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# Mathematical Foundations of Holonomic Quantum Computer II

## 1 Introduction

This is a sequel to the papers  and .

Quantum Computer is a very attractive and challenging task in New Millennium.

After the breakthrough by P. Shor  there has been remarkable progress in Quantum Computer or Computation (QC briefly). This discovery had a great influence on scientists. This drived not only theoreticians to finding other quantum algorithms, but also experimentalists to building quantum computers. See  and  in outline.  is also very useful.

On the other hand, Gauge Theories are widely recognized as the basis in quantum field theories. Therefore it is very natural to intend to include gauge theories in QC $`\mathrm{}`$ a construction of “gauge theoretical” quantum computation or of “geometric” quantum computation in our terminology. The merit of geometric method of QC may be strong for the influence from the environment. See for example .

In  and  Zanardi and Rasetti proposed an attractive idea $`\mathrm{}`$ Holonomic Quantum Computation (Computer) $`\mathrm{}`$ using the non-abelian Berry phase (quantum holonomy in the mathematical language). See also  and  as another interesting geometric models. In their model a Hamiltonian (including some parameters) must be degenerated because an adiabatic connection is introduced using this degeneracy . In other words, a quantum computational bundle is introduced on some parameter space due to this degeneracy (see ) and the canonical connection of this bundle is just the one above.

They gave a few simple but interesting examples to explain their idea. We believe that these examples will become important in the near future. But their works (,  and ) are a bit coarse in the mathematical point of view. Moreover, for more than 2-qubit case a universality of Holonomic Quantum Computation has not been proved. Therefore in this paper we will attack this problem in the case of 2-qubit.

Namely we construct a quantum computational bundle on some parameter space and calculate the canonical connection form to determine quantum holonomies (this is our main result, see sect. 3.3). But we could not calculate the curvature form because of being too complicated.

Moreover we studies several conditions to obtain the universality of our model. A condition seems to be lacking. To overcome this point we propose an idea that not only usual holonomy but also higher-dimensional holonomies (!) must be introduced in our Holonomic Quantum Computation. Further study will be required.

It is not easy to predict the future of geometric quantum computations. However it is an arena worth challenging for mathematical physicists.

## 2 Mathematical Foundation of Quantum Holonomy

We start with mathematical preliminaries. Let $``$ be a separable Hilbert space over $`𝐂`$. For $`m𝐍`$, we set

$$St_m\left(\right)\left\{V=(v_1,\mathrm{},v_m)\times \mathrm{}\times \right|V^{}V=1_m\},$$
(1)
where $`1_m`$ is a unit matrix in $`M(m,𝐂)`$. This is called a (universal) Stiefel manifold. Note that the unitary group $`U(m)`$ acts on $`St_m\left(\right)`$ from the right:

$$St_m\left(\right)\times U\left(m\right)St_m\left(\right):(V,a)Va.$$
(2)
Next we define a (universal) Grassmann manifold

$$Gr_m\left(\right)\left\{XM\left(\right)\right|X^2=X,X^{}=X\mathrm{and}\mathrm{tr}X=m\},$$
(3)
where $`M()`$ denotes a space of all bounded linear operators on $``$. Then we have a projection

$$\pi :St_m\left(\right)Gr_m\left(\right),\pi \left(V\right)VV^{},$$
(4)
compatible with the action (2) ($`\pi \left(Va\right)=Va(Va)^{}=Vaa^{}V^{}=VV^{}=\pi \left(V\right)`$).

Now the set

$$\{U\left(m\right),St_m\left(\right),\pi ,Gr_m\left(\right)\},$$
(5)
is called a (universal) principal $`U(m)`$ bundle, see  and . We set

$$E_m\left(\right)\left\{(X,v)Gr_m\left(\right)\times \right|Xv=v\}.$$
(6)
Then we have also a projection

$$\pi :E_m\left(\right)Gr_m\left(\right),\pi \left((X,v)\right)X.$$
(7)
The set

$$\{𝐂^m,E_m\left(\right),\pi ,Gr_m\left(\right)\},$$
(8)
is called a (universal) $`m`$-th vector bundle. This vector bundle is one associated with the principal $`U(m)`$ bundle (5) .

Next let $`M`$ be a finite or infinite dimensional differentiable manifold and the map $`P:MGr_m\left(\right)`$ be given (called a projector). Using this $`P`$ we can make the bundles (5) and (8) pullback over $`M`$ :

$`\{U\left(m\right),\stackrel{~}{St},\pi _{\stackrel{~}{St}},M\}P^{}\{U\left(m\right),St_m\left(\right),\pi ,Gr_m\left(\right)\},`$ (9)
$`\{𝐂^m,\stackrel{~}{E},\pi _{\stackrel{~}{E}},M\}P^{}\{𝐂^m,E_m\left(\right),\pi ,Gr_m\left(\right)\},`$ (10)
see . (10) is of course a vector bundle associated with (9).

Let $``$ be a parameter space and we denote by $`\lambda `$ its element. Let $`\lambda _\mathrm{𝟎}`$ be a fixed reference point of $``$. Let $`H_\lambda `$ be a family of Hamiltonians parameterized by $``$ which act on a Fock space $``$. We set $`H_0`$ = $`H_{\lambda _\mathrm{𝟎}}`$ for simplicity and assume that this has a $`m`$-fold degenerate vacuum :

$$H_0v_j=\mathrm{𝟎},j=1m.$$
(11)
These $`v_j`$’s form a $`m`$-dimensional vector space. We may assume that $`v_i|v_j=\delta _{ij}`$. Then $`(v_1,\mathrm{},v_m)St_m\left(\right)`$ and

$$F_0\left\{\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{}}x_jv_j\right|x_j𝐂\}𝐂^m.$$

Namely, $`F_0`$ is a vector space associated with o.n.basis $`(v_1,\mathrm{},v_m)`$.

Next we assume for simplicity that a family of unitary operators parameterized by $``$

$$W:U(),W(\lambda _\mathrm{𝟎})=\mathrm{id}.$$
(12)
is given and $`H_\lambda `$ above is given by the following isospectral family

$$H_\lambda W(\lambda )H_0W(\lambda )^1.$$
(13)
In this case there is no level crossing of eigenvalues. Making use of $`W(\lambda )`$ we can define a projector

$$P:Gr_m\left(\right),P(\lambda )W(\lambda )\left(\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{}}v_jv_j^{}\right)W(\lambda )^1$$
(14)
and have the pullback bundles over $``$

$$\{U\left(m\right),\stackrel{~}{St},\pi _{\stackrel{~}{St}},\},\{𝐂^m,\stackrel{~}{E},\pi _{\stackrel{~}{E}},\}.$$
(15)
For the latter we set

$$|vac=(v_1,\mathrm{},v_m).$$
(16)
In this case a canonical connection form $`𝒜`$ of $`\{U\left(m\right),\stackrel{~}{St},\pi _{\stackrel{~}{St}},\}`$ is given by

$$𝒜=vac|W(\lambda )^1dW(\lambda )|vac,$$
(17)
where $`d`$ is a differential form on $``$, and its curvature form by

$$d𝒜+𝒜𝒜,$$
(18)
see  and .

Let $`\gamma `$ be a loop in $``$ at $`\lambda _\mathrm{𝟎}`$., $`\gamma :[0,1],\gamma (0)=\gamma (1)`$. For this $`\gamma `$ a holonomy operator $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_𝒜`$ is defined :

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }_𝒜(\gamma )=𝒫exp\left\{_\gamma 𝒜\right\}U\left(m\right),$$
(19)
where $`𝒫`$ means path-ordered. This acts on the fiber $`F_0`$ at $`\lambda _\mathrm{𝟎}`$ of the vector bundle $`\{𝐂^m,\stackrel{~}{E},\pi _{\stackrel{~}{E}},M\}`$ as follows : $`\text{x}\mathrm{\Gamma }_𝒜(\gamma )\text{x}`$. The holonomy group $`Hol(𝒜)`$ is in general subgroup of $`U\left(m\right)`$ . In the case of $`Hol(𝒜)=U\left(m\right)`$, $`𝒜`$ is called irreducible, see .

In the Holonomic Quantum Computer we take

$`\mathrm{Encoding}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{Information}\text{x}F_0,`$
$`\mathrm{Processing}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{Information}\mathrm{\Gamma }_𝒜(\gamma ):\text{x}\mathrm{\Gamma }_𝒜(\gamma )\text{x}.`$ (20)
## 3 Holonomic Quantum Computation

We apply the results of last section to Quantum Optics and discuss (optical) Holonomic Quantum Computation proposed by  and .

