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# Riccati Solutions of Discrete Painlevé Equations with Weyl Group Symmetry of Type 𝐸₈⁽¹⁾

## 1 Introduction

One of the authors presented the list of all difference Painlevé equations from the view point of algebraic geometry. For a rational surface, we can obtain a birational representation of certain affine Weyl group as its symmetry. We regard a translation part of the symmetry as a difference system. Discrete Painlevé equations were classified on the basis of the types of rational surfaces, and some new equations were discovered by this classification ().

Let $`X`$ be a smooth projective surface. We denote by $`𝒦_X`$ the canonical divisor class on $`X`$, and by $`\left|𝒦_X\right|`$ the set of all positive divisors on $`X`$ such that is linearly equivalent to $`𝒦_X`$. We call an element of $`\left|𝒦_X\right|`$ an anti-canonical divisor. Generalized Halphen surfaces are smooth projective rational surfaces with an anti-canonical divisor of canonical type. If $`\left|𝒦_X\right|`$ has a unique divisor $`D`$, then $`X`$ is classified according to the type $`R`$ of $`D`$, where $`R`$ is in the Table 2. The list of $`R`$ can be obtained from the list of sublattice of $`Q(E_8^{(1)})`$ which are indecomposable and of affine type. We call a surface $`X`$ an $`R`$-surface.

In this paper, we consider the case that the root lattice $`Q(R)=\delta `$ ($`\delta `$: null root) especially. It is the case that $`D`$ itself is irreducible. Usually this lattice is not a root lattice, but we assign the symbol $`A_0^{(1)}`$ to the type of the lattice. The divisor $`D`$ has the three types; a smooth curve, a curve with a double point, a curve with a cusp. We assign the symbols $`A_0^{(1)}`$, $`A_0^{(1)}`$ and $`A_0^{(1)}`$ to each types respectively. This $`A_0^{(1)}`$ is the most generic case in this list. These three types of surfaces have Weyl group symmetry of type $`E_8^{(1)}`$.

The types of surfaces are divided into three classes naturally. We call them the elliptic type, the multiplicative type and the additive type respectively. This classification corresponds to the types of discrete equation: what we call elliptic-difference equation, $`q`$-difference equation and usual difference equation. See  in detail.

In this list, $`D_l^{(1)},E_l^{(1)}`$-surface can be constructed a space of initial conditions for Painlevé differential equations.

Each discrete Painlevé equations are usually named by the form of discrete equation and the differential equation obtained at the limit, for example $`q`$-$`P_{IV}`$, d-$`P_I`$. But, in the view of the list, we cannot name all equations in this way. A. Ramani et al. named these equations from the symmetry that the equation has (). But there is a case that different equations have same symmetry. And it is not trivial whether discrete system with a given symmetry exists or not. For example, $`A_3^{(1)}`$-surface has Weyl group symmetry of type $`D_5^{(1)}`$ but there is no surface with Weyl group symmetry of type $`D_6^{(1)}`$. So in this paper, we distinguish each discrete Painlevé equations by the rational surface on which the equation is defined, and call, for example, the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation ($`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$).

We know many results about special solutions with respect to Painlevé differential equations whose parameters satisfy particular conditions (, etc.). These solutions are divided into algebraic solutions and what we call Riccati solutions. Riccati solutions are expressed by solutions of linear equations of the second order. For example, the sixth Painlevé equation $`P_{VI}`$ has special solutions expressed in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric functions. The discrete Painlevé equations also possess Riccati solutions for particular values of the parameter. For example, the $`A_3^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation ($`q`$-$`P_{VI}`$) has solutions expressed by the $`q`$-hypergeometric functions.

In , A. Ramani, B. Grammaticos, T. Tamizhmani and K. M. Tamizhmani presented special solutions of the $`A_1^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation and its degenerations. But they did not mention about the discrete Painlevé equations corresponding to the surfaces of types $`A_0^{(1)}`$, $`A_0^{(1)}`$ and $`A_0^{(1)}`$.

In this paper, we obtain special solutions for these discrete Painlevé equations. We also discuss the degeneration scheme of these equations.

The paper is organized as follows:

In Sect. 2, we show a geometrical construction of the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation and a Riccati solution of this equation in Theorem 2.

In Sect. 3, we obtain the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation in geometric approach, and a special solution of this equation. And we show a degeneration scheme of these equations in Theorem 3, 5.

In Sect. 4, we obtain the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation in geometric approach, and a special solution of this equation in a similar way. And we show a degeneration scheme of these equations in Theorem 8.

In Sect. 5, we show as Theorem 9 a degeneration scheme between a special solution of the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation in Sect. 3 and a special solution of the $`A_1^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation.

## 2 Elliptic type

### 2.1 Discrete Painlevé equation

We present the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation ($`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$). This system is equivalent to $`\mathrm{ell}.P`$ derived in . In this paper, all $`2\times 2`$ matrices represent PGL(2)-action on $`^1`$, i.e., $`w=\left(\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right)z`$ means $`w=\frac{az+b}{cz+d}`$.

The $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation are the following difference system for unknown functions $`f(t),g(t)`$:

(2.1) $`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \overline{g}& =M(f,c_7,c_8,t{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{6}{}}}c_i)M(f,c_5,c_6,t{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{}}}c_i)\hfill \\ & M(f,c_3,c_4,t{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}(c_1+c_2))M(f,c_1,c_2,t)g,\hfill \end{array}`$
(2.2) $`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \underset{¯}{f}& =M(g,d_7,d_8,t{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{6}{}}}d_i)M(g,d_5,d_6,t{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{}}}d_i)\hfill \\ & M(g,d_3,d_4,t{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}(d_1+d_2))M(g,d_1,d_2,t)f,\hfill \end{array}`$
where $`\overline{g}=g(t+\lambda )`$, $`\underset{¯}{f}=f(t\lambda )`$ and

(2.3)
$$\begin{array}{ccc}\multicolumn{3}{c}{M(h,\kappa _1,\kappa _2,s)}\\ & =\left(\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{}(2s\frac{\kappa _1+\kappa _2}{2})& \mathrm{}(2s\frac{\kappa _1\kappa _2}{2})\\ 1& 1\end{array}\right)\hfill \\ & \left(\begin{array}{c}(h\mathrm{}(\kappa _2))(\mathrm{}(2s)\mathrm{}(2s\kappa _2))(\mathrm{}(2s\frac{\kappa _1+\kappa _2}{2})\mathrm{}(2s\frac{\kappa _1\kappa _2}{2}))0\\ 0(h\mathrm{}(\kappa _1))(\mathrm{}(2s)\mathrm{}(2s\kappa _1))(\mathrm{}(2s\frac{\kappa _1+\kappa _2}{2})\mathrm{}(2s\frac{\kappa _1+\kappa _2}{2}))\end{array}\right)\hfill \\ & \left(\begin{array}{cc}1& \mathrm{}(2s\kappa _1)\\ 1& \mathrm{}(2s\kappa _2)\end{array}\right).\hfill \end{array}$$

Here $`b_i(i=1,\mathrm{},8)`$ are constant parameters and set $`\lambda =\frac{1}{2}_{i=1}^8b_i,c_i=b_i+t,d_i=tb_i`$. Note that we will regard $`(f(t),g(t))`$ as inhomogeneous coordinates of $`^1\times ^1`$.

We derive this discrete equation as a translation of $`W(E_8^{(1)})`$ again.

We construct $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface by blowing up $`^1\times ^1`$ at eight points $`p_i(i=1,\mathrm{},8)`$. For generic eight points there is an elliptic curve which passes through these eight points. We parameterize these eight points and the curve as follows:

(2.4)
$$(f+g+\mathrm{}(2t))(4\mathrm{}(2t)fgg_3)=\left(fg+\mathrm{}(2t)(f+g)+\frac{g_2}{4}\right)^2,$$

(2.5)
$$p_i:(\mathrm{}(b_i+t),\mathrm{}(tb_i))(i=1,\mathrm{},8),$$

###### Remark 2.1.

We can parameterize an isomorphism class of surfaces by using the period mapping. The period mapping maps the elements of the second homology to $``$.

