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# Model independent radiative corrections in processes of polarized electron-nucleon elastic scattering

## I Introduction

Precise polarization measurements of nucleon form factors in electron scattering is an essential component of new-generation electron accelerators such as CEBAF. This unprecedented precision requires knowledge of higher-order electromagnetic effects at a per-cent level. The purpose of our work is to analyze radiative corrections in elastic electron proton scattering and develop proper computational techniques that could be used in experiments at Jefferson and other electron accelerator labs.

The large statistics obtained in the experiments at CEBAF  requires adequate taking into account radiative effects.

Both spin averaged and spin dependent parts of the cross section ($`\sigma ^u`$ and $`\sigma ^p`$) can be presented as

$$\sigma _{obs}^{u,p}=(1+\delta )\sigma _0^{u,p}+\sigma _R^{u,p}.$$
(1)
Both the factorized correction $`\delta `$ and unfactorized cross section coming from bremsstrahlung process contribute to cross section. When polarization asymmetries of elastic processes are considered, the factorized part of total RC has tendency to cancel but unfactorized part can give important contribution. This is the reason why we pay special attention to the effects which have different contributions to polarized and unpolarized parts of elastic cross section, namely

* A contribution of hard radiation. Its contribution is restricted by using of kinematical cuts on deviation from energy-momentum conservation.
* A higher order correction, which contribute to the polarization asymmetry (due to unfactorized effects) even at the leading order.
* A contribution of box-type diagrams which are a typical example of the unfactorized correction.

First and second correction are so-called model independent RC. They do not depend on any assumptions on nuclear interactions. In our case it means that model independent correction can be written in terms of elastic nucleon formfactors. The third correction is model dependent because it requires the consideration of two–photon exchange graphs, which cannot be calculated without any additional assumptions. Its calculation in the soft photon approximation, which gives identical corrections to both polarized and unpolarized parts of the cross sections, was done in refs..

A modern approach of solving the task on RC calculation assumes the exact calculation of the lowest order model independent correction. The task can be solved exactly. Uncertainties of the model independent RC can come only from fits and models used for structure functions. The second order model independent correction also can be performed exactly, however usually it leads to cumbersome or lengthy formulae, and realistic approximations are preferred. In this case there is an additional uncertainty coming from using approximate formulae instead of exact ones. The calculation of model dependent correction requires additional assumptions about hadron interaction, so it has additional pure theoretical uncertainties, which are hardly controlled. So usually only those model dependent correction are considered, which are expected to strongly influence extracted observable quantities. In our case such a correction is box-type graphs.

There are two basic methods of calculation of model independent QED radiative correction. First one is connected with introducing of an artificial parameter separating the momentum phase space into soft and hard parts. One can find a classical review introducing this formalism in ref.. However the presence of the artificial parameter is a disadvantage of this method. For the soft photon part the calculation is performed in soft photon approximation, when its energy is considered to be small with respect all momenta and masses in the task. So this parameter should be chosen as small as possible to reduce the region evaluated approximately. However it cannot be chosen too small because numerical instabilities of hard part calculation can occur. In the end of seventies Bardin and Shumeiko developed an approach  of extraction and cancellation of infrared divergence without introducing this artificial parameter ***Toll for that is non-positively defined hard photon contribution, which can lead to difficulties for MC generation see . In this paper detailed comparison of explicit formulae obtained within two considered approaches is given for the case of deep inelastic scattering.. Later a lot of calculations were performed within this approach and a lot of FORTRAN codes created to deal with numerical calculations. The most known of them are TERAD and POLRAD. The detailed review of the approach is presented in ref.. In this paper we use this approach to calculate the RC of the lowest order to transferred polarization and asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering. The method allows to calculate the correction exactly. However we will neglect the lepton mass $`m`$ everywhere where it is possible.

The observed cross section of the process

$$e(k_1)+N(p)e^{}(k_2)+N(p_2),$$
(2)
is described by one non-trivial variable, which is usually chosen to be squared of momentum transferred. There are two ways to reconstruct the variables, when both lepton and nucleon final momenta are measured. In the first case it will be denoted as $`Q_l^2=(k_1k_2)^2`$, and for second case it is $`Q_h^2=(p_2p)^2`$. It is clear that there is no difference between these definition at the Born level. However at the level of RC the symmetry is breaking because the radiation of the lepton is considered only. We consider both cases in this paper. In the first case the structure of bremsstrahlung cross section looks like

$$\frac{d\sigma }{dQ_l^2}\alpha ^3\frac{d^3k}{k_0}𝒦^2(Q_h^2)𝒜$$
(3)
where $`𝒦`$ is a kinematical coefficient calculatable exactly in the lowest order. It depends on photon variables. $`^2`$ is a bilinear combination of nucleon formfactors dependent on $`Q_h^2`$ only, which is function of photon momentum. Usually only final momenta are measured in the part of the space. It is controlled by function of acceptance $`𝒜`$, which is 1 or 0 in depending whether the final particles make it in detectors or not. The integral (3) should not be analytically calculated for two reasons. The first one is dependence of formfactors on $`Q_h^2`$. We avoid to use some specific model for them. The second one is acceptance usually very complicated function of kinematical variable dependent on photon momentum.

For the second version of reconstruction of transfer momentum squared the structure of the cross section is

$$\frac{d\sigma }{dQ_h^2}\alpha ^3^2(Q_h^2)\frac{d^3k}{k_0}𝒦𝒜$$
(4)
In this case the squared formfactor is not dependent on photon momentum and for 4$`\pi `$ kinematics ($`𝒜=1`$) this integral can be calculated analytically. In the experimental conditions at JLab , both final electron and proton were detected in order to reduce background. However elastic scattering kinematics was restored by the final proton kinematics, while electron momentum was integrated over. Therefore, formalism related with Eq.(4) applies for this case.

The calculation of RC to the asymmetry in measurement of recoil proton for leading and next-to-leading levels was done within the method of structure functions . This method was chosen because it allows to take into account the higher order correction simultaneously with enough accuracy of the lowest order RC. However only the case of measurement of final lepton was considered there. The traditional calculation based on a covariant method of infrared divergence cancellation is performed for the two experimental measurements of polarization observables:

* measurement of polarization asymmetry within leptonic variables;
* measurement of asymmetry in recoil proton within hadronic variables.