### 3.1 Holonomic Quantum Computation 1 $`\mathrm{}`$

Let $`a(a^{})`$ be the annihilation (creation) operator of the harmonic oscillator. If we set $`Na^{}a`$ (: number operator), then

$$[N,a^{}]=a^{},[N,a]=a,[a,a^{}]=1.$$
(21)
Let $``$ be a Fock space generated by $`a`$ and $`a^{}`$, and $`\{|n|n𝐍\{0\}\}`$ be its basis. The actions of $`a`$ and $`a^{}`$ on $``$ are given by

$$a|n=\sqrt{n}|n1,a^{}|n=\sqrt{n+1}|n+1,$$
(22)
where $`|0`$ is a vacuum ($`a|0=0`$).

Now we set

$$\stackrel{~}{K}_+\frac{1}{2}\left(a^{}\right)^2,\stackrel{~}{K}_{}\frac{1}{2}a^2,\stackrel{~}{K}_3\frac{1}{2}\left(a^{}a+\frac{1}{2}\right),$$
(23)
then we have

$$[\stackrel{~}{K}_3,\stackrel{~}{K}_+]=\stackrel{~}{K}_+,[\stackrel{~}{K}_3,\stackrel{~}{K}_{}]=\stackrel{~}{K}_{},[\stackrel{~}{K}_+,\stackrel{~}{K}_{}]=2\stackrel{~}{K}_3.$$
(24)
That is, the set $`\{\stackrel{~}{K}_+,\stackrel{~}{K}_{},\stackrel{~}{K}_3\}`$ gives a unitary representation of $`su(1,1)`$ with spin $`1/4`$ and $`3/4`$, .

In the following we treat unitary coherent operators based on Lie algebras $`𝐂`$ and $`su(1,1)`$.

Definition We set

$`[\mathrm{NC}]`$ $`D(\alpha )=e^{\alpha a^{}\overline{\alpha }a}\mathrm{for}\alpha 𝐂,`$ (25)
$`[\mathrm{NC}]`$ $`S(\beta )=e^{\beta \stackrel{~}{K}_+\overline{\beta }\stackrel{~}{K}_{}}\mathrm{for}\beta 𝐂.`$ (26)
For the details of $`D(\alpha )`$ and $`S(\beta )`$ see  and . For the latter convenience let us list well-known disentangling formulas.

Lemma 3-1-1 We have

$`[\mathrm{NC}]D(\alpha )`$ $`=`$ $`e^{|\alpha |^2/2}e^{\alpha a^{}}e^{\overline{\alpha }a},`$ (27)
$`[\mathrm{NC}]S(\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`e^{\zeta \stackrel{~}{K}_+}e^{\mathrm{log}\left(1|\zeta |^2\right)\stackrel{~}{K}_3}e^{\overline{\zeta }\stackrel{~}{K}_{}}\text{where}\zeta ={\displaystyle \frac{\beta \mathrm{tanh}|\beta |}{|\beta |}}`$ (28)
As for a generalization of these formulas see .

Under preliminaries above let us proceed to the main subject. Let $`H_0`$ be a Hamiltonian

$$H_0\mathrm{}XN(N1).$$
(29)
This has a $`2`$-fold degenerate vacuum because if we set

$$F_0\mathrm{Vect}\{|0,|1\},$$
(30)
then $`H_0F_0=0`$.

Now note that $`|vac(|0,|1)St_2\left(\right)`$ in (1). We consider a two-parameter isospectral family

$`H_{(\alpha ,\beta )}O(\alpha ,\beta )H_0O(\alpha ,\beta )^1,`$ (31)
$`O(\alpha ,\beta )D(\alpha )S(\beta ),O(0,0)=\text{id},`$ (32)
where $`(\alpha ,\beta )𝐂^2`$. Since (31) is isospectral we have no level-crossing of eigenvalues for the parameters (adiabatic!). In the following we focus our attention on the $`2`$-fold degenerate vacuum.

For this system let us calculate a connection form (17) in the last section. For that we set

$$A_\alpha =vac|O(\alpha ,\beta )^1\frac{}{\alpha }O(\alpha ,\beta )|vac,A_\beta =vac|O(\alpha ,\beta )^1\frac{}{\beta }O(\alpha ,\beta )|vac.$$
(33)
Here remaking

$`O(\alpha ,\beta )^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\alpha }}O(\alpha ,\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`S(\beta )^1\left\{D(\alpha )^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\alpha }}D(\alpha )\right\}S(\beta ),`$
$`O(\alpha ,\beta )^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta }}O(\alpha ,\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`S(\beta )^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta }}S(\beta )`$
and using Lemma 1,

Lemma 3-1-2 We have

$`O^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\alpha }}O`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\alpha }}{2}}1+\mathrm{cosh}|\beta |a^{}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }\mathrm{sinh}|\beta |}{|\beta |}}a,`$ (34)
$`O^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta }}O`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(a^{}\right)^2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta |))}{2|\beta |^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(a^{}a+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\right)`$ (35)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }^2}{2|\beta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}a^2.`$
Compare (34) and (35) with those of .

From this lemma it is easy to calculate $`A_\lambda `$ and $`A_\mu `$. Before stating the result let us prepare some notations.

$$E=\left(\begin{array}{cc}& 1\\ 0& \end{array}\right),F=\left(\begin{array}{cc}& 0\\ 1& \end{array}\right),K=\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& \\ & 1\end{array}\right),L=\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& \\ & 1\end{array}\right).$$
(36)
Proposition 3-1-3 We have

$`A_\alpha `$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\alpha }}{2}}L+\mathrm{cosh}|\beta |F+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }\mathrm{sinh}|\beta |}{|\beta |}}E,`$ (37)
$`A_\beta `$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta |))}{4|\beta |^2}}\left(K+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}L\right).`$ (38)
A comment here is in order. By the diagonal parts of (37) and (38) we have the Berry phase stated in  easily.

Since the connection $`𝒜`$ is anti-hermitian ($`𝒜^{}=𝒜`$), it can be written as

$$𝒜=A_\alpha d\alpha +A_\beta d\beta A_{\alpha }^{}{}_{}{}^{}d\overline{\alpha }A_{\beta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}d\overline{\beta },$$
(39)
so that it’s curvature form $`=d𝒜+𝒜𝒜`$ becomes

$``$ $`=`$ $`\left(_\alpha A_\beta _\beta A_\alpha +[A_\alpha ,A_\beta ]\right)d\alpha d\beta `$ (40)
$`\left(_\alpha A_{\alpha }^{}{}_{}{}^{}+_{\overline{\alpha }}A_\alpha +[A_\alpha ,A_{\alpha }^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\right)d\alpha d\overline{\alpha }`$
$`\left(_\alpha A_{\beta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}+_{\overline{\beta }}A_\alpha +[A_\alpha ,A_{\beta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\right)d\alpha d\overline{\beta }`$
$`\left(_\beta A_{\alpha }^{}{}_{}{}^{}+_{\overline{\alpha }}A_\beta +[A_\beta ,A_{\alpha }^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\right)d\beta d\overline{\alpha }`$
$`\left(_\beta A_{\beta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}+_{\overline{\beta }}A_\beta +[A_\beta ,A_{\beta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\right)d\beta d\overline{\beta }`$
$`\left(_{\overline{\alpha }}A_{\beta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}_{\overline{\beta }}A_{\alpha }^{}{}_{}{}^{}+[A_{\beta }^{}{}_{}{}^{},A_{\alpha }^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\right)d\overline{\alpha }d\overline{\beta }.`$
Now let us state our result.

Theorem 3-1-4

$``$ $`=`$ $`\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }^2\mathrm{cosh}|\beta |}{2|\beta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\right)E{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }\mathrm{sinh}|\beta |}{2|\beta |}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\right)F\right\}d\alpha d\beta `$
$`2Kd\alpha d\overline{\alpha }`$
$`\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{cosh}|\beta |}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\right)E{\displaystyle \frac{\beta \mathrm{sinh}|\beta |}{2|\beta |}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\right)F\right\}d\alpha d\overline{\beta }`$
$`\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }\mathrm{sinh}|\beta |}{2|\beta |}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\right)E+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{cosh}|\beta |}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\right)F\right\}d\beta d\overline{\alpha }`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\left(K+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}L\right)d\beta d\overline{\beta }`$
$`\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\beta \mathrm{sinh}|\beta |}{2|\beta |}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\right)E+{\displaystyle \frac{\beta ^2\mathrm{cosh}|\beta |}{2|\beta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta |)}{2|\beta |}}\right)F\right\}d\overline{\alpha }d\overline{\beta }.`$
It is easy to see that the target of $``$ covers all of Lie algebra $`u(2)`$. This means that the connection $`𝒜`$ is irreducible $`\mathrm{}`$ the holonomy group of $`𝒜`$ is just $`U(2)`$. See ,  and .

