰|+2}`$ in the verbal subgroup $`𝒱(𝒢_{A,0})\{1\}`$ which generate a $`Q`$-subgroup of $`𝒢_{A,0}=B(𝒜,n)`$ naturally isomorphic to a free Burnside group $`B(|𝒰|+2,n)`$ of rank $`|𝒰|+2`$ and exponent $`n`$. Note that the property of being a $`Q`$-subgroup is obviously transitive. Hence, it follows from Theorem 1 that $`V_1,\mathrm{},V_{|𝒰|}`$ is a $`Q`$-subgroup of both $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})`$ and $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})^n`$.

Let $`(u_1,\mathrm{},u_{|𝒰|})`$ be an ordering of all letters of the alphabet $`𝒰`$ given by (1) so that $`u_1=a_1,\mathrm{}`$, $`u_m=a_m`$. By induction on $`i1`$, define the group $`𝒢_{A,i}`$ by presentation

$$𝒢_{A,i}=𝒜R=1,R_{A,i},$$

where $`_{A,i1}_{A,i}`$ and the set difference $`_{A,i}_{A,i1}`$ consists of all words of the form $`W(V_1,\mathrm{},V_{|𝒰|})`$ such that $`W(u_1,\mathrm{},u_{|𝒰|})=1`$ in the group $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,i1})`$ given by (10) with $`𝒢_A=𝒢_{A,i1}`$, $`i1`$.

It follows from definitions that a group $`𝒢_U(𝒢_A)`$, defined by (10), can be given by defining relations (3)–(9) and defining relations (modulo $`F(𝒜)^n`$) of $`𝒢_A`$. Therefore, without altering the groups $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,i})`$, we can change sets $`_{A,i}`$ by $`_{A,i}^{}`$ so that $`_{A,0}^{}`$ is empty, $`_{A,1}^{}`$ contains only relators corresponding to relations (3)–(9), and $`_{A,i}^{}_{A,i1}^{}`$, when $`i>1`$, consists of words of the form $`W(V_1,\mathrm{},V_m)`$ such that $`W(a_1,\mathrm{},a_m)=1`$ in $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,i1})`$ or in $`𝒢_{A,i1}`$ (for $`𝒢_{A,i1}`$ naturally embeds in $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,i1})`$ by Lemma 1).

Consider the limit group

$$𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}}=𝒜R=1,R_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}_{A,i}^{}.$$

It follows from definitions that if $`W(u_1,\mathrm{},u_{|𝒰|})=1`$ in the group $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})`$, defined by (10) with $`𝒢_A=𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}}`$, then $`W(V_1,\mathrm{},V_{|𝒰|})=1`$ in $`𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}}`$. Hence, the map $`u_jV_j`$, $`j=1,\mathrm{},|𝒰|`$, extends to a homomorphism $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}}`$. By Theorem 1, the group $`𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}}`$ naturally embeds in $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})^n`$. On the other hand, it is easy to see from the definition of defining relations of $`𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}}`$ that the map $`u_jV_j`$, $`j=1,\mathrm{},|𝒰|`$, extends to an isomorphism

$$𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})^nV_1,\mathrm{},V_{|𝒰|}𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}}.$$

Hence, we can consider the following HNN-extension of $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})^n`$:

$$_t=𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})^n,ttu_jt^1=V_j,j=1,\mathrm{},|𝒰|.$$
(30)
Recall that the set $`_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}_{A,i}^{}`$ consists of words in $`\{V_1^{\pm 1},\mathrm{},V_{|𝒰|}^{\pm 1}\}`$ and, by Theorem 1, $`V_1,\mathrm{},V_{|𝒰|+2}`$ is a $`Q`$-subgroup of $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,0})^n`$ isomorphic to $`B(|𝒰|+2,n)`$. This implies that the subgroup $`V_{|𝒰|+1},V_{|𝒰|+2}`$ of the quotient $`𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})/𝒢_U(𝒢_{A,\mathrm{}})^n`$ is isomorphic to $`B(2,n)`$. Observe that any word in $`𝒰^{\pm 1}t^{\pm 1}`$ with 0 sum of exponents on $`t`$ is equal in $`_t`$ to a word of the form $`t^kW(𝒰)t^k`$ with $`k0`$. Hence, the kernel $`𝒦_t`$ of the epimorphism $`\psi _t:𝒦_tt_{\mathrm{}}`$, given by $`\psi _t(t)=t`$, $`\psi _t(u)=1`$, $`u𝒰`$, is a group of exponent $`n`$ which contains a subgroup isomorphic to $`B(2,n)`$. Since $`V_1,\mathrm{},V_{|𝒰|}`$ are in the verbal subgroup $`𝒱(𝒢_{A,0})`$ and every element of $`_t`$ is conjugate to a word of the form $`W(V_1,\mathrm{},V_{|𝒰|})`$, it follows that $`𝒦_t=𝒱(𝒦_t)`$.

