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# The geometry of the parabolic Hilbert schemes

## 1 Introduction

### 1.1 Preliminary

#### 1.1.1 Parabolic Hilbert schemes and our purpose in this paper

Let $`X`$ be a smooth projective surface over an algebraically closed field $`k`$, and $`D`$ be a smooth divisor of $`X`$. Let $`E`$ be a torsion-free sheaf. We consider a filtration of $`𝒪_D`$-modules $`𝒢_{}=\{𝒢_\alpha |\alpha \}`$, where $`𝒢_\alpha `$ is a quotient sheaf of $`𝒢_{\alpha 1}`$ and there are numbers $`\alpha _{}`$ and $`\alpha _+`$ satisfying the following: $`𝒢_\alpha =E𝒪_D`$ for any $`\alpha <\alpha _{}`$ and $`𝒢_\alpha =0`$ for any $`\alpha \alpha _+`$. Such filtration is called a parabolic structure. A tuple $`(I,𝒢_{})`$ of ideal $`I`$ of points on $`X`$ and a parabolic structure $`𝒢_{}`$ of $`I`$ at $`D`$ is called a parabolic ideal of points on $`(X,D)`$. The moduli schemes of parabolic ideals of points are called the parabolic Hilbert scheme of points on $`X`$.

We put $`𝒦_\alpha :=Ker(𝒢_\alpha 𝒢_{\alpha +1})`$ and $`𝒪_Z:=𝒪/I`$ for a parabolic ideal $`(I,𝒢_{})`$. We have the unique jumping number $`\alpha _0`$ such that $`𝒦_{\alpha _0}`$ is not torsion as an $`𝒪_D`$-module. In this paper, we consider only the parabolic ideals whose jumping numbers are $`0`$. Let $`O`$ be a point of $`X`$. The condition $`Supp(𝒪_X/I)_{\alpha 0}Supp(𝒦_\alpha )\{O\}`$ determines the closed subschemes of the parabolic Hilbert schemes. Such closed subschemes are called the punctual parabolic Hilbert schemes.

The starting point of the study is the following:

###### Theorem 1.1 (Corollary 2.1)

Let $`X`$ be a smooth surface and $`D`$ be a smooth divisor. The parabolic Hilbert schemes of points on $`(X,D)`$ are smooth.

Thus we obtain a family of smooth varieties which are moduli scheme of some algebro-geometric objects. It seems natural to expect some interesting properties for such a family as in the case of usual Hilbert schemes of points on a smooth surface. The study of Hilbert schemes of points on a smooth projective surface is one of the most exciting subjects in the recent mathematics. What the author would like to do first in the study of parabolic Hilbert schemes is to generalize the excellent researches for the Hilbert schemes of points on a smooth surface. In this paper, we will discuss the following:

* We see the structure of the punctual parabolic Hilbert schemes. We obtain the cell decomposition and an extension of the theorem of Briançon.
* We consider the classes of the parabolic Hilbert schemes in the Grothendieck ring $`K_0(V_k)`$ of the smooth varieties over $`k`$. We will obtain the formula to describe the parabolic Hilbert schemes in terms of the symmetric powers of $`X`$ and $`D`$. In particular, we obtain the formula of the Betti number of the parabolic Hilbert schemes. It is a generalization of the formula of Göttsche.
* We see the operators obtained as the correspondence map induced by some incidence varieties. We will obtain the extension of Nakajima-Grojnowski theory in our parabolic Hilbert schemes.

#### 1.1.2 Some notation

We denote the set of integers by $``$. We denote the set of integers larger (resp. less) than $`i`$ by $`_i`$ (resp. $`_i`$). We put $`𝒰_\alpha =`$ for any $`\alpha `$. We put as follows:

$$𝒰:=\underset{\alpha }{}𝒰_\alpha ,𝒰_{}:=\underset{\alpha <0}{}𝒰_\alpha ,𝒰_+:=\underset{\alpha >0}{}𝒰_\alpha .$$

We have the natural direct sum decomposition $`𝒰=𝒰_0𝒰_+𝒰_{}`$. We denote the projection of $`𝒰`$ onto $`𝒰_\alpha `$ by $`\rho _\alpha `$ for any integer $`\alpha `$. The restrictions of $`\rho _\alpha `$ $`(\alpha )`$ to $`𝒰_+`$ and $`𝒰_{}`$ are also denoted by $`\rho _\alpha `$. We denote the projections of $`𝒰`$ onto $`𝒰_+`$ and $`𝒰_{}`$ by $`\rho _+`$ and $`\rho _{}`$ respectively. We put $`\rho :=\rho _{}\rho _+`$.

For any element $`𝒗𝒰`$, we put as follows:

$$|𝒗|:=\underset{\alpha }{}|\rho _\alpha (𝒗)|,|𝒗|_+:=\underset{\alpha >0}{}|\rho _\alpha (𝒗)|,|𝒗|_{}:=\underset{\alpha <0}{}|\rho _\alpha (𝒗)|,d(𝒗):=2\rho _0(𝒗)+|𝒗|_+|𝒗|_{}.$$

We put $`𝒜:=\{𝒗𝒯|\rho _\alpha (𝒗)0(\alpha ),\rho _0(𝒗)|𝒗|_{}0\}`$.

Let $`𝒆_\alpha `$ be the element of $`𝒰`$ such that $`\rho _\beta (𝒆_\alpha )`$ is $`0(\beta \alpha )`$ or $`1(\beta =\alpha )`$. We put as follows:

$$C_\alpha :=\{\begin{array}{cc}\{m𝒆_0+𝒆_\alpha |m_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}\},\hfill & (\alpha >0),\hfill \\ \{m𝒆_0+𝒆_\alpha |m_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}}\},\hfill & (\alpha <0),\hfill \\ \{m𝒆_0|m_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}}\},\hfill & (\alpha =0).\hfill \end{array}$$

We put $`C_+:=_{\alpha >0}C_\alpha `$, $`C_{}:=_{\alpha <0}C_\alpha `$ and $`C=C_{}C_+C_0`$. The set $`C`$ is defined to be $`\{𝒗𝒰|𝒗C\}`$. Similarly we obtain the sets $`C_0`$, $`C_+`$, and $`C_{}`$. We put $`\stackrel{~}{C}:=C(C)`$. Similarly the subsets $`\stackrel{~}{C}_+`$, $`\stackrel{~}{C}_0`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{C}_{}`$ are defined.

The function $`g`$ on the set $`\stackrel{~}{C}`$ is defined as follows:

$$g(𝒖)=\{\begin{array}{cc}\hfill 1& (𝒖C_+,\text{ or }𝒖C_{})\hfill \\ \hfill 0& (\text{otherwise}).\hfill \end{array}$$
(1)
For an element $`𝒖`$ of $`\stackrel{~}{C}`$, let $`\mathrm{max}(0,𝒖)`$ denote $`𝒖`$ $`(𝒖C)`$ or $`0`$ $`(𝒖C)`$.

Let $`x_\alpha `$ $`(\alpha )`$ be variables. For any finite subset $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$, we have the ring of formal power series $`_\mathrm{\Lambda }:=[[x_\lambda (\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda })]]`$. For two finite subsets $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_i`$ $`(i=1,2)`$ of $``$ such that $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_1\mathrm{\Lambda }_2`$, we have the natural morphism $`_{\mathrm{\Lambda }_2}_{\mathrm{\Lambda }_1}`$. Thus we put $`:=\underset{}{\mathrm{lim}}_\mathrm{\Lambda }_\mathrm{\Lambda }`$. Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒰`$ satisfying $`\rho _\alpha (𝒗)0`$. The element $`_\alpha x_\alpha ^{\rho _\alpha (𝒗)}`$ of $``$ is denoted by $`x^𝒗`$.

#### 1.1.3 The length of parabolic ideals

Let $`x`$ be a point of $`X`$ and $``$ be a coherent sheaf on $`X`$ with finite length. We denote the length of $``$ at the point $`x`$ by $`length_x()`$. We denote the length of $``$ by $`length()`$, that is $`_{xX}length_x()=length()`$.

Let $`(I,𝒢_{})`$ be a parabolic ideal of points on $`(X,D)`$. Let $`x`$ be a point of $`X`$. Then we have the numbers $`length_x(𝒦_\alpha )𝒰_\alpha `$ for any $`\alpha 0`$ and $`length_x(𝒪_Z)𝒰_0`$. Thus we obtain the element of $`𝒰`$. We denote it by $`length_x(I,𝒢_{})`$.

###### Lemma 1.1

$`length_x(I,𝒢_{})`$ is contained in $`𝒜`$.

Proof We put $`K:=Ker(I𝒪_D𝒢_0)`$. We have to show the inequality $`length_x(K)length_x(𝒪_Z)`$. We denote the torsion part of $`I𝒪_D`$ by $`T`$. Then we only have to show the inequality $`length_x(T)length_x(𝒪_Z)`$. The sheaf $`T`$ is isomorphic to $`Tor^1(𝒪_Z,𝒪_D)`$. We have an injection $`Tor^1(𝒪_Z,𝒪_D)𝒪_Z𝒪(D)`$. Thus we obtain the inequality desired.

We put $`length(I,𝒢_{}):=_{xX}length_x(I,𝒢_{})`$. We call it the length of parabolic ideal $`(I,𝒢_{})`$. It is also the element of $`𝒜`$.

#### 1.1.4 The parabolic Hilbert schemes and the symmetric powers associated with $`𝒗`$

In general, we denote the $`n`$-th symmetric power of a scheme $`Y`$ by $`Y^{(n)}`$ for any integer $`n`$. We have the natural projection $`Y^nY^{(n)}`$. We denote the image of $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)Y^n`$ via the projection by $`_ix_i`$. It can be rewritten as $`_{xX}f(x)x`$.

The variety $`Y_\alpha `$ is defined to be $`X`$ $`(\alpha =0)`$ or $`D`$ $`(\alpha 0)`$. Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒯`$ satisfying $`\rho _\alpha (𝒗)0`$ for any $`\alpha `$. Then we put $`X^{(𝒗)}:=_\alpha Y_\alpha ^{(\rho _\alpha (𝒗))}`$. On the other hand, we denote the moduli scheme of parabolic ideals of points with parabolic length $`𝒗`$ by $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ for any element $`𝒗𝒜`$. In particular, if $`𝒗=n𝒆_0`$, then we denote $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ also by $`X^{[n]}`$.

In general, we put $`Supp():=_{xX}length_x()xX^{(length())}`$ for a coherent sheaf $``$ on $`X`$. For a parabolic ideal $`(I,𝒢_{})`$, we have the points $`Supp(𝒪_Z)X^{(length(𝒪_Z))}`$, and $`Supp(𝒦_\alpha )D^{(length(𝒦_\alpha ))}`$ $`(\alpha 0)`$. Thus we have the natural morphisms $`X^{[𝒗]}Y_0^{(\rho _0(𝒗))}`$ given by the correspondence $`(I,𝒢_{})Supp(𝒪_Z)`$, and $`X^{[𝒗]}Y_\alpha ^{(\rho _\alpha (𝒗))}`$ given by the correspondence $`(I,𝒢_{})Supp(𝒦_\alpha )`$. Thus we have the Hilbert-Chow morphism $`X^{[𝒗]}X^{(𝒗)}`$.

### 1.2 The main results

#### 1.2.1 Poincaré Polynomials

One of our purpose in this paper is to obtain the formula to describe the class of the parabolic Hilbert schemes in terms of the symmetric powers of $`X`$ and $`D`$, in the Grotendieck group $`K_0(V_k)`$ of smooth $`k`$-varieties over $`k`$. Let $`A^l`$ denote an $`l`$-dimensional affine space over $`k`$. For a variety $`Y`$ and an integer $`a`$, we put as follows:

$$S_a(Y,t)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(Y\times A^a)^{(n)}t^nK_0(V_k)[[t]].$$

###### Theorem 1.2 (Göttsche )

Let $`X`$ be a smooth surface over an algebraically closed field $`k`$. In $`K_0(V_k)[[t]]`$, the following equality holds:

$$\underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}X^{[n]}t^n=\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}S_{i1}(X,t^i).$$
(2)
When the ground field $`k`$ is the complex number field $`𝐂`$, we can obtain the formula of the generating function of the $`E`$-polynomials of $`X^{[n]}`$ in terms of those of the symmetric powers of $`X`$.

###### Remark 1.1

Note that de Cataldo and Migliorini proved the equality $`(\text{2})`$ holds as Chow motives ().

We prove the following equality.

###### Theorem 1.3 (Theorem 3.1)

Let $`X`$ be a smooth surface over an algebraically closed field $`k`$, and $`D`$ be a smooth divisor of $`X`$. Let $`X^{[𝐯]}`$ denote the parabolic Hilbert scheme of points on $`(X,D)`$ with parabolic length $`𝐯`$ $`(𝐯𝒜)`$. In $`K_0(V_k)`$, the following formula holds:

$$\underset{𝒗𝒜}{}X^{[𝒗]}x^𝒗=\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}S_{i1}(X,x_0^i)\times \underset{\alpha <0}{}\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}S_{i1}(D,x_0^ix_\alpha )\times \underset{\alpha >0}{}\underset{i=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}S_i(D,x_0^ix_\alpha ).$$
(3)
When the ground field $`k`$ is the complex number field $`𝐂`$, we obtain the formula of the generating function of the $`E`$-polynomials of $`X^{[𝐯]}`$ in terms of those of the symmetric powers of $`X`$ and $`D`$.

As a corollary, we can calculate the Betti number of the parabolic Hilbert scheme for a smooth projective surface $`X`$ and a smooth divisor $`D`$. In general, we denote the Poincaré polynomial by $`P(Y,z)`$ with a variable $`z`$, and we denote the $`i`$-th Betti number by $`b_i(Y)`$ for a topological space $`Y`$. We denote the generating function $`_{n=0}^{\mathrm{}}P(X^{[n]},z)t^n`$ by $`\stackrel{~}{P}_X(z,t)`$, which was calculated by Göttsche:

$$\stackrel{~}{P}_X(z,t)=\underset{m1}{}\frac{(1+z^{2m1}t^m)^{b_1(X)}(1+z^{2m+1}t^m)^{b_3(X)}}{(1z^{2m2}t^m)^{b_0(X)}(1z^{2m}t^m)^{b_2(X)}(1z^{2m+2}t^m)^{b_4(X)}}.$$

We can derive the following formula of the generating function of the Poincaré polynomials of parabolic Hilbert schemes of points on $`(X,D)`$ from the equality (3). For $`a=0,1`$ and for $`\alpha \{0\}`$, we put as follows:

$$\stackrel{~}{P}_D(z,x_0,x_\alpha ,a):=\underset{ma}{}\frac{(1+z^{2(ma)+1}x_0^mx_\alpha )^{b_1(D)}}{(1z^{2(ma)}x_0^mx_\alpha )^{b_0(D)}(1z^{2(ma)+2}x_0^mx_\alpha )^{b_2(D)}}.$$

###### Corollary 1.1

Let $`X`$ be a smooth projective surface over the complex number field $`𝐂`$, and $`D`$ be a smooth divisor of $`X`$. We consider the generating function of the Poincaré polynomials with variable $`z`$ of the parabolic Hilbert schemes. The following formula holds in $`[z]`$:

$$\underset{𝒗𝒜}{}P(X^{[𝒗]},z)x^𝒗=\stackrel{~}{P}_X(z,x_0)\times \underset{\alpha <0}{}\stackrel{~}{P}_D(z,x_0,x_\alpha ,1)\times \underset{\alpha >0}{}\stackrel{~}{P}_D(z,x_0,x_\alpha ,0).$$
(4)
###### Remark 1.2

By using the result of de Cataldo-Migliorini  and our cell decomposition in section 3, we can show that the equality $`(\text{3})`$ holds as the Chow motive. The purpose of the argument in subsection 2.3 and section 3.5 is to clarify the combinatorics to derive the formula $`(\text{4})`$ directly from the cell decomposition.

