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# Resummation Studies on Vector Meson Decays and Chiral Symmetry Spontaneously Breaking in Chiral Constituent Quark Model

## I Introduction

The Chiral Symmetry Spontaneously Breaking (CSSB) is an important feature in the theory of QCD, which governs the dynamics of hadrons at very low energies. It is generally believed that there is an energy scale $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}2\pi F_\pi 1.2`$GeV, below which the chiral symmetry $`SU(3)_L\times SU(3)_R`$ is spontaneously breaking to $`SU(3)_{L+R}`$ associated with eight Goldstone bosons. Under this strong symmetry constraint, effective Lagrangian of mesons, $`_{\mathrm{eff}}`$, can be constructed with numbers of parameters. This is the base of the chiral perturbation theory (ChPT), and hence ChPT can be thought of as a rigorous QCD theory. As the typical energy scale $`p`$ for corresponding hadron dynamics is much less than $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$, i.e., $`p/\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}<<1`$, it serves as a good approximation to take a few leading- and next to the leading terms in $`_{\mathrm{eff}}`$ in $`p`$(or in momentum, or in derivative) expansion . Thus, the ChPT calculations become to be practicable. Usually, in practice, the calculations in ChPT are up to $`O(p^4)`$. The predictions of such $`O(p^4)`$-calculations describe pseudoscalar meson physics at very low energies quite well.

However, as the energies go up to the meson resonance region (say $`EM_\rho `$), two novel ingredients should be taken into account: 1, the meson resonances will be excited and they should emerge in the theory; 2, since the energies go up, the $`p/\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ will be not much less than $`1`$. For $`\rho `$-decays, $`p0.77`$GeV and $`p/\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}0.64`$; for $`K^{}`$, $`p0.892`$GeV and $`p/\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}0.74`$; for $`\varphi `$, $`p1.02`$GeV and $`p/\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}0.85`$. In these cases, the calculations based on taking only a few leading terms in $`p`$expansion (i.e., so called $`O(p^4)`$ calculations) will no longer be legitimate. In order to investigate the vector meson decays, all terms of the $`p`$expansions should be taken into account, and then be summed over. We will call it resummation studies on the corresponding vector meson processes. Obviously, for vector meson resonance physics at low energies, such resummation studies are necessary and meaningful even though it may be a heavy work. If such studies based on chiral expansion can be performed and the results are reasonable well, then one can conclude that the chiral dynamics (or chiral effective Lagrangian theory) works up to this vector meson energy scale. If not, we will have no reason to think so.

Another motive in this paper is to explore the CSSB of QCD in a non-trivial and realistic QCD-inspired model. CSSB is a prior hypothesis in ChPT. Hence, the success of ChPT provides an indirect evidence for existence of CSSB in QCD. The mechanism of CSSB has been widely discussed in the literature. However, that how to prove it and how to derive and then to determine the critical energy scale $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ from the fundamental QCD theory still remain to be settled. Therefore, it is still interesting and meaningful to study this subject in more realistic models and in new non-perturbative methods. CSSB in QCD could be thought of as a kind of quantum phase transition phenomenon in the quantum field theories, which is caused by quantum fluctuations in the system. It is well known that as $`p`$ below $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ (or after CSSB), the quantum dynamical freedoms are meson fields and the dynamics is described in chiral effective meson Lagrangian. The $`S`$-matrices of this Lagrangian field theory have to be unitary, which belongs to the first principle requirement in quantum theories. Thus, as one had a chiral effective meson Lagrangian with all order-terms in $`p`$\- (or space-time derivative-) expansions, the following question can be asked: In what range of $`\sqrt{p^2}`$ the $`S`$-matrices yielded by the Feynman rules of the theory are unitary? The answer will lead to the determination of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ because the upper-limit of this $`p`$-range should just be $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$. In other words, as above this $`p`$-upper-limit, i.e., $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$, the quantum field description of this chiral effective meson Lagrangian system will collapse. This is precisely a critical phenomenon. In conception of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, the quantum fluctuations of the system in the coordinate space are arisen from its momentum $`p`$: larger distance physics associating with relatively smaller quantum fluctuations corresponds to smaller $`p`$, and smaller distance one with larger fluctuations corresponds to larger $`p`$. Thus, for a quantum field system, it may transfer from order phase to disorder phase along with $`p`$-increasing, and then the critical energy scale emerges in the description of the dynamics. It is meaningful and interesting to reveal this scale by applying non-perturbation method to a quantum field system and by examining the unitarity of the theory. In this paper we shall try to realize this idea, i.e., we shall use the resummation derivation method to explore the unitarity of the chiral constituent quark model with vector mesons (see below), and then to determine the critical scale $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$.

In the literature, there are several schemes to extend the chiral symmetry considerations to be including vector meson resonances, and then the corresponding ChPT-like effective theories with $`0^{}`$ and $`1^\pm `$ mesons can be constructed and studied. Because there are huge number of unknown-parameters in high order terms of $`p`$expansion in this kind of theories, it is impracticable to perform resummation studies in the formalism of ChPT-like theories with vector mesons. Actually, most of all calculations in the literature in these ChPT-like theories are limited to be of $`O(p^4)`$ or $`𝒪(p^6)`$ and to be of the leading order of $`1/N_c`$-expansion . This situation, of course, is not satisfactory for the studies of vector meson physics even though the theories seem to be model-independent. In this paper we try to provide a phenomenon study based on systemical resummation calculations to processes of $`\rho \pi \pi `$, $`\rho ^0e^+e^{}`$, $`K^{}K\pi `$, $`\varphi K^+K^{}`$ and $`\varphi K_L^0K_S^0`$ in a realistic QCD-inspired model.

As a QCD-inspired model, the Chiral Quark Model (ChQM) (or Numbu-Jona-Lasinio version models and its extensions) has been extensively studied in hadron physics. The starting point of the model is a chiral constituent quark lagrangian with dynamical Goldstone bosons. The spin-1 mesons are included into the model by using the WCCWZ realization. In refs., two of us have investigated this model in $`p`$-resummation manner for $`\rho `$-decays. In this paper we shall recapture the resummation studies in refs. and make it more precise, and then extend it to $`K^{}`$-, $`\varphi `$-decay processes. Furthermore, we propose a new method to determine the $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$. We shall use large-$`N_c`$ expansion and optic theorem to prove a necessary condition for the unitarity of the theory, which has to be satisfied by meson’s transition amplitudes. Then we use the Feynman rules to calculate the transition amplitudes of vector meson decays, and compare the results with the requirement of the necessary condition of the unitarity, and then the $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ is determined. This determination is regularization scheme free.

Specifically, the follows will be shown in this paper: 1, In order to perform the $`p`$-resummation derivation to the effective meson Lagrangian described vector meson decays, a method called as proper vertex expansion (rather than the Schwenger proper time method) is used to calculate the quark loop contributions to it. It is shown that the power series of momentum expansion for the vector meson decay amplitudes converge slowly. This fact indicates that the $`p`$-resummations are necessary indeed for the vector meson decays; 2, Since both constituent quarks and the Goldstone bosons are dynamical freedom fields in the ChQM, in the calculations for getting the effective meson Lagrangian at one loop level both contributions due to the quark loop and ones due to the Goldstone boson loop have to be taken into account. Considering the contributions of quark loops and ones of Goldstone boson loops are of $`O(N_c)`$ and $`O(1)`$ in $`1/N_c`$-expansion respectively, consequently, any consistent loop-expansion calculations in the ChQM must include the contributions from the next to leading order in $`1/N_c`$-expansion in the model. In this paper, we shall calculate both quark loops and Goldstone boson loops for $`V\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }`$ ($`V`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ are vector- and pseudoscalar mesons respectively) in ChQM. The analytical calculations to the corrections of the next to the leading order of $`𝒪(1/N_c)`$-expansion are somehow heavy, but it is necessary; 3,The parameters in the effective meson lagrangian derived from the above procedure can been fixed by meeting the requirements of KSRF sum rule, Zweig rule forbidden to $`\varphi \pi \pi `$, beta decay of neutron and by matching the low energy limit of this theory with the constraints of ChPT; 4, The low energy limit of the effective meson field theory of ChQM is checked and it is shown that the results are consistent with ChPT, and hence ChQM is of a legitimate QCD-inspired model at very low energies (see Appendix A); 5, The decay widths for $`\rho \pi \pi `$, $`\rho ^0e^+e^{}`$, $`K^{}K\pi `$, $`\varphi K^+K^{}`$ and $`\varphi K_L^0K_S^0`$ are calculated in this parameter-free theory and the predictions are compared with data; 6, Based on the results of the resummation studies, we derive the $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{CSSB}`$ and it is found out that $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{CSSB}`$ is flavor-dependent.

The contents of this paper are organized as following: In section II we introduce the model with giving the notations; Section III is devoted to illustrate the proper vertex expansion; In section IV, the kinetic terms of vector mesons are derived; Section V, the quark loop contributions to vector meson decays; Section VI, the Goldstone boson loop contributions to vector meson decays; Section VII, the numerical results; Section VIII, unitarity and large $`N_c`$ expansion. A necessary condition for the unitarity of the meson theory deduced from ChQM is revealed in this section; Section IX, determination of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$: i.e., applying the necessary condition of the unitarity, the upper limit of $`p`$ is derived, and then $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ is determined. Finally, we provide a brief summary and discussion. In the Appendices, we provide derivations of the low-energy limit of the theory, and show how to perform parametrization of the quadratic divergence emerged in the meson loop calculations in the text. The paper is self-consistent.

## II the model

For understanding the hadron physics below CSSB scale, Manohar and Georgi provides a QCD-inspired description on the simple constituent quark model  (call it as simple-ChQM hereafter). At chiral limit, it is parameterized by the following $`SU(3)_V`$ invariant chiral constituent quark Lagrangian

$`_\chi `$ $`=`$ $`i\overline{q}(/+/\mathrm{\Gamma }+g_A/\mathrm{\Delta }\gamma _5)qm\overline{q}q+{\displaystyle \frac{F^2}{16}}<_\mu U^\mu U^{}>.`$ (2.1)
Here $`<\mathrm{}>`$ denotes trace in SU(3) flavor space, $`\overline{q}=(\overline{u},\overline{d},\overline{s})`$ are constituent quark fields, $`g_A=0.75`$ is fitted by beta decay of neutron. The $`\mathrm{\Delta }_\mu `$ and $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\mu `$ are defined as follows,

$`\mathrm{\Delta }_\mu `$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}[\xi ^{}(_\mu ir_\mu )\xi \xi (_\mu il_\mu )\xi ^{}],`$ (2.2)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\mu `$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}[\xi ^{}(_\mu ir_\mu )\xi +\xi (_\mu il_\mu )\xi ^{}],`$ (2.3)
and covariant derivative are defined as follows