Corollary 3-1-5$`𝒜`$ is irreducible (),

### 3.2 Holonomic Quantum Computation 2 $`\mathrm{}`$

Next we consider the system of two-harmonic oscillators. If we set

$$a_1=a1,a_1^{}=a^{}1;a_2=1a,a_2^{}=1a^{},$$
(42)
then it is easy to see

$$[a_i,a_j]=[a_i^{},a_j^{}]=0,[a_i,a_j^{}]=\delta _{ij},i,j=1,2.$$
(43)
We also denote by $`N_i=a_i^{}a_i`$ number operators.

Now since we want to consider coherent states based on Lie algebras $`su(2)`$ and $`su(1,1)`$, we make use of Schwinger’s boson method, see , . Namely if we set

$`[\mathrm{C}]`$ $`su(2):J_+=a_1^{}a_2,J_{}=a_2^{}a_1,J_3={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(a_1^{}a_1a_2^{}a_2),`$ (44)
$`[\mathrm{NC}]`$ $`su(1,1):K_+=a_1^{}a_2^{},K_{}=a_2a_1,K_3={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(a_1^{}a_1+a_2^{}a_2+1),`$ (45)
then we have

$`[\mathrm{C}]`$ $`su(2):[J_3,J_+]=J_+,[J_3,J_{}]=J_{},[J_+,J_{}]=2J_3,`$ (46)
$`[\mathrm{NC}]`$ $`su(1,1):[K_3,K_+]=K_+,[K_3,K_{}]=K_{},[K_+,K_{}]=2K_3.`$ (47)
In the following we treat unitary coherent operators based on Lie algebras $`su(2)`$ and $`su(1,1)`$.

Definition We set

$`[\mathrm{C}]`$ $`U(\xi )=e^{\xi a_1^{}a_2\overline{\xi }a_2^{}a_1}\mathrm{for}\xi 𝐂,`$ (48)
$`[\mathrm{NC}]`$ $`V(\zeta )=e^{\zeta a_1^{}a_2^{}\overline{\zeta }a_2a_1}\mathrm{for}\zeta 𝐂.`$ (49)
For the details of $`U(\xi )`$ and $`V(\zeta )`$ see  and . For the latter convenience let us list well-known disentangling formulas.

Lemma 3-2-1 We have

$`[\mathrm{C}]U(\xi )`$ $`=`$ $`e^{\eta a_1^{}a_2}e^{\mathrm{log}\left(1+|\eta |^2\right)\frac{1}{2}\left(a_1^{}a_1a_2^{}a_2\right)}e^{\overline{\eta }a_2^{}a_1},where\eta ={\displaystyle \frac{\xi \mathrm{tan}|\xi |}{|\xi |}},`$ (50)
$`[\mathrm{NC}]V(\zeta )`$ $`=`$ $`e^{\kappa a_1^{}a_2^{}}e^{\mathrm{log}\left(1|\kappa |^2\right)\frac{1}{2}\left(a_1^{}a_1+a_2^{}a_2+1\right)}e^{\overline{\kappa }a_2a_1},where\kappa ={\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{tanh}|\zeta |}{|\zeta |}}.`$ (51)
As for a generalization of these formulas see .

Let $`H_0`$ be a Hamiltonian with nonlinear interaction produced by a Kerr medium., that is $`H_0=\mathrm{}\mathrm{X}N(N1)`$, where X is a certain constant, see . The eigenvectors of $`H_0`$ corresponding to $`0`$ is $`\{|0,|1\}`$, so its eigenspace is $`\mathrm{Vect}\{|0,|1\}𝐂^2`$. We correspond to $`0|0,1|1`$ for a generator of Boolean algebra $`\{0,1\}`$. The space $`\mathrm{Vect}\{|0,|1\}`$ is called 1-qubit (quantum bit) space, see  or . Since we are considering the system of two particles, the Hamiltonian that we treat in the following is

$$H_0=\mathrm{}\mathrm{X}N_1(N_11)+\mathrm{}\mathrm{X}N_2(N_21).$$
(52)
The eigenspace of $`0`$ of this Hamiltonian becomes therefore

$$F_0=\mathrm{Vect}\{|0,|1\}\mathrm{Vect}\{|0,|1\}𝐂^2𝐂^2.$$
(53)
We denote the basis of $`F_0`$ as $`\{|0,0,|0,1,|1,0,|1,1\}`$ and set

$$|vac=(|0,0,|0,1,|1,0,|1,1).$$
(54)
Next we consider the following isospectral family of $`H_0`$ above :

$`H_{(\xi ,\zeta )}`$ $`=`$ $`W(\xi ,\zeta )H_0W(\xi ,\zeta )^1,`$ (55)
$`W(\xi ,\zeta )`$ $`=`$ $`U(\xi )V(\zeta )U(),W(0,0)=\mathrm{id}.`$ (56)
where $`(\xi ,\zeta )𝐂^2`$. For this system let us calculate a connection form (17) in the last section. For that we set

$$A_\xi =vac|W(\xi ,\zeta )^1\frac{}{\xi }W(\xi ,\zeta )|vac,A_\zeta =vac|W(\xi ,\zeta )^1\frac{}{\zeta }W(\xi ,\zeta )|vac.$$
(57)
Here remaking

$`W(\xi ,\zeta )^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\xi }}W(\xi ,\zeta )`$ $`=`$ $`V(\xi )^1\left\{U(\xi )^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\xi }}U(\xi )\right\}V(\xi ),`$
$`W(\xi ,\zeta )^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\zeta }}W(\xi ,\zeta )`$ $`=`$ $`V(\xi )^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\zeta }}V(\xi )`$
and using Lemma 1,

Lemma 3-2-2 we have

$`W^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\xi }}W`$ (59)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)a_1^{}a_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\left(a_1^{}\right)^2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\left(a_2\right)^2\right\}`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(a_1^{}a_1a_2^{}a_2\right)`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)a_2^{}a_1+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\left(a_1\right)^2+{\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\left(a_2^{}\right)^2\right\},`$
$`W^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\zeta }}W`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)a_1^{}a_2^{}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(a_1^{}a_1+a_2^{}a_2+1\right)`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }^2}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)a_1a_2.`$
From this lemma it is easy to calculate $`A_\xi `$ and $`A_\zeta `$. Before stating the result let us prepare some notations.

$$\widehat{E}=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right),\widehat{F}=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right),\widehat{H}=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& \frac{1}{2}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& \frac{1}{2}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right).$$
(60)
$$\widehat{A}=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 1\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right),\widehat{C}=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 1& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right),\widehat{B}=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}\frac{1}{2}& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& \frac{3}{2}\end{array}\right).$$
(61)
Proposition 3-2-3 We have

$`A_\xi `$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\widehat{F}{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)\right)\widehat{H}`$ (62)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\widehat{E},`$
$`A_\zeta `$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)\widehat{C}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\right)\widehat{B}`$ (63)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }^2}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)\widehat{A}.`$
Since the connection form $`𝒜`$ is anti-hermitian ($`𝒜^{}=𝒜`$), it can be written as

$$𝒜=A_\xi d\xi +A_\zeta d\zeta A_{\xi }^{}{}_{}{}^{}d\overline{\xi }A_{\zeta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}d\overline{\zeta },$$
(64)
so that it’s curvature form $`=d𝒜+𝒜𝒜`$ becomes

$``$ $`=`$ $`\left(_\xi A_\zeta _\zeta A_\xi +[A_\xi ,A_\zeta ]\right)d\xi d\zeta `$ (65)
$`\left(_\xi A_{\xi }^{}{}_{}{}^{}+_{\overline{\xi }}A_\xi +[A_\xi ,A_{\xi }^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\right)d\xi d\overline{\xi }`$
$`\left(_\xi A_{\zeta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}+_{\overline{\zeta }}A_\xi +[A_\xi ,A_{\zeta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\right)d\xi d\overline{\zeta }`$
$`\left(_\zeta A_{\xi }^{}{}_{}{}^{}+_{\overline{\xi }}A_\zeta +[A_\zeta ,A_{\xi }^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\right)d\zeta d\overline{\xi }`$
$`\left(_\zeta A_{\zeta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}+_{\overline{\zeta }}A_\zeta +[A_\zeta ,A_{\zeta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\right)d\zeta d\overline{\zeta }`$
$`\left(_{\overline{\xi }}A_{\zeta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}_{\overline{\zeta }}A_{\xi }^{}{}_{}{}^{}+[A_{\zeta }^{}{}_{}{}^{},A_{\xi }^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\right)d\overline{\xi }d\overline{\zeta }.`$
Now we state our main result.