Let $`\omega `$ be a meromorphic 2-form on $`X`$ with $`\mathrm{div}(\omega )=D`$. Then $`\omega `$ determines the period mapping $`\widehat{\chi }:H_2(XD,)`$ which sends $`\mathrm{\Gamma }H_2(XD,)`$ to $`_\mathrm{\Gamma }\omega `$.

Now, there exists the short exact sequence:

$$0H_1(D,)H_2(XD,)Q(E_8^{(1)})0,$$

where $`Q(E_8^{(1)})={\displaystyle \underset{i=0}{\overset{8}{}}}\alpha _i`$ is the root lattice of type $`E_8^{(1)}`$. So we obtain the mapping

$$\chi :Q(E_8^{(1)})mod\widehat{\chi }(H_1(D,))$$

through the period mapping $`\widehat{\chi }`$. In the case, the parameterization is the following.

(2.6)
$$\begin{array}{c}\chi (\alpha _1)=4t,\chi (\alpha _2)=b_1+b_2+2t,\chi (\alpha _i)=b_ib_{i1}(i=3,\mathrm{},7),\\ \chi (\alpha _8)=b_2b_1,\chi (\alpha _0)=b_8b_7.\end{array}$$

Here $`Q(E_8^{(1)})`$ is realized in $`\mathrm{Pic}(X)=H_2(X,)`$. And $`\alpha _i`$’s are represented by the elements of the Picard group as follows:

(2.7)
$$\begin{array}{c}\alpha _1=H_1H_0,\alpha _2=H_0E_1E_2,\alpha _i=E_{i1}E_i(i=3,\mathrm{},7),\\ \alpha _8=E_1E_2,\alpha _0=E_7E_8.\end{array}$$

We denote the total transform of $`f=\text{constant}`$, (or $`g=\text{constant}`$) on $`X`$ by $`H_0`$ (or $`H_1`$ respectively) and the total transform of the point $`p_i`$ by $`E_i`$. The Picard group $`\mathrm{Pic}(X)`$ and the canonical divisor $`𝒦_X`$ are

$$\mathrm{Pic}(X)=H_0+H_1+\underset{i=1}{\overset{8}{}}E_i,𝒦_X=2H_02H_1+\underset{i=1}{\overset{8}{}}E_i,$$

where the intersection numbers of pairs of base elements are

$$H_iH_j=1\delta _{i,j},E_iE_j=\delta _{i,j},H_iE_j=0,\text{where}\delta _{i,j}=\{\begin{array}{cc}1\hfill & i=j,\hfill \\ 0\hfill & ij.\hfill \end{array}$$

Generators of affine Weyl group $`W(E_8^{(1)})=w_i(i=0,1,\mathrm{},8)`$ act on these coordinates and parameters. We give a representation of these actions in order to construct $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$.

$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill w_2& :(\begin{array}{cccc}b_1& b_2& b_3& b_4\\ b_5& b_6& b_7& b_8\end{array},t,g)\hfill \\ & (\begin{array}{cccc}b_13\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_23\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_3+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_4+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}\\ b_5+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_6+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_7+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_8+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}\end{array},t\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4},\stackrel{~}{g}),\hfill \end{array}`$
$`w_1`$ $`:(t,f,g)(t,g,f),w_i:(b_{i1},b_i)(b_i,b_{i1})(i=3,\mathrm{},7),`$
$`w_8`$ $`:(b_1,b_2)(b_2,b_1),w_0:(b_7,b_8)(b_8,b_7),`$
where $`\stackrel{~}{g}`$ is given by

$$\begin{array}{c}\frac{\stackrel{~}{g}\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{b_1b_2}{2}\right)}{\stackrel{~}{g}\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{b_1+b_2}{2}\right)}\hfill \\ \hfill =\frac{f\mathrm{}(b_2+t)}{f\mathrm{}(b_1+t)}\frac{\mathrm{}\left(t\frac{b_1+b_2}{2}\right)\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{b_1b_2}{2}\right)}{\mathrm{}\left(t\frac{b_1+b_2}{2}\right)\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{b_1+b_2}{2}\right)}\frac{\mathrm{}(2t)\mathrm{}(tb_2)}{\mathrm{}(2t)\mathrm{}(tb_1)}\frac{g\mathrm{}(tb_1)}{g\mathrm{}(tb_2)}.\end{array}$$

Notice that we can rewrite the action of $`w_2`$ into the following form:

$$w_2:(c_1,c_2,t,g)(c_2,c_1,t\frac{c_1+c_2}{4},M(f,c_1,c_2,t)g),$$

where we use the notation $`c_i=b_i+t`$ and $`M(f,c_1,c_2,t)`$ is defined by (2.3).

By taking a translation of $`W(E_8^{(1)})`$, we obtain a nonlinear difference equation. The translation can be described by a product of simple reflections $`w_i`$’s.

(2.8)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill dP(A_0^{(1)})& =w_1w_2w_3w_8w_4w_3w_2w_5w_4w_3w_8w_6w_5w_4w_3\hfill \\ & w_2w_7w_6w_5w_4w_3w_8w_0w_7w_6w_5w_4w_3w_2w_1\hfill \\ & w_2w_3w_4w_5w_6w_7w_0w_8w_3w_4w_5w_6w_7w_2w_3\hfill \\ & w_4w_5w_6w_8w_3w_4w_5w_2w_3w_4w_8w_3w_2:\hfill \end{array}$$

(2.9)
$$(b_i,t,f,g)(b_i,t+\lambda ,\overline{f},\overline{g})(i=1,\mathrm{},8),\lambda =\frac{1}{2}\underset{i=1}{\overset{8}{}}b_i,$$

where mappings of $`f,g`$ are defined by (2.1), (2.2).

###### Remark 2.2.

In , we obtain $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface by blowing up $`^2`$ with the centers at nine points.

(2.10)
$$y^2z=4x^3g_2x^2zg_3z^3,$$

$$p_i:(\mathrm{}(\theta _i):\mathrm{}^{}(\theta _i):1)(i=1,\mathrm{},9),$$

(2.11)
$$\chi (\alpha _i)=\theta _{i+1}\theta _i(i=1,\mathrm{},7),\chi (\alpha _8)=\theta _1+\theta _2+\theta _3,\chi (\alpha _0)=\theta _9\theta _8.$$

Both parameters and coordinates correspond as follows:

(2.12)
$$b_1=\frac{3}{4}(\theta _1+\theta _2),b_i=\theta _{i+1}+\frac{1}{4}(\theta _1+\theta _2)(i=2,\mathrm{},8),t=\frac{1}{4}(\theta _1\theta _2),$$

(2.13) $`f`$ $`={\displaystyle \frac{\left(4\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _1}{2})^33g_2\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _1}{2})4g_3\right)x2\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _1}{2})\mathrm{}^{}(\frac{\theta _1}{2})y\left(g_2\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _1}{2})^2+6g_3\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _1}{2})+\frac{g_2^2}{4}\right)z}{\left(12\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _1}{2})^2g_2\right)x2\mathrm{}^{}(\frac{\theta _1}{2})y+\left(4\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _1}{2})^3+g_2\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _1}{2})+2g_3\right)z}},`$
(2.14) $`g`$ $`={\displaystyle \frac{\left(4\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _2}{2})^33g_2\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _2}{2})4g_3\right)x2\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _2}{2})\mathrm{}^{}(\frac{\theta _2}{2})y\left(g_2\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _2}{2})^2+6g_3\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _2}{2})+\frac{g_2^2}{4}\right)z}{\left(12\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _2}{2})^2g_2\right)x2\mathrm{}^{}(\frac{\theta _2}{2})y+\left(4\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _2}{2})^3+g_2\mathrm{}(\frac{\theta _2}{2})+2g_3\right)z}}.`$
We note that the next formula holds for any $`\theta ,\phi `$.