$`_\mu U`$ $`=`$ $`_\mu Uir_\mu U+iUl_\mu =2\xi \mathrm{\Delta }_\mu \xi ,`$ (2.4)
$`_\mu U^{}`$ $`=`$ $`_\mu U^{}il_\mu U^{}+iU^{}r_\mu =2\xi ^{}\mathrm{\Delta }_\mu \xi ^{},`$ (2.5)
where $`l_\mu =v_\mu +a_\mu `$ and $`r_\mu =v_\mu a_\mu `$ are linear combinations of external vector field $`v_\mu `$ and axial-vector field $`a_\mu `$, $`\xi `$ associates with non-linear realization of spontaneously broken global chiral symmetry $`G=SU(3)_L\times SU(3)_R`$ introduced by Weinberg ,

$$\xi (\mathrm{\Phi })g_R\xi (\mathrm{\Phi })h^{}(\mathrm{\Phi })=h(\mathrm{\Phi })\xi (\mathrm{\Phi })g_L^{},g_L,g_RG,h(\mathrm{\Phi })H=SU(3)_V.$$
(2.6)
Explicit form of $`\xi (\mathrm{\Phi })`$ is usually taken as

$$\xi (\mathrm{\Phi })=\mathrm{exp}\{i\lambda ^a\mathrm{\Phi }^a(x)/2\},U(\mathrm{\Phi })=\xi ^2(\mathrm{\Phi }),$$
(2.7)
where $`\lambda ^1,\mathrm{},\lambda ^8`$ are SU(3) Gell-Mann matrices in flavor space, and the Goldstone bosons $`\mathrm{\Phi }^a`$ are treated as pseudoscalar meson octet:

$$\mathrm{\Phi }(x)=\lambda ^a\mathrm{\Phi }^a(x)=\sqrt{2}\left(\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{\pi ^0}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\eta _8}{\sqrt{6}}& \pi ^+& K^+\\ \pi ^{}& \frac{\pi ^0}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\eta _8}{\sqrt{6}}& K^0\\ K^{}& \overline{K}^0& \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}\eta _8\end{array}\right).$$
(2.8)
The transformation law under SU(3)V are

$$\psi h(\mathrm{\Phi })\psi ,\mathrm{\Delta }_\mu h(\mathrm{\Phi })\mathrm{\Delta }_\mu h^{}(\mathrm{\Phi }),\mathrm{\Gamma }_\mu h(\mathrm{\Phi })\mathrm{\Gamma }_\mu h^{}(\mathrm{\Phi })+h(\mathrm{\Phi })_\mu h^{}(\mathrm{\Phi }).$$
(2.9)
Thus the Lagrangian ( 2.1) is invariant under $`G_{\mathrm{global}}\times G_{\mathrm{local}}`$. There is only one parameter in this simple model, i.e., constituent quark mass $`m`$. With appropriate choice of $`m`$-value, the coefficients in ChPT, $`L_1,L_2L_3L_9L_{10}`$, have been derived in refs. The results shown that the simple-ChQM is consistent with ChPT. Therefore, it is substantial to take the formulation of ChQM as our stating point.

For our purposes, the simple-ChQM must be extended to include lowest vector meson resonances and go beyond the chiral limit. The mass difference of constituent quarks with different flavors is assumed to be caused by current quark masses. The light quark mass matrix $`=\mathrm{diag}\{m_u,m_d,m_s\}`$ is usually included in external spin-0 fields, i.e., $`\stackrel{~}{\chi }=s+ip`$, where $`s=s_{\mathrm{ext}}+`$, $`s_{\mathrm{ext}}`$ and $`p`$ are scalar and pseudoscalar external fields respectively. The chiral transformation for $`\stackrel{~}{\chi }`$ is $`\stackrel{~}{\chi }g__R\stackrel{~}{\chi }g__L^{}`$. Thus $`\stackrel{~}{\chi }`$ and $`\stackrel{~}{\chi }^{}`$ together with $`\xi `$ and $`\xi ^{}`$ can form SU(3)V invariant quantities

$`S={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(\xi ^{}\stackrel{~}{\chi }\xi ^{}+\xi \stackrel{~}{\chi }^{}\xi ),P={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(\xi ^{}\stackrel{~}{\chi }\xi ^{}\xi \stackrel{~}{\chi }^{}\xi ),`$ (2.10)
which are scalar and pseudoscalar respectively. Then the current-quark-mass-dependent term is written

$$\overline{q}Sq\kappa \overline{q}P\gamma _5q,$$
(2.11)
which goes back to standard quark mass term of QCD Lagrangian, $`\overline{\psi }\psi `$ ($`\psi `$ is the corresponding current quark fields), before CSSB at high energy for arbitrary $`\kappa `$. It means that the symmetry and some underlying constrains of QCD can not fix the couplings between pseudoscalar mesons and constituent quarks. Hence $`\kappa `$ is treated as an initial parameter of the model and will be fitted phenomenologically.

From the viewpoint of chiral symmetry only, an alternative scheme for incorporating vector mesons was suggested by Weinberg  and developed by Callan, Coleman et al . In this treatment, vector meson resonances $`V_\mu `$ transform homogeneously under SU(3)V,

$`V_\mu h(\mathrm{\Phi })V_\mu h^{}(\mathrm{\Phi }),`$ (2.12)
where

$$V_\mu (x)=\lambda 𝐕_\mu +\lambda ^0V_\mu ^0=\sqrt{2}\left(\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{\rho _\mu ^0}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\omega _\mu }{\sqrt{2}}& \rho _\mu ^+& K_\mu ^+\\ \rho _\mu ^{}& \frac{\rho _\mu ^0}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\omega _\mu }{\sqrt{2}}& K_\mu ^0\\ K_\mu ^{}& \overline{K}_\mu ^0& \varphi _\mu \end{array}\right),$$
(2.13)
and $`\lambda ^0=\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}`$. Then the simple-ChQM is extended to a chiral quark model including both pseudoscalar mesons and the lowest meson resonances, which will be called ChQM simply hereafter. ChQM is parameterized by the following SU(3)V invariant Lagrangian

$`_\chi `$ $`=`$ $`i\overline{q}(/+/\mathrm{\Gamma }+g_A/\mathrm{\Delta }\gamma _5i/V)qm\overline{q}q\overline{q}Sq\kappa \overline{q}P\gamma _5q+{\displaystyle \frac{F^2}{16}}<_\mu U^\mu U^{}>+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_0^2<V_\mu V^\mu >.`$ (2.14)
We can see that there are five initial parameters $`g_A,m,\kappa ,F`$ and $`m_0`$ in ChQM ($`F`$ will be renormalized). These parameters can not be determined by symmetry but can only be fitted by experiment.

## III proper vertex expansion

In chiral quark model, low energy effective action of light hadrons is generated through loop effects of constituent quarks. The usual way to obtain the effective action is in path integral. Integrating out degrees of freedom of quarks, we obtain a determinant and then regularize it by Schwinger proper time method  or heat kernel method . In this framework, the effective action is expanded in powers of momentum of mesons, and the calculations to $`O(p^4)`$ are practicable. However, it is very difficult to calculate more higher order contributions of momentum expansion. Actually, it is impracticable. Instead of it, we shall derive the effective action by computing the loop effects of constituent quarks directly. In this way, the calculations are expansions of loops, or of proper vertices of external fields rather than momentum expansions. We call this method as proper vertex expansion following refs., in which all terms in $`p`$-expansion are catched for concrete processes, and hence the corresponding calculations are of resummation of $`p`$-expansion.

The quark part of Lagrangian (2.14) can be divided into two parts:

$`_\chi ^q`$ $`=`$ $`_\chi ^0+_\chi ^I,`$ (3.1)
$`_\chi ^0`$ $`=`$ $`\overline{q}(i/m)q,`$ (3.2)
$`_\chi ^I`$ $`=`$ $`\overline{q}/Vq+\overline{q}(i/\mathrm{\Gamma }S^{})q+\overline{q}(ig_A/\mathrm{\Delta }\kappa P)\gamma _5q,`$ (3.3)
where $`S^{}=S`$.

As a consequence of the free part $`_\chi ^0`$, the propagators of constituent quarks are

$`\stackrel{{\displaystyle \frac{}{\left|\right|}}}{q_i^a(x)\overline{q}_j^b}(y)=\delta _{ab}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi )^4}e^{ip(xy)}\frac{i(/p+M_a)_{ij}}{p^2M_a^2+iϵ}}=\delta _{ab}iS_{Fij}^a(xy),`$ (3.4)
where the flavor index $`a,b=1,2,3`$ or $`u,d,s`$, and $`M_a=m+m_a`$. That is, the propagators of quarks are flavor-dependent.

The effective action describing meson interaction can be partially obtained via loop effects of constituent quarks

$`e^{iS_{\mathrm{eff}}^q}`$ $`=`$ $`<0|T_qe^{i{\scriptscriptstyle d^4x_\chi ^\mathrm{I}(x)}}|0>`$ (3.5)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}i{\displaystyle d^4p_1\frac{d^4p_2}{(2\pi )^4}\mathrm{}\frac{d^4p_n}{(2\pi )^4}\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Pi }}_n(p_1,\mathrm{},p_n)\delta ^4(p_1+p_2+\mathrm{}+p_n)}`$ (3.6)
$``$ $`i\mathrm{\Pi }_1(0)+{\displaystyle \underset{n=2}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}i{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p_1}{(2\pi )^4}\mathrm{}\frac{d^4p_{n1}}{(2\pi )^4}\mathrm{\Pi }_n(p_1,\mathrm{},p_{n1})},`$ (3.7)
where $`T_q`$ is time-order product of constituent quark fields, $`\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Pi }}_n(p_1,\mathrm{},p_n)`$ is one-loop effects of constituent quarks with $`n`$ external fields, $`p_1,p_2,\mathrm{},p_n`$ are their four-momentum, and

$$\mathrm{\Pi }_n(p_1,\mathrm{},p_{n1})=d^4p_n\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Pi }}_n(p_1,\mathrm{},p_n)\delta ^4(p_1+p_2+\mathrm{}+p_n).$$
(3.8)
Getting rid of all disconnected diagrams, we have

$`S_{\mathrm{eff}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}S_n,`$ (3.9)
$`S_1`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{\Pi }_1^c(0),`$ (3.10)
$`S_2`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{\Pi }_2^c(p)+{\displaystyle \frac{F^2}{16}}<_\mu U^\mu U^{}>+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}m_0^2<V_\mu V^\mu >`$ (3.11)
$`S_n`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p_1}{(2\pi )^4}\mathrm{}\frac{d^4p_{n1}}{(2\pi )^4}\mathrm{\Pi }_n^c(p_1,\mathrm{},p_{n1})},(n3)`$ (3.12)
where ”$`c`$” denotes ”connected part”, and two non-quark terms in eq.(2.14) have been added to obtain complete effective action. Obviously, in eq. (3.9), the effective action $`S_{\mathrm{eff}}`$ is expanded in powers of number of external vertex and expressed as integral over external momentum. Hereafter we shall call this method proper vertex expansion, and call $`S_n`$ $`n`$-point effective action. In terms of proper vertex expansion, the effective actions include informations from all orders of chiral expansion. That is, we can do resummation of momentum expansion by this method. That is what we need.

For simplicity, we shall use the good approximation $`m_u=m_d=0`$, which means the flavor index 1($`u`$) and 2($`d`$) are equivalent for all kind of quantities. In ref.  and , what is mainly studied is the SU(2) sector of the theory. So, $`m_s`$ plays no role in such kind of studies. Since $`m_u=m_d=0`$, the effective actions can be put into simple forms which are not flavor-related. For SU(3) case, we shall assume $`m_s0`$, which, as we can see later, is necessary for a unitary theory when $`\varphi (1020)`$ physics is considered. therefore, the effective actions will be complicated and flavor-related.