Theorem 3-2-4

$`=`$
$`\left\{\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\widehat{F}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\widehat{E}\right\}d\xi d\zeta `$
$`\{{\displaystyle \frac{\xi }{|\xi |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |))\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\widehat{F}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{|\xi |}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}^2(2|\zeta |))\widehat{H}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{|\xi |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |))\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\widehat{E}\}d\xi d\overline{\xi }`$
$`\left\{\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\widehat{F}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\widehat{E}\right\}d\xi d\overline{\zeta }`$
$`\left\{\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\widehat{E}+{\displaystyle \frac{\xi ^2}{|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\widehat{F}\right\}d\zeta d\overline{\xi }`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}}\left(2\widehat{B}\text{1}_4\right)d\zeta d\overline{\zeta }`$
$`+\left\{\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\widehat{E}+{\displaystyle \frac{\xi ^2}{|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\widehat{F}\right\}d\overline{\xi }d\overline{\zeta }.`$
From this and the theorem of Ambrose–Singer (see ) it is easy to see that

Corollary 3-2-5

$$Hol(𝒜)=SU(2)\times U(1)U(4).$$
(67)
Therefore $`𝒜`$ is not irreducible.

### 3.3 Holonomic Quantum Computation 3 $`\mathrm{}`$ Main Result

The Hamiltonian that we treat in this section is (52)., namely

$$H_0=\mathrm{}\mathrm{X}N_1(N_11)+\mathrm{}\mathrm{X}N_2(N_21)$$

and we consider the following (full) isospectral family :

$`H_{(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)}`$ $`=`$ $`Z(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)H_0Z(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)^1,`$ (68)
$`Z(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)`$ $`=`$ $`O_1(\alpha _1,\beta _1)W(\xi ,\zeta )O_2(\alpha _2,\beta _2)U(),`$ (69)
$`Z(0,0,0,0,0,0)=\mathrm{id},`$
where $`(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)𝐂^6`$ and $`O(\alpha ,\beta )`$ and $`W(\xi ,\zeta )`$ are respectively (32) and (56). Namely we consider a family of six-parameters. For this system we want to calculate a connection form (17). For that we set for simplicity

$$A_\chi =vac|Z(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)^1\frac{}{\chi }Z(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)|vac,$$
(70)
where $`\chi =\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2`$ respectively and $`|vac`$ is just (54).

We note

$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\chi }}Z`$ $`=`$ $`O_2^1W^1\left(O_1^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\chi }}O_1\right)WO_2\text{for}\chi =\alpha _1,\beta _1,`$ (71)
$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\chi }}Z`$ $`=`$ $`O_2^1\left(W^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\chi }}W\right)O_2\text{for}\chi =\xi ,\zeta ,`$ (72)
$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\chi }}Z`$ $`=`$ $`O_2^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\chi }}O_2\text{for}\chi =\alpha _2,\beta _2,`$ (73)
but we have already calculated the main parts $`X^1\frac{}{\chi }X`$ in sect. 3.1 and sect. 3.2.

First let us determine (71). From Lemma 3-1-2 we have

$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\alpha _1}}Z`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\alpha }_1}{2}}1+\mathrm{cosh}|\beta _1|O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}W^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}WO_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}|\beta _1|}{|\beta _1|}}O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}W^1a_1WO_2,`$ (74)
$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta _1}}Z`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}W^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}WO_2\right)^2`$ (75)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|))}{2|\beta _1|^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left\{\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}W^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}WO_2\right)\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}W^1a_1WO_2\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\right\}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1^2}{2|\beta _1|^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}W^1a_1WO_2\right)^2.`$
If we set for simplicity

$$O_2^1W^1a_1WO_2=c_0+c_1a_1+c_3a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}+c_2a_2+c_4a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},$$
(76)
then we have

$`c_0`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}}\mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\alpha _2+\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sin}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}}\overline{\alpha }_2,`$ (77)
$`c_1`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)\mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |),`$ (78)
$`c_3`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}}{\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sin}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}},`$ (79)
$`c_2`$ $`=`$ $`\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}}\mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _2|)+\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}}{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_2\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _2|)}{|\beta _2|}}\right\},`$ (80)
$`c_4`$ $`=`$ $`\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}}\mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |){\displaystyle \frac{\beta _2\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _2|)}{|\beta _2|}}+\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}}\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _2|)\right\}.`$ (81)
See the appendix A. Making use of these

Lemma 3-3-1-(i) we have

$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\alpha _1}}Z=\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\alpha }_1}{2}}+\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _1|)\overline{c}_0+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _1|)}{|\beta _1|}}c_0\right\}1`$ (83)
$`+\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _1|)\overline{c}_3+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _1|)}{|\beta _1|}}c_1\right\}a_1+\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _1|)\overline{c}_1+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _1|)}{|\beta _1|}}c_3\right\}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _1|)\overline{c}_4+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _1|)}{|\beta _1|}}c_2\right\}a_2+\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _1|)\overline{c}_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _1|)}{|\beta _1|}}c_4\right\}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},`$
$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta _1}}Z`$
$`=`$ $`\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}}){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(\overline{c}_{0}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+\overline{c}_1\overline{c}_3+\overline{c}_2\overline{c}_4)+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|))`$
$`\times {\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(|c_0|^2+|c_3|^2+|c_4|^2+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}})+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}}){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_{0}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+c_1c_3+c_2c_4)\}1`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_0\overline{c}_3+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_1\overline{c}_0+c_0\overline{c}_3)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_0c_1\}a_1`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_0\overline{c}_1+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_3\overline{c}_0+c_0\overline{c}_1)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_0c_3\}a_1^{}`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_0\overline{c}_4+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_2\overline{c}_0+c_0\overline{c}_4)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_0c_2\}a_2`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_0\overline{c}_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_4\overline{c}_0+c_0\overline{c}_2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_0c_4\}a_2^{}`$
$`+\left\{\mathrm{}\right\}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+\left\{\mathrm{}\right\}\left(a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2+\left\{\mathrm{}\right\}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+\left\{\mathrm{}\right\}\left(a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_3\overline{c}_4+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_2\overline{c}_3+c_1\overline{c}_4)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_1c_2\}a_1a_2`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_1\overline{c}_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_4\overline{c}_1+c_3\overline{c}_2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_3c_4\}a_1^{}a_2^{}`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_2\overline{c}_3+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_4\overline{c}_3+c_1\overline{c}_2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_1c_4\}a_1a_2^{}`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_1\overline{c}_4+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_2\overline{c}_1+c_3\overline{c}_4)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_2c_3\}a_1^{}a_2`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_1\overline{c}_3+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(|c_1|^2+|c_3|^2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_1c_3\}a_1^{}a_1`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_2\overline{c}_4+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(|c_2|^2+|c_4|^2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_2c_4\}a_2^{}a_2`$
where we have omitted the coefficients of $`a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2},\left(a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2,a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2},\left(a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2`$ because these terms are neglected as shown in the latter.