(2.15)
$$\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{}\left(\theta +\phi \right)\hfill \\ \hfill =\frac{\left(4\mathrm{}(\phi )^33g_2\mathrm{}(\phi )4g_3\right)\mathrm{}(\theta )2\mathrm{}(\phi )\mathrm{}^{}(\phi )\mathrm{}^{}(\theta )\left(g_2\mathrm{}(\phi )^2+6g_3\mathrm{}(\phi )+\frac{g_2^2}{4}\right)}{\left(12\mathrm{}(\phi )^2g_2\right)\mathrm{}(\theta )2\mathrm{}^{}(\phi )\mathrm{}^{}(\theta )+\left(4\mathrm{}(\phi )^3+g_2\mathrm{}(\phi )+2g_3\right)}.\end{array}$$

This formula is a kind of additive formula of $`\mathrm{}`$-function. ∎

Note that points on the elliptic curve (2.4) move to points on this elliptic curve.

###### Proposition 1.

$`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ has the following trivial solution:

(2.16)
$$f=\mathrm{}(q+2t^2/\lambda +t),g=\mathrm{}(q2t^2/\lambda +t),$$

where $`q`$ is a constant determined by initial condition.

###### Proof.

We suppose that the solution’s form is $`f=\mathrm{}(p+t),g=\mathrm{}(tp)`$, where $`p=p(t)`$. We input them into (2.1), (2.2). We note that the following identity holds for arbitrary $`c`$,

(2.17)
$$\begin{array}{c}\frac{\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}c\right)\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}+c_2\right)}{\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}c\right)\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}+c_1\right)}\frac{\mathrm{}(c)\mathrm{}(c_1)}{\mathrm{}(c)\mathrm{}(c_2)}\frac{\mathrm{}(2tc)\mathrm{}(2tc_2)}{\mathrm{}(2tc)\mathrm{}(2tc_1)}\hfill \\ \hfill =\frac{\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}\right)\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}+c_2\right)}{\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}\right)\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}+c_1\right)}\frac{\mathrm{}(2t)\mathrm{}(2tc_2)}{\mathrm{}(2t)\mathrm{}(2tc_1)},\end{array}$$

because both sides equal to

$$\frac{\sigma (2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}+c_1)^2\sigma (c_2)^2\sigma (2tc_1)^2}{\sigma (2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}+c_2)^2\sigma (c_1)^2\sigma (2tc_2)^2}.$$

Since (2.17) is equivalent to

(2.18)
$$\mathrm{}\left(2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2}c\right)=M(\mathrm{}(c),c_1,c_2,t)\mathrm{}(2tc),$$

we obtain

(2.19) $`\mathrm{}(t+\lambda \overline{p})`$ $`=\mathrm{}(3t\lambda p),`$
(2.20) $`\mathrm{}(t\lambda +\underset{¯}{p})`$ $`=\mathrm{}(3t+\lambda +p).`$
The compatibility condition of them leads one difference equation,

(2.21)
$$\overline{p}=p+4t+2\lambda .$$

So that,

(2.22)
$$p=q+2t^2/\lambda .$$

where $`q`$ is a constant determined by initial condition. ∎

### 2.2 Linear equation

We derive the following theorem in this section.

###### Theorem 2.

A solution of the following system of equations is written by a solution of linear equation;

(2.27) $`\left|\begin{array}{cccc}fg& g& f& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_1+t)\mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(b_1+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_3+t)\mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(b_3+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_5+t)\mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(b_5+t)& 1\end{array}\right|`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$
(2.32) $`\left|\begin{array}{cccc}f\overline{g}& \overline{g}& f& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_8+t)\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_8)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_8)& \mathrm{}(b_8+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_6+t)\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_6)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_6)& \mathrm{}(b_6+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_4+t)\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_4)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_4)& \mathrm{}(b_4+t)& 1\end{array}\right|`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$
where $`\overline{t}=t+\lambda `$. When $`b_1+b_3+b_5+b_7=0`$, a solution of this system is a special solution of $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ (2.1), (2.2). ∎

Transforming these equations,

(2.33)
$$\overline{g}=\frac{\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{}(b_8+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_8)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_8)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_6+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_6)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_6)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_4+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_4)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_4)& 1\end{array}\right|f+\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{}(b_8+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_8)& \mathrm{}(b_8+\overline{t})& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_8)\\ \mathrm{}(b_6+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_6)& \mathrm{}(b_6+\overline{t})& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_6)\\ \mathrm{}(b_4+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_4)& \mathrm{}(b_4+\overline{t})& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_4)\end{array}\right|}{\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{}(b_8+\overline{t})& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_8)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_6+\overline{t})& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_6)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_4+\overline{t})& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_4)& 1\end{array}\right|f+\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{}(b_8+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_8)& \mathrm{}(b_8+\overline{t})& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_6+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_6)& \mathrm{}(b_6+\overline{t})& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_4+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_4)& \mathrm{}(b_4+\overline{t})& 1\end{array}\right|},$$

(2.34)
$$f=\frac{\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{}(b_1+t)\mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(b_1+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_3+t)\mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(b_3+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_5+t)\mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(b_5+t)& 1\end{array}\right|g+\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{}(b_1+t)\mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(b_1+t)\\ \mathrm{}(b_3+t)\mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(b_3+t)\\ \mathrm{}(b_5+t)\mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(b_5+t)\end{array}\right|}{\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(b_1+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(b_3+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(b_5+t)& 1\end{array}\right|g+\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{}(b_1+t)\mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(tb_1)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_3+t)\mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(tb_3)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_5+t)\mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(tb_5)& 1\end{array}\right|}.$$

Eliminating $`f`$, we can obtain a difference equation of the first order with respect to the variable $`g`$. When $`g`$ is expressed by homogeneous coordinate ($`g=\frac{g_1}{g_2}`$), $`\overline{g}=\frac{Ag+B}{Cg+D}`$ leads to $`\frac{\overline{g_1}}{\overline{g_2}}=\frac{Ag_1+Bg_2}{Cg_1+Dg_2}`$. The solution $`g`$ is represented by solution of linear equation:

$$\left(\begin{array}{c}\overline{g_1}\\ \overline{g_2}\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{cc}A& B\\ C& D\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}g_1\\ g_2\end{array}\right).$$

Now we demonstrate Theorem 2. On the condition $`b_1+b_3+b_5+b_7=0`$, we consider the curve $`I=0`$, where

(2.35)
$$I=\left|\begin{array}{cccc}fg& g& f& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_1+t)\mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(b_1+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_3+t)\mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(b_3+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_5+t)\mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(b_5+t)& 1\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{cccc}fg& g& f& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_1)\mathrm{}(2tc_1)& \mathrm{}(2tc_1)& \mathrm{}(c_1)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_3)\mathrm{}(2tc_3)& \mathrm{}(2tc_3)& \mathrm{}(c_3)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_5)\mathrm{}(2tc_5)& \mathrm{}(2tc_5)& \mathrm{}(c_5)& 1\end{array}\right|.$$

###### Remark 2.3.

On this condition, $`p_i(i=1,3,5,7)`$ lie on $`I=0`$, because the following formula holds,

(2.36)
$$\left|\begin{array}{cccc}\mathrm{}(b_1+t)\mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(tb_1)& \mathrm{}(b_1+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_3+t)\mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(tb_3)& \mathrm{}(b_3+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_5+t)\mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(tb_5)& \mathrm{}(b_5+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_7+t)\mathrm{}(tb_7)& \mathrm{}(tb_7)& \mathrm{}(b_7+t)& 1\end{array}\right|=0.$$

The curve $`I=0`$ has the divisor class $`C=H_0+H_1E_1E_3E_5E_7`$, and the self-intersection number of $`C`$ is $`2`$. In this case, we can restrict affine Weyl group action on the curve $`I=0`$, which is isomorphic to $`^1`$, and the translation is automorphism on $`^1`$ namely homographic transformation. ∎

Calculating $`w_2`$ acting $`I`$, we set $`\stackrel{~}{I}`$ as follows:

(2.37)
$$\stackrel{~}{I}=\left|\begin{array}{cccc}f\stackrel{~}{g}& \stackrel{~}{g}& f& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_2)\mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t}+c_2)& \mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t}+c_2)& \mathrm{}(c_2)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_3)\mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t}c_3)& \mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t}c_3)& \mathrm{}(c_3)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_5)\mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t}c_5)& \mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t}c_5)& \mathrm{}(c_5)& 1\end{array}\right|,$$

where $`\stackrel{~}{t}=t\frac{c_1+c_2}{4}`$. Then

(2.38)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \stackrel{~}{I}& =I\left(\frac{\mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t})\mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t}+c_2)}{\mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t})\mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t}+c_1)}\frac{\mathrm{}(2t)\mathrm{}(2tc_2)}{\mathrm{}(2t)\mathrm{}(2tc_1)}\right)^2(f\mathrm{}(c_2))(\mathrm{}(c_2)\mathrm{}(c_3))(\mathrm{}(c_2)\mathrm{}(c_5))\hfill \\ & (\mathrm{}(2tc_1)\mathrm{}(2tc_2))(\mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t}+c_2)\mathrm{}(2\stackrel{~}{t}+c_1))^2\hfill \\ & \left(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}f& g& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_1)& \mathrm{}(2tc_1)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_2)& \mathrm{}(2tc_2)& 1\end{array}\right|\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{}(c_1)& \mathrm{}(2tc_1)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_2)& \mathrm{}(2tc_2)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_3)& \mathrm{}(2tc_3)& 1\end{array}\right|\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{}(c_1)& \mathrm{}(2tc_1)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_2)& \mathrm{}(2tc_2)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(c_5)& \mathrm{}(2tc_5)& 1\end{array}\right|\right)^1.\hfill \end{array}$$

Therefore $`I=0\stackrel{~}{I}=0`$. Similarly we consider the curve $`=0`$,

(2.39)
$$=\left|\begin{array}{cccc}f\overline{g}& \overline{g}& f& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_8+t)\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_8)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_8)& \mathrm{}(b_8+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_6+t)\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_6)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_6)& \mathrm{}(b_6+t)& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_4+t)\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_4)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_4)& \mathrm{}(b_4+t)& 1\end{array}\right|.$$

Then $`I=0=0`$ holds, and we consider the curve $`\overline{I}=0`$,

(2.40)
$$\overline{I}=\left|\begin{array}{cccc}\overline{f}\overline{g}& \overline{g}& \overline{f}& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_1+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_1)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_1)& \mathrm{}(b_1+\overline{t})& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_3+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_3)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_3)& \mathrm{}(b_3+\overline{t})& 1\\ \mathrm{}(b_5+\overline{t})\mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_5)& \mathrm{}(\overline{t}b_5)& \mathrm{}(b_5+\overline{t})& 1\end{array}\right|.$$

Then $`I=0\overline{I}=0`$. This means that $`f,g`$ which satisfy $`I=0`$ are a special solution on the condition $`b_1+b_3+b_5+b_7=0`$.

## 3 Multiplicative type

We can obtain $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface from $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface by degeneration. By the same process the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation and the linear equation also can be obtained.

### 3.1 Discrete Painlevé equation

We discuss about the following theorem in this section. The equations obtained by the degeneration in the theorem coincide with the equations in .

Put $`g_2=\frac{4}{3}(1+3\epsilon ^2),g_3=\frac{8}{27}(19\epsilon ^2)`$ in the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation (2.1), (2.2) and let $`\epsilon `$ tend to $`0`$. Then we obtain the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation. Moreover the change of the variables and parameters $`e^{2t}=t_1,e^{2\lambda }=\lambda _1,f=\frac{1}{3}\frac{f_1+10}{f_12},g=\frac{1}{3}\frac{g_1+10}{g_12},e^{2b_i}=\beta _i`$ yields the expression in the following theorem. In the expression we replace again $`t_1`$ by $`t`$ and $`\lambda _1`$, $`f_1`$, $`g_1`$, $`\beta _i`$ by $`\lambda `$, $`f`$, $`g`$, $`b_i`$, respectively. For the sake of simplification of notation, the replacement process will be written as follows:

$$e^{2t}t,e^{2\lambda }\lambda ,f\frac{1}{3}\frac{f+10}{f2},g\frac{1}{3}\frac{g+10}{g2},e^{2b_i}b_i.$$

These are summarized as follows:

###### Theorem 3.

Make the substitution: $`g_2=\frac{4}{3}(1+3\epsilon ^2),g_3=\frac{8}{27}(19\epsilon ^2)`$ in $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ (2.1), (2.2). Take the limit $`\epsilon 0`$. Moreover by the change of variables and parameters: $`e^{2t}t,e^{2\lambda }\lambda ,f\frac{1}{3}\frac{f+10}{f2},g\frac{1}{3}\frac{g+10}{g2},e^{2b_i}b_i`$, we obtain $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$:

(3.1)
$$\begin{array}{ccc}\multicolumn{3}{c}{\frac{(\overline{g}t^2\lambda f)(gt^2f)(t^4\lambda ^21)(t^41)}{(\overline{g}/(t^2\lambda )f)(g/t^2f)(11/(t^4\lambda ^2))(11/t^4)}}\\ & =\lambda ^2(f^4m_1tf^3+(m_2t^23m_8t^8)f^2+(m_7t^7m_3t^3+2m_1t)f\hfill \\ & +m_8t^8m_6t^6+m_4t^4m_2t^2+1)\hfill \\ & (m_8f^4m_7f^3/t+(m_6/t^23m_81/t^8)f^2+(m_1/t^7m_5/t^3+2m_7/t)f\hfill \\ & +1/t^8m_2/t^6+m_4/t^4m_6/t^2+m_8)^1,\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.2)
$$\begin{array}{ccc}\multicolumn{3}{c}{\frac{(\underset{¯}{f}t^2/\lambda g)(ft^2g)(t^4/\lambda ^21)(t^41)}{(\underset{¯}{f}\lambda /t^2g)(f/t^2g)(1\lambda ^2/t^4)(11/t^4)}}\\ & =\frac{1}{\lambda ^2}(m_8g^4m_7tg^3+(m_6t^23m_8t^8)g^2+(m_1t^7m_5t^3+2m_7t)g\hfill \\ & +t^8m_2t^6+m_4t^4m_6t^2+m_8)\hfill \\ & (g^4m_1g^3/t+(m_2/t^23m_8/t^8)g^2+(m_7/t^7m_3/t^3+2m_1/t)g\hfill \\ & +m_8/t^8m_6/t^6+m_4/t^4m_2/t^2+1)^1,\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\overline{g}=g(t\lambda ),\underset{¯}{f}=f(t/\lambda ),\lambda =\sqrt{_{i=1}^8b_i}`$, $`m_i`$ is the $`i`$-th elementary symmetric function of $`b_j(j=1,\mathrm{},8)`$. ∎

The above theorem shows that we can obtain $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ from $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$. But, for readers’ convenience, we describe geometrical construction of this discrete equation similar to the previous section.

We construct $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface by blowing up $`^1\times ^1`$ at eight points. These eight points and a curve which these points lie on are as follows:

(3.3)
$$f^2+g^2\left(t^2+\frac{1}{t^2}\right)fg+\left(t^2\frac{1}{t^2}\right)^2=0,$$

(3.4)
$$p_i:(b_it+\frac{1}{b_it},\frac{t}{b_i}+\frac{b_i}{t})(i=1,\mathrm{},8),$$

(3.7)
$$\begin{array}{c}e^{2\chi (\alpha _1)}=t^4,e^{2\chi (\alpha _2)}=b_1b_2t^2,e^{2\chi (\alpha _i)}=b_i/b_{i1}(i=3,\mathrm{},7),\\ e^{2\chi (\alpha _8)}=b_2/b_1,e^{2\chi (\alpha _0)}=b_8/b_7.\end{array}$$

Generators of affine Weyl group $`W(E_8^{(1)})=w_i(i=0,1,\mathrm{},8)`$ act on these coordinates and parameters. We give a representation of these actions in order to construct $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$.