The next two sections are calculations of some effective actions. Sect.IV is about kinetic terms of vector mesons, and Sect.V is about tree graphs for vector mesons decays.

## IV kinetic part of vector meson action

In the effective action, the kinetic part of vector mesons $`S_{\mathrm{kin}}`$ can be derived from the two-point diagram as follow (fig.1). Using Feynman rules generated from eq.(3.1), We find that the kinetic action is

$`S_{\mathrm{kin}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{i}{2}}N_c{\displaystyle \underset{ab}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p_1d^4p_2}{(2\pi )^4}\delta (p_1+p_2)V_\mu ^{ab}(p_1)V_\nu ^{ba}(p_2)T_{ab}^{\mu \nu }(p_2)}`$ (4.1)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}{\displaystyle \underset{ab}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi )^4}V_\mu ^{ab}(p)V_\nu ^{ba}(p)[a_1g^{\mu \nu }a_2g^{\mu \nu }p^2+b_2p^\mu p^\nu +a_3(p^2)g^{\mu \nu }p^2b_3(p^2)p^\mu p^\nu ]}.`$ (4.2)
Here $`V_\mu ^{ab}`$ refers to the $`(ab)`$ element of matrix $`V_\mu `$ (2.13), and

$`T_{ab}^{\mu \nu }(p)=\mu ^ϵ{\displaystyle \frac{d^dk}{(2\pi )^d}\frac{Tr[\gamma ^\mu (/k/p+M_b)\gamma ^\nu (/k+M_a)]}{[(kp)^2M_b^2](k^2M_a^2)}}.`$ (4.3)
The coefficients in the second line of eq. (4.1) are

$`a_1`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}}g^2(M_aM_b)^2{\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{2\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑x\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}{m^2}}\left[M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2xM_aM_b\right],`$ (4.4)
$`a_2`$ $`=`$ $`g^2{\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{2\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑xx(1x)\left[1{\displaystyle \frac{M_aM_b}{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}}+2\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}{m^2}}\right],`$ (4.5)
$`b_2`$ $`=`$ $`g^2{\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑xx(1x)\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}{m^2}},`$ (4.6)
$`a_3(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑x\left[x(1x)\mathrm{ln}\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2x(1x)}{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{R(p^2)}{2p^2}}[M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2xM_aM_b]\right],`$ (4.7)
$`b_3(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑xx(1x)\mathrm{ln}\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2x(1x)}{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}}\right),`$ (4.8)
$`R(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{ln}\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2x(1x)}{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{p^2x(1x)}{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}}.`$ (4.9)
Because $`R(p^2)`$ is of $`O(p^4)`$, we find that $`a_3(p^2)O(p^2)`$, $`b_3(p^2)O(p^2)`$. The constant $`g`$ in eq. (4.4) is a universal coupling constant, which absorbs the logarithmic divergence originating from quark loop integral,

$`{\displaystyle \frac{3}{8}}g^2={\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{(4\pi )^{d/2}}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\mu ^2}{m^2}}\right)^{ϵ/2}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(2{\displaystyle \frac{d}{2}}\right).`$ (4.10)
At chiral limit ($`m_u=m_d=m_s=0`$), we can find that

$`a_1`$ $`=`$ $`0,`$ (4.11)
$`a_2`$ $`=`$ $`b_2=g^2,`$ (4.12)
$`a_3(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`b_3(p^2)={\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑xx(1x)\mathrm{ln}\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2x(1x)}{m^2}}\right).`$ (4.13)
Therefore, $`S_{\mathrm{kin}}`$ is close to the standard form

$`S_{\mathrm{kin}}^{\mathrm{stand}}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}{\displaystyle \underset{ab}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi )^4}V_\mu ^{ab}(p)V_\nu ^{ba}(p)[g^{\mu \nu }p^2+p^\mu p^\nu +m_{{}_{V}{}^{}ab}^2g^{\mu \nu }]},`$ (4.14)
provided we rescale $`V_\mu V_\mu /\sqrt{a_2}=V_\mu /g`$. While beyond the chiral limit, $`a_2b_2`$, so the $`g^{\mu \nu }p^2`$ term and the $`p^\mu p^\nu `$ term have no common coefficients. Gauge symmetry is thus broken. But we don’t need to bother about this, because throughout this paper, the condition $`_\mu V^\mu =0`$ is used. The $`p^\mu p^\nu `$ term can thus be discarded.

Another problem is the higher derivatives in eq. (4.1), which makes the vector mesons ill-defined. Fortunately, because the vector meson field is external, we can make a momentum-dependent transformation $`V_\mu (p)(1+f(p^2)p^2)V_\mu (p)`$ such that, in the final form, terms with derivatives higher than 2 vanish, i.e.

$`a_3(p^2)2f_1a_1+(a_1a_2p^2+a_3(p^2)p^2)(2f(p^2)+f^2(p^2)p^2)=0,`$ (4.15)
where $`f_1=f(p^2)|_{p^2=0}`$. If $`a_10`$ (i.e. $`m_am_b`$), eq. (4.15) can’t determine the value of $`f_1`$. However, when $`m_a=m_b`$, we have $`a_1=0`$, and $`f_1`$ can be determined as $`f_1=a_3^1/(2a_2)|_{m_a=m_b}`$, where $`a_3^1=a_3(p^2)|_{p^2=0}`$. In the case of $`m_am_b`$, because $`a_1`$ is very small, $`f_1`$ changes slightly. $`a_3^1/(2a_2)|_{m_a=m_b}`$ is thus a good approximation for $`f_1`$ at this case. Substituting $`(m_a+m_b)/2`$ for the argument $`m_a`$ in this expression, we obtain

$`f_1=N_c\left\{15\pi ^2(M_a+M_b)^2\left[g^2{\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{6\pi ^2}}\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{(M_a+M_b)^2}{4m^2}}\right]\right\}^1.`$ (4.16)
Then we get the transformation factor

$`\alpha (p^2)1+f(p^2)p^2=\sqrt{1+{\displaystyle \frac{(2f_1a_1a_3(p^2))p^2}{a_1a_2p^2+a_3(p^2)p^2}}}.`$ (4.17)
After this transformation, we find that

$`S_{\mathrm{kin}}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}{\displaystyle \underset{ab}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi )^4}V_\mu ^{ab}(p)V^{\mu ba}(p)(a_1a_2p^2+2f_1a_1p^2)}.`$ (4.18)
Comparing it with the standard form, we find the proper rescaling

$`V_\mu {\displaystyle \frac{V_\mu }{\stackrel{~}{g}}}{\displaystyle \frac{V_\mu }{\sqrt{a_22f_1a_1}}}.`$ (4.19)
The physical pseudoscalar meson fields can be obtained via field rescaling $`\mathrm{\Phi }2F_\mathrm{\Phi }^1\mathrm{\Phi }`$ ($`\mathrm{\Phi }=\pi ,K,\eta _8`$).

What should be noted is that, the rescaling factor $`1/\stackrel{~}{g}`$ and the transformation factor $`\alpha (p^2)`$ are both flavor-related. They are different for different vector mesons (for $`\rho `$, the rescaling factor is $`1/\stackrel{~}{g}=1/g`$). In the following expressions, We shall omit factors as $`1/\stackrel{~}{g}`$, $`\alpha (p^2)`$ and $`2/F_\mathrm{\Phi }`$ for external lines, and include them only in final results.

## V Quark Loop Contributions to vector meson decays

### A Effective actions

For vector mesons decays, we should include the two-point and three-point diagram for tree level of effective actions. The space-like condition of vector meson $`^\mu V_\mu =0`$ is used to simplify the calculations.

For two-point diagram, we should calculate fig.2(a). The corresponding effective action reads

$`S_2`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{iN_c}{8}}{\displaystyle \underset{abc}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q_1d^4q_2}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}\delta (p+q_1+q_2)V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q_2)(q_2q_1)_\nu T_{ab}^{\mu \nu }(q_1+q_2)}`$ (5.1)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{abc}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q_1d^4q_2}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}\delta (p+q_1+q_2)V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q_2)q_2^\mu A_{ab}(p^2)},`$ (5.2)
where

$`A_{ab}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{3}{16}}g^2(M_aM_b)^2{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}g^2p^2{\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{16\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑x\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{D_1^{ab}}{m^2}}[M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2xM_aM_b2x(1x)p^2],`$ (5.3)
$`D_1^{ab}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2xp^2x(1x).`$ (5.4)
Contributions from $`S^{}`$ vanishes here.

For three-point diagram, we should include three kinds of vertices: $`V\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{\Delta }`$,$`V\mathrm{\Delta }P`$,$`VPP`$. The contribution from the first vertex (fig.2(b)) is

$`S_3^\mathrm{\Delta }`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{i}{4}}N_cg_A^2{\displaystyle \underset{abc}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q_1d^4q_2}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}\delta (p+q_1+q_2)V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q_2)q_{1\nu }q_{2\rho }T_{abc}^{\mu \nu \rho }(q_1,q_2)}`$ (5.5)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{abc}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q_1d^4q_2}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}\delta (p+q_1+q_2)V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q_2)q_2^\mu g_A^2B_{abc}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2)},`$ (5.6)
Here, we have used the definitions that

$`T_{abc}^{\mu \nu \rho }(q_1,q_2)`$ $`=`$ $`\mu ^ϵ{\displaystyle \frac{d^dk}{(2\pi )^d}\frac{Tr[\gamma ^\mu (/k+/q_1+M_b)\gamma ^\nu (/k+M_c)\gamma ^\rho (/k/q_2+M_a)]}{[(k+q_1)^2M_b^2](k^2M_c^2)[(kq_2)^2M_a^2]}},`$ (5.7)
$`T_{abc}^{\mu \nu \rho }`$ $`=`$ $`T_{abc}^{\mu \nu \rho }(M_cM_c).`$ (5.8)
and

$`B_{abc}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}\left[\left({\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{6\pi ^2}}g^2\right)p^2+{\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{2\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}x𝑑x{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑y\left(\alpha _1\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{D_2^{abc}}{m^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha _2^{abc}}{D_2^{abc}}}\right)\right],`$ (5.9)
$`\alpha _1`$ $`=`$ $`p^2(1xy)q_1^2(1xxy)q_2^2x(12y),`$ (5.10)
$`\alpha _2^{abc}`$ $`=`$ $`p^2M_c[M_ax(1y)+M_b(1x)]+q_1^2M_a[M_b(1x)M_cxy]+q_2^2M_bx[M_a(1y)M_cy]`$ (5.12)
$`+p^2q_1^2x(1x)^2+p^2q_2^2x^2(1x+xy)(1y)^2+q_1^2q_2^2x^2y^2(1xy),`$
$`D_2^{abc}`$ $`=`$ $`M_a^2x(1y)+M_b^2(1x)+M_c^2xyp^2x(1x)(1y)q_1^2xy(1x)q_2^2x^2y(1y),`$ (5.13)
$`B_{abc}`$ $`=`$ $`B_{abc}(M_cM_c).`$ (5.14)
The contributions from the latter two vertices (fig.2(c) and (d)) are