This approach allows to take into account the lowest order RC exactly and to calculate RC within experimental cuts. The treatment of the box-type correction and their influence on transferred polarization requires different methods and will be a subject of a separate investigation.

## II Kinematics and Born process

The Born cross section of the process (2) can be written in the form

$$d\sigma _0=\frac{M_0^2}{4pk_1}d\mathrm{\Gamma }_0=M_0^2\frac{dQ^2}{16\pi S^2},$$
(5)
where $`S=2k_1p`$. Kinematical limits for $`Q^2`$ are defined as

$$0Q^2\frac{\lambda _s}{S+m^2+M^2},\lambda _s=S^24m^2M^2,$$
(6)
where ($`m,M`$ are the electron and proton masses). Due to axial symmetry the integration over azimuthal angle $`\varphi `$ can be performed analytically. However in our case kinematical cuts are dependent on this angle so we will consider two-dimensional Born cross section

$$d\sigma _0=\frac{M_0^2}{4pk_1}d\mathrm{\Gamma }_0=M_0^2\frac{dQ^2d\varphi }{32\pi ^2S^2}$$
(7)
Born matrix element is

$$M^2=\frac{e^4}{Q^4}L_{\mu \nu }^0W_{\mu \nu }$$
(8)
We use standard definitions for (unpolarized) leptonic tensor and for hadronic tensor

$$W_{\mu \nu }^u=\underset{i}{}w_{\mu \nu }^i_i$$
(9)
with

$$w_{\mu \nu }^1=g_{\mu \nu },w_{\mu \nu }^2=\frac{p_\mu p_\nu }{M^2}$$
(10)
and $`\tau _p=Q^2/4M^2`$,

$$_1=4\tau _pM^2G_M^2,_2=4M^2\frac{G_E^2+\tau _pG_M^2}{1+\tau _p}$$
(11)
It is convenient to define the contractions

$`2\theta _B^1`$ $`=`$ $`L_{\mu \nu }^0w_{\mu \nu }^1=2Q^2,`$ (12)
$`2\theta _B^2`$ $`=`$ $`L_{\mu \nu }^0w_{\mu \nu }^2={\displaystyle \frac{1}{M^2}}(S(SQ^2)M^2Q^2).`$ (13)
As a result for the Born cross section we have well known formula

$$\frac{d\sigma _0}{dQ^2}=\frac{2\pi \alpha ^2}{S^2Q^4}\underset{i}{}\theta _B^i_i,$$
(14)
which is reduced to

$$\frac{d\sigma _0}{dQ^2}\frac{4\pi \alpha ^2}{Q^4}\frac{G_E^2+\tau _pG_M^2}{1+\tau _p}$$
(15)
in ultrarelativistic approximation.

### A Polarized part of cross section

We consider two polarization measurements:

1. Initial proton is polarized and final electron is measured to reconstruct $`Q^2`$. In this case there are four experimental situations for asymmetry definition: target is polarized along (perpendicular) to beam or $`\stackrel{}{q}`$ ($`q=p_2p`$). Corresponding polarization 4-vectors are denoted as $`\eta _L`$ ($`\eta _T`$) or $`\eta _L^q`$ ($`\eta _T^q`$).
2. Polarization and momentum of final proton are measured. Two polarization states should be considered: final proton is polarized along ($`\eta _L^{}`$) and perpendicular ($`\eta _T^{}`$) to $`\stackrel{}{q}`$.

If the polarization vector is kept in a general form the polarization part of hadronic vector can be presented in the form

$$W_{\mu \nu }^p=\underset{i=3}{\overset{4}{}}w_{\mu \nu }^i_i$$
(16)
with

$$w_{\mu \nu }^3=iϵ_{\mu \nu \lambda \sigma }\frac{q_\lambda \eta _\sigma }{M},w_{\mu \nu }^4=iϵ_{\mu \nu \lambda \sigma }\frac{q_\lambda p_\sigma \eta q}{M^3}.$$
(17)
For the consideration of the case of initial polarized particles we have to choose the corresponding representation for the polarization vector and structure functions in the form

$$_3=2M^2G_EG_M,_4=M^2G_M\frac{G_EG_M}{1+\tau _p},$$
(18)
when the total hadronic tensor $`W_{\mu \nu }=W_{\mu \nu }^u+W_{\mu \nu }^p`$. In the case of consideration of final polarization states ($`\eta \eta ^{}`$) the same formulae for structure functions (18) but different sign for the last one ($`_4_4)`$.

The 4–vector polarization $`\eta `$ can be expressed in terms of 4–momentum of particles in reaction. The four considered cases correspond to four representations of polarizations vectors

$`\eta _L`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{\lambda _s}}}\left(k_1{\displaystyle \frac{S}{M}}p\right),`$ (19)
$`\eta _T`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{\lambda _s\lambda }}}((SX+2M^2Q^2+4m^2M^2))k_1+`$ (21)
$`+\lambda _sk_2(SQ^2+2m^2S_x)p)`$
$`\eta _L^q`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{\lambda _q}}}\left(2M(k_1k_2){\displaystyle \frac{(SX)}{M}}p\right),`$ (22)
$`\eta _T^q`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{\lambda _q\lambda }}}((2M^2Q^2S_xX)k_1+`$ (24)
$`+(2M^2Q^2+S_xS)k_2Q^2(S+X)p),`$
where $`\lambda =SXQ^2m^2\lambda _qM^2Q^4`$ and $`\lambda _q=S_x^2+4M^2Q^2`$. We note that the task of the calculation is reduced to contraction of leptonic tensors at the born and RC level with $`w_{\mu \nu }^{3,4}`$ using correspondent polarization vector representation of general form

$$\eta =2(a_\eta k_1+b_\eta k_2+c_\eta p)$$
(25)
and forthcoming integration. Also keeping in mind the case of RC we held the variable $`X`$, which is $`SQ^2`$ at the Born level and depends on inelasticity $`SQ^2v`$ for RC; $`S_x=SX`$. The definition of inelasticity $`v`$ is given in the next section. It should be noted that we do not consider effects of normal polarization. It allows us to keep only three basis vectors in Eq.(25).