#### 1.2.2 The incidence varieties and the induced operations

For any element $`𝒖`$ of $`\stackrel{~}{C}`$, the variety $`Y_𝒖`$ is defined to be $`X(\rho (𝒖)=0)`$ or $`D(\rho (𝒖)0)`$. For any element $`𝒗𝒜`$, we put $`\stackrel{~}{C}(𝒗):=\{𝒖\stackrel{~}{C}|𝒗+𝒖𝒜\}`$. Then we define the incidence variety $`Z(𝒗,𝒖)X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_𝒖\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖]}`$ for any $`𝒗𝒜`$ and $`𝒖\stackrel{~}{C}(𝒗)`$. It is defined to be the closure of the following locally closed subscheme:

$$\{((I_1,𝒢_1),x,(I_2,𝒢_2))|.\begin{array}{c}(I_1,𝒢_{1,})=(I_2,𝒢_{2,})\text{ on }X\{x\}\text{}\hfill \\ length_x(𝒪/I_1,𝒢_{1,})=\mathrm{max}(0,𝒖),length_x(𝒪/I_2,𝒢_{2,})=\mathrm{max}(0,𝒖)\hfill \end{array}\}.$$

The dimension of $`Z(𝒗,𝒖)`$ is $`d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖)+1+g(𝒖)`$.

Let $`H^{}`$ be an appropriate cohomology theory defined for algebraic varieties. For example, we consider the singular cohomology defined for algebraic varieties over the complex number field $`𝐂`$. We put as follows:

$$(X,D):=\underset{𝒗𝒜}{}H^{}(X^{[𝒗]})x^𝒗$$

Here $`x^𝒗`$ is added to emphasize the grading. We give the multi-grading of $`(X,D)`$ over $`_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}\times 𝒜`$. Let $`ax^𝒗`$ be an element of $`H^{}(X^{[𝒗]})x^𝒗`$. The multi-degree $`\mathrm{deg}(ax^𝒗)`$ is defined to be $`(\mathrm{deg}(a),𝒗)_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}\times 𝒜`$, where $`\mathrm{deg}(a)_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$ denotes the degree of $`a`$ in $`H^{}(X^{[𝒗]})`$.

From the incidence varieties $`Z(𝒗,𝒖)`$, we obtain the operators $`𝔮_𝒖(a):H^{}(X^{[𝒗]})H^{}(X^{[𝒗+𝒖]})`$: We denote the projection of $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_𝒖\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖]}`$ to the $`i`$-th component by $`p_i`$. Then for any $`cH^{}(X^{[𝒗]})`$, the element $`𝔮_𝒖(a)(c)`$ is defined by the correspondence as usual:

$$𝔮_𝒖(a)(c):=p_3\left(p_1^{}(c)p_2^{}(a)[Z(𝒗,𝒖)]\right).$$

When $`𝒖`$ is not contained in $`\stackrel{~}{C}(𝒗)`$, then $`𝔮_𝒖(a)(c)`$ is defined to be $`0`$ for any element $`cH^{}(X^{[𝒗]})`$. As a result, we obtain the operators $`𝔮_𝒖(a):(X,D)(X,D)`$. We have the grading of $`End((X,D))`$ over $`\times 𝒰`$, which is naturally induced by the grading of $`(X,D)`$. Note that the multi-degree of the element $`𝔮_𝒖(a)`$ of $`End((X,D))`$ is as follows:

$$\mathrm{deg}(𝔮_𝒖(a))=(\mathrm{deg}(a)+2(\rho _0(u)1g(𝒖)),𝒖)\times 𝒰$$

For any $`𝒗𝒰`$, the number $`ϵ_𝒗`$ is defined to be $`0(𝒗0)`$ or $`1(𝒗=0)`$. For each element $`𝒖\stackrel{~}{C}`$, the number $`sgn(𝒖)`$ is defined to be $`1`$ $`(𝒖C)`$ or $`1`$ $`(𝒖C)`$. The next theorem is the main result of the paper.

###### Theorem 1.4 (Heisenberg relation, Corollary 5.1)

Let $`𝐮_1,𝐮_2`$ be elements of $`\stackrel{~}{C}`$. Let $`a_i`$ be an element of $`H^{}(Y_{𝐮_i})`$ for $`i=1,2`$. Then the following relation holds:

$$[𝔮_{𝒖_1}(a_1),𝔮_{𝒖_2}(a_2)]=ϵ_{𝒖_1+𝒖_2}\mu (𝒖_1)\left(_{Y_{𝒖_1}}a_1a_2\right)id_{(X,D)}.$$

Here $`id_{(X,D)}`$ denotes the identity of $`(X,D)`$, and we put as follows:

$$\mu (𝒖_1)=sgn(𝒖_1)\left(|\rho _0(𝒖_1)|+|𝒖_1|_{}\right)^{ϵ_{\rho (𝒖_1)}}(1)^{\rho _0(𝒖_1)|𝒖_1|_{}}.$$

In particular, the number $`\mu (𝐮_1)`$ is not $`0`$.

#### 1.2.3 The representation of the Heisenberg algebra

By the main theorem, we obtain the structure of the representation of the Heisenberg algebra on $`(X,D)`$ as in the case of Hilbert schemes. We follow the argument in . We consider the following vector spaces:

$$W_+:=\underset{𝒖C}{}H^{}(Y_𝒖)x^𝒖,W_{}:=\underset{𝒖C}{}H^{}(Y_𝒖)x^𝒖,W:=W_+W_{}.$$

The multi-degree of $`W`$ over the set $`_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}\times \stackrel{~}{C}_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}\times 𝒰`$ is defined by $`\mathrm{deg}(ax^𝒖)=\mathrm{deg}(𝔮_𝒖(a))`$. We have the following non-degenerate graded skew-symmetric pairing $`,`$ over $`W`$:

$$a_1t^{𝒖_1},a_2t^{𝒖_2}=ϵ_{𝒖_1+𝒖_2}\mu (𝒖_1)\left(_{Y_{𝒖_1}}a_1a_2\right).$$

We have the natural grading of the tensor algebra $`TW:=_nW^n`$ over $`_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}\times 𝒰`$ induced by the grading of $`W`$. The two sided ideal $`J`$ of $`TW`$ is generated by the expressions $`[v,w]v,w`$ for any $`v,wW`$. Then the oscillator algebra $``$ is defined to be $`:=TW/J`$. The correspondence $`xt^𝒖𝔮_𝒖(x)`$ induces the homomorphism of $`TW`$ to $`End\left((X,D)\right)`$ of the graded associative algebras. The theorem implies that it induces the morphism of $``$ to $`End\left((X,D)\right)`$, i.e., $`(X,D)`$ is the $``$-representation.

Let $`W_{}`$ denote the left ideal generated by $`W_{}`$. Then we have the left $``$-module $`/W_{}`$, which is naturally isomorphic to the graded symmetric powers $`Sym(W_+)`$ of the space $`W_+`$. Then we have the $``$-homomorphism $`\mathrm{\Psi }:/W_{}(X,D)`$ induced by the correspondence $`11_{H^0(X^{[0]})}`$. As usual, the module $`/W_{}`$ is irreducible, and the generating function of the dimensions of $`/W_{}`$ is same as that for $`(X,D)`$, which is obtained in Corollary 1.1. Thus the morphism $`\mathrm{\Psi }`$ is an isomorphism as in the case of Hilbert schemes. In all, we obtain the following theorem.

###### Theorem 1.5

We have the $``$-representation structure of $`(X,D)`$. It is isomorphic to $`/W_{}`$, which is irreducible.

Acknowledgement

The author expresses his gratitude to Mark Andrea de Cataldo for the stimulating discussion. He is also sincerely grateful to Luca Migliorini for his interest to the parabolic Hilbert schemes. The author is grateful to the colleagues in Osaka City University. In particular, he thanks Mikiya Masuda for his encouragement.

The author thanks the financial supports by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Sumitomo Foundation. The paper was written during his stay at the Institute for Advanced Study. The author is grateful to their excellent hospitality. He also acknowledges National Scientific Foundation for a grant DMS 9729992.

## 2 Preliminary

### 2.1 Smoothness of parabolic Hilbert scheme

Let $`X`$ be a smooth surface over an algebraically closed field $`k`$, and $`D`$ be a smooth divisor of $`X`$. Let $`(I,𝒢_{})`$ be a parabolic ideal of points on $`(X,D)`$ with parabolic length $`𝒗`$ $`(𝒗𝒜)`$. We have the numbers $`\alpha _{}`$ and $`\alpha _+`$ such that $`\rho _\alpha (𝒗)=0`$ unless $`\alpha _{}\alpha <\alpha _+`$. Let take a projective resolution of $`I`$, that is, $`V_{}:=(V_1V_0)I`$. We denote $`V_i𝒪_D`$ by $`V_{D,i}`$. Then we have the complexes $`C_1:=Cone(om_X(V_{},V_{})𝒪)`$ on $`X`$, and $`C_2:=om_D(V_D,V_D)[1]`$ on $`D`$.

We put $`V_D^{(\alpha )}:=Ker(V_{D\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}𝒢_\alpha )`$. Note $`V_D^{(\alpha )}=V_{D1}`$ for any $`\alpha \alpha _{}`$, and $`V_D^{(\alpha )}=V_{D\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$ for any $`\alpha \alpha _+`$. We put $`A_{i,i+1}:=Cone(V_D^{(\alpha )}V_D^{(\alpha +1)})`$. Then we obtain the complexes $`om_D(A_{\alpha ,\alpha +1},A_{\alpha ,\alpha +1})`$ for any $`\alpha `$. Thus we have the morphisms $`om_D(V_D^{(\alpha )},V_D^{(\alpha )})om_D(V_D^{(\alpha )},V_D^{(\alpha +1)})`$ and $`om_D(V_D^{(\alpha +1)},V_D^{(\alpha +1)})om_D(V_D^{(\alpha )},V_D^{(\alpha +1)})`$. On the other hand, we have the naturally defined morphisms $`om_D(V_D^{(\alpha _+)},V_D^{(\alpha _{})})om_D(V_D^{(\alpha )},V_D^{(\alpha )})`$ for any $`\alpha _{}\alpha \alpha _+`$. Then we put as follows:

$$C_2:=\left(om_D(V_D^{(\alpha _+)},V_D^{(\alpha _{})})\underset{i=\alpha _{}}{\overset{\alpha _+}{}}om_D(V_D^{(\alpha )},V_D^{(\alpha )})\underset{\alpha =\alpha _{}}{\overset{\alpha _+1}{}}om_D(V_D^{(\alpha )},V_D^{(\alpha +1)})\right).$$

Here the degree of elements of $`om_D(V_D^{(\alpha _+)},V_D^{(\alpha _{})})`$ is $`2`$.

We have the composite of the morphisms $`C_1om_X(V_{},V_{})[1]C_3`$. On the other hand, the morphism $`C_2C_3`$ is induced by the naturally defined morphisms $`om_D(V_D^{(\alpha )},V_D^{(\alpha +1)})om_D(V_{D1},V_{D\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}})`$ and the following projection:

$$\underset{i=\alpha _{}}{\overset{\alpha _+}{}}om_D(V_D^{(\alpha )},V_D^{(\alpha )})om_D(V_{D1},V_{D1})om_D(V_{D\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}},V_{D\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}).$$

Thus we obtain the following complexes:

$$C(I,𝒢_{}):=Cone(C_1C_2C_3)[1],C_{par}(I,𝒢_{}):=Cone(C_2C_3)[1].$$

###### Lemma 2.1

The hypercohomology group $`^i(C(I,𝒢_{}))`$ vanish unless $`i0`$.

Proof We consider the cohomology sheaves $`^i(C(I,𝒢_{}))`$. Let $`P`$ be a point of $`X`$ such that $`P`$ is not contained in the supports of the coherent sheaves $`𝒪/I`$ or $`𝒦_\alpha `$ $`(\alpha 0)`$. Then the complexes $`C_i`$ are acyclic around the point $`P`$. Thus the support of $`^i(C(I,𝒢_{}))`$ is $`0`$-dimensional. Since the morphism $`om_X(V_1,V_0)om_D(V_{D1},V_{D\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}})`$ is surjective, we obtain $`^1(C(I,𝒢_{}))=0`$. It is easy to see that $`^i(C(I,𝒢_{}))=0`$ for $`i<0`$. Thus we obtain the result by using the spectral sequence.

###### Corollary 2.1

The parabolic Hilbert scheme points on a smooth projective surface is smooth.

Proof The obstruction theory of the moduli of oriented parabolic sheaves are given in section 4 of . Note that a parabolic ideal is equivalent to a parabolic sheaf of rank 1 whose determinant bundle is $`𝒪_X`$. Lemma 2.1 implies that the $`(1)`$-th cohomology sheaf of the obstruction complex vanishes. Thus we obtain the result.

The following corollary is also obtained from the obstruction theory.

###### Corollary 2.2

The tangent space at the points corresponding to a parabolic ideal $`(I,𝒢_{})`$ is naturally isomorphic to $`^0(C(I,𝒢_{}))`$.