$`S_3^P={\displaystyle \underset{abc}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q_1d^4q_2}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}\delta (p+q_1+q_2)V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q_2)q_2^\mu B_{abc}^{}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2)},`$ (5.15)
where $`B^{}`$ is defined as

$`V_\mu ^{ab}(p)`$ $`\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q_2)B_{abc}^{}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2)={\displaystyle \frac{\kappa m_sN_c}{(4\pi )^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}x𝑑x{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑y`$ (5.19)
$`\{V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(q_1)\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}^{ca}(q_2)g_A[M_cM_a+M_b+({\displaystyle \frac{6\pi ^2g^2}{N_c}}\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{D_2^{abc}}{m^2}})(M_a2M_bM_c){\displaystyle \frac{\beta _1^{abc}}{D_2^{abc}}}]`$
$`+V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}^{bc}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q_2)g_A\left[M_aM_b+M_c+\left({\displaystyle \frac{6\pi ^2g^2}{N_c}}\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{D_2^{abc}}{m^2}}\right)(M_b2M_aM_c){\displaystyle \frac{\beta _2^{abc}}{D_2^{abc}}}\right]`$
$`+V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}^{bc}(q_1)\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}^{ca}(q_2)\kappa m_s[1+xy(1+3xy)({\displaystyle \frac{6\pi ^2g^2}{N_c}}\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{D_2^{abc}}{m^2}}){\displaystyle \frac{\beta _3^{abc}}{D_2^{abc}}}]\},`$
with

$`\beta _1^{abc}`$ $`=`$ $`M_aM_bM_c+p^2x(1y)[M_ax(1y)+M_b(1x)+M_c(1x+xy)]`$ (5.21)
$`+q_1^2xy[M_a(1xy)+M_b(1x)+M_cxy]+q_2^2M_bx^2y(1y)`$
$`\beta _2^{abc}`$ $`=`$ $`M_aM_bM_c+p^2(1x)[M_ax(1y)+M_b(1x)+M_cx]`$ (5.23)
$`+q_1^2M_axy(1x)+q_2^2xy[M_ax(1y)+M_b(1xy)+M_cxy]`$
$`\beta _3^{abc}`$ $`=`$ $`M_aM_b(1xy)+(M_a+M_b)M_cxy+p^2x(1x)(1y)(1+xy)+q_1^2x^2y^2(1x)+q_2^2x^3y^2(1y).`$ (5.24)
Here,

$`\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}0& 0& \mathrm{\Phi }^{13}\\ 0& 0& \mathrm{\Phi }^{23}\\ \mathrm{\Phi }^{31}& \mathrm{\Phi }^{32}& 2\mathrm{\Phi }^{33}\end{array}\right)=\sqrt{2}\left(\begin{array}{ccc}0& 0& K^+\\ 0& 0& K^0\\ K^{}& \overline{K}^0& \frac{4}{\sqrt{6}}\eta _8\end{array}\right),`$ (5.31)
which results from the simplified $`=\mathrm{diag}\{0,0,m_s\}`$. Note that the form of $`B^{}`$ is not given directly, which depends on the flavor index. For $`\rho `$ and $`\omega `$ decay, $`B^{}=0`$.

Thus the total action from quark loop is

$`S_{\mathrm{quark}}={\displaystyle \underset{abc}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q_1d^4q_2}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}\delta (p+q_1+q_2)V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q_2)q_2^\mu f_{abc}^{(0)}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2)},`$ (5.32)
where

$`f_{abc}^{(0)}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2)=A_{ab}(p^2)+g_A^2B_{abc}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2)+B_{abc}^{}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2).`$ (5.33)
Now we have resumed all orders of momentum expansion, which is embodied by $`D_1^{ab}`$ and $`D_2^{abc}`$. To obtain the leading order of momentum expansion, we should first take chiral limit $`m_u=m_d=m_s=0`$. But we should remember that, as indicated at the end of Sec.III, it is inconsistent to study $`\varphi `$ physics at chiral limit.

### B Vector meson dominant and KSRF sum rules

We also care about decay $`\rho e^+e^{}`$. The direct coupling between photon and vector meson resonances is also yielded by the effects of quark loops. In chiral limit, the VMD vertex at the leading order of large $`N_c`$ expansion, after the condition $`^\mu V_\mu =0`$ is applied, reads

$`S_{\mathrm{VMD}}={\displaystyle \frac{e}{2}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi )^4}A_\mu (p)<QV^\mu (p)>f_{\rho \gamma }^{(0)}(p^2)p^2},`$ (5.34)
where $`A^\mu `$ is photon field, $`Q=\mathrm{diag}\{2/3,1/3,1/3\}`$ is charge operator of quark fields, and

$`f_{\rho \gamma }^{(0)}(p^2)={\displaystyle \frac{8A_{11}(p^2)}{gp^2}}=g{\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{g\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑xx(1x)\mathrm{ln}(1{\displaystyle \frac{x(1x)p^2}{m^2}}).`$ (5.35)
In addition, at the leading order of large $`N_c`$ expansion, the $`V\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }`$ vertex (where $`V`$ stands for vector mesons and $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ for pseudoscalar mesons) in chiral limit reads from eq. (5.32)

$`S_{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q_1d^4q_2}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}\delta (p+q_1+q_2)<V_\mu (p)\mathrm{\Phi }(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }(q_2)>q_2^\mu f_{\rho \pi \pi }^{(0)}(p^2)p^2},`$ (5.36)
where

$`f_{\rho \pi \pi }^{(0)}(p^2)={\displaystyle \frac{8f_{111}^{(0)}(p^2,0,0)}{gF_\pi ^2p^2}}.`$ (5.37)
The rescaling factors $`1/g`$ for vector mesons and $`2/F_\pi `$ for pseudoscalar mesons is included both in eq. (5.35) and eq. (5.37).

It is well known that the KSRF(I) sum rule

$$f_{\rho \gamma }(m_\rho ^2)=f_{\rho \pi \pi }(m_\rho ^2)F_\pi ^2$$
(5.38)
is the result of current algebra and PCAC. We expect it to be valid at the leading order of large $`N_c`$ expansion. Therefore, the KSRF(I) sum rule is satisfied when $`B_{111}(p^2,0,0)|_{p^2=m_\rho ^2}=0`$, or, using definition (5.9),

$`g^2={\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{2\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑x{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑yx(1xy)\left[1+{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{m^2x(1x)(1y)p^2}}+\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{m^2x(1x)(1y)p^2}{m^2}}\right]|_{p^2=m_\rho ^2}.`$ (5.39)
Setting $`m460`$MeV (see Appendix A), we find that $`g=0.329`$.

## VI Goldstone boson loop contributions to vector meson decays

In this section, we shall calculate one-loop correction of pseudoscalar meson to vector mesons decays and provide a complete prediction on these reactions. Because the contribution of loop effects is suppressed by $`N_c^1`$ expansion, we shall use some approximations for simplicity.

Firstly, because the quark masses in meson loop are doubly suppressed, we shall discard $`S^{}`$ and $`\kappa P`$ parts in $`_\chi ^I`$, because they are of $`O(m_s)`$. This means $`B^{}=0`$ when tree-level action is used in meson-loop calculations. Secondly, in propagators of pseudoscalar mesons, since $`m_\pi ^2m_K^2`$, we assume that pion is a massless particle.

There is another approximation we have used. In dimensional regularization, $`d^dkk^{2n}0(n1)`$, Thus, we have

$$d^dk\frac{k^{2s}}{k^2m_\mathrm{\Phi }^2+iϵ}m_\mathrm{\Phi }^{2s}\times \mathrm{quadratically}\mathrm{divergent}\mathrm{term},(s1).$$

Therefore, in this paper we shall ignore all contributions from quartic divergences or higher order ones. As we shall see, in the following calculation the lowest order divergence is quadratic. It means that we can take the approximation $`q^2=0`$ ($`q^\mu `$ is the four-momentum of pseudoscalar mesons) in calculation on pseudoscalar meson loops.

At the order of $`N_c^1`$ expansion next to the leading one, there are three kinds of loop diagrams of pseudoscalar mesons need to be calculated (fig.3). As to the tadpole diagram in fig.3(a) and (d), we only include contributions from $`K`$ and $`\eta _8`$ mesons, since the massless $`\pi `$ meson does not contribute due to the relation $`d^dkk^{2n}0(n1)`$. In addition, when we calculate two-point diagram (fig.3(b)(e)), we must include all chain-like diagrams of pseudoscalar meson loops which have imaginary part (fig.3(c)(f)), e.g., $`\pi \pi `$ loop for $`\rho `$ decay. Because it will generates a large imaginary part of $`S`$-matrix for vector mesons physics.

### A Tadpole Diagram

When calculating tadpole, we need various quark one-loop diagrams with various external vertices but with one vector meson external source and four pseudoscalar meson external sources. They are shown in fig.4.

As we can see later, the contributions from fig.(e) and (f) can be omitted, so we have

$`S_{V4\mathrm{\Phi }}={\displaystyle \underset{abcde}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q_1\mathrm{}d^4q_4}{(2\pi )^{4\times 4}}\delta (p+q_1+\mathrm{}+q_4)V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{cd}(q_2)\mathrm{\Phi }^{de}(q_3)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ea}(q_4)f_{abcde}^\mu (q_1,\mathrm{},q_4)},`$ (6.1)
where $`f^\mu `$ includes contributions from fig. (a)$``$(d):

$`f_{abcde}^\mu (q_1,\mathrm{},q_4)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{i}{2^7\times 3}}N_c(q_13q_2+3q_3q_4)_\nu T_{ab}^{\mu \nu }(q_1+\mathrm{}+q_4)`$ (6.5)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{i}{64}}N_c(q_2q_1)_\nu (q_4q_3)_\rho T_{abd}^{\mu \nu \rho }(q_1+q_2,q_3+q_4)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{i}{96}}N_cg_A^2[q_{1\nu }(q_22q_3+q_4)_\rho T_{abc}^{\mu \nu \rho }(q_1,q_2+q_3+q_4)`$
$`+(q_12q_2+q_3)_\nu q_{4\rho }T_{abe}^{\mu \nu \rho }(q_1+q_2+q_3,q_4)].`$
Here, we have omitted $`S^{}`$ and $`\kappa P`$ in $`_\chi ^I`$.