Next let us determine (72). From Lemma 3-2-2 we have

$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\xi }}Z`$ (85)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)a_1^{}O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2O_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\left(a_1^{}\right)^2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2O_2\right)^2\right\}`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left\{a_1^{}a_1\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2^{}O_2\right)\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2O_2\right)\right\}`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2^{}O_2\right)a_1+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+{\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2^{}O_2\right)^2\right\},`$
$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\zeta }}Z`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)a_1^{}\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2^{}O_2\right)`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left\{a_1^{}a_1+\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2^{}O_2\right)\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2O_2\right)+1\right\}`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }^2}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)a_1\left(O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2O_2\right).`$
If we set for simplicity

$$O_2^1a_2O_2=\alpha _2+d_1a_2+d_2a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},$$
(86)
then we have

$$d_1=\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _2|),d_2=\frac{\beta _2\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _2|)}{|\beta _2|}.$$
(87)
Making use of these

Lemma 3-3-1-(ii) we have

$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\xi }}Z`$ (89)
$`=`$ $`\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}(\alpha _{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+d_1d_2){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(|\alpha _2|^2+|d_2|^2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}(\overline{\alpha _2}^2+\overline{d_1}\overline{d_2})\}1`$
$`+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\overline{\alpha _2}\right\}a_1+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\alpha _2\right\}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2\alpha _2d_1{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(\overline{\alpha _2}d_1+\alpha _2\overline{d_2})`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2\overline{\alpha _2}\overline{d_2}\}a_2`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2\alpha _2d_2{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(\alpha _2\overline{d_1}+\overline{\alpha _2}d_2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2\overline{\alpha _2}\overline{d_1}\}a_2^{}`$
$`+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)d_1\right\}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_2+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\overline{d_1}\right\}a_1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\overline{d_2}\right\}a_1a_2+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)d_2\right\}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+\left\{\mathrm{}\right\}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+\left\{\mathrm{}\right\}\left(a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2+\left\{\mathrm{}\right\}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+\left\{\mathrm{}\right\}\left(a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_1`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2d_1d_2{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(|d_1|^2+|d_2|^2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2\overline{d_1}\overline{d_2}\}a_2^{}a_2,`$
$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\zeta }}Z`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |))\left(1+|\alpha _2|^2+|d_2|^2\right)1`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }^2}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)\alpha _2a_1+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)\overline{\alpha }_2a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |))\left(\overline{\alpha _2}d_1+\alpha _2\overline{d_2}\right)a_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |))\left(\overline{\alpha _2}d_2+\alpha _2\overline{d_1}\right)a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }^2}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)d_1a_1a_2+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)\overline{d}_1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }^2}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)d_2a_1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)\overline{d}_2a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_2`$
$`+\left\{\mathrm{}\right\}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+\left\{\mathrm{}\right\}\left(a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |))a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_1+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |))\left(|d_1|^2+|d_2|^2\right)a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_2.`$
Last let us determine (73). But we have already calculated in Lemma 3-1-2.

Lemma 3-3-1-(iii) we have

$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\alpha _2}}Z`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\alpha }_2}{2}}1+\mathrm{cosh}|\beta _2|a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_2\mathrm{sinh}|\beta _2|}{|\beta _2|}}a_2,`$ (90)
$`Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta _2}}Z`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _2|)}{2|\beta _2|}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_2(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _2|))}{2|\beta _2|^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_2+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\right)`$ (91)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_2^2}{2|\beta _2|^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _2|)}{2|\beta _2|}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}.`$
Let us calculate (70). Since $`|vac=(|0,0,|0,1,|1,0,|1,1)`$ we have

$`a_1|vac=(0,0,|0,0,|0,1),a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}|vac=(|1,0,|1,1,,),`$
$`a_2|vac=(0,|0,0,0,|1,0),a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}|vac=(|0,1,,|1,1,),`$
$`a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}|vac=(0,0,0,0),\left(a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2|vac=(,,,),`$
$`a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}|vac=(0,0,0,0),\left(a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2|vac=(,,,),`$
$`a_1a_2|vac=(0,0,0,|0,0),a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}|vac=(|1,1,,,)`$
$`a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_1|vac=(0,0,|1,0,|1,1),a_1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}|vac=(0,0,|0,1,),`$
$`a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_2|vac=(0,|1,0,0,),a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_2|vac=(0,|0,1,0,|1,1).`$
Therefore

$`vac|a_1|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 1& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 1& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \end{array}\right)\widehat{B}_1,vac|a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 1& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 1& 0& 0& \end{array}\right)\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},`$ (100)
$`vac|a_2|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 1& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 1& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \end{array}\right)\widehat{B}_2,vac|a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 1& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 1& 0& \end{array}\right)\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},`$ (109)
$`vac|a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}|vac=vac|\left(a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2|vac=vac|a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}|vac=vac|\left(a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)^2|vac=\widehat{\text{O}},`$
$`vac|a_1a_2|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& 1& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \end{array}\right)=\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_2,vac|a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 1& 0& 0& 0& \end{array}\right)=\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},`$ (118)
$`vac|a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_1|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 1& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 1& \end{array}\right)=\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_1,vac|a_1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 1& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \end{array}\right)=\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$ (127)
$`vac|a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_2|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 1& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \end{array}\right)=\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2,vac|a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_2|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 1& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 1& \end{array}\right)=\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2,`$ (136)
$`vac|\mathrm{𝟏}|vac=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 1& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 1& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 1& \end{array}\right)\widehat{E}.`$ (141)
Under the preceding preliminaries we can determine the connection form (70). This is our main result in this paper.

Proposition 3-3-2

$`A_{\alpha _1}=vac|Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\alpha _1}}Z|vac`$
$`=\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\alpha }_1}{2}}+\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _1|)\overline{c}_0+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _1|)}{|\beta _1|}}c_0\right\}\widehat{E}`$
$`+\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _1|)\overline{c}_3+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _1|)}{|\beta _1|}}c_1\right\}\widehat{B}_1+\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _1|)\overline{c}_1+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _1|)}{|\beta _1|}}c_3\right\}\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _1|)\overline{c}_4+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _1|)}{|\beta _1|}}c_2\right\}\widehat{B}_2+\left\{\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _1|)\overline{c}_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _1|)}{|\beta _1|}}c_4\right\}\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},`$ (142)
$`A_{\beta _1}=vac|Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta _1}}Z|vac`$
$`=\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}}){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(\overline{c}_{0}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+\overline{c}_1\overline{c}_3+\overline{c}_2\overline{c}_4)+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|))`$
$`\times {\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(|c_0|^2+|c_3|^2+|c_4|^2+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}})+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}}){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_{0}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+c_1c_3+c_2c_4)\}\widehat{E}`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_0\overline{c}_3+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_1\overline{c}_0+c_0\overline{c}_3)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_0c_1\}\widehat{B}_1`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_0\overline{c}_1+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_3\overline{c}_0+c_0\overline{c}_1)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_0c_3\}\widehat{B}_1^{}`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_0\overline{c}_4+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_2\overline{c}_0+c_0\overline{c}_4)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_0c_2\}\widehat{B}_2`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_0\overline{c}_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_4\overline{c}_0+c_0\overline{c}_2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_0c_4\}\widehat{B}_2^{}`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_3\overline{c}_4+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_2\overline{c}_3+c_1\overline{c}_4)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_1c_2\}\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_2`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_1\overline{c}_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_4\overline{c}_1+c_3\overline{c}_2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_3c_4\}\widehat{B}_1^{}\widehat{B}_2^{}`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_2\overline{c}_3+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_4\overline{c}_3+c_1\overline{c}_2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_1c_4\}\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_2^{}`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_1\overline{c}_4+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(c_2\overline{c}_1+c_3\overline{c}_4)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_2c_3\}\widehat{B}_1^{}\widehat{B}_2`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_1\overline{c}_3+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(|c_1|^2+|c_3|^2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_1c_3\}\widehat{B}_1^{}\widehat{B}_1`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})\overline{c}_2\overline{c}_4+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_1}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _1|)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(|c_2|^2+|c_4|^2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{2|\beta _1|^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\beta _1|)}{2|\beta _1|}})c_2c_4\}\widehat{B}_2^{}\widehat{B}_2,`$ (143)
$`A_\xi =vac|Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\xi }}Z|vac`$
$`=\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}(\alpha _{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}+d_1d_2){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(|\alpha _2|^2+|d_2|^2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}(\overline{\alpha _2}^2+\overline{d_1}\overline{d_2})\}\widehat{E}`$
$`+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\overline{\alpha _2}\right\}\widehat{B}_1+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\alpha _2\right\}\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2\alpha _2d_1{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(\overline{\alpha _2}d_1+\alpha _2\overline{d_2})`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2\overline{\alpha _2}\overline{d_2}\}\widehat{B}_2`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2\alpha _2d_2{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(\alpha _2\overline{d_1}+\overline{\alpha _2}d_2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2\overline{\alpha _2}\overline{d_1}\}\widehat{B}_2^{}`$
$`+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)d_1\right\}\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\overline{d_1}\right\}\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)\overline{d_2}\right\}\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_2+\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}\right)\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |)d_2\right\}\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}\left(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_1`$
$`+\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2d_1d_2{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }}{2|\xi |^2}}(1\mathrm{cos}(2|\xi |)){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}(|d_1|^2+|d_2|^2)`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }^2}{2|\xi |^2}}(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}(2|\xi |)}{2|\xi |}}){\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}2\overline{d_1}\overline{d_2}\}\widehat{B}_2^{}\widehat{B}_2,`$ (144)
$`A_\zeta =vac|Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\zeta }}Z|vac`$
$`={\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |))\left(1+|\alpha _2|^2+|d_2|^2\right)\widehat{E}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }^2}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)\alpha _2\widehat{B}_1+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)\overline{\alpha }_2\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |))\left(\overline{\alpha _2}d_1+\alpha _2\overline{d_2}\right)\widehat{B}_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |))\left(\overline{\alpha _2}d_2+\alpha _2\overline{d_1}\right)\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }^2}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)d_1\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_2+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)\overline{d}_1\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }^2}{2|\zeta |^2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)d_2\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sinh}(2|\zeta |)}{2|\zeta |}}\right)\overline{d}_2\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |))\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_1+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }}{2|\zeta |^2}}(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\zeta |))\left(|d_1|^2+|d_2|^2\right)\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2,`$ (145)
$`A_{\alpha _2}=vac|Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\alpha _2}}Z|vac={\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\alpha }_2}{2}}\widehat{E}+\mathrm{cosh}|\beta _2|\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_2\mathrm{sinh}|\beta _2|}{|\beta _2|}}\widehat{B}_2,`$ (146)
$`A_{\beta _2}=vac|Z^1{\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta _2}}Z|vac={\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_2(1+\mathrm{cosh}(2|\beta _2|))}{2|\beta _2|^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\widehat{E}\right).`$ (147)
Anyway we determined each term of the connection. Since the connection form $`𝒜`$ is anti-hermitian ($`𝒜^{}=𝒜`$), it can be written as