### 2.2 Some isomorphisms

Let $`\alpha _{}`$ and $`\alpha _+`$ be integers such that $`\alpha _{}<0<\alpha _+`$. Let $`𝒜(\alpha _{},\alpha _+)`$ denote the set of elements $`𝒗`$ of $`𝒜`$ such that $`\rho _\alpha (𝒗)=0`$ unless $`\alpha _{}\alpha <\alpha _+`$. Let take an integer $`\beta 0`$ such that $`\alpha _{}\beta <\alpha _+`$. We associate $`𝒗^{}(\beta )`$ to $`𝒗𝒜(\alpha _{},\alpha _+)`$ as follows: When $`\beta >0`$, we put as follows:

$$\rho _\alpha (𝒗^{}(\beta )):=\{\begin{array}{cc}0,\hfill & (\beta \alpha \text{ or }\alpha <\alpha _{}\alpha _++\beta ),\hfill \\ \rho _\alpha (𝒗),\hfill & (0<\alpha <\beta \text{ or }\alpha _{}\alpha <0),\hfill \\ \rho _0(𝒗)+_{\alpha ^{}\beta }\rho _\alpha ^{}(𝒗),\hfill & (\alpha =0),\hfill \\ \rho _{\alpha \alpha _{}+\alpha _+}(𝒗),\hfill & (\alpha _{}\alpha _++\beta \alpha <\alpha _{}).\hfill \end{array}$$

Then $`𝒗^{}(\beta )`$ is the element of $`𝒜(\alpha _{}\alpha _++\beta ,\beta )`$. When $`\beta <0`$, we put as follows:

$$\rho _\alpha (𝒗^{}(\beta )):=\{\begin{array}{cc}0,\hfill & (\alpha \beta \text{ or }\beta +\alpha _+\alpha _{}\alpha ),\hfill \\ \rho _\alpha (𝒗),\hfill & (\beta <\alpha <0\text{ or }0<\alpha <\alpha _+),\hfill \\ \rho _0(𝒗)_{\alpha ^{}\beta }\rho _\alpha ^{}(𝒗),\hfill & (\alpha =0),\hfill \\ \rho _{\alpha \alpha _++\alpha _{}}(𝒗),\hfill & (\alpha _+\alpha <\beta +\alpha _+\alpha _{}).\hfill \end{array}$$

Then $`𝒗^{}(\beta )`$ is the element of $`𝒜(\beta +1,\beta +\alpha _+\alpha _{})`$.

Let $`(I,𝒢_{})`$ be a parabolic ideal with parabolic length $`𝒗𝒜(\alpha _{},\alpha _+)`$. We associate the parabolic ideal $`(I^{},𝒢_{})`$ with parabolic length $`𝒗^{}(\beta )`$ above as follows:

When $`\beta >0`$, we put $`I^{}:=Ker(I𝒢_\beta )`$. The sheaf $`I^{}`$ is naturally an ideal sheaf of $`0`$-schemes of length $`\rho _0(𝒗)+_{\alpha ^{}\beta }\rho _\alpha ^{}(𝒗)`$. It is easy to see that we have the following exact sequence of $`𝒪_D`$-modules:

$$0𝒢_\beta 𝒪(D)I^{}𝒪_D_\beta 0.$$

Here $`_\beta `$ denotes the kernel of the morphism $`I_D𝒢_\beta `$. We have the naturally induced filtrations on the quotient $`𝒢_\beta `$ and the subsheaf $`_\beta `$ of $`I𝒪_D`$. By taking appropriate shift of the indices of the filtration of $`𝒢_\beta `$, we obtain the desired filtration on $`I^{}𝒪_D`$.

When $`\beta <0`$, we put $`I^{}:=Ker(I𝒢_\beta )𝒪(D)`$. The sheaf $`I`$ is naturally contained in $`I^{}`$, and the cokernel is isomorphic to $`_\beta 𝒪(D)=Ker\left(I𝒪_D𝒢_\beta \right)𝒪(D)`$. It is easy to see that we have the following exact sequence:

$$0𝒢_\beta I^{}𝒪_D_\beta 𝒪_D0.$$

We have the induced filtrations on $`𝒢_\beta `$ and $`_\beta 𝒪_D`$. By taking the appropriate shift of the indices of the filtration of $`_\beta `$, we obtain the desired filtration on $`I^{}𝒪_D`$.

The correspondence $`(I,𝒢_{})`$ to $`(I^{},𝒢_{}^{})`$ above induces the isomorphism $`\mathrm{\Psi }_{𝒗,𝒗^{}(\beta )}`$ of $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ to $`X^{[𝒗^{}(\beta )]}`$.

###### Remark 2.1

In particular, if $`\beta =1`$ then $`𝐯^{}(\beta )`$ is contained in $`𝒰_0𝒰_+`$.

### 2.3 Symmetric powers

#### 2.3.1 $`𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ and $`𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$

For any set $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$, we put as follows:

$$\begin{array}{c}𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda }):=\{f:\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}},\mathrm{\#}\{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }|f(\lambda )0\}<\mathrm{}\}.\hfill \\ \hfill \\ 𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda }):=\{f:\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}},\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}<\mathrm{\#}\{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }|f(\lambda )0\}<\mathrm{}\}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(5)
We have the natural injection $`𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda })𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$.

For any element $`\rho 𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$, we put as follows:

$$|\rho |:=\underset{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }}{}\rho (\lambda )_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}$$

Thus we obtain the homomorphism $`||:𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$ of semi-groups. We denote the restriction of the map $`||`$ to $`𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ by the same notation.

For any element $`f𝒮(𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda }))`$, we put as follows:

$$\varphi _\mathrm{\Lambda }(f):=\underset{\rho 𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })}{}f(\rho )\rho 𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })$$

Thus we obtain the homomorphism $`\varphi _\mathrm{\Lambda }:𝒮(𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda }))𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ of semi-groups. We denote the restriction of the morphism $`\varphi _\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ to $`𝒮(𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda }))`$ by the same notation. Let $`\pi `$ be an element of $`𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$. Then the subset $`\varphi _\mathrm{\Lambda }^1(\pi )`$ of $`𝒮(𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda }))`$ is denoted by $`𝒮(𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda }),\pi )`$.

When $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ consists only one element, then $`𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ is isomorphic to $`_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$ and $`𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ is isomorphic to $`_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}}`$. We will use the identification without mentioning. In this case, $`\varphi _\mathrm{\Lambda }(f)`$ is same as the number $`_{a_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}}}f(a)a𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$ for any $`f𝒮(𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda }))`$.

#### 2.3.2 Stratification of symmetric power

Let $`Y`$ be a variety over $`k`$. We denote the $`n`$-th symmetric power of $`Y`$ by $`Y^{(n)}`$. We have the projection $`\pi _1:Y^nY^{(n)}`$. We put $`Y_{}^n:=\{(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)|x_ix_j(ij)\}`$ and $`Y_{}^{(n)}:=\pi _1(Y_{}^n)`$.

Let $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ be a set. For an element $`\rho 𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$, we put $`Y^{(\rho )}:=_{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }}Y^{(\rho (\lambda ))}`$. We have the naturally defined morphism $`\pi _2:Y^{(\rho )}Y^{(|\rho |)}`$. We put $`Y_{}^{(\rho )}:=\pi _2^1(Y_{}^{|\rho |})`$. Assume that variety $`Z_\lambda `$ is given for each $`\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }`$. Then we have the canonical projection $`\pi _3:_{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }}(Y\times Z_\lambda )^{(\rho (\lambda ))}Y^{(\rho )}`$. We put as follows:

$$\left(\underset{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }}{}(Y\times Z_\lambda )^{(\rho (\lambda ))}\right)_{}:=\pi _3^1(Y_{}^{(\rho )}).$$

We put $`N=𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ and $`N^{}=𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$. Let $`\rho `$ be an element of $`N`$ and $`f`$ be an element of $`𝒮(N^{},\rho )`$. For any element $`aN^{}`$ and $`\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }`$, we have the diagonal morphism $`YY^{a(\lambda )}`$. It induces the morphism $`Y^{f(a)}(Y^{a(\lambda )})^{f(a)}=Y^{a(\lambda )f(a)}`$. Thus we obtain the morphism $`Y^{f(a)}_{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }}Y^{a(\lambda )f(a)}`$. Then we obtain the following morphism:

$$\underset{aN^{}}{}Y^{f(a)}\underset{aN^{}}{}\underset{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }}{}Y^{a(\lambda )f(a)}\underset{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }}{}Y^{\varphi (f)(\lambda )}=\underset{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }}{}Y^{\rho (\lambda )}.$$

Thus we obtain the morphism $`Y^{(f)}Y^{(\rho )}`$. The following lemma is easy to see.

###### Lemma 2.2

The following morphism gives the decomposition of $`Y^{(\rho )}`$:

$$\underset{f𝒮(N^{},\rho )}{}Y_{}^{(f)}Y^{(\rho )}.$$

In particular, it gives the equality in the Grothendieck ring $`K_0(V_k)`$ of smooth $`k`$-varieties.

#### 2.3.3 Some formulas in $`K_0(V_k)[[N]]`$

Let $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ be a finite set, and $`N`$ be $`𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$. We denote the semi-group ring associated to $`N`$ by $`[N]`$, i.e., $`[N]`$ is the ring generated by the elements $`\{x^\rho |\rho N\}`$ with the relations $`x^{\rho _1+\rho _2}=x^{\rho _1}x^{\rho _2}`$ $`(\rho _1,\rho _2N)`$ and $`x^0=1`$. We have the ideal $`𝔭`$ generated by $`\{x^\rho |\rho N\{0\}\}`$. We denote the completion with respect to $`𝔭`$-adic topology by $`[[N]]`$. Let $`\delta _\lambda `$ denote the element of $`N`$ such that $`\delta _\lambda (\lambda ^{})`$ is $`1`$ $`(\lambda =\lambda ^{})`$ or $`0`$ $`(\lambda \lambda ^{})`$. We put $`x_\lambda :=x^{\delta _\lambda }`$. The ring $`[N]`$ is isomorphic to a polynomial ring generated by $`\{x_\lambda |\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }\}`$ over $``$. The ring $`[[N]]`$ is isomorphic to the ring of formal power series generated by $`\{x_\lambda |\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }\}`$ over $``$.

Let $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ be a countable set. For any finite subset $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_i`$ of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$, we put $`N_i=𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda }_i)`$. For $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_1\mathrm{\Lambda }_2`$, we have the natural morphism $`N_2N_1`$ and thus $`[[N_2]][[N_1]]`$. We put $`[[N]]:=\underset{}{\mathrm{lim}}_{\mathrm{\Lambda }_i\mathrm{\Lambda }}[[N_i]]`$.

We denote the Grothendieck ring of the varieties over $`k`$ by $`K_0(V_k)`$. Then we denote the ring $`K_0(V_k)_{}[[N]]`$ by $`K_0(V_k)[[N]]`$. Let $`Z_1,\mathrm{}Z_n`$ and $`Y`$ be varieties. The following lemma is easy to see.

###### Lemma 2.3

The following equality holds in $`K_0(V_k)[[N]]`$:

$$\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}\left(\underset{\rho N}{}(Y\times X_i)^{(\rho )}x^\rho \right)_{}=\underset{\rho N}{}\left(Y\times \underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{}}X_i\right)_{}^{(\rho )}.$$

Let $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_i(i=1,2)`$ be sets. We put $`N_i:=𝒮(\mathrm{\Lambda }_i)`$ and $`N_i^{}:=𝒯(\mathrm{\Lambda }_i)`$. Let $`g:N_1N_2`$ be a homomorphism of semi-groups.

###### Lemma 2.4

Let $`Y`$ be a variety. Assume that a variety $`Z_\rho `$ is given for each $`\rho N_1`$. Then we have the following equality:

$$\underset{f𝒮(N_2^{})}{}\left[\underset{\mu N_2^{}}{}\left(\underset{\rho g^1(\mu )}{}Y\times Z_\rho \right)^{(f(\mu ))}\right]_{}x^{\varphi _{\mathrm{\Lambda }_2}(f)}=\underset{F𝒮(N_1^{})}{}\left[\underset{\rho N_1^{}}{}(Y\times Z_\rho )^{(F(\rho ))}\right]_{}x^{g(\varphi _{\mathrm{\Lambda }_1}(F))}.$$
(6)
Proof The left hand side can be rewritten as follows:

$$\begin{array}{c}\left[\underset{\mu N_2^{}}{}\left(\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\left(\underset{\rho g^1(\mu )}{}Y\times Z_\rho \right)^{(j)}x^{j\mu }\right)\right]_{}=\left[\underset{\mu N_2}{}\underset{\rho g^1(\mu )}{}\left(\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(Y\times Z_\rho )^{(j)}x^{jg(\rho )}\right)\right]_{}\hfill \\ \hfill =\left[\underset{\rho N_1}{}\left(\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(Y\times Z_\rho )^{(j)}x^{jg(\rho )}\right)\right]_{}\end{array}$$
(7)
It can be rewritten as follows:

$$\underset{F𝒮(N_1^{})}{}\left[\underset{\rho N_1^{}}{}(Y\times Z_\rho )^{(F(\rho ))}\right]_{}x^{g({\scriptscriptstyle F(\rho )\rho })}.$$

By definition, we have the equality $`F(\rho )\rho =\varphi _{\mathrm{\Lambda }_1}(F)`$. Thus we are done.

For elements $`\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }_1`$ and $`\lambda _2\mathrm{\Lambda }_2`$, we have the numbers $`a(\lambda ,\lambda _2)_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$ satisfying the equality $`g(\delta _\lambda )=_{\lambda _2\mathrm{\Lambda }_2}a(\lambda ,\lambda _2)\delta _{\lambda _2}`$. Let $`c:N_1_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$ be a homomorphism of semi-groups. For an element $`\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }_1`$, we put $`c_\lambda :=c(\delta _\lambda )`$. Let $`A^l`$ denote an $`l`$-dimensional affine space over $`k`$.

###### Lemma 2.5

We have the following equality in $`K_0(V_k)[[N]]`$:

$$\underset{f𝒮(N_2^{})}{}\left[\underset{\mu N_2^{}}{}\left(\underset{\rho g^1(\mu )}{}Y\times A^{c(\rho )}\right)^{(f(\mu ))}\right]_{}x^{\varphi _{\mathrm{\Lambda }_2}(f)}=\underset{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }_1}{}\left(\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(Y\times A^{c_\lambda })^{(j)}z(\lambda )^j\right).$$

Here we put $`z(\lambda ):=x^{g(\delta _\lambda )}=_{\lambda _2\mathrm{\Lambda }_2}x_{\lambda _2}^{a(\lambda ,\lambda _2)}`$.

Proof We substitute $`Z_\rho =A^{c(\rho )}`$ into the equality (6). Recall that we have the equality $`(Y\times A^a)^{(n)}=Y^{(n)}\times A^{an}`$ in $`K_0(V_k)`$ by the argument due to Totaro (See ). Thus the left hand side can be rewritten as follows:

$$\underset{F𝒮(N_1^{})}{}\left[\underset{\rho N_1^{}}{}Y^{(F(\rho ))}\right]_{}\times A^{{\scriptscriptstyle F(\rho )c(\rho )}}x^{g(\varphi _{\mathrm{\Lambda }_1}(F))}.$$

It can be rewritten as follows:

$$\underset{\eta N_1}{}\underset{F𝒮(N_1^{},\eta )}{}\left[\underset{\rho N_1^{}}{}Y^{(F(\rho ))}\right]_{}\times A^{c(\eta )}x^{g(\eta )}=\underset{\eta N_1}{}Y^{(\eta )}\times A^{c(\eta )}x^{g(\eta )}=\underset{\lambda \mathrm{\Lambda }_1}{}\left(\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(Y\times A^{c_\lambda })^{(j)}z(\lambda )^j\right).$$

Thus we are done.