Now, arbitrary two of the four $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ should be contracted as long as they are $`\eta _8`$ or $`K`$. Using the propagators for them in momentum space such as

$`\stackrel{{\displaystyle \frac{}{\left|\right|}}}{K^+(q_1)K^{}}(q_2)=(2\pi )^4\delta (q_1+q_2){\displaystyle \frac{i}{q_1^2m_K^2+iϵ}},`$ (6.6)
(remembering $`m_K=m_{\eta _8}`$) and considering all possible contractions, we have

$`S_{\mathrm{tad}}`$ $`=`$ $`2{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q_1d^4q_2}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}\delta (p+q_1+q_2)V_\mu ^{13}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{32}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{21}(q_2)\frac{d^4q}{(2\pi )^4}\frac{i}{q^2m_K^2}}`$ (6.10)
$`[{\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}}f_{13211}^\mu (q_1,q_2,q,q)+f_{13213}^\mu (q_1,q_2,q,q)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}}f_{13221}^\mu (q_1,q,q_2,q)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}}f_{13222}^\mu (q_1,q,q_2,q)`$
$`+f_{13232}^\mu (q_1,q,q,q_2){\displaystyle \frac{2}{6}}f_{13321}^\mu (q,q_1,q_2,q){\displaystyle \frac{2}{6}}f_{13322}^\mu (q,q_1,q,q_2)+2f_{13132}^\mu (q,q,q_1,q_2)`$
$`+\left({\displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}}\right)^2f_{13332}^\mu (q,q,q_1,q_2)]`$
for the vertex $`K^+(p)\overline{K}^0(q_1)\pi ^{}(q_2)`$ and similar expressions for the vertices $`\rho (p)\pi (q_1)\pi (q_2)`$ and $`\varphi (p)K(q_1)K(q_2)`$. When expanding the expression in the brackets in powers of $`q^\mu `$, and discarding the odd-order terms, we obtain a polynomial in powers of $`q^2`$. Because the two contracted $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$s are external fields as far as the quark loop concerned, due to the approximation $`q^2=0`$, what we do amounts to setting $`q_\mu =0`$ in the bracket. (Now let we turn to the contribution of fig.(e) to $`f^\mu `$. It must be of this form: $`(q_2q_1)_\nu q_{3\rho }q_{4\sigma }T_{abcd}^{\mu \nu \rho \sigma }(q_1+q_2,q_3,q_4)`$. After contraction, two of the four $`q`$s should be set to be $`0`$. This term is thus vanished. Similar argument is valid for fig.(f).) The calculations are thus simplified. Eventually, we get

$`S_{\mathrm{tad}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(pq)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q)q^\mu C_{abc}(p^2)}`$ (6.11)
with

$`C_{122}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda m_K^2}{6(4\pi )^2F_K^2}}[3B_{113}(p^2)3g_A^2B_{111}(p^2)5f_{111}^{(0)}(p^2)]`$ (6.12)
$`C_{132}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda m_K^2}{6(4\pi )^2F_K^2}}[3B_{133}(p^2)3g_A^2B_{131}(p^2)10f_{131}^{(0)}(p^2)]`$ (6.13)
$`C_{33c}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{3\lambda m_K^2}{4(4\pi )^2F_K^2}}[B_{331}(p^2)g_A^2B_{331}(p^2)3f_{331}^{(0)}(p^2)](c=1,2)`$ (6.14)
for vertex $`\rho ^+\pi ^0\pi ^{}`$, $`K^+\overline{K}^0\pi ^{}`$ and $`\varphi KK`$ respectively, where $`B(p^2)=B(p^2,0,0)`$, and

$`f_{abc}^{(0)}(p^2)=A_{ab}(p^2)+g_A^2B_{abc}(p^2)`$ (6.15)
is the simplified form of $`f_{abc}^{(0)}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2)`$ according to $`q^2=0`$. Here, we have neglected the differences between $`m_K`$ and $`m_\eta `$, and between $`F_K`$ and $`F_\eta `$, since they are doubly suppressed by light quark mass expansion and $`N_c^1`$ expansion. The constant $`\lambda `$ absorbs the divergence:

$`\lambda =\left({\displaystyle \frac{4\pi \mu ^2}{m_K^2}}\right)^{ϵ/2}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{d}{2}}\right).`$ (6.16)
After similar consideration, we can find the tadpole loop corrections of $`K`$ or $`\eta _8`$ mesons to VMD vertex (see fig.3(d)) is

$`S_{\mathrm{VMD}}^{(t)}={\displaystyle \frac{e\lambda m_K^2}{16\pi ^2F_K^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi )^4}A_\mu (p)\rho ^{0\mu }(p)f_{\rho \gamma }^{(0)}(p^2)p^2}.`$ (6.17)
In Appendix B, $`\lambda =0.54`$ is determined.

### B Two-Point Diagram and Chain-Like Approximation

For two-point diagram, we need the vertex of $`4\mathrm{\Phi }`$, which in principle should be generated from quark loop. For simplicity, we can alternatively obtain it from the effective Lagrangian of ChPT at order $`p^2`$ and order $`p^4`$,

$`_{4\mathrm{\Phi }}=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{F_0^2}{96}}(<_\mu \mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }^\mu \mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }><_\mu \mathrm{\Phi }^\mu \mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }^2>)`$ (6.19)
$`+L_1<_\mu \mathrm{\Phi }^\mu \mathrm{\Phi }><_\nu \mathrm{\Phi }^\nu \mathrm{\Phi }>+L_2<_\mu \mathrm{\Phi }_\nu \mathrm{\Phi }><^\mu \mathrm{\Phi }^\nu \mathrm{\Phi }>+L_3<_\mu \mathrm{\Phi }^\mu \mathrm{\Phi }_\nu \mathrm{\Phi }^\nu \mathrm{\Phi }>,`$
with the coefficients determined by ChQM (see Appendix A)

$`L_1={\displaystyle \frac{\gamma }{24}},L_2={\displaystyle \frac{\gamma }{12}},L_3={\displaystyle \frac{\gamma }{12}}(g_A^43),\gamma ={\displaystyle \frac{N_c}{(4\pi )^2}}.`$ (6.20)
At chiral limit, it is known that the renormalized $`F_0`$ is just the decay constant of $`\pi `$ mesons: $`F_0=F_\pi `$.

As to the vertex $`V\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }`$, it is the sum of two- and three-point diagrams of quark loops:

$`_{V2\mathrm{\Phi }}=i{\displaystyle \underset{abc}{}}f_{abc}^{(0)}(^2)V_\mu ^{ab}(x)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(x)^\mu \mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(x),`$ (6.21)
where $`^2`$ acts only on the coordinates of $`V_\mu `$. Thus, the effective Lagrangian is $`_{V2\mathrm{\Phi }}+_{4\mathrm{\Phi }}`$. Contracting two $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$s in $`_{V2\mathrm{\Phi }}`$ with any two $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$s in $`_{4\mathrm{\Phi }}`$, and summing over all possible contractions of $`K`$, $`\eta _8`$ and $`\pi `$ (see fig.3(b)), we have

$`S_{\mathrm{TPD}}={\displaystyle \underset{abc}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(pq)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q)q^\mu E_{abc}(p^2)},`$ (6.22)
with

$`E_{122}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`f_{111}^{(0)}(p^2)\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi (p^2)+f_{113}^{(0)}(p^2)\mathrm{\Sigma }_K(p^2)`$ (6.23)
$`E_{132}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`f_{131}^{(0)}(p^2)\mathrm{\Sigma }_{K\pi }(p^2)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(f_{131}^{(0)}(p^2)+2f_{133}^{(0)}(p^2)\right)\mathrm{\Sigma }_K(p^2)`$ (6.24)
$`E_{33c}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`3f_{331}^{(0)}(p^2)\mathrm{\Sigma }_K(p^2)`$ (6.25)
for vertex $`\rho ^+\pi ^0\pi ^{}`$, $`K^+\overline{K}^0\pi ^{}`$ and $`\varphi KK`$ respectively, where

$`\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi (p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{F_0^2p^2}{4\pi ^2F_\pi ^4}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{3p^2}{4F_0^2}}(g^2{\displaystyle \frac{g_A^4}{3\pi ^2}}))[{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda }{6}}+{\displaystyle _0^1}dxx(1x)\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{x(1x)p^2}{m_K^2}}`$ (6.28)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{i}{6}}\mathrm{Arg}(1)\theta (p^24m_\pi ^2)(1{\displaystyle \frac{4m_\pi ^2}{p^2}})^{3/2}]`$
$`\mathrm{\Sigma }_K(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{F_0^2m_K^2}{8\pi ^2F_K^4}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{3p^2}{4F_0^2}}(g^2{\displaystyle \frac{g_A^4}{3\pi ^2}})\right)\left[\lambda (1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{6m_K^2}})+{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑x\left(1x(1x){\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{m_K^2}}\right)\mathrm{ln}\left(1x(1x){\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{m_K^2}}\right)\right]`$ (6.29)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{F_0^2m_K^2}{8\pi ^2F_K^4}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{3p^2}{4F_0^2}}(g^2{\displaystyle \frac{g_A^4}{3\pi ^2}}))[\lambda (1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{6m_K^2}})+{\displaystyle _0^1}dx(1x(1x){\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{m_K^2}})\mathrm{ln}|1x(1x){\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{m_K^2}}|`$ (6.31)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{i}{6}}\mathrm{Arg}(1)\theta (p^24m_K^2){\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{m_K^2}}(1{\displaystyle \frac{4m_K^2}{p^2}})^{3/2}]`$
$`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{K\pi }(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{3F_0^2m_K^2}{16\pi ^2F_K^2F_\pi ^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{3p^2}{4F_0^2}}(g^2{\displaystyle \frac{g_A^4}{3\pi ^2}}))[{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda }{2}}(1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{3m_K^2}})+{\displaystyle _0^1}dx(xx(1x){\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{m_K^2}})\mathrm{ln}|xx(1x){\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{m_K^2}}|`$ (6.33)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{i}{6}}\mathrm{Arg}(1)\theta (p^2(m_\pi +m_K)^2){\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{m_K^2}}(1{\displaystyle \frac{2(m_K^2+m_\pi ^2)}{p^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{(m_Km_\pi )^4}{p^4}})^{3/2}]`$
and

$`\mathrm{Arg}(1)`$ $`=`$ $`(1+2k)\pi ,k=0,\pm 1,\pm 2,\mathrm{},`$ (6.34)
$`\theta (xy)`$ $`=`$ $`\{{\displaystyle \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{1,x>y;}{0,xy.}}`$ (6.35)
Note that $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_K(p^2)`$ has no imaginary part for $`E_{122}(p^2)`$ and $`E_{132}(p^2)`$, while has imaginary part for $`E_{33c}(p^2)`$, because $`m_\rho ,m_K<2m_K`$ while $`m_\varphi >2m_K`$. As we can see, two-point diagrams give an imaginary contribution, which results from propagator of lighter pseudoscalar mesons. In $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi (p^2)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{K\pi }(p^2)`$, we have discarded $`m_\pi `$ in the real part, leaving it in the imaginary part, because it becomes important there. We also have neglected the unimportant difference between $`K`$ and $`\eta _8`$ in $`E_{132}(p^2)`$. There is no $`\eta _8\eta _8`$ loop contribution in $`E_{33c}`$, because it is constrained by space-like condition of external vector mesons.