Polarization part of the Born cross section is given by Eq.(14) for two additional terms in the sum over $`i`$=3,4. Functions $`\theta _i^B`$ have the form

$`\theta _3^B`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{2m}{M}}(q\eta k_2\xi \eta \xi Q^2),`$ (26)
$`\theta _4^B`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{mQ^2q\eta }{M^3}}(2p\xi k_2\xi ),`$ (27)
where lepton polarization vector can be taken as

$$\xi =\frac{2}{\sqrt{\lambda _s}}\left(\frac{S}{m}k_1mp\right).$$
(28)
If the $`Q^2`$ is calculated in terms of hadronic variables the polarization vector expansion looks like this

$$\eta _{L,T}^{}=2(a_{L,T}^{}k_1+b_{L,T}^{}(pp_2)+c_{L,T}^{}p)$$
(29)
with

$$a_L^{}=0,b_L^{}=\frac{Q^2+2M^2}{2M\sqrt{\lambda _M}},c_L^{}=\frac{Q^2}{2M\sqrt{\lambda _M}}$$
(30)
and

$`a_T^{}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{Q^2(Q^2+4M^2)}{2\sqrt{\lambda }_h\sqrt{\lambda _M}}},`$ (31)
$`b_T^{}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{Q^2S+2M^2Q_u^2}{2\sqrt{\lambda }_h\sqrt{\lambda _M}}},`$ (32)
$`c_T^{}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{Q^2(2SQ_u^2)}{2\sqrt{\lambda }_h\sqrt{\lambda _M}}}.`$ (33)
Here $`\lambda _h=SQ^2(SQ_u^2)M^2Q_u^4m^2\lambda _M`$ and $`\lambda _M=Q^2(Q^2+4M^2)`$. Similarly to the case above we hold the variable $`Q_u^2`$, which is $`Q^2`$ and $`Q^2+u`$ for Born and RC cases respectively. The quantity $`u`$ is related with invariant mass of unobserved state. It is also called inelasticity and is defined below (for the case of hadronic variables see (66)).

It easy to verify that 4–vector $`\eta _L^{}`$ and $`\eta _T^{}`$ satisfy the necessary conditions:

$$\eta _L^{}p_2=\eta _T^{}p_2=0,\eta _L^{}\eta _T^{}=0,\eta _{L}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}=\eta _{T}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}=1.$$

In the rest frame of the scattered electron $`p_2=(M,\stackrel{}{0})`$ the vector of longitudinal polarization looks as

$$\eta _L^{}=(0,\stackrel{}{n}),\stackrel{}{n}^2=1.$$
(34)
The direction of 3–vector $`\stackrel{}{n}`$ coincides with the direction of 3–vector $`\stackrel{}{p}_2`$ in lab. system. Therefore, $`\eta _L^{}`$ indeed describes the longitudinal polarization of the scattered proton. 4-vector $`\eta _T^{}`$ has the form $`(0,\stackrel{}{m}),\stackrel{}{n}\stackrel{}{m}=0`$ in both lab.system and rest frame system of the scattered proton. Thus, it describes the transverse polarization in the scattered plane. It can be defined up to sign only.

In the case of longitudinal polarization contributes the term accompanied with multiplier $`G_M^2`$ in the spin–dependent part of the cross-section, because the part, that is proportional to $`G_EG_M`$ goes to zero for $`\eta =\eta ^{}`$. The situation is just contrary in the case of transverse polarization. The simple calculation gives:

$$\frac{\eta _L^{}}{\eta _T^{}}=\frac{G_M}{G_E}\sqrt{\frac{q^2}{M^2}}\frac{k_1p+k_1p_2}{\sqrt{4(k_1p+k_1p_2)^2+q^2(4M^2q^2)}}.$$
(35)
It easy to verify that in the Breit system, where $`p=(E,\stackrel{}{q}/2),p_2=(E,\stackrel{}{q}/2),q=(0,\stackrel{}{q}),`$ the right side of Eq.(35) coincides (up to sign) with the expression given in . Indeed, in this system $`\epsilon _1=\epsilon _2=\frac{\sqrt{q^2}}{2\mathrm{sin}\theta _B/2}(\theta _B`$ is the electron scattering angle in the Breit system) and

$$\frac{(k_1p+k_1p_2)}{\sqrt{4(k_1p+k_1p_2)^2+q^2(4M^2q^2)}}=\frac{1}{2\mathrm{cos}\theta _B/2}.$$

## III Radiative effects

### A Leptonic variables

For cross section of radiative process

$$e(k_1)+N(p)e^{}(k_2)+\gamma (k)+N(p_2),$$
(36)
we have again

$$d\sigma _r=\frac{M_r^2}{4pk_1}d\mathrm{\Gamma }_r.$$
(37)
The cross section of the process depends on $`Q_l^2`$ which for simplicity is referred in this section as $`Q^2`$. Phase space

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }_r=\frac{1}{(2\pi )^5}\frac{d^3p_2}{2p_{20}}\frac{d^3k_2}{2k_{20}}\frac{d^3k}{2k_0}\delta (p+k_1k_2kp_2)$$
(38)
can be parameterized in terms of three variables: inelasticity $`v=\mathrm{\Lambda }^2M^2`$ ($`\mathrm{\Lambda }=p+k_1k_2`$), $`\tau =kq/kp`$ and angle $`\varphi _k`$ between planes ($`𝐪`$, $`𝐤`$) and ($`𝐤_\mathrm{𝟏}`$, $`𝐤_\mathrm{𝟐}`$). Using the result (V.7.7) of  we have