$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill w_2& :(\begin{array}{cccc}b_1& b_2& b_3& b_4\\ b_5& b_6& b_7& b_8\end{array},t,g)\hfill \\ & (\begin{array}{cccc}b_1/(\sqrt[4]{b_1b_2t^2})^3& b_2/(\sqrt[4]{b_1b_2t^2})^3& b_3\sqrt[4]{b_1b_2t^2}& b_4\sqrt[4]{b_1b_2t^2}\\ b_5\sqrt[4]{b_1b_2t^2}& b_6\sqrt[4]{b_1b_2t^2}& b_7\sqrt[4]{b_1b_2t^2}& b_8\sqrt[4]{b_1b_2t^2}\end{array},t/\sqrt[4]{b_1b_2t^2},\stackrel{~}{g}),\hfill \end{array}`$
$`w_1`$ $`:(t,f,g)(1/t,g,f),w_i:(b_{i1},b_i)(b_i,b_{i1})(i=3,\mathrm{},7),`$
$`w_8`$ $`:(b_1,b_2)(b_2,b_1),w_0:(b_7,b_8)(b_8,b_7),`$
where $`\stackrel{~}{g}`$ is given by

$$\frac{\stackrel{~}{g}\left(\sqrt{\frac{b_2}{b_1}}t^2+\sqrt{\frac{b_1}{b_2}}\frac{1}{t^2}\right)}{\stackrel{~}{g}\left(\sqrt{\frac{b_1}{b_2}}t^2+\sqrt{\frac{b_2}{b_1}}\frac{1}{t^2}\right)}=\frac{f\left(b_2t+\frac{1}{b_2t}\right)}{f\left(b_1t+\frac{1}{b_1t}\right)}\frac{g\left(\frac{t}{b_1}+\frac{b_1}{t}\right)}{g\left(\frac{t}{b_2}+\frac{b_2}{t}\right)}.$$

Notice that we can rewrite the action of $`w_2`$ for $`c_i=b_it`$ into the following form:

$$w_2:(c_1,c_2,t,g)(1/c_2,1/c_1,t/\sqrt[4]{c_1c_2},\stackrel{~}{g}).$$

Here we put $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}`$ as

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }=\frac{gt^2f}{t^41},\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}=\frac{\stackrel{~}{g}\frac{t^2}{\sqrt{c_1c_2}}f}{\frac{t^4}{c_1c_2}1},$$

then the relation between $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}`$ can be simply represented as

(3.8)
$$\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}=\frac{(c_1c_2fc_1c_2)\mathrm{\Gamma }(c_1c_21)}{(c_1c_21)\mathrm{\Gamma }+(fc_1c_2)}.$$

So this transformation can be represented by PGL(2)-action:

(3.9)
$$\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}c_1c_2fc_1c_2& (c_1c_21)\\ c_1c_21& fc_1c_2\end{array}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }.$$

By taking a translation of $`W(E_8^{(1)})`$, we obtain a nonlinear difference equation. The translation can be described by a product of simple reflections $`w_i`$’s. This representation is same as the case of $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$, that is (2.8).

Now we calculate $`\overline{g}`$ from $`g`$ and $`f`$. Putting $`\mathrm{\Gamma },\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}`$,

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }=\frac{gt^2f}{t^41},\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}=\frac{\overline{g}\frac{t^2}{\sqrt{_{i=1}^8c_i}}f}{\frac{t^4}{_{i=1}^8c_i}1}=\frac{\overline{g}\frac{1}{t^2\lambda }f}{\frac{1}{t^4\lambda ^2}1},$$

$`\overline{g}`$ can be described as follows:

(3.10) $`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}& =\left(\begin{array}{cc}c_7c_8fc_7c_8& (c_7c_81)\\ c_7c_81& fc_7c_8\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}c_5c_6fc_5c_6& (c_5c_61)\\ c_5c_61& fc_5c_6\end{array}\right)\hfill \\ & \left(\begin{array}{cc}c_3c_4fc_3c_4& (c_3c_41)\\ c_3c_41& fc_3c_4\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}c_1c_2fc_1c_2& (c_1c_21)\\ c_1c_21& fc_1c_2\end{array}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\hfill \\ & =\left(\begin{array}{cc}t^8D& (t^8DN)/f\\ (t^8DN)/f& N\end{array}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }.\hfill \end{array}`$
Here $`N`$ and $`D`$ are as follows:

(3.11) $`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill N& =f^4m_1tf^3+(m_2t^23m_8t^8)f^2+(m_7t^7m_3t^3+2m_1t)f\hfill \\ & +m_8t^8m_6t^6+m_4t^4m_2t^2+1,\hfill \end{array}`$
(3.12) $`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill D& =m_8f^4m_7f^3/t+(m_6/t^23m_81/t^8)f^2+(m_1/t^7m_5/t^3+2m_7/t)f\hfill \\ & +1/t^8m_2/t^6+m_4/t^4m_6/t^2+m_8,\hfill \end{array}`$
where $`m_i`$ is the $`i`$-th elementary symmetric function of $`b_j`$’s. This equation can be modified

$$t^8\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}f)+1}{\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}(\mathrm{\Gamma }f)+1}=\frac{N}{D}.$$

This equation is (3.1).

Similarly putting $`\mathrm{\Phi },\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Phi }}`$,

$$\mathrm{\Phi }=\frac{f\frac{1}{t^2}g}{\frac{1}{t^4}1},\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Phi }}=\frac{\underset{¯}{f}\frac{1}{t^2\sqrt{_{i=1}^8d_i}}g}{\frac{1}{t^4_{i=1}^8d_i}1}=\frac{\underset{¯}{f}\frac{t^2}{\lambda }g}{\frac{t^4}{\lambda ^2}1},$$

$`\underset{¯}{f}`$ can be described as follows:

(3.13) $`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Phi }}& =\left(\begin{array}{cc}d_7d_8gd_7d_8& (d_7d_81)\\ d_7d_81& gd_7d_8\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}d_5d_6gd_5d_6& (d_5d_61)\\ d_5d_61& gd_5d_6\end{array}\right)\hfill \\ & \left(\begin{array}{cc}d_3d_4gd_3d_4& (d_3d_41)\\ d_3d_41& gd_3d_4\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}d_1d_2gd_1d_2& (d_1d_21)\\ d_1d_21& gd_1d_2\end{array}\right)\mathrm{\Phi }\hfill \\ & =\left(\begin{array}{cc}/t^8& (/t^8\mathrm{\Delta })/g\\ (/t^8\mathrm{\Delta })/g& \mathrm{\Delta }\end{array}\right)\mathrm{\Phi }.\hfill \end{array}`$
Here $``$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ are as follows:

(3.14) $`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill & =m_8g^4m_7tg^3+(m_6t^23m_8t^8)g^2+(m_1t^7m_5t^3+2m_7t)g\hfill \\ & +t^8m_2t^6+m_4t^4m_6t^2+m_8,\hfill \end{array}`$
(3.15) $`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \mathrm{\Delta }& =g^4m_1g^3/t+(m_2/t^23m_8/t^8)g^2+(m_7/t^7m_3/t^3+2m_1/t)g\hfill \\ & +m_8/t^8m_6/t^6+m_4/t^4m_2/t^2+1.\hfill \end{array}`$
This equation can be modified

$$t^8\frac{\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Phi }}(\mathrm{\Phi }g)+1}{\mathrm{\Phi }(\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Phi }}g)+1}=\frac{}{\mathrm{\Delta }}.$$

This is (3.2).

###### Remark 3.1.

In , we obtain $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface by blowing up $`^2`$ with the centers at nine points.