Considering all chain-like loop diagrams of complex pseudoscalar loops, i.e., $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi `$, $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_{K\pi }`$ and $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_K`$ for $`\rho `$, $`K`$ and $`\varphi `$ decay respectively, we have

$`S_{\mathrm{chain}}={\displaystyle \underset{abc}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}V_\mu ^{ab}(p)\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(pq)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q)q^\mu E_{abc}^{}(p^2)},`$ (6.36)
with

$`E_{122}^{}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`f_{111}^{(0)}(p^2){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi (p^2)}{1\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi (p^2)}}+f_{113}^{(0)}(p^2)\mathrm{\Sigma }_K(p^2)`$ (6.37)
$`E_{132}^{}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`f_{131}^{(0)}(p^2){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Sigma }_{K\pi }(p^2)}{1\mathrm{\Sigma }_{K\pi }(p^2)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(f_{131}^{(0)}(p^2)+2f_{133}^{(0)}(p^2)\right)\mathrm{\Sigma }_K(p^2)`$ (6.38)
$`E_{33c}^{}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`3f_{331}^{(0)}(p^2){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Sigma }_K(p^2)}{1\mathrm{\Sigma }_K(p^2)}}`$ (6.39)
Similar consideration can also be applied to two-point diagram correction to VMD vertex $`\rho \gamma `$. The $`\gamma \mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }`$ vertex (for quark loops see fig.2(a) and (b), with $`V_\mu `$ replaced by $`A_\mu `$) is

$`S_{\gamma \mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }}=e{\displaystyle \underset{abc}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4pd^4q}{(2\pi 2\pi )^4}A_\mu (p)Q^{ab}\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(pq)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q)q^\mu (\frac{F_0^2}{4}f_{abc}^{(0)})}.`$ (6.40)
Combining it with $`S_{\rho \mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }}`$ (see eq. (5.36)), we obtain, after contractions and chain-like approximation, pseudoscalar meson loop diagram correction (see fig.3(e)(f)) to VMD vertex $`\rho \gamma `$

$`S_{\rho \gamma }^{\mathrm{chain}}={\displaystyle \frac{e}{2}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi )^4}\rho _\mu ^0(p)A^\mu (p)E_\gamma ^{}(p^2)},`$ (6.41)
with

$`E_\gamma ^{}(p^2)=8\left({\displaystyle \frac{f_{111}^{(0)}(p^2)}{F_\pi ^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi ^\gamma (p^2)}{1\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi (p^2)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{f_{113}^{(0)}(p^2)}{F_K^2}}\mathrm{\Sigma }_K^\gamma (p^2)\right)`$ (6.42)
where

$`\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi ^\gamma (p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{p^2(F_0^24f_{111}^{(0)}(p^2))}{4\pi ^2F_\pi ^2}}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda }{6}}+{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑xx(1x)\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{x(1x)p^2}{m_K^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{i}{6}}\mathrm{Arg}(1)\theta (p^24m_\pi ^2)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{4m_\pi ^2}{p^2}}\right)^{3/2}\right]`$ (6.43)
$`\mathrm{\Sigma }_K^\gamma (p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{m_K^2(F_0^24f_{113}^{(0)}(p^2))}{8\pi ^2F_K^2}}\left[\lambda \left(1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{6m_K^2}}\right)+{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑x\left(1x(1x){\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{m_K^2}}\right)\mathrm{ln}\left(1x(1x){\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{m_K^2}}\right)\right]`$ (6.44)
## VII Numerical Results

The widths for on-shell decays of vector mesons are determined by

$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\rho e^+e^{}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\pi \alpha _{e.m.}^2}{3}}|\alpha (m_\rho ^2)f_{\rho \gamma }^{(c)}(m_\rho ^2)|^2m_\rho ,`$ (7.1)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\rho \pi \pi }`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{4}{3\pi }}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha (m_\rho ^2)f_{111}^{(\mathrm{c})}(m_\rho ^2,m_\pi ^2,m_\pi ^2)}{gF_\pi ^2}}\right|^2m_\rho \left[14{\displaystyle \frac{m_\pi ^2}{m_\rho ^2}}\right]^{3/2},`$ (7.2)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{K^{}K\pi }`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\pi }}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha (m_K^{}^2)f_{132}^{(\mathrm{c})}(m_K^{}^2,m_K^2,m_\pi ^2)}{\stackrel{~}{g}F_KF_\pi }}\right|^2m_K^{}\left[12{\displaystyle \frac{m_K^2+m_\pi ^2}{m_K^{}^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{(m_K^2m_\pi ^2)^2}{m_K^{}^2}}\right]^{3/2},`$ (7.3)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\varphi KK}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{2}{3\pi }}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha (m_\varphi ^2)f_{331}^{(\mathrm{c})}(m_\varphi ^2,m_K^2,m_K^2)}{\stackrel{~}{g}F_K^2}}\right|^2m_\varphi \left[14{\displaystyle \frac{m_K^2}{m_\varphi ^2}}\right]^{3/2}.`$ (7.4)
where $`f_{\rho \gamma }^{(\mathrm{c})}`$ gets contributions from eq. (5.34), (6.17), and (6.41), and $`f_{abc}^{(\mathrm{c})}`$ gets contributions from eq. (5.32), (6.11), and (6.22):

$`f_{\rho \gamma }^{(\mathrm{c})}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`f_{\rho \gamma }^{(0)}(p^2)(1{\displaystyle \frac{e\lambda m_K^2}{8\pi ^2F_K^2}})+E_\gamma ^{}(p^2)/p^2,`$ (7.5)
$`f_{abc}^{(\mathrm{c})}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2)`$ $`=`$ $`f_{abc}^{(0)}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2)+C_{abc}(p^2)+E_{abc}^{}(p^2).`$ (7.6)
As indicated at the end of Sec.IV, we have included in eq. (7.1) the rescaling factor $`1/\stackrel{~}{g}1/\sqrt{a_22f_1a_1}`$ and the transformation factor $`\alpha (p^2)1+f(p^2)p^2`$ (which are both flavor-dependent) for vector meson, and rescaling factor $`2/F_\pi ,2/F_K`$ for external $`\pi ,K`$ mesons respectively. In last equation for $`\varphi `$ decay, we should distinguish $`m_{K^\pm }`$ from $`m_{K^0}`$ when we consider $`\varphi K^+K^{}`$ and $`\varphi K_L^0K_S^0`$ respectively, because this is important for the difference between the two decay widths.

Here are values of parameters: $`m=460\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}`$ (chiral coupling constant at $`O(p^4)`$, see Appendix A), $`m_s=170\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}`$ (input), $`\kappa =0.5`$ (chiral coupling constant at $`O(p^4)`$), $`\lambda =0.54`$ (Zweig rule), $`g=0.329`$ (KSRF sum rule), $`g_A`$=0.75 ($`\beta `$ decay of neutron), $`F_0=F_\pi =185\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}`$, $`F_K=226\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}`$, $`m_\pi =140\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}`$, $`m_{K^\pm }=494\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}`$, $`m_{K^0}=497.6\mathrm{MeV}`$, $`m_\rho =769\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}`$, $`m_K^{}=892\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}`$, $`m_\varphi =1019\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}`$. The numerical results are listed in Table 1.

As we can see, the results after resummation differ large from the leading-order ones, which shows that momentum expansion converges slowly. Therefore, study at the leading order or the next order of momentum expansion is very incomplete. Resummation is necessary here. Moreover, loop corrections of pseudoscalar mesons, which are next to the leading order of $`N_c`$ expansion, play an important role, especially for SU(2) sector.

## VIII unitarity and large $`N_c`$ expansion

Unitarity condition of $`S`$-matrix, or optical theorem,

$`\mathrm{Im}𝒯_{\beta ,\alpha }={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle \underset{\mathrm{all}\gamma }{}}𝒯_{\gamma ,\alpha }𝒯_{\gamma ,\beta }^{},`$ (8.1)
has to be satisfied for any well-defined quantum field theory, where the $`𝒯_{\beta ,\alpha }`$ is transition amplitude from state $`\alpha `$ to state $`\beta `$, and $`\gamma `$ denotes all possible intermediate states on mass shells. It is well-known that a low energy effective meson theory should be a well-defined perturbative theory in $`N_c^1`$ expansion. Therefore, we can expand $`𝒯`$-matrix in powers of $`N_c^1`$,

$`𝒯={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}𝒯_n,𝒯_nO((N_c^{\frac{1}{2}})^n).`$ (8.2)
Then the unitarity condition of $`S`$-matrix for a low energy effective meson theory has to satisfied order by order in powers of $`N_c^1`$,

$`\mathrm{Im}(𝒯_{\beta ,\alpha })_n={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle \underset{\mathrm{all}\gamma (\mathrm{m}\mathrm{n})}{}}(𝒯_{\gamma ,\alpha })_m(𝒯_{\gamma ,\beta }^{})_{nm}.`$ (8.3)
Now turn to the unitarity condition of $`S`$-matrix in the effective meson field theory deduced from ChQM. First, from effective action $`S_n`$ we can see that every vertex is of $`O(N_c)`$. From eq.(4.10) it can be showed that $`gO(\sqrt{N_c})`$. Moreover, eq.(3.9) shows that there is a term $`(F_\pi ^2/16)d^4x<_\mu U^\mu U^{}>`$ (after renormalized) in $`S_2`$, which means that $`F_\pi O(\sqrt{N_c})`$. Because vector meson $`V`$ and pseudoscalar meson $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ should be rescaled through $`VV/g`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }/F_\pi `$ respectively, there is no difference between them as far as power counting about $`N_c`$ is concerned. In what follows, the word ”meson” means vector or pseudoscalar meson if not indicated. So in any Feynman diagram every external meson line is of $`O(1/\sqrt{N_c})`$ and every internal meson line is of $`O(1/N_c)`$. Therefore, any transition amplitudes with $`n_V`$ vertex, $`n_e`$ external meson lines, $`n_i`$ internal meson lines and $`n_l`$ loops of mesons are of order

$`N_c^{1n_ln_e/2}=(N_c^{\frac{1}{2}})^{2n_l+n_e2},`$ (8.4)
where relation $`n_l=n_in__V+1`$ has been used.

Now consider transition amplitude from $`n`$ mesons state $`\{\alpha _1,\alpha _2,\mathrm{},\alpha _n\}`$ to $`k`$ mesons state $`\{\beta _1,\beta _2,\mathrm{},\beta _k\}`$. Assuming $`\gamma `$ is $`s`$ mesons state $`\{\gamma _1,\gamma _2,\mathrm{},\gamma _s\}`$, and using the power counting rule (8.4), eq.(8.3) can be written

$`\mathrm{Im}(𝒯_{\beta ,\alpha })_{(2n_l+k+n2)}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle \underset{\mathrm{all}\gamma (s)}{}}(𝒯_{\gamma ,\alpha })_{(2n_l^{}+s+n2)}(𝒯_{\gamma ,\beta }^{})_{(2n_l^{\prime \prime }+s+k2)},`$ (8.5)
where $`n_l`$, $`n_l^{}`$ and $`n_l^{\prime \prime }`$ are meson loop numbers of transition amplitude $`𝒯_{\beta ,\alpha }`$, $`𝒯_{\gamma ,\alpha }`$ and $`𝒯_{\gamma ,\beta }`$ respectively. Both side of eq. (8.5) should be of the same order, thus

$`n_l^{}+n_l^{\prime \prime }+s=1+n_l.`$ (8.6)
At the leading order of transition $`\alpha \beta `$, we have $`n_l=0`$, so $`n_l^{}=n_l^{\prime \prime }=0`$ and $`s=1`$. It means that when summing over states $`\gamma `$ in eq. (8.5), only one meson state should be included.