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }_r=\frac{dQ^2}{4(2\pi )^4S}\underset{0}{\overset{v_m}{}}\frac{dv}{4\sqrt{\lambda _q}}\underset{\tau _{min}}{\overset{\tau _{max}}{}}𝑑\tau \frac{v}{(1+\tau )^2}\underset{0}{\overset{2\pi }{}}𝑑\varphi _k,$$
(39)
where ($`\lambda _q=(v+Q^2)^2+4M^2Q^2`$) we use a variable $`\tau `$ instead of standard $`t`$

$$t=Q^2+vR;R=\frac{v}{1+\tau }$$
(40)
It allows to present final result in the form close to circle of papers . Limits are defined as

$`v_m`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2m^2}}(\sqrt{\lambda _s}\sqrt{\lambda _m}2m^2Q^2Q^2S)=`$ (41)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{2Q^2(\lambda _sQ^2(S+m^2+M^2))}{Q^2S+2m^2Q^2+\sqrt{\lambda _s}\sqrt{\lambda _m}}}`$ (42)
$``$ $`SQ^2{\displaystyle \frac{M^2Q^2}{S}}`$ (43)
and

$$2M^2\tau _{max,min}=v+Q^2\pm \sqrt{\lambda _q}$$
(44)
Matrix element squared of radiated process is

$$M_r^2=\frac{e^6}{Q_h^4}L_{\mu \nu }^rW_{\mu \nu }$$
(45)
The leptonic tensor of the radiative process is standard and can be found, for example, in . We note that here we use more standard definition of the tensors (with additional factor 2 comparing to ones from the paper). For contractions we have

$$L_{\mu \nu }^rw_{\mu \nu }^i=4\pi \sqrt{\lambda _q}\underset{j=1}{\overset{3}{}}R^{j3}\theta _{ij}.$$
(46)
Functions $`\theta _{ij}`$ are similar to ones given in Appendix B of ref. . However there they are integrated over $`\varphi _k`$. We keep this integration because of possible dependence of acceptance function on this angle. Explicit form of the functions in our general case is discussed in Appendix.

We note that the well-known formula of soft photon approximation is immediately obtained when keeping the term with $`j=1`$ and restricting integration over (small photon energy) $`v`$ as $`v_1<v<v_2S`$ (small photon energy):

$$\frac{d\sigma _r}{dQ^2}=\frac{2\alpha }{\pi }(l_m1)\mathrm{log}\frac{v_2}{v_1}\frac{d\sigma _0}{dQ^2},$$
(47)
where $`l_m=\mathrm{log}(Q^2/m^2)`$. For angular integration the formula (27) of ref  was used.

Straightforward integration over photon phase space is not possible because of infrared divergence. The first step of the treatment is the identity transformation of the integrand

$$\sigma _R=\sigma _R\sigma _{IR}+\sigma _{IR}=\sigma _F+\sigma _{IR},$$
(48)
where $`\sigma _F`$ is finite for $`k0`$ (here and below we use the short notation for differential cross sections: $`\sigma _Rd\sigma _R/dQ^2`$ and so on). There is some arbitrariness in definition of $`\sigma _{IR}`$. Only asymptotical expression in the limit $`k0`$ is fixedThere is once more limitation. We must provide the conditions of applicability of the theorem about changing of order integration and limitation. For example the uniform convergence is required. Practically it means that we may subtract the quantity with the same denominator. In our case we construct $`\sigma _{IR}`$ using the term with $`j=1`$ in (46) and formfactors estimated in Born point. This term is factorized in front of Born cross section as

$$\sigma _0\frac{2}{\pi }\frac{d^3k}{2k_0}F_{IR},F_{IR}=\left(\frac{k_1}{2k_1k}\frac{k_2}{2k_2k}\right)^2.$$
(49)
As a result infrared part can be written in the factorized form

$$\sigma _{IR}=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }\delta _R^{IR}\sigma _0=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }(\delta _S+\delta _H)\sigma _0.$$
(50)
The quantities $`\delta _S`$ and $`\delta _H`$ appear after additional splitting the integration region over inelasticity $`v`$ by the infinitesimal parameter $`\overline{v}`$

$`\delta _S`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\pi }}{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{\overline{v}}{}}}𝑑v{\displaystyle \frac{d^{n1}k}{(2\pi \mu )^{n4}k_0}F_{IR}\delta ((\mathrm{\Lambda }k)^2M^2)},`$ (51)
$`\delta _H`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\pi }}{\displaystyle \underset{\overline{v}}{\overset{v_m}{}}}𝑑v{\displaystyle \frac{d^3k}{k_0}F_{IR}\delta ((\mathrm{\Lambda }k)^2M^2)}.`$ (52)
We note that in contrast to Mo and Tsai formalism this artificial parameter $`\overline{v}`$ completely cancels in final expressions. The way to calculate these integral was offered in  (see also  and review ). In our case we have

$`\delta _S`$ $`=`$ $`2\left(P_{IR}+\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{v}}{\mu M}}\right)(l_m1)+\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{S(SQ^2)}{m^2M^2}}+S_\varphi ,`$ (53)
$`\delta _H`$ $`=`$ $`2(l_m1)\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{v_m}{\overline{v}}}.`$ (54)
These contributions have to be added with result for vertex function which is standard

$`\delta _V`$ $`=`$ $`2\left(P_{IR}+\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{m}{\mu }}\right)(l_m1)`$ (56)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}l_m^2+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}}l_m2+{\displaystyle \frac{\pi ^2}{6}}.`$
For this sum we have

$$\frac{\alpha }{\pi }\left(\delta _S+\delta _H+\delta _V\right)=\delta _{inf}+\delta _{VR},$$
(57)
where

$`\delta _{inf}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha }{\pi }}\left(l_m1\right)\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{v_m^2}{S(SQ^2)}},`$ (58)
$`\delta _{VR}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha }{\pi }}({\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}}l_m2{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\mathrm{log}^2{\displaystyle \frac{S}{SQ^2}}`$ (60)
$`+\mathrm{Li}_2(1{\displaystyle \frac{M^2Q^2}{S(SQ^2)}}){\displaystyle \frac{\pi ^2}{6}}).`$
Here we used ultrarelativistic expression for function $`S_\varphi `$ from .