$`𝒜=A_{\alpha _1}d\alpha _1+A_{\beta _1}d\beta _1+A_\xi d\xi +A_\zeta d\zeta +A_{\alpha _2}d\alpha _2+A_{\beta _2}d\beta _2`$
$`\left\{A_{\alpha _1}^{}d\overline{\alpha }_1+A_{\beta _1}^{}d\overline{\beta }_1+A_{\xi }^{}{}_{}{}^{}d\overline{\xi }+A_{\zeta }^{}{}_{}{}^{}d\overline{\zeta }+A_{\alpha _2}^{}d\overline{\alpha }_2+A_{\beta _2}^{}d\overline{\beta }_2\right\}.`$ (148)
But it is not easy (almost difficult ?) to calculate the curvature form $`=d𝒜+𝒜𝒜`$ making use of Proposition 3-3-2 like Theorem 3-1-4 from Proposition 3-1-3 and Theorem 3-2-4 from Proposition 3-2-3. This is a miserable task for us.

## 4 Problem on Universality

Here we list our important problem. What should be done in Holonomic Quantum Computer is to prove a universality () $`\mathrm{}`$ a holonomy group is irreducible in our terminology, see the below of (19).

Let us recall our model in sect. 3.3. The operator $`O_1(\alpha _1,\beta _1)`$ operates 1-st qubit space $`𝐂_{(1)}^2`$, $`O_2(\alpha _2,\beta _2)`$ operates 2-nd qubit space $`𝐂_{(2)}^2`$ and $`W(\xi ,\zeta )`$ operates 2-qubit space $`𝐂_{(1)}^2𝐂_{(2)}^2`$ intertwiningly. Therefore we call

$$Z(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)=O_1(\alpha _1,\beta _1)W(\xi ,\zeta )O_2(\alpha _2,\beta _2)$$
(149)
one set of fundamental operators. Since the parameter space is

$$=\left\{(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)𝐂^6\right\},$$
(150)
its dimension is $`\text{dim}_𝐑`$ = $`2\times 6`$ = 12, while $`\text{dim}_𝐑U(4)=4^2`$ = 16. The canonical connection on quantum computational bundle on $``$ is just $`𝒜`$ in (3.3).

Next we operate one set of fundamental operators twice :

$$Z^2Z^1Z(\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_1,\stackrel{~}{\beta }_1,\stackrel{~}{\xi },\stackrel{~}{\zeta },\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_2,\stackrel{~}{\beta }_2)Z(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2).$$
(151)
This parameter space is therefore

$$\stackrel{~}{}=\left\{(\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_1,\stackrel{~}{\beta }_1,\stackrel{~}{\xi },\stackrel{~}{\zeta },\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_2,\stackrel{~}{\beta }_2,\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)𝐂^{12}\right\},$$
(152)
its dimension is $`\text{dim}_𝐑\stackrel{~}{}`$ = $`2\times 12`$ = 24 $``$ 16 = $`\text{dim}_𝐑U(4)`$.

We expect that a canonical connection $`\stackrel{~}{𝒜}`$ on quantum computational bundle on $`\stackrel{~}{}`$ like $`𝒜`$ on $``$ is irreducible., namely $`Hol(\stackrel{~}{𝒜})=U(4)`$.

Since each term of curvature form is $`F_{\mu \nu }=_\mu A_\nu _\nu A_\mu +[A_\mu ,A_\nu ]`$, this contains a commutator term $`[A_\mu ,A_\nu ]`$. From (100) we have

$$[\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}]=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right),[\widehat{B}_1,\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2]=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right).$$
(153)
From these

$$[\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}]=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\end{array}\right),[\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}]=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 0\\ 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\end{array}\right).$$
(154)
Adding (153) and (154) to (100) we have

$`\{`$ $`\widehat{E},\widehat{B}_1,\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_1,\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},`$ (155)
$`[\widehat{B}_1,\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2],[\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}],[\widehat{B}_1\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}],[\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}]\}.`$
They are linearly independent in the Lie algebra $`u(4)`$ of $`U(4)`$ and $`\text{dim}_𝐑(\text{155})=15<16=\text{dim}_𝐑u(4)`$. A matrix is lacking, for example,

$$\left(\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right).$$

On the other hand it is easy to see

$$[\widehat{B}_1,[\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}]]=[\widehat{B}_1,\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}][\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}]=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right).$$
(156)
We note that matrices

$$\left(\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)$$

are linearly independent. Therefore the set

$$\{(\text{155}),[\widehat{B}_1,[\widehat{B}_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\widehat{B}_2,\widehat{B}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}]]\}$$
(157)
is linearly independent in $`u(4)`$ and its dimension is just 16 !

A comment is in order. To drive a matrix in the RHS of (156) in the framework of Holonomic Quantum Computation seems not easy. How can we get this matrix ? In my opinion two - dimensional holonomy are hopeful. For this subject the paper  is recommended. See also . For more than 3-qubit case a system of generalised holonomies $`\mathrm{}`$ usual holonomy, two-dimensional holonomy, etc $`\mathrm{}`$ should be taken into consideration. This point will be discussed in the forthcoming paper . Holonomic Quantum Computation will become more and more complicated.

Let us introduce an usual approach (a soft one). To prove a universality we have only to construct the Controlled–Not operator

$$\text{C-NOT}=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 1& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 1& \\ 0& 0& 1& 0& \end{array}\right)$$
(158)
, see the recent review paper  or . Here we define an operator

$$\text{X}=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1& 0& 0& 0& \\ 0& 1& 0& 0& \\ 0& 0& 1& 0& \\ 0& 0& 0& 1& \end{array}\right).$$
(159)
For the Hadamard operator $`H=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 1\\ 1& 1\end{array}\right)`$ $`\left(H^1=H,\text{or}H^2=E\right)`$ . it is easy to see

$$\left(EH\right)X\left(EH\right)=\text{C-NOT}\text{or}X=\left(EH\right)\text{C-NOT}\left(EH\right).$$
(160)
Therefore we have only to construct the operator $`X`$ in Holonomic Quantum Computer. To construct $`X`$ we have only to find a loop

$$\gamma :[0,1]𝐂^6\{(\alpha _1,\beta _1,\xi ,\zeta ,\alpha _2,\beta _2)\}$$
(161)
such that

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }_𝒜(\gamma )𝒫exp\left\{_\gamma 𝒜\right\}=X$$
(162)
for $`𝒜`$ in (3.3). To calculate this we use so-called non-abelian Stokes theorem, for example, see . But to use this theorem we must calculate the curvature form whether we like it or not.

## 5 Further Generalization

In this section we make a generalization of coherent operators based on $`𝐂`$ and $`su(2)`$ and $`su(1,1)`$  and , and propose a generalization of the method in sect.3.3.

Let us first consider extended coherent operators based on Lie algebras $`𝐂`$ and $`su(1,1)`$.