#### 2.3.4 $`𝒫`$, $``$, $`𝒫_0`$ and $`_0`$

We put $`𝒫:=𝒮()`$ and $`𝒫^{}:=𝒯()`$. Note that we have the natural inclusions $`𝒜𝒫𝒰`$. We put $`:=𝒮(C)`$ and $`^{}:=𝒯(C)`$. An element of $``$ or $`^{}`$ is described as $`\eta =(\eta _\alpha |\alpha )`$, where $`\eta _\alpha `$ is an element of $`𝒮(C_\alpha )`$ (See subsubsection 1.1.2). For any element $`\eta =(\eta _\alpha |\alpha )`$ of $``$, we put $`\eta :=_{\alpha 0}|\eta _\alpha |`$.

By construction, we have the maps $`\varphi _{}:𝒮(𝒫^{})𝒫`$ and $`\varphi _C:𝒮(^{})`$. We put $`𝒮(𝒫^{},𝒗):=\varphi _{}^1(𝒗)`$ for $`𝒗𝒫`$. We also put $`𝒮(^{},\eta ):=\varphi _C^1(\eta )`$ for $`\eta `$. On the other hand, we have the map $`\mathrm{\Psi }:𝒫`$ defined as follows:

$$\mathrm{\Psi }(\eta ):=\underset{𝒖C}{}\eta (𝒖)𝒖𝒜𝒫.$$
(8)
For an element $`𝒗`$ of $`𝒫`$, we put $`(\chi ):=\mathrm{\Psi }^1(𝒗)`$. Note that the image of $``$ via the morphism $`\mathrm{\Psi }`$ is $`𝒜`$.

We put $`𝒫_0:=𝒮(\{0\})=_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$ and $`𝒫_0^{}:=𝒯(\{0\})=_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}}`$. We put $`_0:=𝒮(C_0)`$ and $`_0^{}:=𝒯(C_0)`$. By construction, we have the maps $`\varphi _{\{0\}}:𝒮(𝒫_0^{})𝒫_0`$ and $`\varphi _{C_0}:𝒮(_0^{})_0`$. We put $`𝒮(𝒫_0^{},a):=\varphi _{\{0\}}^1(a)`$ for $`a𝒫_0`$. We also put $`𝒮(_0^{},\rho ):=\varphi _{C_0}^1(\rho )`$ for $`\rho _0`$. Since $`_0`$ is isomorphic to $`𝒮(𝒯(\{0\}))`$, we have the morphism $`\varphi _{\{0\}}:_0𝒫_0`$. For an element $`a𝒫_0`$, we put $`_0(a):=\varphi _{\{0\}}^1(a)`$.

## 3  The cell decomposition of the punctual parabolic Hilbert schemes

### 3.1 Fixed point set

We consider the case $`X=A^2=Speck[x,y]`$ and $`D=\{(x,y)X|x=0\}`$. We denote the point $`(0,0)`$ by $`O`$. Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒜`$. We consider the punctual parabolic Hilbert scheme $`X_p^{[𝒗]}`$ which is the moduli of the parabolic ideals $`(I,𝒢_{})`$ such that the union of the supports of the torsion sheaves $`𝒪/I`$ and $`𝒦_\alpha (\alpha 0)`$ is the set $`\{O\}`$. In this section, we see the cell decomposition of the parabolic Hilbert schemes of points on the surface by using the argument due to Ellingsrud and Strømme .

We have the $`2`$-dimensional torus $`G_m^2=Speck[\lambda ,\lambda ^1,\mu ,\mu ^1]`$-action on $`X`$ which preserves the divisor $`D`$: $`t(x,y)=(\lambda (t)x,\mu (t)y)`$. Thus we obtain the $`2`$-dimensional torus action on $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ if $`X=A^2`$ and $`D=A^1`$.

The fixed point set of the $`G_m^2`$-action on the punctual parabolic Hilbert scheme $`X_p^{[𝒗]}`$ is discrete and labeled by the elements $`\eta (𝒗)`$. The correspondence is explained in the following:

Let $`(I,𝒢_{})`$ be the ideal corresponding to a fixed point set. The ideal $`I`$ is generated by the monomials $`x^jy^{b_j}`$, $`(j=0,1,\mathrm{},r)`$ where $`b_0b_1\mathrm{}b_r0`$. We put $`b_i=0`$ for any $`ir+1`$. The tuple $`\{b_0,b_1,b_2,\mathrm{}\}`$ satisfies the equality $`b_i=n`$.

We put $`_1:=_{j=1}^r𝒪_Xf_j`$, and $`_0:=_{j=0}^r𝒪_Xv_j`$. The $`G_m^2`$-action on $`_1`$ and $`_0`$ is given as follows: $`tv_j:=\lambda (t)^j\mu (t)^{b_j}v_j`$ and $`tf_j:=\lambda (t)^j\mu (t)^{b_{j1}}f_j`$. Then we obtain the $`G_m^2`$-equivariant resolution $`(_1_0)`$ of $`I`$. Here the element $`f_j`$ is mapped to $`y^{b_{j1}b_j}v_jxv_{j1}_0`$, and the element $`v_j`$ is mapped to $`x^jy^{b_j}I`$. We put $`I_{D\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}:=𝒪_Dv_0`$ and $`I_{Dj}:=(𝒪_D/y^{b_{j1}b_j}𝒪_D)v_j`$. Then we have the natural isomorphism $`I_D_{j0}I_{Dj}`$.

Since $`(I,𝒢_{})`$ has the $`G_m^2`$-action, the filtration $`𝒢_{}`$ is the direct sum of the filtrations $`𝒢_j=\{𝒢_{j\alpha }|\alpha \}`$ of $`I_{Dj}(j=0,1,2,\mathrm{})`$. Here $`𝒢_{j\alpha }`$ is a quotient of $`𝒢_{j\alpha 1}`$, we have $`𝒢_{j\alpha }=I_{Dj}`$ for any sufficiently small $`\alpha `$, and we have $`𝒢_\alpha =_j𝒢_{j\alpha }`$. We put $`𝒦_{j,\alpha }:=Ker(𝒢_{j,\alpha }𝒢_{j,\alpha +1})`$. Note that $`𝒦_{0,0}𝒪_D`$, that the others $`𝒦_{j,\alpha }`$ $`(j,\alpha )(0,0)`$ are torsion, and that $`𝒦_{0,\alpha }=0`$ for any $`\alpha <0`$.

For a positive integer $`\alpha >0`$, we put $`\eta _\alpha (j):=length(𝒦_{j,\alpha })`$ for any $`j0`$. For a non-positive integer $`\alpha 0`$, we put $`\eta _\alpha (j):=length(𝒦_{j,\alpha })`$ for any $`j>0`$. Then $`\eta _\alpha `$ gives the element of $`𝒮(C_\alpha )`$. Here we used the identification $`C_\alpha `$ with $`𝒮(𝒮(\{\alpha \}))`$ (resp. $`𝒮(𝒯(\{\alpha \}))`$) for $`\alpha >0`$ (resp. $`\alpha 0`$).

Thus we obtain the element $`\eta =(\eta _\alpha |\alpha )`$ of $``$. By definition, we have the equalities $`|\eta _\alpha |=\rho _\alpha (𝒗)`$ for any $`\alpha \{0\}`$. We also have the equality $`_\alpha \varphi _{\{\alpha \}}(\eta _\alpha )=_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}i(b_{i1}b_i)=\rho _0(𝒗)`$. Here we used the identification of $`C_\alpha `$ with $`𝒮(\{\alpha \})`$ $`(\alpha >0)`$, or $`𝒯(\{\alpha \})`$ $`(\alpha 0)`$. Thus it holds that $`\mathrm{\Psi }(\eta )=𝒗`$. Hence $`\eta `$ is the element of $`(𝒗)`$.

On the other hand, we can reconstruct the fixed point from an element of $`(𝒗)`$. Thus we obtain the correspondence. We denote the fixed point corresponding to $`\eta (𝒗)`$ by $`FP(\eta )`$.

### 3.2 The weight decomposition of the tangent space

Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒜`$ and $`\alpha _{}`$ be an integer. Assume that $`\rho _\alpha (𝒗)=0`$ for any $`\alpha <\alpha _{}`$. Let $`\eta `$ be an element of $`(𝒗)`$. We have the $`G_m^2`$-action on the tangent space of $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ at the fixed point $`FP(\eta )`$. We calculate the weight decomposition of the $`G_m^2`$-representation. Recall that the representation ring of $`G_m^2`$ is the Laurent polynomial ring $`[\lambda ,\lambda ^1,\mu ,\mu ^1]`$. It will be convenient to admit some infinite sums. Thus we use the ring $`[[\lambda ,\mu ]][\lambda ^1,\mu ^1]`$, whose element is of the form $`_{i,jN}a_{ij}\lambda ^i\mu ^j`$ for some $`N`$ and $`a_{ij}`$. The ring is called the representation ring for abbreviation.

For the given $`\eta `$, we put $`b_{i1}:=_{ji}_\alpha \eta _\alpha (j)`$. We also put $`\overline{h}_{\alpha ,i}:=_{\beta \alpha }\eta _\beta (i)`$ for $`i>0`$ or for $`i=0,\alpha >0`$. Let $`(I,𝒢_{})X^{[𝒗]}`$ be a parabolic ideal corresponding to the fixed point $`FP(\eta )`$. Then the number $`\overline{h}_{\alpha ,i}`$ is same as the length of the torsion sheaf $`𝒢_{\alpha ,i}`$.

###### Proposition 3.1

In the representation ring of $`G_m^2`$, the following equality holds:

$$\begin{array}{c}T_{FP(\eta )}X^{[𝒗]}=\underset{1ij}{}\underset{s=b_j}{\overset{b_{j1}1}{}}(\lambda ^{ij1}\mu ^{b_{i1}s1}+\lambda ^{ji}\mu ^{sb_{i1}})\hfill \\ \hfill +\underset{(\alpha ,i,j)S}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\overline{h}_{\alpha ,j}1}{}}\lambda ^{ji}\left(\mu ^{b_jb_i\overline{h}_{\alpha ,i}+a}\mu ^{b_jb_i\overline{h}_{\alpha 1,i}+a}\right)\\ \hfill \underset{\alpha _{}\alpha 0}{}\underset{i1}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\eta _{\alpha 1}(i)1}{}}\lambda ^i\mu ^{b_0b_i+a\overline{h}_{\alpha 1,i}}+\underset{j0}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\overline{h}_{1,j}1}{}}\lambda ^j\mu ^{b_jb_0\overline{h}_{1,0}+a}.\end{array}$$
(9)
Here $`S`$ denotes the set of $`(\alpha ,i,j)`$ satisfying one of the following conditions: $`(i)`$ $`\alpha \alpha _{}`$, $`i1`$, and $`j1`$, $`(ii)`$ $`\alpha >0`$, $`i1`$ and $`j=0`$, or $`(iii)`$ $`\alpha >1`$, $`i=0`$ and $`j0`$.

Proof We have the natural isomorphism $`T_{FP(\eta )}X^{[𝒗]}^0(C(I,𝒢_{}))`$. We know that $`^i(C(I,𝒢_{}))`$ vanishes unless $`i=0`$. Thus we have the following $`K`$-theoretic equality:

$$^0(C(I,𝒢_{}))=^{}(C_1)+^{}(C_{par}):=(1)^i^i(C_1)+(1)^i^i(C_{par}).$$

Here we know that $`^i(C_1)`$ vanishes unless $`i=0`$, and $`^0(C_1)`$ is naturally isomorphic to the tangent space of $`X^{[n]}`$ at the fixed point corresponding to $`I`$. Thus the contribution of $`^{}(C_1)=^0(C_1)`$ was calculated in . The result is the first term in the right hand side of the equality (9).

To see the contribution of $`^{}(𝒞_2)`$, we use the $`G_m^2`$-equivariant resolution $`_1_0`$ of $`I`$. We have the direct sum decomposition $`𝒢_\alpha =_i𝒢_{\alpha ,i}`$ where $`𝒢_{,i}`$ is the filtration of the $`I_{Di}`$. We put $`E^\alpha :=Ker(_0𝒪_D𝒢_\alpha )`$. We have the natural decomposition $`E^\alpha =_iE_i^\alpha `$. Note that $`E^\alpha =0`$ for any sufficiently small $`\alpha `$ and $`E^\alpha =_0𝒪_D`$ for any sufficiently large $`\alpha `$.

For $`G_m^2`$-equivariant sheaves $`F_a`$ $`(a=1,2)`$ over $`D=A^1`$, let $`Hom(F_1,F_2)`$ denote the $`G_m^2`$-representation $`H^0(D,om_D(F_1,F_2))`$. Although it is infinite dimensional representation, it gives the element of our representation ring. It can be checked by a formal calculation that the contribution of $`C_2`$ is same as the following in the representation ring of $`G_m^2`$:

$$\underset{\alpha \alpha _{}}{}Hom(E^\alpha ,𝒢_\alpha )\underset{\alpha \alpha _{}}{}Hom(E^{\alpha 1},𝒢_\alpha )=\underset{\alpha 1}{}\underset{j0}{}\underset{i0}{}\left(Hom(E_i^\alpha ,𝒢_{\alpha ,j})Hom(E_i^{\alpha 1},𝒢_{\alpha ,j})\right).$$

###### Lemma 3.1

In the representation ring, we have the following equality:

$$\underset{i1}{}\underset{j1}{}Hom(E_i^\alpha ,𝒢_{\beta ,j})=\underset{i1}{}\underset{j1}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\overline{h}_{\beta ,j}1}{}}\lambda ^{ji}\mu ^{b_jb_i\overline{h}_{\alpha ,i}+a}.$$

Proof The sheaf $`E_i^\alpha `$ is a locally free sheaf of rank 1 generated by the section with the weight $`\lambda ^i\mu ^{b_i+\overline{h}_{\alpha ,i}}`$. The $`𝒢_{\beta ,j}(j>0)`$ is the torsion sheaf of length $`\overline{h}_{\beta ,j}`$ generated by the section with the weight $`\lambda ^j\mu ^{b_j}`$. Thus we obtain the result.

Thus the contribution of $`_{\alpha \alpha _{}}_{i1}_{j1}\left(Hom(E_i^\alpha ,𝒢_{\alpha ,j})Hom(E_i^{\alpha 1},𝒢_{\alpha ,j})\right)`$ is as follows:

$$\underset{\alpha \alpha _{}}{}\underset{i1}{}\underset{j1}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\overline{h}_{\alpha ,j}1}{}}\lambda ^{ji}\left(\mu ^{b_jb_i\overline{h}_{\alpha ,i}+a}\mu ^{b_jb_i\overline{h}_{\alpha 1,i}+a}\right).$$

Next we see the contribution of the $`i=0`$.

###### Lemma 3.2

Assume that $`\alpha 0`$. In the representation ring, we have the following equality:

$$\underset{i1}{}\left(Hom(E_i^\alpha ,𝒢_{\alpha ,0})Hom(E_i^{\alpha 1},𝒢_{\alpha ,0})\right)=\underset{i1}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\eta _{\alpha 1}(i)1}{}}\lambda ^i\mu ^{b_0b_i+a\overline{h}_{\alpha 1,i}}.$$

Proof When $`\alpha 0`$, the sheaf $`𝒢_{\alpha ,0}`$ is the locally free sheaf generated by the section with the weight $`\mu ^{b_0}`$. The cokernel of the complex $`Hom(E_i^\alpha ,𝒢_{\alpha ,0})Hom(E_i^{\alpha 1},𝒢_{\alpha ,0})`$ is torsion sheaf of length $`\eta _{\alpha 1}(i)`$. It is generated by the section with the weight $`\lambda ^i\mu ^{b_0b_i\overline{h}_{\alpha 1,i}}`$. Thus we are done.