Finally the cross section that takes into account radiative effects can be written as

$$\sigma _{obs}=\sigma _0e^{\delta _{inf}}(1+\delta _{VR}+\delta _{vac})+\sigma _F.$$
(61)
Here the corrections $`\delta _{inf}`$ and $`\delta _{vac}`$ come from radiation of soft photons and effects of vacuum polarization. The correction $`\delta _{VR}`$ is an infrared-free sum of factorized parts of real and virtual photon radiation. $`\sigma _F`$ is the infrared-free contribution of bremsstrahlung process:

$`\sigma _F`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha ^3}{2S^2}}{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{v_m}{}}}dv{\displaystyle \underset{\tau _{min}}{\overset{\tau _{max}}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{d\tau }{1+\tau }}{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{2\pi }{}}}d\varphi _k\times `$ (63)
$`\times {\displaystyle \underset{i}{}}[{\displaystyle \underset{j=1}{\overset{3}{}}}𝒜R^{j2}\theta _{ij}{\displaystyle \frac{_i}{Q_h^4}}4F_{IR}^0\theta _i^B{\displaystyle \frac{_i^0}{RQ_l^4}}].`$
Here $`𝒜`$ is integrated over the $`\varphi `$ acceptance function.

### B Hadronic variables

For the cross section of radiative process

$$e(k_1)+N(p)e^{}(k_2)+\gamma (k)+N(p_2),$$
(64)
we have again

$$d\sigma _r=\frac{M_r^2}{4pk_1}d\mathrm{\Gamma }_r$$
(65)
The parameterization of photonic phase space, integration over it developed for so-called hadronic emission within considered Bardin and Shumeiko approach can be applied to this case, if we picture the corresponding Feynman graph upside down. Thus phase space (38) can be parameterized in terms of three invariant variables : inelasticity $`u=(k_2+k)^2m^2=2k_2k`$, $`w=2k_1k`$ and $`z=2p_2k`$

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }_r=\frac{dQ^2d\varphi }{(4\pi )^4S}\underset{0}{\overset{u_m}{}}𝑑u\underset{w_{min}}{\overset{w_{max}}{}}𝑑w\underset{z_{min}}{\overset{z_{max}}{}}\frac{dz}{\pi \sqrt{R_z}},$$
(66)
where $`R_z`$ comes from Gram determinant ($`16R_z=\mathrm{\Delta }(k_1,p,p_2,k)`$) and coincides with standard $`R_z`$-function appearing in Bardin-Shumeiko approach . Explicitly

$$R_z=A_zz^22B_zz+C_z.$$
(67)
For completeness we give coefficients in our notation$`Q^2`$ in this subsection is $`Q_h^2`$

$`A_z`$ $`=`$ $`\lambda _q=(u+Q^2)^2+4Q^2m^2,`$ (68)
$`B_z`$ $`=`$ $`u(u+Q^2)s_q(uQ^2)Sw2m^2Q^2(uw),`$ (69)
$`C_z`$ $`=`$ $`(us_qSw)^2+4M^2uw(Q^2+uw)`$ (71)
$`4M^2m^2(uw)^2,`$
where $`s_q=SQ^2+wu`$.

We note that we introduced invariant variable $`z`$ which corresponds to azimuthal angle in (39). It is more convenient for introducing explicit expressions for experimental cuts.

Limits are defined as

$`u_m`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2M^2}}(\sqrt{\lambda _s}\sqrt{\lambda _M}2M^2Q^2Q^2S)=`$ (72)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{2Q^2(\lambda _sQ^2(S+m^2+M^2))}{Q^2S+2M^2Q^2+\sqrt{\lambda _s}\sqrt{\lambda _M}}}`$ (73)
and

$$w_{max,min}=\frac{u}{2(u+m^2)}(Q^2+u+2m^2\pm \sqrt{\lambda _q}).$$
(74)
Limits $`z_{min,max}`$ are defined as solutions of the equation $`R_z=0`$.

$$\lambda _qz_{max,min}=B_z\pm \sqrt{D},$$
(75)
where

$`D`$ $`=`$ $`4(M^2\lambda _q+m^2Q^4Q^2S(SQ^2u))\times `$ (77)
$`\times (m^2(wu)^2+uw(wuQ^2)).`$
Two solutions of the equation $`D=0`$ give limits on $`w`$ (74).

Matrix element squared of radiated process is calculated as

$$M_r^2=\frac{e^6}{Q^4}L_{\mu \nu }^rW_{\mu \nu }=\frac{e^6}{Q^4}(T_{IR}+T_3+T_4+T_{34})$$
(78)
where

$`T_3`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{4a_{L,T}^{}_3}{MS}}(2{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{w^2}}(Q^4z2Q^2Su+Q^2uzu^2S)`$ (80)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{SQ^2}{u}}(w2Q^2)+{\displaystyle \frac{S}{w}}(4Q^4+3Q^2u+u^2)Sw),`$
$`T_4`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{2Q^2a_{L,T}^{}_4}{M^3S}}({\displaystyle \frac{2m^2}{w^2}}(Q^2SuQ^2uz2S^2u+Su^2`$ (83)
$`+2Suz2uz^2)+{\displaystyle \frac{S}{w}}(2Q^4+4Q^2S2Q^2u`$
$`2Q^2z+2Suu^2)2S^2+Sw+2Sz),`$
$`T_{34}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{2Q^2}{M^3S}}(a_{L,T}^{}_4Q^22M^2c_{L,T}^{}_3`$ (87)
$`2b_{L,T}^{}_4Q^2c_{L,T}^{}_4Q^2)\times `$
$`\times (2{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{w^2}}(Q^2zSu2Sz+2z^2)+{\displaystyle \frac{2SzQ^2}{uw}}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{S}{u}}(2Sw2z)+{\displaystyle \frac{S}{w}}(2Q^22S+u)).`$
The contribution $`T_{IR}`$ is