(3.16)
$$y^2z=4x^2(x+z),$$

$$p_i:(\frac{1}{\mathrm{sinh}^2\theta _i}:\frac{2\mathrm{cosh}\theta _i}{\mathrm{sinh}^3\theta _i}:1)(i=1,\mathrm{},9),$$

(3.17)
$$\chi (\alpha _i)=\theta _{i+1}\theta _i(i=1,\mathrm{},7),\chi (\alpha _8)=\theta _1+\theta _2+\theta _3,\chi (\alpha _0)=\theta _9\theta _8.$$

Both parameters and coordinates correspond as follows:

(3.20)
$$\begin{array}{c}b_1=\mathrm{exp}\left(\frac{3}{2}(\theta _1+\theta _2)\right),b_i=\mathrm{exp}\left(2\theta _{i+1}+\frac{1}{2}(\theta _1+\theta _2)\right)(i=2,\mathrm{},8),\\ t=\mathrm{exp}\left(\frac{1}{2}(\theta _1\theta _2)\right),\end{array}$$

(3.21)
$$f=\frac{2(16e^{2\theta _1}+e^{4\theta _1})x(1e^{4\theta _1})y+16e^{2\theta _1}z}{e^{\theta _1}\left(2(1+e^{2\theta _1})x(1e^{2\theta _1})y\right)},$$

(3.22)
$$g=\frac{2(16e^{2\theta _2}+e^{4\theta _2})x(1e^{4\theta _2})y+16e^{2\theta _2}z}{e^{\theta _2}\left(2(1+e^{2\theta _2})x(1e^{2\theta _2})y\right)}.$$

Similar to the case of $`A_0^{(1)}`$, $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ has a trivial solution.

###### Proposition 4.

$`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ has the following trivial solution:

(3.23)
$$f=tq\mathrm{exp}\left(\frac{2(\mathrm{log}t)^2}{\mathrm{log}\lambda }\right)+\frac{1}{tq\mathrm{exp}\left(\frac{2(\mathrm{log}t)^2}{\mathrm{log}\lambda }\right)},g=\frac{t}{q\mathrm{exp}\left(\frac{2(\mathrm{log}t)^2}{\mathrm{log}\lambda }\right)}+\frac{q\mathrm{exp}\left(\frac{2(\mathrm{log}t)^2}{\mathrm{log}\lambda }\right)}{t},$$

where $`q`$ is determined by initial condition.

### 3.2 Linear equation

We present a special solution of $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ in this section.

###### Theorem 5.

By the limiting process: $`g_2=\frac{4}{3}(1+3\epsilon ^2),g_3=\frac{8}{27}(19\epsilon ^2)(\epsilon 0)`$ in (2.27), (2.32), and the change of variables and parameters: $`e^{2t}t,e^{2\lambda }\lambda ,f\frac{1}{3}\frac{f+10}{f2},g\frac{1}{3}\frac{g+10}{g2},e^{2b_i}b_i`$, we obtain the system of equations:

(3.28) $`\left|\begin{array}{cccc}fg& g& f& 1\\ \left(b_1t+\frac{1}{b_1t}\right)\left(\frac{t}{b_1}+\frac{b_1}{t}\right)& \frac{t}{b_1}+\frac{b_1}{t}& b_1t+\frac{1}{b_1t}& 1\\ \left(b_3t+\frac{1}{b_3t}\right)\left(\frac{t}{b_3}+\frac{b_3}{t}\right)& \frac{t}{b_3}+\frac{b_3}{t}& b_3t+\frac{1}{b_3t}& 1\\ \left(b_5t+\frac{1}{b_5t}\right)\left(\frac{t}{b_5}+\frac{b_5}{t}\right)& \frac{t}{b_5}+\frac{b_5}{t}& b_5t+\frac{1}{b_5t}& 1\end{array}\right|`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$
(3.33) $`\left|\begin{array}{cccc}f\overline{g}& \overline{g}& f& 1\\ \left(b_8t+\frac{1}{b_8t}\right)\left(\frac{\overline{t}}{b_8}+\frac{b_8}{\overline{t}}\right)& \frac{\overline{t}}{b_8}+\frac{b_8}{\overline{t}}& b_8t+\frac{1}{b_8t}& 1\\ \left(b_6t+\frac{1}{b_6t}\right)\left(\frac{\overline{t}}{b_6}+\frac{b_6}{\overline{t}}\right)& \frac{\overline{t}}{b_6}+\frac{b_6}{\overline{t}}& b_6t+\frac{1}{b_6t}& 1\\ \left(b_4t+\frac{1}{b_4t}\right)\left(\frac{\overline{t}}{b_4}+\frac{b_4}{\overline{t}}\right)& \frac{\overline{t}}{b_4}+\frac{b_4}{\overline{t}}& b_4t+\frac{1}{b_4t}& 1\end{array}\right|`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$
where $`\overline{t}=t\lambda `$.

A solution of this system is a special solution of $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ with $`b_1b_3b_5b_7=1`$. ∎

We can easily check that the equations (3.28), (3.33) define a special solution of $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ similar to the case of $`A_0^{(1)}`$.

Transforming these equations,

(3.34)
$$\begin{array}{c}\overline{g}=(f((b_2+b_4+b_6+b_8)t(\frac{1}{b_2}+\frac{1}{b_4}+\frac{1}{b_6}+\frac{1}{b_8})\frac{1}{t})\hfill \\ \hfill (b_2b_4+b_2b_6+b_2b_8+b_4b_6+b_4b_8+b_6b_8)(t^2\frac{1}{\overline{t}^2})+(t^2\overline{t}^2\frac{1}{t^2\overline{t}^2}))\\ \hfill /\left(f\left(t\overline{t}\frac{1}{t\overline{t}}\right)\left(\left(\frac{1}{b_2}+\frac{1}{b_4}+\frac{1}{b_6}+\frac{1}{b_8}\right)\overline{t}\left(b_2+b_4+b_6+b_8\right)\frac{1}{\overline{t}}\right)\right),\end{array}$$

(3.35)
$$\begin{array}{c}f=(g((\frac{1}{b_1}+\frac{1}{b_3}+\frac{1}{b_5}+\frac{1}{b_7})t(b_1+b_3+b_5+b_7)\frac{1}{t})\hfill \\ \hfill (b_1b_3+b_1b_5+b_1b_7+b_3b_5+b_3b_7+b_5b_7)(t^2\frac{1}{t^2})+(t^4\frac{1}{t^4}))\\ \hfill /\left(g\left(t^2\frac{1}{t^2}\right)\left(\left(b_1+b_3+b_5+b_7\right)t\left(\frac{1}{b_1}+\frac{1}{b_3}+\frac{1}{b_5}+\frac{1}{b_7}\right)\frac{1}{t}\right)\right)\end{array}$$

Eliminating $`f`$, we obtain a difference equation of the first order with respect to the variable $`g`$.

## 4 Additive type

We can obtain $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface from $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface by a degeneration process. By the same process the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation and linear equation also can be obtained.

### 4.1 Discrete Painlevé equation

We discuss about the following theorem in this section.

###### Theorem 6 (ORG).

By the limiting process: $`te^{\epsilon t}`$, $`\lambda 1+\epsilon \lambda `$, $`f2+\epsilon ^2f`$, $`g2+\epsilon ^2g`$, $`b_ie^{\epsilon b_i}`$, $`(\epsilon 0)`$ , we obtain the $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ from $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ (3.1), (3.2):

(4.1)
$$\frac{(f\overline{g}+(2t+\lambda )^2)(fg+4t^2)+4f(2t+\lambda )2t}{2t(f\overline{g}+(2t+\lambda )^2)+(2t+\lambda )(fg+4t^2)}=2\frac{f^4+S_2f^3+S_4f^2+S_6f+S_8}{S_1f^3+S_3f^2+S_5f+S_7},$$

(4.2)
$$\frac{(g\underset{¯}{f}+(2t\lambda )^2)(gf+4t^2)+4g(2t\lambda )2t}{2t(g\underset{¯}{f}+(2t\lambda )^2)+(2t\lambda )(gf+4t^2)}=2\frac{g^4+\mathrm{\Sigma }_2g^3+\mathrm{\Sigma }_4g^2+\mathrm{\Sigma }_6g+\mathrm{\Sigma }_8}{\mathrm{\Sigma }_1g^3+\mathrm{\Sigma }_3g^2+\mathrm{\Sigma }_5g+\mathrm{\Sigma }_7},$$

where $`\overline{g}=g(t+\lambda ),\underset{¯}{f}=f(t\lambda ),\lambda =\frac{1}{2}_{i=1}^8b_i`$, $`S_i`$ is the $`i`$-th elementary symmetric function of the quantities $`c_j=b_j+t(j=1,\mathrm{},8)`$, $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ is the $`i`$-th elementary symmetric function of the quantities $`d_j=tb_j`$. ∎

The above theorem shows that we can obtain $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ from $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$. But we describe geometrical construction of this discrete equation similar to the previous section.