Thus the contribution of $`_{\alpha =\alpha _{}}^0_{i1}\left(Hom(E_i^\alpha ,𝒢_{\alpha ,0})Hom(E_i^{\alpha 1},𝒢_{\alpha ,0})\right)`$ is as follows:

$$\underset{\alpha =\alpha _{}}{\overset{0}{}}\underset{i1}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\eta _{\alpha 1}(i)1}{}}\lambda ^i\mu ^{b_0b_i+a\overline{h}_{\alpha 1,i}}.$$

When $`\alpha >0`$, the sheaf $`𝒢_{\alpha ,0}`$ is torsion. Thus the weight decomposition of $`_{i1}Hom(E_i^\alpha ,𝒢_{\beta ,0})`$ is similar to the case $`i1,j1`$. Hence the contribution of $`_{\alpha >0}_{i1}\left(Hom(E_i^\alpha ,𝒢_{\alpha ,0})Hom(E_i^{\alpha 1},𝒢_{\alpha ,0})\right)`$ is as follows:

$$\underset{\alpha >0}{}\underset{i1}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\overline{h}_{\alpha ,0}1}{}}\lambda ^i\left(\mu ^{b_i+b_0\overline{h}_{\alpha ,i}+a}\mu ^{b_i+b_0\overline{h}_{\alpha 1,i}+a}\right).$$

We see the case $`i=0`$. Note that $`E_0^\alpha =0`$ if $`\alpha 0`$. When $`\alpha >0`$, the $`E_0^\alpha `$ is locally free sheaf generated by the section with the weight $`\mu ^{b_0+\overline{h}_{\alpha ,0}}`$. Thus the weight decomposition of $`_{\alpha >0}_{j0}Hom(E_0^\alpha ,𝒢_{\alpha ,j})`$ is as follows:

$$\underset{\alpha >0}{}\underset{j0}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\overline{h}_{\alpha ,j}1}{}}\lambda ^j\mu ^{b_jb_0\overline{h}_{\alpha ,0}+a}.$$

Since $`E_0^0=0`$, the weight decomposition of $`_{\alpha >0}_{j0}Hom(E_0^{\alpha 1},𝒢_{\alpha ,j})`$ is as follows:

$$\underset{\alpha >1}{}\underset{j0}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\overline{h}_{\alpha ,j}1}{}}\lambda ^j\mu ^{b_jb_0\overline{h}_{\alpha 1,0}+a}.$$

By adding all, we completed the proof of Proposition 3.1

### 3.3 The number of cells

We obtain the following corollary.

###### Corollary 3.1

Let $`𝐯`$ be an element of $`𝒜`$. The punctual parabolic Hilbert schemes $`X_p^{[𝐯]}`$ have the cell decomposition. We have the bijective correspondence of the set of cells and $`(𝐯)`$. The dimension of the cell corresponding to $`\eta (𝐯)`$ is $`n\eta `$.

Proof We only calculate the dimension of the cell corresponding to the fixed point $`FP(\eta )`$ for each $`\eta (𝒗)`$. We can use the same discussion as that in .

For the parabolic ideal $`(I,𝒢_{})`$ corresponding to the fixed point $`FP(\eta )`$, we have the weight decomposition of the tangent space which is the Laurent polynomial with variables $`\lambda `$ and $`\mu `$, i.e., it is of the form $`T_{FP(\eta )}=a_{ij}(\eta )\lambda ^i\mu ^j`$. Note that $`a_{ij}=0`$ for any $`(i,j)`$ satisfying $`i=0`$ and $`j>0`$. We put $`S:=\{(i,j)|\eta (𝒗),a_{ij}(\eta )0\}`$. The set $`S`$ is finite. For any pair of integers $`(w_1,w_2)`$, we have the $`G_m`$-action on $`A^2`$ given by $`t(x,y)=(t^{w_2}x,t^{w_1}y)`$. We can take $`w_1,w_2`$ such that the following condition holds: For an element $`(i,j)S`$, the inequality $`iw_2+jw_1>0`$ holds if and only if $`i>0`$.

Then we have the induced $`G_m`$-action on the tangent space $`T_{FP(\eta )}`$. We count the number of the positive weight by using the isomorphism $`T_{FP(\eta )}^0(C(I_{}))`$. The contribution of $`^0(C_1)`$ was calculated by Ellingsrud and Strømme ; the result is $`_{i>0}b_i`$. As for the contribution of $`^{}(C_{par})`$, it is easy to see that the number of the positive weights is the following:

$$\underset{j1}{}\underset{a=0}{\overset{\overline{h}_{1,j}1}{}}1=\underset{j1}{}\overline{h}_{1,j}=\underset{j1}{}\underset{\alpha >0}{}\eta _\alpha (j).$$

Thus the number of the positive weights in the tangent space $`T_{FP(\eta )}`$ is the following:

$$\begin{array}{c}\underset{i>0}{}b_i+\underset{j1}{}\underset{\alpha >0}{}\eta _\alpha (j)=\underset{j>0}{}(j1)\underset{\alpha }{}\eta _\alpha (j)+\underset{j1}{}\underset{\alpha >0}{}\eta _\alpha (j)\hfill \\ \hfill =\underset{j>0}{}j\underset{\alpha }{}\eta _\alpha (j)\underset{\alpha 0}{}\underset{j1}{}\eta _\alpha (j)=n\underset{\alpha 0}{}\underset{j1}{}\eta _\alpha (j).\end{array}$$
(10)
The right hand side can be rewritten as $`n\eta `$. Hence we are done.

For any element $`𝒗`$ of $`𝒰`$, the number $`ϵ_𝒗`$ is defined to be $`0`$ $`(𝒗0)`$ or $`1`$ $`(𝒗=0)`$.

###### Corollary 3.2

Assume that $`\rho _{}(𝐯)=0`$.

1. In the decomposition of $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ given above, the dimensions of the cells are less than $`nϵ_{\rho _+(𝒗)}+ϵ_𝒗`$.
2. When $`\rho _+(𝒗)0`$, the dimension of the cell corresponding to $`\eta (𝒗)`$ is $`nϵ_{\rho _+(𝒗)}+ϵ_𝒗`$ if and only if $`\eta _0=0`$.
3. When $`\rho _+(𝒗)=0`$ and $`𝒗0`$, the dimension of the cell corresponding to $`\eta (𝒗)`$ is $`n1`$ if and only if $`\eta _0(i)`$ is $`0`$ ($`in`$) or $`1`$ $`(i=n)`$.

The cells which have the maximal dimension are called the top cells.

###### Corollary 3.3

If $`𝐯`$ is $`n𝐞_0`$ or $`n𝐞_0+𝐞_\alpha (\alpha >0)`$, then there exists the unique top cell in the decomposition of the punctual Hilbert scheme $`X_p^{[𝐯]}`$.

### 3.4 Briançon’s theorem

Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒜`$.

###### Proposition 3.2

The union of the top cells is dense in the punctual parabolic Hilbert scheme $`X_p^{[𝐯]}`$.

Proof If $`\rho (𝒗)=0`$, the claim is the theorem of Briançon. So we only have to consider the case $`\rho (𝒗)0`$. Due to the isomorphism given in subsection 2.1, we only have to consider the case $`\rho _{}(𝒗)=0`$ (See Remark 2.1). We divide the argument into the following steps: (i) The case $`𝒗=n𝒆_0+𝒆_\alpha `$, (ii) The case $`𝒗=n𝒆_0+_{\alpha =1}^{\alpha _+}𝒆_\alpha `$, (iii) The general case.

(i) If $`𝒗=n𝒆_0+𝒆_\alpha `$, then $`X_p^{[𝒗]}`$ is isomorphic to the punctual nested Hilbert scheme. Thus the irreducibility was proved by Ellingsrud-Strømme .

(ii) For $`𝒗=m𝒆_0+_{\alpha =1}^{\alpha _+}𝒆_\alpha `$, we put $`𝒗_0:=n𝒆_0+𝒆_{\alpha _+}`$. We have the universal ideal sheaf $`I`$ defined over $`X_p^{[𝒗_0]}\times X`$, and the universal quotient $`I𝒪_D𝒢_{\alpha _+}`$ defined over $`X_p^{[𝒗_0]}\times D`$. We put $`K:=Ker(I𝒪_D𝒢_{\alpha _+})`$. On $`X_p^{[𝒗_0]}\times D`$, we take the resolution $`(FV)`$ of $`K`$, that is, $`V/FK`$. We consider the moduli scheme $`Filt`$ of the tuple $`(U,𝒢_{})`$ of a $`X^{[𝒗_0]}`$-scheme $`U`$ and the filtration $`V|_{U\times D}_1_2\mathrm{}_{\alpha _+1}_{\alpha _+}=0`$ over $`U\times D`$ satisfying the following:

* $`_i`$ are flat over $`U`$.
* $`length(Ker(_i_{i+1})|_{\{u\}\times D})=1`$ for any $`i=1,\mathrm{},\alpha _+1`$ and for any closed point $`u`$ of $`U`$.
* The support of $`Ker(_i_{i+1})|_{\{u\}\times D}`$ is $`\{x\}`$ for any $`i=1,\mathrm{},\alpha _+1`$ and for any closed point $`u`$ of $`U`$.

Then it is easy to see that $`Filt`$ is smooth scheme over $`X_p^{[𝒗_0]}`$. The relative dimension of $`Filt`$ over $`X_p^{[𝒗_0]}`$ is $`(rank(V)1)\times (\alpha _+1)`$. We have the natural morphism $`f:Filt\times DX_p^{[𝒗_0]}\times D`$. We denote the projection of $`Filt\times D`$ to $`Filt`$ by $`p_1`$. On $`Filt\times D`$, we have the universal filtration $`_{}`$ of $`f^{}(V)`$. Thus we obtain the composite of the morphisms $`f^{}Ff^{}V_1`$. Hence we obtain the vector bundle $`p_1(om(f^{}(F),_1))`$ and the section $`s`$. The rank of the vector bundle $`p_1(om(f^{}(F),_1))`$ is $`rank(F)(\alpha _+1)=(rank(V)1)(\alpha _+1)`$. Thus the dimensions of any irreducible components of the $`0`$-set $`s^1(0)`$ are larger than $`dim(X_p^{[𝒗_0]})`$.

It is easy to see that $`s^1(0)`$ is isomorphic to $`X_p^{[𝒗]}`$. Thus the dimension of each irreducible component of $`X_p^{[𝒗]}`$ is larger than $`dim(X_p^{[𝒗_0]})=n`$. On the other hand, we have the cell decomposition of $`X_p^{[𝒗]}`$. The dimensions of top cells are $`n`$, and the dimensions of the other cells are strictly less than $`n`$. Thus we can conclude that the $`X_p^{[𝒗]}`$ is the closure of the top cells.

(iii) For a general element $`𝒗`$ of $`𝒜`$, we put $`\alpha _+=_{\alpha >0}\rho _\alpha (𝒗)`$, and $`𝒗^{}=\rho _0(𝒗)𝒆_0+_{\alpha =1}^{\alpha _+}𝒆_\alpha `$. It is easy to see that we can take a surjective morphism of $`X^{[𝒗^{}]}`$ onto $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ such that the following is satisfied:

> It is equivariant, and any fixed point corresponding to a top cell of $`X^{[𝒗^{}]}`$ is mapped to a fixed point corresponding to a top cell of $`X^{[𝒗]}`$.

It follows that the points contained in the top cells are mapped to the points contained in the top cells. Since $`X^{[𝒗^{}]}`$ is the closure of the top cells, we can conclude that $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ is the closure of the top cells of $`X^{[𝒗]}`$.

### 3.5 The class in the Grothendieck ring $`K_0(V_k)`$

Let $`A^l`$ denote an $`l`$-dimensional affine space over $`k`$. For a variety $`Y`$ and an integer $`a`$, we put as follows:

$$S_a(Y,t)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(Y\times A)^{(n)}t^nK_0(V_k)[[t]].$$

Let $`X`$ be a projective smooth surface and $`D`$ be a divisor. We put as follows:

$$H_0:=\underset{𝒗𝒜}{}X^{[𝒗]}x^𝒗=\underset{𝒗𝒫}{}X^{[𝒗]}x^𝒗K_0(V_k)[[𝒫]].$$

Here we put $`X^{[𝒗]}:=\mathrm{}`$ for any $`𝒗𝒜`$.

###### Theorem 3.1

We have the following equality in $`K_0(V_k)[[𝒫]]`$:

$$H_0=\underset{i1}{}S_{i1}(X,x_0^i)\times \underset{\alpha <0}{}\underset{i1}{}S_{i1}(D,x_0^ix_\alpha )\times \underset{\alpha >0}{}\underset{i0}{}S_i(D,x_0^ix_\alpha ).$$

In particular, we obtain the formula of the $`E`$-polynomials of the parabolic Hilbert schemes $`X^{[𝐯]}`$ to describe in terms of those of the symmetric powers of $`X`$ and $`D`$.

Proof Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒫`$. From the decomposition $`X=U+D`$, we have the following direct sum decomposition:

$$X^{(\rho _0(𝒗))}\times D^{(\rho (𝒗))}=\underset{a+b=\rho _0(𝒗)}{}U^{(a)}\times D^{(b)}\times D^{(\rho (𝒗))}=\underset{\begin{array}{c}a+\rho _0(𝒗^{})=\rho _0(𝒗),\\ \rho (𝒗^{})=\rho (𝒗)\end{array}}{}U^{(a)}\times D^{(𝒗^{})}$$

The direct sum decompositions of $`U^{(a)}\times D^{(𝒗^{})}`$ give the following decomposition of $`X^{(n)}\times D^{(l_{})}`$:

$$X^{(\rho _0(𝒗))}\times D^{(\rho (𝒗))}=\underset{\begin{array}{c}a+\rho _0(𝒗^{})=\rho _0(𝒗)\\ (f,g)𝒮(𝒫_0^{},a)\times 𝒮(𝒫^{},𝒗^{})\end{array}}{}U_{}^{(f)}\times D_{}^{(g)}.$$

We have the Hilbert Chow morphism $`\omega :X^{[𝒗]}X^{(\rho _0(𝒗))}\times D^{(\rho (𝒗))}`$. The inverse image $`\omega ^1(U_{}^{(f)}\times D_{}^{(g)})`$ with the reduced structure is denoted by $`X[f,g]`$. Then we obtain the following equality:

$$H_0=\underset{(f,g)𝒮(𝒫_0^{})\times 𝒮(𝒫^{})}{}X[f,g]x_0^{\varphi _{\{0\}}(f)}x^{\varphi _{}(g)}.$$
(11)
Let see $`X[f,g]`$ in the following two cases:

* $`a=n`$, $`b=0`$, $`f(n)=1`$ and $`f(a^{})=0`$ for $`a^{}n`$. We denote such $`f`$ by $`\delta _n`$. In this case $`g=0`$.
* $`a=0`$, $`b=n`$, $`g(𝒗)=1`$ and $`g(𝒗^{})=0`$ for $`𝒗^{}𝒗`$. We denote such $`g`$ by $`\delta _𝒗`$. In this case $`f=0`$.