$`T_{IR}`$ $`=`$ $`4\left({\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{w^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{u^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{Q^2}{uw}}\right)T_0,`$ (88)
$`T_0`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{Q^2}{M^3}}(2M^2_3(a_{L,T}^{}Q^2c_{L,T}^{}Q^2+2c_{L,T}^{}S)`$ (90)
$`+Q^2(Q^22S)_4(a_{L,T}^{}2b_{L,T}^{}c_{L,T}^{})).`$
Structure functions $`_3`$ and $`_4`$ are defined in (18) and are functions of $`Q_h^2`$. We note that Born cross section can be written in terms of $`T_0`$ for $`a_\eta `$, $`b_\eta `$, $`c_\eta `$ taken for $`u0`$

$$\sigma _0=\frac{\pi \alpha ^2}{Q^4S^2}T_0^B.$$
(91)
The radiative cross section can be given as

$$\sigma _R=\frac{\alpha ^3}{4S^2Q^4}\frac{dudwdz}{\pi \sqrt{R_z}}𝒜(T_{IR}+T_3+T_4+T_{34}).$$
(92)
Performing the explicit integration over the region of small energies ($`0<u_1<u_2m^2,M^2,Q^2,S`$) we obtain the well-known result in the soft photon limit:

$`\sigma _R`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha }{\pi }}\sigma _0{\displaystyle \underset{u_1}{\overset{u_2}{}}}𝑑u\left[{\displaystyle \frac{1}{u}}+{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{u(u+m^2)}}{\displaystyle \frac{Q^2}{u\sqrt{\lambda _q}}}\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{w_{max}}{w_{min}}}\right]`$ (93)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{2\alpha }{\pi }}\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{u_2}{u_1}}(l_m1)\sigma _0.`$ (94)
The radiative cross section has infrared divergence, so for this case the identity transformation like (48) has to be performed also. However formfactor is not dependent on photon variables, so only the acceptance function should be subtracted. Corresponding integrals looks similar. As a result infrared part can be written in the factorized form

$$\sigma _{IR}=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }\delta _R^{h,IR}\sigma _0=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }(\delta _S^h+\delta _H^h)\sigma _0.$$
(95)
The quantities $`\delta _S`$ and $`\delta _H`$ appear after additional splitting the integration region over inelasticity $`v`$ by the infinitesimal parameter $`\overline{v}`$

$`\delta _S^h`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\pi }}{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{\overline{u}}{}}}𝑑u{\displaystyle \frac{d^{n1}k}{(2\pi \mu )^{n4}k_0}F_{IR}\delta ((\mathrm{\Lambda }_hk)^2m^2)},`$ (96)
$`\delta _H^h`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\pi }}{\displaystyle \underset{\overline{u}}{\overset{u_m}{}}}𝑑u{\displaystyle \frac{d^3k}{k_0}F_{IR}\delta ((\mathrm{\Lambda }_hk)^2m^2)},`$ (97)
where $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_h=k_1+pp_2`$ and $`F_{IR}^h`$ is defined in eq.(49). The integration gives the following explicit results

$`\delta _S^h`$ $`=`$ $`2\left(P^{IR}+\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{u}}{m\mu }}\right)(l_m1)+1+l_ml_m^2{\displaystyle \frac{\pi ^2}{6}},`$ (98)
$`\delta _H^h`$ $`=`$ $`2(l_m1)\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{u_m}{\overline{u}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\mathrm{log}^2{\displaystyle \frac{u_m}{m^2}}+\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{u_m}{m^2}}`$ (101)
$`l_w(l_m+l_wl_v){\displaystyle \frac{\pi ^2}{6}}\mathrm{Li}_2\left({\displaystyle \frac{u_m}{Q^2}}\right),`$
$`l_v=\mathrm{log}{\displaystyle \frac{u_m}{Q^2}},l_w=\mathrm{log}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{u_m}{Q^2}}\right).`$
Sum of them and the contribution of vertex function gives again infrared free result

$`\delta _{VR}^h`$ $`=`$ $`l_m(l_vl_w+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}})l_v1{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}}l_w^2{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}l_v^2+2l_wl_v`$ (103)
$`\mathrm{Li}_2\left({\displaystyle \frac{Q^2}{Q^2+u_m}}\right).`$
The cross section that takes into account radiative effects can be written as

$$\sigma _{obs}=\sigma _0(1+\delta _{VR}^h+\delta _{vac})+\sigma _F^h.$$
(104)
The explicit expression for $`\sigma _F^h`$ is

$`\sigma _F^h`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha ^3}{4Q^4S^2}}{\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{u_m}{}}}𝑑u{\displaystyle \underset{w_{min}}{\overset{w_{max}}{}}}𝑑w{\displaystyle \underset{z_{min}}{\overset{z_{max}}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{dz}{\pi \sqrt{R_z}}}`$ (106)
$`\left[𝒜(T_{IR}+T_3+T_4+T_{34})T_{IR}^B\right].`$
with $`T_{IR}^B=T_{IR}^B(T_0T_0^B)`$

### C Kinematical cuts

In this section we show how experimental cuts can be introduced to this approach. As an example we consider conditions of experiment  at CEBAF.

The following restriction on momentum of final electron and proton have to be done. We consider high-resolution spectrometer (HRS)  as a rectangular area with some energy acceptance. We describe this rectangle by two angles between corresponding planes: $`\theta _x^{e,p}`$ and $`\theta _y^{e,p}`$. For one of the scattered particle these angular definitions are given in Figure 1. The upper index corresponds to detected particle: electron or proton. The angles and momenta of final particles being measured in lab.frame have to be expressed in terms of kinematical invariants. The simplest way to do it is to apply a formalism of Gramm determinants, which detailed description can be found in Ref.. We will give starting expressions in terms of four-momenta and Gramm determinants as well as explicit results for the used (in (66)) invariant variables. In terms of Gramm determinants the momenta (in the rest frame of $`p`$) of final proton and electron are given by the formula

$$|𝐩_\mathrm{𝟐}|^2=\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }(p,p_2)}{p^2},|𝐤_\mathrm{𝟐}|^2=\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }(p,k_2)}{p^2}.$$
(107)
It gives immediately for the Born process

$$|𝐩_\mathrm{𝟐}|=\frac{\sqrt{\lambda _q}}{2M},|𝐤_\mathrm{𝟐}|=\frac{\sqrt{\lambda _z}}{2M}$$
(108)
both for Born and radiative process. Here $`\lambda _z=(SQ_h^2z_1)^24M^2m^2`$.