What interests us is meson decay, i.e., $`\alpha `$ is one meson state and $`n=1`$. Then $`s=1`$ indicates that only solution $`\gamma =\alpha `$ is allowed at the leading order. However, for $`n_l^{}=0`$, $`(𝒯_{\alpha ,\alpha })_00`$, since meson fields are free point-particle at limit $`N_c\mathrm{}`$. Therefore, we have proved a theorem that on-shell transition amplitude from one meson state to any many mesons state must be real at leading order of $`N_c^1`$ expansion,

$`\mathrm{Im}(𝒯_{\beta ,\alpha }^{(0)})_{(k1)}=0,`$ (8.7)
where the superscript $`(0)`$ denotes leading order.

In the following we shall explicitly examine eq. (8.1) in forward scattering of $`\rho `$meson up to two-loop level of mesons. The examination of other processes can be performed similarly. For the case $`\alpha =\beta =\rho `$, $`<\gamma |=<\pi \pi |`$ is dominant. Then for forward scattering of $`\rho `$-meson, eq. (8.1) becomes

$`{\displaystyle \frac{2}{(2\pi )^4}}\mathrm{Im}𝒯_{\rho ,\rho }=\mathrm{\Gamma }(\rho \pi \pi )={\displaystyle \frac{4}{3\pi }}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha (m_\rho ^2)f_{111}^{(\mathrm{c})}(m_\rho ^2,m_\pi ^2,m_\pi ^2)}{gF_\pi ^2}}\right]^2m_\rho \left[14{\displaystyle \frac{m_\pi ^2}{m_\rho ^2}}\right]^{3/2},`$ (8.8)
and the expansions of $`𝒯_{\rho ,\rho }`$ and $`f_{111}^{(c)}`$ are

$`𝒯_{\rho ,\rho }={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}(𝒯_{\rho ,\rho })_{2n},f_{111}^{(c)}={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}(f_{111}^{(c)})_{2n+1}.`$ (8.9)
At the leading order, Im$`(𝒯_{\rho ,\rho })_0=0`$ is obviously satisfied. To obtain the imaginary part of $`(𝒯_{\rho ,\rho })_2`$, we need to calculate meson loop correction in fig. 5. The calculations are similar to those in Sect. VI, and the result is

$`_{\rho \rho }^{1loop}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi )^4}e^{ipx}[\alpha (p^2)]^2\frac{64}{g^2}\left\{\frac{[f_{111}^{(0)}(p^2)]^2}{F_\pi ^4}\frac{\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi ^{(0)}(p^2)}{1+\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi ^{(0)}(p^2)}\frac{[f_{113}^{(0)}(p^2)]^2}{F_K^4p^2}m_K^2\mathrm{\Sigma }_K^{(0)}(p^2)\right\}}`$ (8.10)
$`(g_{\mu \nu }p^2p_\mu p_\nu )\rho _i^\mu (p)\rho _i^\nu (x),`$ (8.11)
where

$`\mathrm{\Sigma }_\pi ^{(0)}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8\pi ^2}}\{{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda }{6}}+{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑xx(1x)\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{x(1x)p^2}{m_K^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{i}{6}}Arg(1)\theta (p^24m_\pi ^2)(1{\displaystyle \frac{4m_\pi ^2}{p^2}})^{3/2}\},`$ (8.12)
$`\mathrm{\Sigma }_K^{(0)}(p^2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16\pi ^2}}\{\lambda (1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2}{6m_K^2}})+{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑x(1{\displaystyle \frac{x(1x)p^2}{m_K^2}})\mathrm{ln}(1{\displaystyle \frac{x(1x)p^2}{m_K^2}})\}.`$ (8.13)
Taking $`Arg(1)=\pi `$, we obtain

$`{\displaystyle \frac{2}{(2\pi )^4}}\mathrm{Im}(𝒯_{\rho ,\rho })_2={\displaystyle \frac{4}{3\pi }}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha (m_\rho ^2)f_{111}^{(0)}(m_\rho ^2,m_\pi ^2,m_\pi ^2)}{gF_\pi ^2}}\right]^2m_\rho \left[14{\displaystyle \frac{m_\pi ^2}{m_\rho ^2}}\right]^{3/2}.`$ (8.14)
Noting that $`(f_{111}^{(c)})_1=f_{111}^{(0)}`$, we can see the eq. (8.8) is satisfied at the next to leading order.

If the two-loop diagrams and three-loop diagrams are further considered, we can prove the eq. (8.8) is satisfied up to $`O(N_c^3)`$. The details of calculation are omitted here.

## IX determination of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$

In the Section above, the unitarity of the effective meson theory reduced from ChQM in terms of resummation calculations has been investigated. By using optical theorem and large-$`N_c`$ expansion, a theorem has been proved in framework of ChQM and at the leading order of $`N_c^1`$ expansion that the on-shell transition amplitude $`𝒯_{\beta ,\alpha }^{(0)}`$ (superscript (0) denotes leading order of $`N_c^1`$ expansion) must be real for transition from one meson state $`\alpha `$ to any many mesons state $`\beta `$, i.e.,

$`\mathrm{Im}(𝒯_{\beta ,\alpha }^{(0)})=0,`$ (9.1)
which, as we shall see, represents a nontrivial restriction on the theory by the unitarity of $`S`$-matrix.

It is easy to see that, for $`\alpha =\beta =V`$ or $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$, we have

$`\mathrm{Im}𝒯_{V,V}^{(0)}=0,\mathrm{Im}𝒯_{\mathrm{\Phi },\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(0)}=0.`$ (9.2)
which satisfies the requirement of eq. (9.1). Next, we examine $`\mathrm{Im}𝒯_{\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi },V}^{(0)}`$. To calculate transition amplitude from one vector meson state ($`\alpha =V`$) to two pseudoscalar mesons state ($`\beta =\{\mathrm{\Phi },\mathrm{\Phi }`$}), we need Feynman rules (see fig. 6) for vertex $`V\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi }`$, which can be read from action (5.32) of the effective theory, and this is at the leading order of $`N_c^1`$ expansion.

We like to address that, being compared with ordinary quantum field theories such as QED, QCD or $`\varphi ^4`$-theory, the vertex function of our effective meson theory is much more complicated. Especially, there are two objects in it (see eq. (5.3), (5.9) and (5.19)),

$$\mathrm{ln}\frac{D_1^{ab}}{m^2}=\mathrm{ln}\frac{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}{m^2}+\mathrm{ln}\left(1\frac{p^2x(1x)}{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}\right),$$

$$\mathrm{ln}\frac{D_2^{abc}}{m^2}=\mathrm{ln}\frac{M_a^2x(1y)+M_b^2(1x)+M_c^2xy}{m^2}+\mathrm{ln}\left(1\frac{p^2x(1x)(1y)+q_1^2xy(1x)+q_2^2x^2y(1y)}{M_a^2x(1y)+M_b^2(1x)+M_c^2xy}\right).$$

There is no such kind of logarithm terms in the Feynman rules of ordinary fundamental quantum field theories, even in other kinds of effective theories. This is a remarkably new feature. These two logarithm terms result directly from resummation calculation and they reflect non-perturbative effects, as should be emphasized. There is no such kind of structure in any $`O(p^4)`$-, or $`O(p^6)`$-effective meson theories.

Using the Feynman rule Fig.(6), we get transition amplitude for $`V2\mathrm{\Phi }`$ at the leading order of $`N_c^1`$ expansion as follows

$`𝒯_{\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi },V}^{(0)}<\mathrm{\Phi }^{bc}(q_1)\mathrm{\Phi }^{ca}(q_2)|𝒯^{(0)}|V^{ab}(p,\lambda )>=(2\pi )^4\delta ^4(pq_1q_2)q_2^\mu ϵ_\mu ^\lambda f_{abc}^{(0)}(p^2,q_1^2,q_2^2).`$ (9.3)
where $`ϵ_\mu ^\lambda `$ is the polarization vector of the vector meson $`V^{ab}(p,\lambda )`$. Then, the imaginary part of $`𝒯_{\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi },V}^{(0)}`$ reads

$`\mathrm{Im}𝒯_{\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi },V}^{(0)}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑xf(x,p)\mathrm{Im}\left[\mathrm{ln}\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2x(1x)}{M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2x}}\right)\right]`$ (9.4)
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑x{\displaystyle _0^1}𝑑yg(x,y,p,q_1,q_2)\mathrm{Im}\left[\mathrm{ln}\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{p^2x(1x)(1y)+q_1^2xy(1x)+q_2^2x^2y(1y)}{M_a^2x(1y)+M_b^2(1x)+M_c^2xy}}\right)\right]`$ (9.5)
where $`f(x,p)`$ and $`g(x,y,p,q_1,q_2)`$ are definite real functions. From theorem (9.1), $`\mathrm{Im}𝒯_{\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{\Phi },V}^{(0)}`$ has been required to be 0, otherwise, the unitarity of the theory will be broken down. Consequently, we have

$$D_1^{ab}(p^2)M_a^2(1x)+M_b^2xp^2x(1x)>0,(0x1),$$

and

$$D_2^{abc}M_a^2x(1y)+M_b^2(1x)+M_c^2xyp^2x(1x)(1y)q_1^2xy(1x)q_2^2x^2y(1y)>0,(0x,y1).$$

This will lead to a restriction on the range of $`p^2`$. The former inequality will hold in domain $`0x1`$ if

$$M_{V^{ab}}=\sqrt{p^2}M_a+M_b.$$

As to the latter, the right side of it has no stationary point in $`xy`$ plane, therefore this inequality holding in the square domain is equivalent to it holding at boundary of the square, which gives

$$\{\begin{array}{c}M_{V^{ab}}=\sqrt{p^2}M_a+M_b,\\ M_{\mathrm{\Phi }^{ab}}=\sqrt{q^2}M_a+M_b.\end{array}$$

Because $`M_{\mathrm{\Phi }^{ab}}<M_{V^{ab}}`$, we see that the second condition is satisfied if the first one does. Therefore we conclude that the necessary condition for the effective theory to be unitary is

$`M_{V^{ab}}=\sqrt{p^2}2m+m_a+m_b\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab}.`$ (9.6)
where $`M_a=m+m_a(a=u,d,s)`$ have been used.

Specifically, setting $`(ab)=(ud)`$ (i.e., $`V^{ab}=\rho `$, $`M_{V^{ab}}=m_\rho `$) and $`m_u=m_d=0`$ in eq.(9.6), we see that, in ChQM with $`\rho `$ meson resonances, the unitarity of $`S`$-matrix requires mass of constituent quark $`mm_\rho /2`$. In fact, this requirement is ensured in ChQM by $`m460`$MeV obtained by fitting the low energy limit of the model (see Appendix A). For $`V=K^{}(892)`$ and $`\varphi (1020)`$ cases, $`m_s170MeV`$ have to be taken into account, and the corresponding unitarity conditions are $`m(m_K^{}m_s)/2`$ and $`m(m_\varphi 2m_s)/2`$ respectively. They are also satisfied by taking $`m460`$MeV.