We have the fibrations $`X[\delta _n,0]U`$ and $`X[0,\delta _𝒗]D`$. The fibers are the punctual Hilbert scheme and the punctual parabolic Hilbert scheme respectively. The statement for $`X[\delta _n,0]`$ in the following lemma was proved by Göttsche .

###### Lemma 3.3

The fibrations $`X[\delta _n,0]U`$ and $`X[0,\delta _𝐯]D`$ are Zariski trivial.

Proof Since the ground field $`k`$ is algebraically closed, we can take a Zariski covering $`\{U_i\}`$ such that we have an etale map $`\psi _i:(U_i,U_iD)(A^2,A^1)`$ for each $`i`$. Since the families $`X[\delta _n,0]|_{U_iU}UU_i`$ and $`X[0,\delta _𝒗]|_{U_iD}DU_i`$ are the pull backs of the families $`A^2[\delta _n,0]A^2`$ and $`A^2[0,\delta _𝒗]A^1`$ via the morphism $`\psi _i`$, we only have to prove that the families $`X[\delta _n,0]U`$ and $`X[0,\delta _𝒗]D`$ are trivial when $`X=A^2`$ and $`D=A^1`$. We can show such trivialities by using the translations $`A^2A^2,xx+a,(aA^2)`$ and $`A^1A^1,xx+a,(aA^1)`$.

Let $`R(i)`$ denote the punctual Hilbert scheme of the $`0`$-schemes of length $`i`$, and $`R(𝒗)`$ denote the punctual parabolic Hilbert scheme of the parabolic length $`𝒗`$. Due to Lemma 3.3, we obtain the following equalities in $`K_0(V_k)`$:

$$X[\delta _i,0]=U\times R(i),X[0,\delta _𝒗]=D\times R(𝒗).$$

Due to the result of Ellingsrud-Strømme  and Proposition 3.1, we have the following cell decompositions:

$$R(i)=\underset{\rho _0(i)}{}A^{\varphi (\rho )|\rho |},R(\chi )=\underset{\eta (𝒗)}{}A^{\rho _0(\mathrm{\Psi }(\eta ))\eta }.$$

Here we put $`\eta :=_{\alpha 0}|\eta _\alpha |`$. We have the following isomorphism of the varieties:

$$X[f,g]\left(\underset{i𝒫_0^{}}{}X[\delta _i,0]^{(f(i))}\right)_{}\times \left(\underset{𝒗𝒫^{}}{}X[0,\delta _𝒗]^{(g(𝒗))}\right)_{}.$$

Thus we have the following equality in $`K_0(V_k)`$:

$$X[f,g]=\left(\underset{i𝒫_0^{}}{}(U\times R_i)^{(f(i))}\right)_{}\times \left(\underset{𝒗𝒫^{}}{}(D\times R(𝒗))^{(g(𝒗))}\right)_{}.$$
(12)
We put as follows:

$$H_1:=\underset{f𝒮(𝒫_0^{})}{}\left[\underset{i𝒫_0^{}}{}(U\times R(i))^{(f(i))}\right]_{}x_0^{\varphi _{\{0\}}(f)},H_2:=\underset{g𝒮(𝒫^{})}{}\left[\underset{𝒗𝒫^{}}{}(D\times R(𝒗))^{(g(𝒗))}\right]_{}x^{\varphi _{}(g)}.$$

Then we have the equality $`H_0=H_1H_2`$. By applying Lemma 2.5, we shall obtain the formula for $`H_1`$ and $`H_2`$. The generating function $`H_1`$ is of the following form:

$$H_1=\underset{f𝒮(𝒫_0^{})}{}\left[\underset{i𝒫_0^{}}{}\left(\underset{\rho _0(i)}{}U\times A^{\varphi _{\{0\}}(\rho )|\rho |}\right)^{(f(i))}\right]_{}x_0^{\varphi _{\{0\}}(\rho )}.$$

Recall that $`_0=𝒮(𝒯(\{0\}))`$. For any element $`a𝒯(\{0\})_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}}`$, we have the equalities $`\rho (\delta _a)|\delta _a|=a1`$, and $`\varphi _{\{0\}}(\delta _a)=a`$. Thus we obtain the following formula:

$$H_1=\underset{a_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}}}{}\left(\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}(U\times A^{a1})^{(j)}t^{aj}\right)=\underset{a1}{}S_{a1}(U,t^a).$$

The generating function $`H_2`$ is of the following form:

$$H_2=\underset{g𝒮(𝒫^{})}{}\left[\underset{𝒗𝒫^{}}{}\left(\underset{\eta (𝒗)}{}D\times A^{\rho _0(\mathrm{\Psi }(\eta ))\eta }\right)^{(g(𝒗))}\right]_{}x^{\varphi _{}(g)}.$$

By applying Lemma 2.5, we obtain the following formula:

$$H_2=\underset{𝒖C}{}\left(\underset{j=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}\left(D\times A^{\rho _0(\mathrm{\Psi }(\delta _𝒖))\delta _𝒖}\right)^{(j)}x^{\mathrm{\Psi }(\delta _𝒖)}\right).$$

We have the decomposition $`C=_\alpha C_\alpha `$. For any element $`𝒖C_\alpha `$, we have the equality $`\mathrm{\Psi }(\delta _𝒖)=𝒖`$. Hence we have $`x^{\mathrm{\Psi }(\delta _𝒖)}=x_0^{\rho _0(𝒖)}x_\alpha `$ and $`\rho _0(\mathrm{\Psi }(\delta _𝒖))=\rho _0(𝒖)`$ for $`𝒖C_\alpha `$. We also have the following equality for $`𝒖C_\alpha `$:

$$\delta _𝒖=\{\begin{array}{cc}0\hfill & (\alpha >0)\hfill \\ 1\hfill & (\alpha 0).\hfill \end{array}$$

Thus we obtain the following formula:

$$H_2=\underset{i1}{}S_{i1}(D,x_0^i)\times \underset{\alpha <0}{}\underset{i1}{}S_{i1}(D,x_0^ix_\alpha )\times \underset{\alpha >0}{}\underset{i0}{}S_i(D,x_0^ix_\alpha ).$$
(13)
Note that we have the following equality:

$$S_a(U,t)S_a(D,t)=S_a(U+D,t)=S_a(X,t).$$

In all we obtain the formula desired.

## 4 The incidence varieties and their composition

In this section, we only consider the parabolic Hilbert schemes $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ such that $`\rho _{}(𝒗)=0`$. We put $`𝒰_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}:=𝒰_0𝒰_+`$, which is a subgroup of $`𝒰`$. We put $`C_L:=C_0C_+=C𝒰_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$, $`C_L:=(C)𝒰_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{C}_L=C_L(C_L)`$. We put $`𝒜_L:=𝒜𝒰_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$.

For any element $`𝒗`$ of $`𝒰_{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0}}`$, the number $`ϵ_𝒗`$ is defined to be $`1`$ $`(𝒗=0)`$ or $`0`$ $`(𝒗0)`$.

### 4.1 The incidence varieties

#### 4.1.1 $`𝒖C_L`$

Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒜_L`$. We put $`𝒜_L(𝒗):=\{𝒂𝒜_L|𝒗𝒂𝒜_L\}`$. For any $`𝒖C_L`$ and any $`𝒂𝒜_L(𝒗)`$, the locally closed subscheme $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖)_𝒂`$ of $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_𝒖\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖]}`$ is defined as follows:

$$\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖)_𝒂:=\{((I_1,𝒢_1),x,(I_2,𝒢_2))|.\begin{array}{c}(I_1,𝒢_{1,})=(I_2,𝒢_{2,})\text{ on }X\{x\}\text{}\hfill \\ length_x(𝒪/I_1,𝒢_{1,})=𝒂,length_x(𝒪/I_2,𝒢_{2,})=𝒂+𝒖\hfill \end{array}\}.$$

###### Lemma 4.1

Let $`𝐯`$, $`𝐮`$ and $`𝐚`$ be as above. The dimension of $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝐯,𝐮)_𝐚`$ is as follows:

$$d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖)|𝒂|_++1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖)}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖)}.$$

Let $`𝐯`$ be an element of $`𝒜_L`$ and $`𝐮`$ be an element of $`C_L`$. It holds that $`dim(\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝐯,𝐮)_0)=d(𝐯)+\rho _0(𝐮)+1`$. Let $`𝐚0`$ be an element of $`𝒜_L(𝐯)`$. Then we have the inequality $`dim(\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝐯,𝐮)_𝐚)<d(𝐯)+\rho _0(𝐮)+1`$.

Proof It is easy to see the following equality:

$$dim(\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖)_𝒂)=dim(X^{[𝒗𝒂]})+dim(X_p^{[𝒂]})+dim(X_p^{[𝒂+𝒖]})+1+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖+𝒂)}.$$

Due to Corollary 3.2, the right hand side is equal to the following:

$$\begin{array}{c}2\rho _0(𝒗𝒂)+\underset{\alpha >0}{}\rho _\alpha (𝒗𝒂)+\rho _0(𝒂)ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂+\rho _0(𝒖+𝒂)ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖+𝒂)}+ϵ_{𝒖+𝒂}+1+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}\hfill \\ \hfill =d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖)+1|𝒂|_+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖+𝒂)}+ϵ_{𝒖+𝒂}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}.\end{array}$$
(14)
Since the elements $`𝒖`$ and $`𝒂`$ are contained in $`𝒜_L`$, the sum $`𝒂+𝒖`$ is not $`0`$. Thus we have $`ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖}=0`$. Hence we obtain the first equality. It implies the equality in the case $`𝒂=0`$.

If $`𝒂0`$, then $`ϵ_𝒂=0`$. We have the inequalities $`|𝒂|_+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}1`$ and $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖)}(1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)})0`$. Thus we obtain the inequality in the case $`𝒂0`$.

We denote the closure of $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖)_0`$ by $`Z(𝒗,𝒖)`$, whose dimension is $`d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖)+1`$. We call it the incidence variety for $`(𝒗,𝒖)`$ in the case $`𝒖C`$.

#### 4.1.2 $`𝒖C_L`$

Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒜_L`$ and $`𝒖`$ be an element of $`C_L`$ such that $`𝒗+𝒖`$ is contained in $`𝒜_L`$. The incidence variety $`Z(𝒗,𝒖)X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_𝒖\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖]}`$ is defined as follows: We have the incidence variety $`Z(𝒗+𝒖,𝒖)`$ which is a closed subvariety of $`X^{[𝒗+𝒖]}\times Y_𝒖\times X^{[𝒗]}`$. We have the isomorphism of $`X^{[𝒗+𝒖]}\times Y_𝒖\times X^{[𝒗]}`$ to $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_𝒖\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖]}`$ by the transposition of the first and third components. The image of $`Z(𝒗+𝒖,𝒖)`$ is denoted by $`Z(𝒗,𝒖)`$, which we call the incidence variety in the case $`𝒖C_L`$.

#### 4.1.3 The dimension of the incidence variety

Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒜_L`$. We put $`\stackrel{~}{C}_L(𝒗):=\{𝒖\stackrel{~}{C}_L|𝒗+𝒖𝒜_L\}`$. Recall that the function $`g:\stackrel{~}{C}_L\{1,0\}`$ is defined as follows:

$$g(𝒖):=\{\begin{array}{cc}\hfill 1& (𝒖C_L,\rho (𝒖)0),\hfill \\ \hfill 0& (\text{otherwise}).\hfill \end{array}$$

###### Lemma 4.2

Let $`𝐯`$ be an element of $`𝒜`$, and $`𝐮`$ be an element of $`\stackrel{~}{C}(𝐯)`$. The dimension of the incidence variety $`Z(𝐯,𝐮)`$ is $`d(𝐯)+\rho _0(𝐮)+1+g(𝐮)`$.

Proof In the case $`𝒖C_L`$, the equality is proved in Lemma 4.1. Let us consider the case $`𝒖=𝒖^{}C_L`$. The dimension is same as the following:

$$\begin{array}{c}dim(Z(𝒗𝒖^{},𝒖^{}))=d(𝒗𝒖^{})+\rho _0(𝒖^{})+1=d(𝒗)2\rho _0(𝒖^{})|𝒖^{}|_++\rho _0(𝒖^{})+1\hfill \\ \hfill =d(𝒗)+2\rho _0(𝒖)|𝒖^{}|_+\rho _0(𝒖)+1=d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖)+1|𝒖^{}|_+.\end{array}$$
(15)
It is easy to see that $`g(𝒖)=|𝒖^{}|_+`$ when $`𝒖C_L`$.

Notation: We put $`d(𝒗,𝒖):=d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖)+1+g(𝒖)`$ for any $`𝒂𝒜_L`$ and $`𝒖\stackrel{~}{C}_L(𝒗)`$.

### 4.2 Composition varieties

Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒜_L`$. We have the incidence varieties $`Z(𝒗,𝒖)`$ for any $`𝒗𝒜_L`$ and $`𝒖\stackrel{~}{C}_L(𝒗)`$. We are interested in the correspondence morphisms induced by the incidence varieties and the composition of them. For any $`𝒗𝒜_L`$, we put $`\stackrel{~}{C}_L^2(𝒗):=\left\{(𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\stackrel{~}{C}_L^2\right|𝒗+𝒖_1𝒜_L,𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2𝒜_L\}`$. Moreover we put as follows:

$$Comp_L:=\{(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)|𝒗𝒜_L,(𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\stackrel{~}{C}_L^2(𝒗)\}.$$

For any $`(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)Comp_L`$, we consider the product $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1]}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$. We denote the projections to $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1]}`$ and $`X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1]}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$ by $`\pi _{4,5}`$ and $`\pi _{1,2}`$ respectively. Then we have the following subvariety:

$$Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2):=\pi _{4,5}^1\left(Z(𝒗,𝒖_1)\right)\pi _{1,2}^1\left(Z(𝒗+𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\right).$$

The expected dimension $`d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$ of $`Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$ is given as follows:

$$\begin{array}{c}d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2):=\hfill \\ \hfill dim\left(\pi _{4,5}^1\left(Z(𝒗,𝒖_1)\right)\right)+dim\left(\pi _{1,2}^1\left(Z(𝒗+𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\right)\right)dim\left(X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1]}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}\right)\\ \hfill =dim(Z(𝒗,𝒖_1))+dim(Z(𝒗+𝒖_1,𝒖_2))X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1]}\\ \hfill =d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖_1)+1+g(𝒖_1)+d(𝒗+𝒖_1)+\rho _0(𝒖_2)+1+g(𝒖_2)d(𝒗+𝒖_1)\\ \hfill =d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)+2+g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2).\end{array}$$
(16)
We have the intersection product ():

$$[Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)]:=\pi _{4,5}^{}\left([Z(𝒗,𝒖_1)]\right)\pi _{1,2}^{}\left([Z(𝒗+𝒖_1,𝒖_2)]\right)CH_{d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)}\left(Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\right).$$

We denote the projection of $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1]}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$ to $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$ by $`\pi _3`$. Then we obtain the class $`\pi _3\left([Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)]\right)CH_{d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)}(\pi _3(Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)))`$.