Now we consider the following finite presentation

$$𝒢_{T2}=𝒰,t(\text{3})(\text{9}),tu_jt^1=V_j,j=1,\mathrm{},|𝒰|$$
(31)
(recall that $`V_1,V_2,\mathrm{}`$ are $`𝒜`$-words) and observe that, by definitions and an obvious induction on $`i0`$, we have that if $`R_{A,i}^{}`$ then $`R=1`$ in $`𝒢_{T2}`$. Hence, $`R=1`$ in $`𝒢_{T2}`$ for every $`R_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}_{A,i}^{}`$. By Lemma 1, relations (3)–(9) guarantee that the subgroup $`V_1,\mathrm{},V_{|𝒰|}`$ of $`𝒢_{T2}`$ has exponent $`n`$ and so the subgroup $`𝒰`$ of $`𝒢_{T2}`$ also has exponent $`n`$. Now we can see that all defining relations of the group $`_t`$ given by (30) hold in $`𝒢_{T2}`$. On the other hand, it is obvious that all defining relations of $`𝒢_{T2}`$ hold in $`_t`$. Thus, the groups $`𝒢_{T2}`$ and $`_t`$ are naturally isomorphic and the groups $`𝒢_{T2}=_t`$, $`𝒦_{T2}=𝒦_t`$ have all desired properties. Theorem 2 is proved. ∎

Proof of Theorem 3. This is similar to the proof of Theorem B \[I02a\]. Let $`n>2^{48}`$ be odd, $`𝒜(0)`$ be an alphabet with $`|𝒜(0)|>1`$ and $`G(0)=𝒜(0)R=1,R(0)`$, where $`(0)`$ is empty, so that $`G(0)=F(𝒜(0))`$ is the free group in $`𝒜(0)`$. By induction on $`i1`$, we will construct the alphabet $`𝒜(i)`$, the relator set $`(i)`$, and the group $`G(i)=𝒜(i)R=1,R(i)`$. To do this, we apply construction of presentation (10) with $`𝒜=𝒜(i1)`$, $`_A=(i1)`$ and $`𝒢_A=G(i1)`$. Then $`𝒜(i)=𝒰`$,

$$G(i)=𝒜(i)(\text{3})(\text{9}),R=1,R_A=(i1)$$

and the set $`(i)`$ consists of all words $`R`$, where $`R=1`$ are rewritten in this form relations of $`G(i)`$. By induction and Theorem 1, the groups $`G(0)/G(0)^n=B(𝒜(0),n)`$, $`\mathrm{}`$, $`G(i1)/G(i1)^n`$ are all naturally embed in $`G(i)`$. Therefore, the group

$$𝒢_{T3}=G(\mathrm{})=𝒜(\mathrm{})=_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}𝒜(i)R=1,R(\mathrm{})=_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}(i)$$

is a group of exponent $`n`$ such that all groups

$$G(0)/G(0)^n=B(𝒜(0),n),\mathrm{},G(i)/G(i)^n,\mathrm{}$$

are naturally embed in $`𝒢_{T3}=G(\mathrm{})`$. In particular, $`𝒢_{T3}`$ contains a subgroup isomorphic to $`B(2,n)B(𝒜(0),n)`$ and if $`W_1,\mathrm{},W_k`$ are some $`𝒜(\mathrm{})`$-words, say $`𝒜(j)`$-words, $`j0`$, then the subgroup $`W_1,\mathrm{},W_k`$ of $`𝒢_{T3}`$ is naturally isomorphic to the subgroup $`W_1,\mathrm{},W_k`$ of finite subpresentation

$$G(j+1)=𝒜(j+1)R=1,R(j+1),$$

of $`𝒢_{T3}`$. Thus, $`𝒢_{T3}`$ is a weakly finitely presented group of exponent $`n`$ which contains a subgroup isomorphic to $`B(2,n)`$. Theorem 3 is proved. ∎