In the above discussions, we have actually revealed an important fact that $`\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab}2m+m_a+m_b`$ is a critical energy scale in the effective meson theory of ChQM. As $`\sqrt{p^2}`$ is below $`\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab}`$, the $`S`$-matrices yielded from the Feynman rules of the meson theory are unitary, while as $`\sqrt{p^2}`$ is above this scale, the unitarity of the meson theory will be broken down. This fact indicates that the well-defined effective quantum field theory describing the meson physics in the framework of ChQM exists only as the typical energies are below $`\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab}`$. When energy is above $`\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab}`$, the effective meson-Lagrangian description of the dynamics is illegal in principle because the unitarity fails. This is precisely a critical phenomenon, or quantum phase transition in quantum field theory, which is caused by quantum fluctuations in the system. Recalling the meaning of the scale $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ of chiral symmetry spontaneously broking in QCD, we can see that $`\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab}`$ play the same role as $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$. Then, in the framework of ChQM we have

$$\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}=\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab}2m+m_a+m_b.$$
(9.7)
It is essential here that $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ is flavor-dependent. Numerically, for $`ud`$-flavor system (e.g.,$`\pi \rho \omega `$ physics),

$$\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}(ud)2m=920MeV,$$
(9.8)
for$`u(d)s`$-flavor system (e.g., $`KK^{}`$ physics),

$$\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}(u(d)s)2m+m_s=1090MeV,$$
(9.9)
for $`\overline{s}s`$ case (e.g., $`\varphi `$-physics),

$$\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}(ss)2(m+m_s)=1260MeV.$$
(9.10)
Since $`m_\rho <\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}(ud)`$,$`m_K^{}<\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}(u(d)s)`$ and $`m_\varphi <\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}(ss)`$, the effective meson field theory derived by resummation derivation in ChQM in this paper is unitary. And the low energy expansions of $`p`$ are legitimate and convergent due to $`p^2/\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}^2<1`$. It means that all light flavor vector meson resonances can be included in ChQM model consistently. It is remarkable that the quantum phase transitions in ChQM can be explored successfully in resummation derivation method, and the corresponding critical scales are determined analytically.

In ref., $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ has been estimated by comparing $`𝒪(p^2)`$ contributions to $`𝒪(p^4)`$’s for $`\pi \pi `$ scattering process, and it has been shown that $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ is around $`2\pi F_\pi 1.2GeV`$. However, the quantum phase transitions in ChQM were not explored in ref., and the existence of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ is a prior hypothesis there. Therefore the studies on determination of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ in this present paper is significantly different from ones in , even though the numerical values of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ both in  and in this paper are closing.

## X Summary and Discussion

In this paper, starting from the chiral constituent quark model with the lowest vector meson resonances we have achieved resummation studies on the processes of $`\rho \pi \pi `$, $`\rho ^0e^+e^{}`$, $`K^{}K\pi `$, $`\varphi K^+K^{}`$ and $`\varphi K_L^0K_S^0`$, and the results are in good agreement with the data. The error is less than $`17\%`$. In our calculations, all chiral expansion (or $`p`$-expansion) terms have been included, and analytic expressions for decay widthes of these processes are obtained. Distinguishing from the ChQM-effective Lagrangian derivations existed in the literature, we have calculated not only the quark loops, but also the Goldstone boson loops at one-loop level. Thus, besides the contributions of leading order of $`1/N_c`$-expansion, ones due to the next to the leading order of $`1/N_c`$ have also been taken into account. The logarithmic divergence due to quark loops and the quadratic divergence due to meson loops have been absorbed by the parameters $`g`$ and $`\lambda `$ respectively, while the values of $`g`$ and $`\lambda `$ are determined by the KSRF sum rule and by the Zweig rule forbidden to $`\varphi \pi \pi `$ respectively. The fact that this QCD-inspired parametrization leads to the reasonable results indicates that both the model employed by us and the derivations in this paper are legitimate and consistent.

In the Introduction, we have addressed the resummation studies are necessary for the vector meson resonance physics because it is related to the question whether the chiral dynamical description is legitimate or not. The success of such studies achieved in this paper provides a meaningful evidence that the chiral Lagrangian method wokes at this energy region. This is one of the main conclusions of this paper. It should be addressed again that this conclusion can not be reached from any so called $`O(p^4)`$\- or $`O(p^6)`$-studies on any chiral Lagrangian theories or models with vector meson resonances. Actually, any predictions coming from a chiral Lagrangian with only few terms in chiral expansion in this energy region are not reliable. In the TABLE I, we have shown that the contributions coming from high-order terms of $`p`$-expansion are important. It implies that the feasibility to evaluate high order contribution of momentum expansion has to be ensured for any practically working effective meson theories with vector meson resonances. In addition we have also point out in the Introduction that the contributions of the next to leading order in $`1/N_c`$-expansion have also to be considered, otherwise the loop calculations will be incomplete. Our calculations show that the situation is as expected indeed. The next to leading order contributions in the expansion of $`1/N_c`$ makes the predictions more closing to the data significantly (see TABLE I).

The unitarity of the effective meson theory including all $`p`$-expansion terms deduced from ChQM has been investigated by means of the optic theorem and $`1/N_c`$ expansion argument in QCD. It has been found that the necessary condition for the unitarity of the theory is the momentum $`p`$ of vector meson $`V^{ab}`$ satisfies $`\sqrt{p^2}<\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab}2m+m_a+m_b`$, otherwise, as $`\sqrt{p^2}`$ is above $`\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab}`$, the unitarity will be broken down. Then, we conclude that the chiral symmetry spontaneously breaking scale $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}=\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab}`$. It is clear that this represents an explicit study on a quantum critical phenomenon. Actually, we are working in order phase (or meson field phase), i.e., the order parameter is constituent quark mass $`m0`$, dynamical quantum field freedoms are meson fields and the quantum fluctuation parameter is $`𝒢=p^2/(\mathrm{\Lambda }^{ab})^2`$. And then we revealed that the critic point is $`𝒢_c=1`$. Obviously, our method to study CSSB is significantly different from ones in where the gap equation (or Schwinger-Dyson equation) is used for understanding CSSB.

An important feature of this result is that $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}`$ in ChQM is flavor-dependent, i.e., $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}(ud)\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}((ud)s)\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}(ss)`$. This result should be interesting and meaningful in physics because the critical energy scale is one of quantities to characterize the intrinsic properties of the physical system, and hence it should be dependent of the contents on the system. Furthermore, that $`m_\rho <\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}(ud)`$, $`m_K^{}<\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}((ud)s)`$ and $`m_\varphi <\mathrm{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{CSSB}}(ss)`$ indicates that the studies on the vector meson decays presented in this paper in the chiral effective meson field theory of ChQM are legitimate and self-consistent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work is partially supported by NSF of China 90103002.

## A Low energy limit

It is well known that, at very low energy, ChPT is a rigorous consequence of the symmetry pattern of QCD and its spontaneous breaking. Therefore the low energy limit of any models concerning meson resonances must match with ChPT. The low energy limit of ChQM model can be obtained via integrating over vector meson resonances. It means that, at very low energy, the dynamics of vector mesons are replaced by pseudoscalar meson fields. Since there are no interaction of vector mesons at $`O(p^2)`$, at very low energy, the equation of motion $`\delta /\delta V_\mu =0`$ yields classical solution for vector mesons

$$V_\mu =\frac{1}{m__V^2}\times \mathrm{terms}\mathrm{of}O(p^3),$$
(1.1)
where $`p`$ is momentum of pseudoscalar at very low energy. Therefore, in effective action $`S_n`$, the terms involving vector meson resonances are $`O(p^6)`$ at very low energy and do not contribute to $`O(p^4)`$ low energy coupling constants, $`L_i(i=1,2,\mathrm{},10)`$. The low energy coupling constants $`L_i(i7)`$ yielded by ChQM model can be directly obtained from effective actions resulted from quark loop,

$`L_1`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}L_2={\displaystyle \frac{1}{128\pi ^2}},L_3={\displaystyle \frac{3}{64\pi ^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{64\pi ^2}}g_A^4,`$ (1.2)
$`L_4`$ $`=`$ $`L_6=0,L_5={\displaystyle \frac{3m}{32\pi ^2B_0}}g_A^2,`$ (1.3)
$`L_8`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{F_0^2}{128B_0m}}(3\kappa ^2)+{\displaystyle \frac{3m}{64\pi ^2B_0}}({\displaystyle \frac{m}{B_0}}\kappa g_A{\displaystyle \frac{g_A^2}{2}}{\displaystyle \frac{B_0}{6m}}g_A^2)+{\displaystyle \frac{L_5}{2}},`$ (1.4)
$`L_9`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{16\pi ^2}},L_{10}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{16\pi ^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{32\pi ^2}}g_A^2.`$ (1.5)
In fact, the above expression on $`L_i`$ have been obtained in some previous refs. (besides of $`L_8`$).

The constants $`L_7`$ has been known to get dominant contribution from $`\eta _0`$ and this contribution is suppressed by $`1/N_c`$. If we ignore the $`\eta \eta ^{}`$ mixing, we have

$$L_7=\frac{f_\pi ^2}{128m_\eta ^{}^2}.$$
(1.6)
Thus six free parameters, $`g`$ (fitted by KSRF sum rule), $`g__A`$ (fitted by $`npe^{}\overline{\nu }_e`$ decay), $`B_0`$, $`\kappa `$, $`m`$ and $`m_\eta ^{}`$ determine all ten low energy coupling constants of ChPT. It reflects the dynamics constrains between those low energy coupling constants. Moreover, if we take $`m_u+m_d11`$MeV, we can obtain $`B_0=\frac{m_\pi ^2}{m_u+m_d}1.8`$GeV. Then experimental values of $`L_5`$ constrains constituent quark mass $`m460`$MeV. Setting $`F_0=F_\pi `$ and using $`L_8`$ as input, we find that $`\kappa 0.5`$. The numerical results for these low energy constants are in table II.

## B cancellation of quadratic divergence of meson loops

From calculations in Sect. VI, we can find that only quadratic divergence appears in one-loop contribution of pseudoscalar mesons. Since the present model is a non-renormalizable effective theory, the divergences have to be factorized, i.e., the parameter $`\lambda `$ has to be determined phenomenologically.

The on-shell decay $`\varphi \pi \pi `$ is forbidden by $`G`$ parity conservation and Zweig rule. Experiment also show that branching ratios of this decay is very small, $`B(\varphi \pi \pi )=(8\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{+5}{4})\times 10^5`$. Theoretically, this decay can occur through photon-exchange or $`K`$-loop (fig.5). The latter two diagrams yield non-zero imaginary part of decay amplitude. Thus the real part yielded by the latter two diagrams must be very small. We can determine $`\lambda `$ due to this requirement. From the calculation in the above two subsection, we see that result yielded by the latter two diagrams is proportional to a factor

$$\lambda (\frac{p^2}{6}m__K^2)_0^1𝑑x[m__K^2x(1x)p^2]\mathrm{ln}(1\frac{x(1x)p^2}{m__K^2}).$$
(2.1)
Then Zweig rule requires

$$\left\{\lambda (\frac{p^2}{6}m__K^2)\mathrm{Re}_0^1𝑑x[m__K^2x(1x)p^2]\mathrm{ln}(1\frac{x(1x)p^2}{m__K^2})\right\}|_{p^2=m_\varphi ^2}0.$$
(2.2)
Form the above equation, we obtain $`\lambda 0.54`$.