For any $`(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)Comp_L`$, we put as follows:

$$\begin{array}{c}St_0(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2):=\{(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)𝒜_L^2|𝒂_i+𝒖_i𝒜_L,𝒗𝒂_1𝒂_2𝒜_L\},\hfill \\ St_1(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2):=\{𝒂𝒜_L|𝒗𝒂𝒜_L,𝒂+𝒖_1𝒜_L,𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2𝒜_L\}.\hfill \end{array}$$

We consider the following locally closed subschemes $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}`$ of $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$: For any $`(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)St_0(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$, the subscheme $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}`$ is defined as follows:

$$\begin{array}{c}\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}:=\hfill \\ \hfill \{((I_1,𝒢_{1,}),x_1,x_2,(I_2,𝒢_{2,}))|.\begin{array}{c}x_1x_2,(I_1,𝒢_{1,})=(I_2,𝒢_{2,})\text{ on }X\{x_1,x_2\}\text{}\hfill \\ length_{x_i}(𝒪/I_1,𝒢_1)=𝒂_i,length_{x_i}(𝒪/I_2,𝒢_2)=𝒂_i+𝒖_i\hfill \end{array}\}.\end{array}$$
(17)
For any $`𝒂St_1(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$, the locally closed subscheme $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}`$ is defined as follows:

$$\begin{array}{c}\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}:=\hfill \\ \hfill \{((I_1,𝒢_{1,}),x,x,(I_2,𝒢_{2,}))|.\begin{array}{c}(I_1,𝒢_{1,})=(I_2,𝒢_{2,})\text{ on }X\{x\}\text{}\hfill \\ length_x(𝒪/I_1,𝒢_1)=𝒂,length_x(𝒪/I_2,𝒢_2)=𝒖_1+𝒖_2+𝒂\hfill \end{array}\}.\end{array}$$
(18)
We denote the closures of $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}`$ by $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}`$ and $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}`$ respectively. We put as follows:

$$\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2):=\underset{(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)St_0(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)}{}\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}\underset{𝒂St_1(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)}{}\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}.$$

It is easy to see that the image $`\pi _3(Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2))`$ is contained in $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$.

The varieties $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}`$, $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}`$, $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}`$, $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}`$ and $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$ are called the composition varieties. In the next subsection, we show the following:

###### Proposition 4.1 (Corollary4.1, Corollary 4.2 )

Let $`(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$ be an element of $`Comp_L`$.

1. The dimension of $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$ is $`d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$.
2. For $`𝒖\stackrel{~}{C}_L`$, the element $`\kappa (𝒖)A_L`$ is defined to be $`𝒖`$ $`(𝒖C_L)`$ or $`0`$ $`(𝒖C_L)`$. Then the component $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(\kappa (𝒖_1),\kappa (𝒖_2))}`$ has the expected dimension $`d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$.
3. When $`𝒖_1C_L`$ and $`𝒖_1+𝒖_2=0`$, then the component $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_1)_{1,(0,0)}`$ has the expected dimension $`d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$. It coincides with the diagonal component of $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗]}(X^{[𝒗]}\times Y)^2`$.
4. The dimensions of the other components are strictly less than the expected dimension $`d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$.

### 4.3 The estimate of the dimensions of the composition varieties

#### 4.3.1 $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}`$

Let $`(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$ be an element of $`Comp_L`$.

###### Lemma 4.3

For elements $`𝐚_1`$ and $`𝐚_2`$ of $`St_0(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$, the dimension of $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)_{0,(𝐚_1,𝐚_2)}`$ is as follows:

$$d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)+2+\underset{i=1,2}{}\left(|𝒂_i|_+ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i+𝒖_i}+ϵ_{\rho (𝒖_i)}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}\right).$$

Proof Let $`((I_1,𝒢_{1,}),(x_1,x_2),(I_2,𝒢_{2,}))`$ be a point contained in $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}`$. The contribution of the parts $`(I_1,𝒢_1)|_{X\{x_1,x_2\}}=(I_2,𝒢_2)|_{X\{x_1,x_2\}}`$ to the dimension of $`Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}`$ is same as $`dim(X^{[𝒗𝒂_1𝒂_2]})=d(𝒗𝒂_1𝒂_2)`$. Note that $`x_i`$ is contained in $`D`$ unless $`\rho (𝒖_i)=\rho (𝒂_i)=\rho (𝒖_i+𝒂_i)=0`$. Thus the contribution of $`(I_1,𝒢_1)_{x_i}`$, $`(I_2,𝒢_2)_{x_i}`$ and $`x_i`$ to the dimension of $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)}`$ is same as the following:

$$\begin{array}{c}dim(X_{x_i}^{[𝒂_i]})+dim(X_{x_i}^{[𝒂_i+𝒖_i]})+(1+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i)}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i+𝒂_i)})\hfill \\ \hfill =\rho _0(𝒂_i)ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i}+\rho _0(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i+𝒖_i}+1+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i)}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i+𝒂_i)}\\ \hfill =\rho _0(𝒖_i)+1+2\rho _0(𝒂_i)ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i+𝒖_i}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i)}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i+𝒂_i)}.\end{array}$$
(19)
Thus the dimension considered is the following:

$$\begin{array}{c}d(𝒗𝒂_1𝒂_2)+\underset{i=1,2}{}\left(\rho _0(𝒖_i)+1+2\rho _0(𝒂_i)ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i+𝒖_i}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i)}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i+𝒂_i)}\right)\hfill \\ \hfill =d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)+2+\underset{i=1,2}{}\left(|𝒂|_+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i+𝒖_i}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i)}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i+𝒂_i)}\right).\end{array}$$
(20)
Hence we are done.

We need the following estimate.

###### Lemma 4.4

Let $`𝐯,𝐮_i,𝐚_i`$ be in the previous lemma. We have the following inequality:

$$|𝒂_i|_+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i+𝒖_i}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i)}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i+𝒂_i)}g(𝒖_i).$$
(21)
It is an equality if and only if $`𝐚_i=0`$ or $`𝐚_i+𝐮_i=0`$.

Proof We divide the claim into the three cases: (1) $`𝒖_iC_L`$, (2) $`𝒖_iC_L`$ and $`\rho _+(𝒖_i)=0`$, (3) $`𝒖_iC_L`$ and $`\rho _+(𝒖_i)0`$.

Case (1) We have the equality $`g(𝒖_i)=0`$. Since $`𝒂_i𝒜_L`$, the element $`𝒂_i+𝒖_i`$ is not $`0`$. Thus $`ϵ_{𝒂_i+𝒖_i}=0`$. If $`𝒂_i0`$, the left hand side of (21) is as follows:

$$|𝒂|_+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i)}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i+𝒂_i)}.$$

We have the inequalities $`|𝒂|_+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}1`$ and $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i)}ϵ_{\rho (𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i+𝒂_i)}0`$. Thus the left hand side of (21) is strictly less than $`0`$.

If $`𝒂_i=0`$, then the left hand side of (21) is equal to the following: $`01+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_i)}^2=0`$.

Case (2) We have the equality $`g(𝒖_i)=0`$. Since $`𝒂_i+𝒖_i`$ is contained in $`𝒜_L`$, the element $`𝒂_i`$ is not $`0`$. Thus we have $`ϵ_{𝒂_i}=0`$.

If $`𝒂_i+𝒖_i0`$, then the left hand side of (21) is same as the following:

$$|𝒂_i|_+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}.$$

Here we have the inequalities $`|𝒂_i|_+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}1`$ and $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}0`$. Thus the left hand side of (21) is strictly less than $`0`$.

If $`𝒂_i+𝒖_i=0`$, then $`\rho _+(𝒂_i)=0`$. It implies $`|𝒂_i|_+=0`$ and $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i)}=1`$. Thus the left hand side is same as the following: $`01+01+1+1=0`$.

Case (3) We have $`g(𝒖_i)=1`$. Since $`𝒖_i+𝒂_i`$ is contained in $`𝒜_L`$, we have $`𝒂_i0`$ and $`\rho _+(𝒂_i)0`$.

If $`𝒂_i+𝒖_i0`$, the left hand side of (21) is same as $`|𝒂_i|_+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}`$. If $`|𝒂_i|_+2`$, then the left hand side is strictly less than $`1`$. Assume that $`|𝒂_i|_+=1`$. Since $`𝒂_i+𝒖_i𝒜_L`$ and since we have $`|𝒖_i|_+1`$, $`\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)`$ must be $`0`$ and thus $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}=1`$. Thus the left hand side is strictly less than $`1`$.

If $`𝒂_i+𝒖_i=0`$, we know the equalities $`|𝒂_i|_+=1`$ and $`|𝒂_i|_+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂_i+𝒖_i)}+ϵ_{𝒂_i+𝒖_i}=11+1=1`$.

We have the following direct corollary.

###### Corollary 4.1

Let $`(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$ be an element of $`Comp_L`$. Let $`(𝐚_1,𝐚_2)`$ be an element of $`St_0(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$. We have the following inequality:

$$dim(\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(𝒂_1,𝒂_2)})d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2).$$

It is an equality if and only if $`𝐚_i=0`$ or $`𝐚_i+𝐮_i=0`$ for any $`i\{1,2\}`$, i.e., $`(𝐚_1,𝐚_2)=(\kappa (𝐮_1),\kappa (𝐮_2))`$.

Notation: The locally closed subscheme $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(\kappa (𝒖_1),\kappa (𝒖_2))}`$ is denoted by $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0`$. The closure $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{0,(\kappa (𝒖_1),\kappa (𝒖_2))}`$ is denoted by $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0`$.

#### 4.3.2 $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}`$

Let $`(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$ be an element of $`Comp_L`$ as usual.

###### Lemma 4.5

Let $`𝐚`$ be an element of $`St_1(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$. Then the dimension of $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)_{1,𝐚}`$ is as follows:

$$d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)+2+\left(|𝒂|_+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}\right).$$

Proof Let $`((I_1,𝒢_{1,}),(x,x),(I_2,𝒢_{2,}))`$ be a point of $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}`$. The contribution of $`(I_1,𝒢_{1,})|_{X\{x\}}=(I_2,𝒢_{2,})|_{X\{x\}}`$ is same as $`dim(X^{[𝒗𝒂]})=d(𝒗𝒂)`$. The point $`x`$ is contained in $`D`$ unless $`\rho _+(𝒂)=\rho _+(𝒖_1)=\rho _+(𝒖_2)=\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)=0`$. Thus the contribution of $`(I_1,𝒢_{1,})_x`$, $`(I_2,𝒢_{2,})_x`$ and $`x`$ to the dimension of $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂}`$ is same as the following:

$$\begin{array}{c}\left(\rho _0(𝒂)ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂\right)+\left(\rho _0(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}\right)+\left(1+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}\right)\hfill \\ \hfill =2\rho _0(𝒂)+\rho _0(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}.\end{array}$$
(22)
Thus the dimension considered is the following:

$$\begin{array}{c}d(𝒗𝒂)+2\rho _0(𝒂)+\rho _0(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}\hfill \\ \hfill =d(𝒗)+\rho _0(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)+2+\left(|𝒂|_+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}\right).\end{array}$$
(23)
Hence we are done.

We need the following estimate.

###### Lemma 4.6

Let $`𝐯,𝐮_i`$ and $`𝐚`$ be as above. We have the following inequality:

$$|𝒂_i|_+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2).$$
(24)
It is an equality if and only if $`𝐮_1C_L`$ and $`𝐮_1+𝐮_2=𝐚=0`$.

Proof We divide the claim into the five cases: (1) $`𝒖_iC_L`$ $`(i=1,2)`$, (2) $`𝒖_iC_L`$ $`(i=1,2)`$, (3) $`𝒖_1C_L`$ and $`𝒖_2C_L`$, (4) $`𝒖_1C_L`$, $`𝒖_2(C_L)`$ and $`\rho _+(𝒖_2)=0`$, (5) $`𝒖_1C_L`$, $`𝒖_2(C_L)`$ and $`\rho _+(𝒖_2)0`$.

Case (1) We have the equality $`g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)=0`$. Since $`𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_20`$, the left hand side of (24) is equal to the following:

$$|𝒂|_+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}.$$

We have the inequalities $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_𝒂0`$ and $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}0`$. Thus the left hand side of (24) is less than $`1`$.

Case (2) Since $`𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2`$ is contained in $`𝒜_L`$, we know $`𝒂0`$ and $`|𝒂|_+g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)`$. Thus the left hand side of (24) is less than the following:

$$g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}.$$

Since we have the inequalities $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}0`$ and $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}0`$, the left hand side of (24) is strictly less than $`g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)`$.

Case (3) Since $`𝒖_1+𝒂`$ is contained in $`𝒜_L`$, we know that $`𝒂0`$ and that $`|𝒂|_+g(𝒖_1)=g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)`$. Thus the left hand side of (24) is less than the following:

$$g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_2)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}.$$

As in the case (2), it is strictly less than $`g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)`$.

Case (4) We have $`g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)=0`$. If $`𝒂0`$, the left hand side of (24) is less than the following:

$$|𝒂|_+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}.$$
(25)
Since we have $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}0`$ and $`ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}0`$, the left hand side of (24) is less than $`1`$.

If $`𝒂=0`$, the left hand side of (24) is equal to the following:

$$011+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒖_1+𝒖_2}+ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}=1+ϵ_{𝒖_1+𝒖_2}.$$

It is less than $`0=g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)`$, and it is an equality if and only if $`𝒖_1+𝒖_2=0`$.

Case (5) We have the equality $`g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)=1`$. If $`𝒂0`$, then the left hand side of (24) is less than the following:

$$|𝒂|_+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2}|𝒂|_+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒂)}2<g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2).$$

Assume that $`𝒂=0`$, the left hand side is equal to the following:

$$011+1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒖_1+𝒖_2}+0=1ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)}+ϵ_{𝒖_1+𝒖_2}.$$

Our assumption that $`𝒂+𝒖_1+𝒖_2=𝒖_1+𝒖_2𝒜_L`$ implies the inequality $`\rho _\alpha (𝒖_1+𝒖_2)0`$ for any $`\alpha >0`$. Since we have $`𝒖_1C_L`$ and $`𝒖_2C_L`$, we obtain the equality $`\rho _\alpha (𝒖_1+𝒖_2)=0`$ for any $`\alpha >0`$, i.e., $`\rho _+(𝒖_1+𝒖_2)=0`$. Thus the left hand side of (24) is less than $`2+ϵ_{𝒖_1+𝒖_2}`$. It is less than $`1=g(𝒖_1)+g(𝒖_2)`$. It is equal to $`1`$ if and only if $`𝒖_1+𝒖_2=0`$.