Definition We set

$`[\mathrm{NC}]`$ $`D(\alpha ,s)=e^{\alpha a^{}\overline{\alpha }a+isN}\mathrm{for}(\alpha ,s)𝐂\times 𝐑,`$ (163)
$`[\mathrm{NC}]`$ $`S(\beta ,t)=e^{\beta \stackrel{~}{K}_+\overline{\beta }\stackrel{~}{K}_{}+2it\stackrel{~}{K}_3}\mathrm{for}(\beta ,t)𝐂\times 𝐑.`$ (164)
Here let us list the disentangling formulas.

Lemma 5-1 We have

$`[\mathrm{NC}]D(\alpha ,s)`$ $`=`$ $`\text{exp}\{g(s)|\alpha |^2\}\text{exp}\{f(s)\alpha a^{}\}\text{exp}\{isN\}\text{exp}\{f(s)\overline{\alpha }a\},`$ (165)
where $`f(s)={\displaystyle \frac{e^{is}1}{is}},g(s)={\displaystyle \frac{e^{is}(1+is)}{s^2}},`$
$`[\mathrm{NC}]S(\beta ,t)`$ $`=`$ $`\text{exp}\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\gamma }{1ih}}\stackrel{~}{K}_+\right\}\text{exp}\left\{\text{log}{\displaystyle \frac{1+h^2|\gamma |^2}{(1ih)^2}}\stackrel{~}{K}_3\right\}\text{exp}\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\gamma }}{1ih}}\stackrel{~}{K}_{}\right\},`$ (166)
where $`\stackrel{~}{\kappa }=\sqrt{|\beta |^2t^2},\gamma ={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{tanh}\stackrel{~}{\kappa }}{\stackrel{~}{\kappa }}}\beta ,\overline{\gamma }={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{tanh}\stackrel{~}{\kappa }}{\stackrel{~}{\kappa }}}\overline{\beta },h={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{tanh}\stackrel{~}{\kappa }}{\stackrel{~}{\kappa }}}t`$ (167)
For the proof see  and appendix B.

Now we define an operator like $`O(\alpha ,\beta )`$ in (32) :

$$O(\alpha ,s,\beta ,t)=D(\alpha ,s)S(\beta ,t).$$
(168)
This operator operates on 1-qubit space $`𝐂^2`$.

Next let us consider extended coherent operators based on Lie algebras $`su(2)`$ and $`su(1,1)`$.

Definition We set

$`[\mathrm{C}]`$ $`U(\xi ,u)=e^{\xi J_+\overline{\xi }J_{}+2iuJ_3}\mathrm{for}(\xi ,u)𝐂\times 𝐑,`$ (169)
$`[\mathrm{NC}]`$ $`V(\zeta ,v)=e^{\zeta K_+\overline{\zeta }K_{}+2ivK_3}\mathrm{for}(\zeta ,v)𝐂\times 𝐑.`$ (170)
Here let us list the disentangling formulas.

Lemma 5-2 We have

$`[\mathrm{C}]U(\xi ,u)`$ $`=`$ $`\text{exp}\{{\displaystyle \frac{\mu }{1ik}}J_+\}\text{exp}\{\text{log}{\displaystyle \frac{1+k^2+|\mu |^2}{(1ik)^2}}J_3\}\text{exp}\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\mu }}{1ik}}J_{}\},`$ (171)
where $`\lambda =\sqrt{|\xi |^2+u^2},\mu ={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }}\xi ,\overline{\mu }={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }}\overline{\xi },k={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }}u.`$
$`[\mathrm{NC}]V(\zeta ,v)`$ $`=`$ $`\text{exp}\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\nu }{1il}}K_+\right\}\text{exp}\left\{\text{log}{\displaystyle \frac{1+l^2|\nu |^2}{(1il)^2}}K_3\right\}\text{exp}\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\nu }}{1il}}K_{}\right\},`$ (172)
where $`\kappa =\sqrt{|\zeta |^2v^2},\nu ={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{tanh}\kappa }{\kappa }}\zeta ,\overline{\nu }={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{tanh}\kappa }{\kappa }}\overline{\zeta },l={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{tanh}\kappa }{\kappa }}v.`$
For the proof see appendix B.

Now we define an operator like $`W(\xi ,\zeta )`$ in (56) :

$$W(\xi ,u,\zeta ,v)=U(\xi ,u)V(\zeta ,v).$$
(173)
This operator operates on 2-qubit space $`𝐂_{(1)}^2𝐂_{(2)}^2`$.

In the following we consider a generalization of sect.3.3. First of all let us define a full operator

$$\widehat{Z}(\alpha _1,s_1,\beta _1,t_1,\xi ,u,\zeta ,v,\alpha _2,s_2,\beta _2,t_2)=O_1(\alpha _1,s_1,\beta _1,t_1)W(\xi ,u,\zeta ,v)O_2(\alpha _2,s_2,\beta _2,t_2)$$
(174)
and a family of Hamiltonians

$`H_{(\alpha _1,s_1,\beta _1,t_1,\xi ,u,\zeta ,v,\alpha _2,s_2,\beta _2,t_2)}=`$
$`\widehat{Z}(\alpha _1,s_1,\beta _1,t_1,\xi ,u,\zeta ,v,\alpha _2,s_2,\beta _2,t_2)H_0\widehat{Z}(\alpha _1,s_1,\beta _1,t_1,\xi ,u,\zeta ,v,\alpha _2,s_2,\beta _2,t_2)^1`$ (175)
with $`H_0`$ in (52).

We note that our parameter space is

$$\widehat{}=\left\{(\alpha _1,s_1,\beta _1,t_1,\xi ,u,\zeta ,v,\alpha _2,s_2,\beta _2,t_2)𝐂^6\times 𝐑^6\right\},$$
(176)
and its dimension is $`\text{dim}_𝐑\widehat{}`$ = $`3\times 6`$ = 18 $`>`$ 16 = $`\text{dim}_𝐑U(4)`$.

We want to calculate a canonical connection $`\widehat{𝒜}`$ on quantum computational bundle on $`\widehat{}`$ like $`𝒜`$ on $``$ (3.3) and to study its holonomy group. But this is very hard task. We leave it to the readers with brute power of calculations.

Acknowledgment. The author wishes to thank Prof. Akio Hosoya who suggested me to perform the calculations in sect. 3.3.

Appendix A : Some Useful Formulas

Let us recall

$$U(\xi )=\text{exp}\left(\xi a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_2\overline{\xi }a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_1\right),V(\zeta )=\text{exp}\left(\zeta a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\overline{\zeta }a_2a_1\right).$$

From this

$`U(\xi )^1a_1U(\xi )`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)a_1+{\displaystyle \frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}}a_2,`$
$`U(\xi )^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}U(\xi )`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},`$
$`U(\xi )^1a_2U(\xi )`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)a_2{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}}a_1,`$
$`U(\xi )^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}U(\xi )`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}{\displaystyle \frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}.`$ (177)
Then

$`(U(\xi )^1a_1U(\xi ),U(\xi )^1a_2U(\xi ),U(\xi )^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}U(\xi ),U(\xi )^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}U(\xi ))`$
$`=(a_1,a_2,a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{})\left(\begin{array}{cccc}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& 0& 0\\ \frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& \mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}\\ 0& 0& \frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)\end{array}\right)`$ (182)
$`(a_1,a_2,a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{})𝐌_𝐔.`$ (183)
Next

$`V(\zeta )^1a_1V(\zeta )`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)a_1+{\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}}a_2,`$
$`V(\zeta )^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}V(\zeta )`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}}a_2,`$
$`V(\zeta )^1a_2V(\zeta )`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)a_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},`$
$`V(\zeta )^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}V(\zeta )`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}}a_1.`$ (184)
Then

$`(V(\zeta )^1a_1V(\zeta ),V(\zeta )^1a_2V(\zeta ),V(\zeta )^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}V(\zeta ),V(\zeta )^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}V(\zeta ))`$
$`=(a_1,a_2,a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{})\left(\begin{array}{cccc}\mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)& 0& 0& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\\ 0& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}& 0\\ 0& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)& 0\\ \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}& 0& 0& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\end{array}\right)`$ (189)
$`(a_1,a_2,a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{})𝐌_𝐕.`$ (190)
Here we set

$`(W(\xi ,\zeta )^1a_1W(\xi ,\zeta ),W(\xi ,\zeta )^1a_2W(\xi ,\zeta ),W(\xi ,\zeta )^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}W(\xi ,\zeta ),W(\xi ,\zeta )^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}W(\xi ,\zeta ))`$
$`=(a_1,a_2,a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{})𝐌_𝐖.`$ (191)
Let us calculate :