Cosine of polar angle of the direction of final proton (with respect to the beam direction) is defined as

$$\mathrm{cos}\theta _{p2}=\frac{k_1pp_2pp^2p_2k_1}{\mathrm{\Delta }(p,k_1)\mathrm{\Delta }(p,p_2)}$$
(109)
It gives

$$\mathrm{sin}^2\theta _{p2}=\frac{4\lambda _{sx}M^2}{\lambda _MS^2}.$$
(110)
where $`\lambda _{sx}=SXQ^2S_x^2M^2`$. We have to use $`X=SQ^2`$ and $`S_x=Q^2`$ for Born process $`X=SQ^2u`$ and $`S_x=Q^2+u`$ for radiative one. In terms of the angle the horizontal and vertical angles of proton momentum are

$`\mathrm{sin}\theta _y^p`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{sin}\varphi \mathrm{sin}\theta _{p2},`$ (111)
$`\mathrm{tan}\theta _x^p`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cos}\varphi \mathrm{tan}\theta _{p2},`$ (112)
where $`\varphi `$ was introduced in (7).

At the Born level all vectors ($`𝐩_\mathrm{𝟐}`$, $`𝐤_\mathrm{𝟏}`$ and $`𝐤_\mathrm{𝟐}`$) are in the same plane. However for the unobserved photon there is a nonzero angle $`\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi `$ between planes ($`𝐤_\mathrm{𝟏},𝐩_\mathrm{𝟐}`$) and ($`𝐤_\mathrm{𝟏},𝐤_\mathrm{𝟐}`$). In terms of Gramm determinants it is defined as

$$\mathrm{cos}\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi =\frac{G\left(\begin{array}{ccc}p& k_1& p_2\\ p& k_1& k_2\end{array}\right)}{\mathrm{\Delta }(p,k_1,k_2)\mathrm{\Delta }(p,k_1,p_2)}$$
(113)
Explicitly we have

$`\mathrm{sin}^2\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi `$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{S^2}{4Q_e^2\lambda _{sx}\lambda _{qz}}}[(S(uw)z_1u+Q^2w)^2`$ (116)
$`+4Q_e^2M^2uw+Q^2(2w+z_1)z_1(Q^2+u)`$
$`+z_1^2uQ^2+2z_1Q^2uw2Sz_1(u+w)Q^2]`$
where $`\lambda _{qz}=SS_{qz}2M^2Q_e^2`$, $`S_{qz}=SQ^2z_1`$, $`Q_e^2=Q^2+uw`$ and $`z_1=z+uw`$. Now we can define angles of final electron for radiative process

$`\mathrm{sin}\theta _y^e`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{sin}(\varphi +\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi )\mathrm{sin}\theta _{k2},`$ (117)
$`\mathrm{tan}\theta _x^e`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cos}(\varphi +\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi )\mathrm{tan}\theta _{k2},`$ (118)
where $`\theta _{k2}`$ is polar angle of final electron. For it we have

$$\mathrm{sin}^2\theta _{k2}=\frac{4Q_e^2\lambda _{qz}M^2}{S_{qz}^2S^2}.$$
(119)
## IV Numerical results

In this section we present the FORTRAN code MASCARAD (Subsection IV A) developed on the basis of formalism presented in the last sections. This code uses Monte-Carlo methods to calculate radiative correction to the observable quantities in polarized ep scattering measurements. The numerical results of applying this code for kinematical conditions of Jlab are given in Subsections IV B and IV C with leptonic and hadronic variables respectively. In last Subsection we discuss the influence of experimental cuts on observables quantities in polarized scattering.

### A FORTRAN code MASCARAD

There are two variants of the code: mascarad\_l.f and mascarad\_h.f dealing with leptonic and hadronic variables respectively. First code does not require any external libraries. However the histogramming by HBOOK can be optionally included in second variant. In this case mascarad\_h.f requires CERNLIB installed. In external file one can choose kinematical variables, accuracy of calculation and value of a cut on inelasticity. An option to include kinematical cuts described in Section III C is available for mascarad\_h.f. As an output one has the value of the Born cross section, radiative correction factor (with estimation of statistical error) in chosen kinematical points.

### B Numerical results. Leptonic variables

Absolute and relative corrections to asymmetry can be defined as (see (1))

$`\mathrm{\Delta }A_i`$ $`=`$ $`A_iA_{i0}={\displaystyle \frac{(1+\delta )\sigma _0^p+\sigma _R^p}{(1+\delta )\sigma _0^u+\sigma _R^u}}{\displaystyle \frac{\sigma _0^p}{\sigma _0^u}}`$ (120)
$`\mathrm{\Delta }_i`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{A_iA_{i0}}{A_{i0}}}={\displaystyle \frac{\delta _p\delta _u}{1+\delta +\delta _u}}`$ (121)
where index $`i`$ runs over all considered cases: $`i=L,T,qL,qT`$; $`\delta _{u,p}=\sigma _R^{u,p}/\sigma _0^{u,p}`$. Here the correction $`\delta `$ is usually large because of contributions of leading logarithms. However it exactly canceled in numerator of expression for correction to asymmetry. That is a reason why the correction to cross section can be large, and correction to asymmetry is relatively small.

Born and observed asymmetries are presented in Figure 2. Four lines corresponds to four considered cases defined in sections II A. No cuts were used for the missing mass. As a result hard photon contributions gives different contributions to spin averaged and spin dependent part of cross sections due to unfactorizing properties. For longitudinal asymmetries $`\delta _p>\delta _u`$ and there are positive contributions to RC. Opposite situation with transverse asymmetries.