We construct $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface by blowing up $`^1\times ^1`$ at eight points. These eight points and a curve which these points lie on are as follows:

(4.3)
$$(fg)^28t^2(f+g)+16t^4=0,$$

(4.4)
$$p_i:((b_i+t)^2,(tb_i)^2)(i=1,\mathrm{},8),$$

(4.7)
$$\begin{array}{c}\chi (\alpha _1)=2t,\chi (\alpha _2)=\frac{1}{2}(b_1+b_2)+t,\chi (\alpha _i)=\frac{1}{2}(b_ib_{i1})(i=3,\mathrm{},7)\\ \chi (\alpha _8)=\frac{1}{2}(b_2b_1),\chi (\alpha _0)=\frac{1}{2}(b_8b_7).\end{array}$$

Generators of affine Weyl group $`W(E_8^{(1)})=w_i(i=0,1,\mathrm{},8)`$ act on these coordinates and parameters. We give a representation of these actions in order to construct $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$.

$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill w_2& :(\begin{array}{cccc}b_1& b_2& b_3& b_4\\ b_5& b_6& b_7& b_8\end{array},t,g)\hfill \\ & (\begin{array}{cccc}b_13\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_23\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_3+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_4+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}\\ b_5+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_6+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_7+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}& b_8+\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4}\end{array},t\frac{2t+b_1+b_2}{4},\stackrel{~}{g}),\hfill \end{array}`$
$`w_1`$ $`:(t,f,g)(t,g,f),w_i:(b_{i1},b_i)(b_i,b_{i1})(i=3,\mathrm{},7),`$
$`w_8`$ $`:(b_1,b_2)(b_2,b_1),w_0:(b_7,b_8)(b_8,b_7),`$
where $`\stackrel{~}{g}`$ is given by

$$\frac{\stackrel{~}{g}\left(2t\frac{b_1b_2}{2}\right)^2}{\stackrel{~}{g}\left(2t\frac{b_1+b_2}{2}\right)^2}=\frac{f\left(b_2+t\right)^2}{f\left(b_1+t\right)^2}\frac{g\left(tb_1\right)^2}{g\left(tb_2\right)^2}.$$

Notice that we can rewrite the action of $`w_2`$ for $`c_i=b_i+t`$ into the following form:

$$w_2:(c_1,c_2,t,g)(c_2,c_1,t\frac{c_1+c_2}{4},\stackrel{~}{g}).$$

Here we put $`\mathrm{\Gamma },\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}`$,

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }=\frac{fg+4t^2}{4t},\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}=\frac{f\stackrel{~}{g}+(2t\frac{c_1+c_2}{2})^2}{4tc_1c_2},$$

then the relation between $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}`$ can be simply represented by PGL(2)-action:

(4.8)
$$\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}f+c_1c_2& (c_1+c_2)f\\ (c_1+c_2)& f+c_1c_2\end{array}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }.$$

By taking a translation of $`W(E_8^{(1)})`$, we obtain a nonlinear difference equation. The translation can be described by a product of simple reflections $`w_i`$’s. This representation is same as the case of $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$, that is (2.8).

Now we calculate $`\overline{g}`$ from $`g`$ and $`f`$. Putting $`\mathrm{\Gamma },\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}`$,

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }=\frac{fg+4t^2}{4t},\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}=\frac{f\overline{g}+(2t\frac{1}{2}_{i=1}^8c_i)^2}{4t_{i=1}^8c_i}=\frac{f\overline{g}+(2t+\lambda )^2}{4t2\lambda },$$

$`\overline{g}`$ can be described as follows.

$`\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}`$ $`=`$ $`\left(\begin{array}{cc}f+c_7c_8& (c_7+c_8)f\\ (c_7+c_8)& f+c_7c_8\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}f+c_5c_6& (c_5+c_6)f\\ (c_5+c_6)& f+c_5c_6\end{array}\right)`$
$`\left(\begin{array}{cc}f+c_3c_4& (c_3+c_4)f\\ (c_3+c_4)& f+c_3c_4\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}f+c_1c_2& (c_1+c_2)f\\ (c_1+c_2)& f+c_1c_2\end{array}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }`$
$`=`$ $`\left(\begin{array}{cc}f^4+S_2f^3+S_4f^2+S_6f+S_8& (S_1f^3+S_3f^2+S_5f+S_7)f\\ (S_1f^3+S_3f^2+S_5f+S_7)& f^4+S_2f^3+S_4f^2+S_6f+S_8\end{array}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma },`$
where $`S_i`$ is the $`i`$-th elementary symmetric function of $`c_j`$’s. This equation can be modified

$$\frac{\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}\mathrm{\Gamma }f}{\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}\mathrm{\Gamma }}=\frac{f^4+S_2f^3+S_4f^2+S_6f+S_8}{S_1f^3+S_3f^2+S_5f+S_7}.$$

This equation is (4.1).

Similarly putting $`\mathrm{\Phi },\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Phi }}`$,

$$\mathrm{\Phi }=\frac{gf+4t^2}{4t},\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Phi }}=\frac{g\underset{¯}{f}+(2t+\frac{1}{2}_{i=1}^8d_i)^2}{4t+_{i=1}^8d_i}=\frac{g\underset{¯}{f}+(2t\lambda )^2}{4t2\lambda },$$

$`\underset{¯}{f}`$ can be described as follows.

(4.30) $`\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Phi }}`$ $`=`$ $`\left(\begin{array}{cc}g+d_7d_8& (d_7+d_8)g\\ d_7+d_8& g+d_7d_8\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}g+d_5d_6& (d_5+d_6)g\\ d_5+d_6& g+d_5d_6\end{array}\right)`$
$`\left(\begin{array}{cc}g+d_3d_4& (d_3+d_4)g\\ d_3+d_4& g+d_3d_4\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}g+d_1d_2& (d_1+d_2)g\\ d_1+d_2& g+d_1d_2\end{array}\right)\mathrm{\Phi }`$
(4.33) $`=`$ $`\left(\begin{array}{cc}g^4+S_2g^3+\mathrm{\Sigma }_4g^2+\mathrm{\Sigma }_6g+\mathrm{\Sigma }_8& (\mathrm{\Sigma }_1g^3+\mathrm{\Sigma }_3g^2+\mathrm{\Sigma }_5g+\mathrm{\Sigma }_7)g\\ \mathrm{\Sigma }_1g^3+\mathrm{\Sigma }_3g^2+\mathrm{\Sigma }_5g+\mathrm{\Sigma }_7& g^4+\mathrm{\Sigma }_2g^3+\mathrm{\Sigma }_4g^2+\mathrm{\Sigma }_6g+\mathrm{\Sigma }_8\end{array}\right)\mathrm{\Phi },`$
where $`d_i=tb_i(i=1,\mathrm{},8)`$, and $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_i`$ is the $`i`$-th elementary symmetric function of $`d_j`$’s. This equation can be modified

$$\frac{\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Phi }}\mathrm{\Phi }g}{\mathrm{\Phi }\stackrel{´}{\mathrm{\Phi }}}=\frac{g^4+\mathrm{\Sigma }_2g^3+\mathrm{\Sigma }_4g^2+\mathrm{\Sigma }_6g+\mathrm{\Sigma }_8}{\mathrm{\Sigma }_1g^3+\mathrm{\Sigma }_3g^2+\mathrm{\Sigma }_5g+\mathrm{\Sigma }_7}.$$

This is (4.2).

###### Remark 4.1.

In , we obtain $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface by blowing up $`^2`$ with the centers at nine points.