We obtain the following direct corollary.

###### Corollary 4.2

Let $`(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$ be an elements of $`Comp_L`$. Let $`𝐚`$ be an element of $`St_1(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$. Then we have the following inequality:

$$dim(\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,𝒂})d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2).$$

It is an equality if and only if $`𝐮_1C_L`$ and $`𝐮_1+𝐮_2=𝐚=0`$.

Notation: When $`𝒖_1C_L`$ and $`𝒖_1+𝒖_2=0`$, we denote $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,0}`$ by $`\mathrm{\Delta }^{}`$. The closure $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_{1,0}`$ is same as the diagonal of $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗]}`$. We denote it by $`\mathrm{\Delta }_{X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}}`$.

### 4.4 The multiplicities

Due to Proposition 4.1, the cycle $`\pi _{3,}\left([Z(𝒗,𝒖_1)][Z(𝒗+𝒖_1,𝒖_2)]\right)`$ contained in $`CH_{d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)}\left(\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\right)`$ is described as follows:

$$\pi _{3,}\left([Z(𝒗,𝒖_1)][Z(𝒗+𝒖_1,𝒖_2)]\right)=\alpha [\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0]+\beta h(𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\mathrm{\Delta }_{X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}}.$$

Here $`\alpha `$ and $`\beta `$ denote the multiplicities, and $`h(𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$ is defined to be $`1`$ $`(𝒖_1C,𝒖_1+𝒖_2=0)`$ or $`0`$ (otherwise). We need to calculate the multiplicities. We put as follows:

$$W=\{\begin{array}{cc}\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\left(\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0\mathrm{\Delta }^{}\right),\hfill & (𝒖_1C,𝒖_1+𝒖_2=0),\hfill \\ \overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0,\hfill & (\text{otherwise}).\hfill \end{array}$$

Note that $`W`$ is closed. We already know that $`dim(W)<d(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$. We put $`U:=X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}W`$. It is easy to see that $`U\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)=\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0\mathrm{\Delta }^{}`$. The intersection $`Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\pi _3^1(U)`$ is divided into the disjoint union of $`\pi _3^1(\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0)`$ and $`\pi _3^1(\mathrm{\Delta }^{})`$.

The subvarieties $`\pi _{4,5}(Z(𝒗,𝒖_1))`$ and $`\pi _{1,2}(Z(𝒗+𝒖_1,𝒖_2))`$ intersect transversally at $`\pi _3^1(\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0)`$. Thus the multiplicity $`\alpha `$ is $`1`$.

Let consider the multiplicity $`\beta `$. Let $`\omega `$ be the natural morphism $`X^{[𝒖_1]}X^{(𝒖_1)}`$. We have the natural diagonal embedding $`Y_{𝒖_1}X^{(𝒖_1)}`$. Let take a point $`x`$ of $`Y_{𝒖_1}`$, and then it gives the point of $`X^{(𝒖_1)}`$. We put $`X_0^{[𝒖_1]}:=\omega ^1(Y_{𝒖_1})`$ and $`X_x^{[𝒖_1]}:=\omega ^1(x)X_0^{[𝒖_1]}`$.

The number $`\beta `$ is same as the intersection number $`[X_x^{[𝒖_1]}][X_0^{[𝒖_1]}]`$ in $`X^{[𝒖_1]}`$. When $`\rho _+(𝒖_1)=0`$, the number $`[X_x^{[𝒖_1]}][X_0^{[𝒖_1]}]`$ is calculated by Ellingsrud and Strømme, which is $`(1)^{\rho _0(𝒖_1)}\rho _0(𝒖_1)`$. The following lemma can be easily derived from their calculation.

###### Lemma 4.7

When $`\rho _+(𝐮_1)0`$, the number $`[X_x^{[𝐮_1]}][X_0^{[𝐮_1]}]`$ is $`(1)^{\rho _0(𝐮_1)}`$.

Proof We put $`\rho _0(𝒖_1)=n`$. Let $`X^{[n,n+1]}`$ denote the nested Hilbert scheme, that is, the moduli of the pairs $`(I_1,I_2)`$ of the ideal sheaves on $`X`$ such that $`length(𝒪/I_1)=n,length(𝒪/I_2)=n+1`$ and that $`I_1I_2`$. It is well known that $`X^{[n,n+1]}`$ is smooth. We have the morphism $`\omega :X^{[n,n+1]}X^{(n+1)}`$. We denote the small diagonal of $`X^{(n+1)}`$ by $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$. We denote $`\omega ^1(\mathrm{\Delta })`$ by $`X_0^{[n,n+1]}`$. Let take a point $`x`$ of $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$. We denote $`\omega ^1(x)`$ by $`X_x^{[n,n+1]}`$. Ellingsrud-Strømme calculated the intersection number $`[X_0^{[n,n+1]}][X_x^{[n,n+1]}]`$ in $`X^{[n,n+1]}`$. The answer is $`(1)^n`$.

We have the natural morphism $`H:X^{[n,n+1]}X`$. The morphism $`H`$ is transversal with $`D`$. Moreover the restriction of $`H`$ to $`X_0^{[n,n+1]}`$ is also transversal with $`D`$.

If $`𝒖`$ is an element of $`C`$ such that $`\rho _+(𝒖)0`$, then $`X^{[𝒖]}`$ (resp. $`X_0^{[𝒖]}`$) is naturally isomorphic to $`H^1(D)`$ (resp. $`H|_{X_0^{[n,n+1]}}^1(D)`$). Thus the intersection number desired is $`(1)^n`$.

In all, we obtain the following result.

###### Theorem 4.1

Let $`(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$ be an element of $`Comp_L`$. In the group $`CH_{d(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)}(\pi _3(Z(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)))`$, we have the following equality:

$$\pi _3\left([Z(𝒗,𝒖_1)][Z(𝒗+𝒖_1,𝒖_2)]\right)=[\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0]+f(𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\left(\rho _0(𝒖_1)\right)^{ϵ_{\rho _+(𝒖_1)}}(1)^{\rho _0(𝒖_1)}\mathrm{\Delta }_{X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}}.$$

Here $`f(𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$ is defined to be $`1`$ $`(𝐮_1C,𝐮_1+𝐮_2=0)`$ or $`0`$ (otherwise).

## 5 The Heisenberg relation

We consider the parabolic Hilbert schemes $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ such that $`𝒗`$ is not necessarily contained in $`𝒜_L`$.

### 5.1 The composition of incidence varieties

Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒜`$. We put $`\stackrel{~}{C}(𝒗):=\{𝒖\stackrel{~}{C}|𝒗+𝒖𝒜\}`$ and $`𝒖`$ be an element of $`\stackrel{~}{C}(𝒗)`$. Then we have already introduced the incidence variety $`Z(𝒗,𝒖)`$ for $`(𝒗,𝒖)`$ in subsubsection 1.2.2. The following lemma can be shown by an argument similar to the proof of Lemma 4.1 and Lemma 4.2.

###### Lemma 5.1

The dimension of the incidence variety $`Z(𝐯,𝐮)`$ is $`d(𝐯)+\rho _0(𝐮)+1+g(𝐮)`$. Here the function $`g:\stackrel{~}{C}\{1,1\}`$ is defined in subsubsection 1.1.2.

For $`𝒗`$, the subset $`\stackrel{~}{C}^2(𝒗)`$ of $`\stackrel{~}{C}^2`$ is defined to be $`\{(𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\stackrel{~}{C}^2|𝒗+𝒖_1𝒜,𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2𝒜\}`$. The subset $`Comp`$ of $`𝒜\times \stackrel{~}{C}^2`$ is defined to be $`\{(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)|𝒗𝒜,(𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\stackrel{~}{C}^2(𝒗)\}`$. For any element $`(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)Comp`$, we have the closed subscheme $`\pi _3(Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2))`$ of $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$ as in subsection 4.2. Moreover the closed subscheme $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0`$ of $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$ is defined to be the closure of the following locally closed subscheme:

$$\{((I_1,𝒢_{1,}),x_1,x_2,(I_2,𝒢_{2,}))|.\begin{array}{c}x_1x_2,(I_1,𝒢_{1,})=(I_2,𝒢_{2,})\text{ on }X\{x_1,x_2\}\text{}\hfill \\ length_{x_i}(𝒪/I_1,𝒢_1)=\mathrm{max}(0,𝒖_i),length_{x_i}(𝒪/I_2,𝒢_2)=\mathrm{max}(0,𝒖_i)\hfill \end{array}\}.$$

Here $`\mathrm{max}(0,𝒖)`$ denotes $`𝒖`$ $`(𝒖C)`$ or $`0`$ $`(𝒖C)`$ for any $`𝒖\stackrel{~}{C}`$. If $`(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$ is contained in $`Comp_L`$, then $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0`$ is same as the variety considered in the previous section. It is easy to see that the composition varieties are preserved by the morphisms of the form $`\mathrm{\Psi }_{𝒗,𝒗^{}(\beta )}`$ given in subsection 2.2. If $`\beta =1`$, then the element $`𝒗^{}(1)`$ associated to $`𝒗𝒜N(\alpha _{},\alpha _+)`$ is an element of $`𝒜_L`$. The following theorem is a direct corollary of Theorem 4.1.

###### Theorem 5.1

Let $`(𝐯,𝐮_2,𝐮_2)`$ be an element of $`Comp`$. We put $`d(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2):=d(𝐯)+\rho _0(𝐮_1+𝐮_2)+2+g(𝐮_1)+g(𝐮_2)`$. Then $`\pi _3(Z(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2))`$ is $`d(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$-dimensional. In the Chow group $`CH_{d(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)}(\pi _3(Z(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)))`$, we have the following equality:

$$\begin{array}{c}\pi _3\left([Z(𝒗,𝒖_1)][Z(𝒗+𝒖_1,𝒖_2)]\right)\hfill \\ \hfill =[\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0]+f(𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\left(\rho _0(𝒖_1)+|𝒖_1|_{}\right)^{ϵ_{\rho (𝒖_1)}}(1)^{\rho _0(𝒖_1)|𝒖_1|_{}}\mathrm{\Delta }_{X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}}.\end{array}$$
(26)
Here $`f(𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$ is defined to be $`1`$ $`(𝐮_1C,𝐮_1+𝐮_2=0)`$ or $`0`$ (otherwise).

### 5.2 The commutator of the compositions

Formally we can consider the parabolic Hilbert schemes for any $`𝒗𝒰`$: Since there exists no parabolic ideal with parabolic length $`𝒗𝒰𝒜`$, the variety $`X^{[𝒗]}`$ is defined to be the empty set for such $`𝒗`$. Let $`𝒗`$ be an element of $`𝒰`$ and $`𝒖`$ be an element of $`\stackrel{~}{C}`$. When one of $`𝒗`$ or $`𝒗+𝒖`$ is not contained in $`𝒜`$, the incidence variety $`Z(𝒗,𝒖)`$ is defined to be the empty set. Then we naturally obtain the varieties $`\pi _3(Z(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2))`$ and $`\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0`$ for any $`𝒗𝒰`$ and $`(𝒖_1,𝒖_2)\stackrel{~}{C}^2`$.

Let $`(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$ be any element of $`𝒰\times \stackrel{~}{C}^2`$. We have the two varieties $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$ and $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$. We denote the transposition of the second and third component by $`\tau _{\mathrm{2\hspace{0.17em}3}}`$:

$$\tau _{\mathrm{2\hspace{0.17em}3}}:X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]},(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4)(x_1,x_3,x_2,x_4).$$

Let $`\pi _3`$ denote the projection of $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1]}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$ and $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_2]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$ onto $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$ and $`X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_2}\times Y_{𝒖_1}\times X^{[𝒗+𝒖_1+𝒖_2]}`$ respectively. For each element $`𝒖\stackrel{~}{C}`$, the number $`sgn(𝒖)`$ is defined to be $`1`$ ($`𝒖C`$) or $`1`$ ($`𝒖C`$).

###### Theorem 5.2

Let $`𝐯`$ be an element of $`𝒜`$ and $`(𝐮_1,𝐮_2)`$ be an element of $`\stackrel{~}{C}^2`$. Then we have the following relation in the group $`CH_{d(𝐯,𝐮_1,𝐮_2)}(X^{[𝐯]}\times Y_{𝐮_1}\times Y_{𝐮_2}\times X^{[𝐯+𝐮_1+𝐮_2]})`$:

$$\begin{array}{c}\pi _3\left([Z(𝒗,𝒖_1)][Z(𝒗+𝒖_1,𝒖_2)]\right)\tau _{\mathrm{2\hspace{0.17em}3}}\pi _3\left([Z(𝒗,𝒖_2)][Z(𝒗+𝒖_2,𝒖_1)]\right)\hfill \\ \hfill =ϵ_{𝒖_1+𝒖_2}sgn(𝒖_1)(|\rho _0(𝒖_1)|+|𝒖_1|_{})^{ϵ_{\rho (𝒖_1)}}(1)^{\rho _0(𝒖_1)|𝒖_1|_{}}\mathrm{\Delta }_{X^{[𝒗]}\times Y_{𝒖_1}}.\end{array}$$
(27)
Proof It is easy to see that $`\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒗_2)_0`$ and $`\tau _{\mathrm{2\hspace{0.17em}3}}\left(\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_2,𝒖_1)_0\right)`$ are same for any $`(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)`$ by definition. Thus their closures are same. Hence the terms $`[\overline{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_1,𝒖_2)_0]`$ and the $`\tau _{\mathrm{2\hspace{0.17em}3}}\left([\stackrel{~}{Z}(𝒗,𝒖_2,𝒖_1)_0]\right)`$ are canceled.

Let $`𝒖`$ be an element of $`\stackrel{~}{C}`$ and $`a`$ be an element of $`H^{}(Y_𝒖)`$. Let consider the operator $`𝔮_𝒖(a)`$ defined in subsection 1.2.2. We obtain the following direct corollary.

###### Corollary 5.1

Let $`𝐮_1,𝐮_2`$ be elements of $`\stackrel{~}{C}`$. Let $`a_i`$ be an element of $`H^{}(Y_{𝐮_i})`$ for $`i=1,2`$. Then the following relation holds

$$[𝔮_{𝒖_1}(a_1),𝔮_{𝒖_2}(a_2)]=ϵ_{𝒖_1+𝒖_2}\mu (𝒖_1)\left(_{Y_{𝒖_1}}a_1a_2\right)id_{(X,D)}.$$

Here $`id_{(X,D)}`$ denotes the identity of $`(X,D)`$, and we put as follows:

$$\mu (𝒖_1)=sgn(𝒖_1)\left(|\rho _0(𝒖_1)|+|𝒖_1|_{}\right)^{ϵ_{\rho (𝒖_1)}}(1)^{\rho _0(𝒖_1)|𝒖_1|_{}}.$$

In particular, the number $`\mu (𝐮_1)`$ is not $`0`$.

Address
Department of Mathematics, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan. takuro@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp
School of Mathematics, Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, 08540, NJ, USA.
takuro@math.ias.edu