One can see that the transverse asymmetry $`A_T`$ in respect to beam direction has large correction. It is not in contradiction with other plots in this figure. The polarized part of cross sections in the cases (L,T) and (qL, qT) are related to each other by some unitary transformation

$$\frac{d\sigma _t^p}{dQ^2dv}=\mathrm{cos}\gamma \frac{d\sigma _{qt}^p}{dQ^2dv}\mathrm{sin}\gamma \frac{d\sigma _{ql}^p}{dQ^2dv}.$$
(122)
Because of dependence of polarization vectors on inelasticity (see (19) and definitions there) this angle $`\gamma `$ is a function of $`v`$

$$\mathrm{sin}^2\gamma =\frac{4M^2\lambda }{\lambda _s\lambda _q}\mathrm{cos}\gamma =\frac{SS_x+2M^2Q^2}{\sqrt{\lambda _s\lambda _q}}$$
(123)
and only unintegrated cross sections are related as (122). This sine hardly suppresses the cross section of the hard photon. Weighed with the sine and cosine, cross sections in r.h.s of (122) have the same signs, similar magnitude and compensate each other. As a result $`\delta _p\delta _u`$ and the asymmetry $`A_T`$ has a large negative contribution.

In practice RC to the asymmetries can be essentially reduced by applying the cut on missing mass or inelasticity which is also measured quantity in elastic electron-proton scattering. In Figure 3 it is shown how these relative corrections depend on value of the cut on missing mass or inelasticity.

### C Numerical results. Hadronic variables

Similarly to the case of leptonic variables let us define relative RC to the ratio of recoil nucleon polarizations $`P_T/P_L`$ as

$$\mathrm{\Delta }=\frac{P_T/P_LP_T^0/P_L^0}{P_T^0/P_L^0}$$
(124)
In Figure 4 this correction is given for several values of cut on missing mass. It can be seen that radiative correction in this case is smaller then in the case of leptonic variables.

However in practice experimental situation can be complicated then applying single kinematical cut on missing mass. In the last and future experiments  at JLab on measurement ratio of elastic formfactors of proton the all events appearing in detectors§§§Here we do not consider possible losing events in detector. By the other words we take into account only geometrical acceptance. However influence of apparatus acceptance also can be taken into account in our approach by introducing some map of device acceptance to MASCARAD. There is a certain place in the code to do it. were accepted for analysis. To calculate RC in this situation we have to apply all cuts discussed in previous section. The Table I gives the results for the last  and future  experiments (upper and below the intersection line).

As we can see the RC does not exceed 1%.

## V Discussion and Conclusion

In this paper we applied the approach of Bardin and Shumeiko for calculation of the model independent radiative correction of the lowest order in processes of elastic electron-proton scattering. Current experiments on the process measure different polarization observables such as spin asymmetries in different configurations of polarizations of initial particles and the ratio of recoil proton polarizations allowing to access the ratio of electromagnetic formfactors of the proton. That is way special attention was paid to radiative correction to polarized parts of the cross section.

The chosen method of calculation allowed to obtain explicit formulae in the cases of so-called electron and hadron variables. They correspond to the cases when kinematics of the measured process is reconstructed from the momentum of final electron and proton respectively. It was shown that in spite of the formulae for Born case are exactly the same for both cases, all ingredients of the RC calculation are different in these cases. Physical (or kinematical) reason of it is the fact that in the first case the radiating particle (electron) is measured, but in the second case it escapes unmeasured or is integrated over.

Explicit formulae for the lowest order radiative correction are exact if not to account ultrarelativistic approximation taking off the terms $`m^2/Q^2`$. However it is not a limitation of the approach. These terms can be easily restored in the case of need (for example, if they will apply to to muon scattering and the accuracy of $`m_\mu ^2/Q^2`$ will be required.

Contrary to the case of inclusive DIS the integration here is left for numerical analysis. All integrals are finite after used the procedure of covariant cancellation of infrared divergences. This form of answer allows to include acceptance effects to the integrand. The function of acceptance usually depends on final angles and momenta, which can be expressed in terms of integration variables. Corresponding way to do it is discussed in Section III C.

On the basis of the exact formulae the FORTRAN package MASCARAD was developed. It includes codes both for the electron and hadron variable measurement. The applying of the package to the radiative correction procedure allows to provide the account of the model independent correction in current measurements (including polarization) of elastic electron-nucleon scattering. Our numerical analysis shows that radiative effects can be important especially in the cases of transversely polarized targets. However using kinematical cuts such as single cut on inelasticity or a cut on kinematical variables of second (undetected) particle allows to reduce the effect essentially.

## Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge useful discussion with A.Ilyichev. We thank our colleagues at Jefferson Lab for useful discussions. We thank the US Department of Energy for support under contract DE-AC05-84ER40150. Work of NM was in addition supported by Rutgers University through NSF grant PHY 9803860 and Ukrainian DFFD.

## Appendix

The functions $`\theta _{ij}`$ are defined the same way as in Appendix B of ref. or with more details in in Appendix B of ref.. However there the formulae are integrated over photon azimuthal angle (or equivalently over $`z`$, see (B7) of ref.). Below we define the procedure how the explicit form of this functions can be written in out case.

All formulae (B1-B2) of ref. or (B.1-B.11) of ref. can be kept for our case. Instead of functions $`F^{}s`$ from (B5)  or (B.12)  we use the following expressions

$$F_d=\frac{F}{z_1z_2},F_{1+}=\frac{F}{z_1}+\frac{F}{z_2},F_{2\pm }=F\left(\frac{m^2}{z_2^2}\pm \frac{m^2}{z_1^2}\right),$$
(A.1)
where $`F=1/(2\pi \sqrt{\lambda _Q})`$ and $`F_{IR}=F_{2+}Q^2F_d`$.

$`z_1`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{\lambda _q}}}(Q^2S_p+\tau (SS_x+2M^2Q^2)2M\sqrt{\lambda _z}\mathrm{cos}\varphi _k)`$ (A.2)
$`z_2`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{\lambda _q}}}(Q^2S_p+\tau (XS_x2M^2Q^2)2M\sqrt{\lambda _z}\mathrm{cos}\varphi _k)`$ (A.3)
where

$$\lambda _z=(\tau \tau _{min})(\tau _{max}\tau )(SXQ^2M^2Q^4m^2\lambda _q)$$
(A.4)