(4.34)
$$y^2z=4x^3,$$

$$p_i:(a_i:2:a_i^3)(i=1,\mathrm{},9),$$

(4.37)
$$\begin{array}{c}\chi (\alpha _i)=(a_{i+1}a_i)/\lambda (i=1,\mathrm{},7),\chi (\alpha _8)=(a_1+a_2+a_3)/\lambda ,\\ \chi (\alpha _0)=(a_9a_8)/\lambda ,\lambda =\underset{i=1}{\overset{9}{}}a_i.\end{array}$$

Both parameters and coordinates correspond as follows:

(4.38)
$$b_1=\frac{3}{2}(a_1+a_2),b_i=2a_{i+1}+\frac{1}{2}(a_1+a_2)(i=2,\mathrm{},8),t=\frac{1}{2}(a_1a_2),$$

(4.39)
$$f=\frac{6a_1^2x+a_1^3y+8z}{2x+a_1y},g=\frac{6a_2^2x+a_2^3y+8z}{2x+a_2y}.$$

###### Proposition 7.

$`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ has the following trivial solution:

(4.40)
$$f=(q+2t^2/\lambda +t)^2,g=(q2t^2/\lambda +t)^2,$$

where $`q`$ is determined by initial condition.

### 4.2 Linear equation

We present a special solution of $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ in this section.

###### Theorem 8.

By the limiting process: $`te^{\epsilon t},\lambda 1+\epsilon \lambda ,f2+\epsilon ^2f,g2+\epsilon ^2g,b_ie^{\epsilon b_i}(\epsilon 0)`$ in (3.28), (3.33), we obtain the system of equations:

(4.45) $`\left|\begin{array}{cccc}fg& g& f& 1\\ (b_1+t)^2(tb_1)^2& (tb_1)^2& (b_1+t)^2& 1\\ (b_3+t)^2(tb_3)^2& (tb_3)^2& (b_3+t)^2& 1\\ (b_5+t)^2(tb_5)^2& (tb_5)^2& (b_5+t)^2& 1\end{array}\right|`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$
(4.50) $`\left|\begin{array}{cccc}f\overline{g}& \overline{g}& f& 1\\ (b_8+t)^2(\overline{t}b_8)^2& (\overline{t}b_8)^2& (b_8+t)^2& 1\\ (b_6+t)^2(\overline{t}b_6)^2& (\overline{t}b_6)^2& (b_6+t)^2& 1\\ (b_4+t)^2(\overline{t}b_4)^2& (\overline{t}b_4)^2& (b_4+t)^2& 1\end{array}\right|`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$
where $`\overline{t}=t+\lambda `$.

A solution of this system is a special solution of $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$ with $`b_1+b_3+b_5+b_7=0`$. ∎

We can easily check that the equations (4.45),(4.50) define a special solution of $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$.

Transforming these equations,

(4.51)
$$\overline{g}=\frac{A_{2468}(\frac{t+\overline{t}}{2})f+B_{2468}(\frac{t+\overline{t}}{2})}{128(t+\overline{t})fA_{2468}(\frac{t+\overline{t}}{2})},f=\frac{A_{1357}(t)g+B_{1357}(t)}{256tg+A_{1357}(t)},$$

where

$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill A_{ijkl}(t)& =8(b_i+b_jb_kb_l)(b_ib_j+b_kb_l)(b_ib_jb_k+b_l)\hfill \\ & +16((b_i+b_jb_kb_l)^2+(b_ib_j+b_kb_l)^2+(b_ib_jb_k+b_l)^2)t256t^3,\hfill \end{array}`$
$`\begin{array}{cc}\hfill B_{ijkl}(t)& =(3b_ib_jb_kb_l)(3b_jb_ib_kb_l)(3b_kb_ib_jb_l)(3b_lb_ib_jb_k)t\hfill \\ & 32((b_i+b_jb_kb_l)^2+(b_ib_j+b_kb_l)^2+(b_ib_jb_k+b_l)^2)t^3+768t^5.\hfill \end{array}`$
Eliminating $`f`$, we obtain a difference equation of the first order with respect to the variable $`g`$.

## 5 Riccati solution of $`dP(A_1^{(1)})`$

We can obtain $`A_1^{(1)}`$-surface from $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface by a degeneration process. By the same process the $`A_1^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation and linear equation also can be obtained.

###### Theorem 9.

By the limiting process: $`t\sqrt{t}`$, $`\lambda \sqrt{\lambda }`$, $`f\frac{fp^{1/4}}{\epsilon \sqrt{t}}`$, $`g\frac{\sqrt{t}p^{1/4}}{\epsilon g}`$, $`b_ib_ip^{1/4}/\epsilon (i=1,\mathrm{},4)`$, $`b_i\epsilon p^{1/4}/b_i(i=5,\mathrm{},8)`$ $`(\epsilon 0)`$ in (3.28), (3.33), where $`p=\sqrt{b_1b_2b_3b_4/(b_5b_6b_7b_8)}`$, we obtain the system of equations:

(5.1)
$$\left|\begin{array}{cccc}fg& g& f& 1\\ t^2& t/b_1& b_1t& 1\\ t^2& t/b_3& b_3t& 1\\ 1& 1/b_5& b_5& 1\end{array}\right|=0,\left|\begin{array}{cccc}f\overline{g}& \overline{g}& f& 1\\ 1& 1/b_8& b_8& 1\\ 1& 1/b_6& b_6& 1\\ t\overline{t}& \overline{t}/b_4& b_4t& 1\end{array}\right|=0,$$

where $`\overline{t}=t\lambda `$.

A solution of this system is a special solution of $`dP(A_1^{(1)})`$ with $`b_5b_7=b_1b_3p`$. ∎

We introduce this theorem in this section.

By the limiting procedure on the $`A_0^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation (3.1), (3.2), we obtain the $`A_1^{(1)}`$-surface discrete Painlevé equation ().

(5.2) $`{\displaystyle \frac{\left(f\overline{g}t\overline{t}\right)\left(fgt^2\right)}{\left(f\overline{g}1\right)\left(fg1\right)}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{(fb_1t)(fb_2t)(fb_3t)(fb_4t)}{(fb_5)(fb_6)(fb_7)(fb_8)}},`$
(5.3) $`{\displaystyle \frac{\left(fgt^2\right)\left(\underset{¯}{f}g\underset{¯}{t}t\right)}{\left(fg1\right)\left(\underset{¯}{f}g1\right)}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{(gt/b_1)(gt/b_2)(gt/b_3)(gt/b_4)}{(g1/b_5)(g1/b_6)(g1/b_7)(g1/b_8)}}.`$
We can construct $`dP(A_1^{(1)})`$ by geometrical approach similar to the above discussions, but we only show the construction of surface. Here $`A_1^{(1)}`$-surface is obtained by blowing up $`^1\times ^1`$ at eight points. These eight points and a curve which these points lie on are as follows:

(5.4)
$$(fgt^2)(fg1)=0,$$

$$p_i:(b_it,\frac{t}{b_i})(i=1,\mathrm{},4),p_i:(b_i,\frac{1}{b_i})(i=5,\mathrm{},8).$$

By the same limiting procedure on the system of equations (3.28), (3.33), we obtain the system of equations (5.1), or

(5.5) $`\overline{g}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{f(1t\overline{t})+t(\overline{t}(b_6+b_8)b_2b_4)}{g(b_6+b_8t(b_2+b_4))+b_6b_8(t\overline{t}1)}},`$
(5.6) $`f`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{gb_5b_7(t^21)+t(b_1+b_3t(b_5+b_7))}{g(t(b_1+b_3)b_5b_7)+1t^2}}.`$
These equations coincide with the equations in .

## 6 Discussion

In the paper, we derive the linear equations as the special solutions of discrete Painlevé equations. So that we show that these equations belong to the hypergeometric family, we will seek the series solutions of them like the $`q`$-hypergeometric series. If there exists the series solutions of $`dP(A_0^{(1)})`$, it should be called elliptic-hypergeometric series.

Acknowledgement. The authors would like to thank K. Okamoto and M. Jimbo for discussions and advice. The authors are also grateful to Y. Ohta, T. Takebe, T. Takenawa and T. Tsuda for useful comments.