$`(W^1a_1W,W^1a_2W,W^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}W,W^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}W)`$ (192)
$`=(V^1U^1a_1UV,V^1U^1a_2UV,V^1U^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}UV,V^1U^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}UV)`$
$`=V^1(U^1a_1U,U^1a_2U,U^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}U,U^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}U)V`$
$`=(V^1a_1V,V^1a_2V,V^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}V,V^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}V)𝐌_𝐔`$
$`=(a_1,a_2,a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{})𝐌_𝐕𝐌_𝐔`$
Namely, $`𝐌_𝐖=𝐌_𝐕𝐌_𝐔`$. Let us calculate $`𝐌_𝐖`$ :

$$M_W=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}\mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)\\ \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}\\ \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}\\ \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)\end{array}\right)$$
(193)
Moreover since

$`O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_1O_2=a_1,O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}O_2=a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},`$
$`O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2O_2=\alpha _2+\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _2|)a_2+{\displaystyle \frac{\beta _2\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _2|)}{|\beta _2|}}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{},`$
$`O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}O_2=\overline{\alpha }_2+\mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _2|)a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}+{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\beta }_2\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _2|)}{|\beta _2|}}a_2,`$ (194)
we have in matrix form

$`(\mathrm{𝟏},O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_1O_2,O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2O_2,O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}O_2,O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}O_2)`$
$`=(\mathrm{𝟏},a_1,a_2,a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{})\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1& 0& \alpha _2& 0& \overline{\alpha }_2\\ 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& \mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _2|)& 0& \frac{\overline{\beta }_2\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _2|)}{|\beta _2|}\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& \frac{\beta _2\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _2|)}{|\beta _2|}& 0& \mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _2|)\end{array}\right)`$ (200)
$`(\mathrm{𝟏},a_1,a_2,a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{})\stackrel{~}{𝐌}_𝐎.`$ (201)
Here we define for later convenience

$$\stackrel{~}{𝐌}_𝐖=\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& 𝐌_𝐖\end{array}\right),$$
(202)
which is in matrix form

$`\stackrel{~}{𝐌}_𝐖=`$
$`\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)\\ 0& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}\\ 0& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}\\ 0& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)\end{array}\right).`$ (208)
Therefore

$`(\mathrm{𝟏},O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}W^1a_1WO_2,O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}W^1a_2WO_2,O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}W^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}WO_2,O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}W^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}WO_2)`$
$`=O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}(\mathrm{𝟏},W^1a_1W,W^1a_2W,W^1a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}W,W^1a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}W)O_2`$
$`=(\mathrm{𝟏},O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_1O_2,O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_2O_2,O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{}O_2,O_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{1}a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{}O_2)\stackrel{~}{𝐌}_𝐖`$
$`=(\mathrm{𝟏},a_1,a_2,a_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{},a_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{})\stackrel{~}{𝐌}_𝐎\stackrel{~}{𝐌}_𝐖.`$ (210)
We have only to calculate the matrix multiplication $`\stackrel{~}{𝐌}_𝐎\stackrel{~}{𝐌}_𝐖`$.

$`\stackrel{~}{𝐌}_𝐎\stackrel{~}{𝐌}_𝐖=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1& 0& \alpha _2& 0& \overline{\alpha }_2\\ 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& \mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _2|)& 0& \frac{\overline{\beta }_2\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _2|)}{|\beta _2|}\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& \frac{\beta _2\mathrm{sinh}(|\beta _2|)}{|\beta _2|}& 0& \mathrm{cosh}(|\beta _2|)\end{array}\right)\times `$ (216)
$`\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)\\ 0& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\overline{\zeta }\mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}\\ 0& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\xi \mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}\\ 0& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)& \frac{\zeta \mathrm{sinh}(|\zeta |)}{|\zeta |}\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\frac{\overline{\xi }\mathrm{sin}(|\xi |)}{|\xi |}& \mathrm{cosh}(|\zeta |)\mathrm{cos}(|\xi |)\end{array}\right).`$ (222)
Appendix B : Disentangling Formulas

Let us prove the disentangling formulas Lemma 5-2 for extended coherent operators. Let $`\rho `$ be a representation of Lie group $`SU(2)SL(2,𝐂)`$

$$\rho :SL(2,𝐂)U()$$
(224)
with some special conditions, see  and , and

$$J_+=d\rho (j_+),J_{}=d\rho (j_{}),J_3=d\rho (j_{})$$
(225)
where

$$j_+=\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 0& 0\end{array}\right),j_{}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& 0\\ 1& 0\end{array}\right),j_3=\frac{1}{2}\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right).$$
(226)
In this case

$`\text{exp}\left(\xi J_+\overline{\xi }J_{}+2iuJ_3\right)`$
$`=\text{exp}\left(d\rho \left(\begin{array}{cc}iu& \xi \\ \overline{\xi }& iu\end{array}\right)\right)=\rho \left(\text{exp}\left(\begin{array}{cc}iu& \xi \\ \overline{\xi }& iu\end{array}\right)\right)\rho (\text{e}^A).`$ (231)
Then it is easy to see

$$A^2=\left(u^2+|\xi |^2\right)E\lambda ^2E$$

, so we have

$`\text{e}^A=\mathrm{cos}\lambda E+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sin}\lambda }{\lambda }}A=\left(\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{cos}\lambda +\frac{\mathrm{sin}\lambda }{\lambda }(iu)& \frac{\mathrm{sin}\lambda }{\lambda }\xi \\ \frac{\mathrm{sin}\lambda }{\lambda }\overline{\xi }& \mathrm{cos}\lambda \frac{\mathrm{sin}\lambda }{\lambda }(iu)\end{array}\right).`$ (234)
For $`\text{e}^A=\left(\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right)(adbc=1)`$, the Gauss decomposition of this matrix is given by

$$\left(\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& \frac{b}{d}\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{d}& 0\\ 0& d\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ \frac{c}{d}& 1\end{array}\right).$$
(235)
Since $`\rho `$ is a representation of Lie group (not Lie algebra) we have

$`\rho \left(\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& \frac{b}{d}\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{d}& 0\\ 0& d\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ \frac{c}{d}& 1\end{array}\right)\right)`$ (242)
$`=\rho \left(\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& \frac{b}{d}\\ 0& 1\end{array}\right)\right)\rho \left(\left(\begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{d}& \\ 0& d\end{array}\right)\right)\rho \left(\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ \frac{c}{d}& 1\end{array}\right)\right)`$ (249)
$`=\rho \left(\text{exp}\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& \frac{b}{d}\\ 0& 0\end{array}\right)\right)\rho \left(\text{exp}\left(\begin{array}{cc}\text{log}d& 0\\ 0& \text{log}d\end{array}\right)\right)\rho \left(\text{exp}\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& 0\\ \frac{c}{d}& 0\end{array}\right)\right)`$ (256)
$`=\text{exp}\left(d\rho \left(\begin{array}{cc}0& \frac{b}{d}\\ 0& 0\end{array}\right)\right)\text{exp}\left(d\rho \left(\begin{array}{cc}\text{log}d& 0\\ 0& \text{log}d\end{array}\right)\right)\text{exp}\left(d\rho \left(\begin{array}{cc}0& 0\\ \frac{c}{d}& 0\end{array}\right)\right)`$ (263)
$`=\text{exp}\left({\displaystyle \frac{b}{d}}d\rho (j_+)\right)\text{exp}\left(2\text{log}d\rho (j_3)\right)\text{exp}\left({\displaystyle \frac{c}{d}}d\rho (j_{})\right)`$
$`=\text{exp}\left({\displaystyle \frac{b}{d}}J_+\right)\text{exp}\left(2\text{log}dJ_3\right)\text{exp}\left({\displaystyle \frac{c}{d}}J_{}\right)`$
$`=\text{exp}\left({\displaystyle \frac{b}{d}}J_+\right)\text{exp}\left(\text{log}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{d^2}}\right)J_3\right)\text{exp}\left({\displaystyle \frac{c}{d}}J_{}\right)`$ (264)
where

$`{\displaystyle \frac{b}{d}}={\displaystyle \frac{\frac{\mathrm{sin}\lambda }{\lambda }\xi }{\mathrm{cos}\lambda iu\frac{\mathrm{sin}\lambda }{\lambda }}}={\displaystyle \frac{\frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }\xi }{1iu\frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }}}`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{c}{d}}={\displaystyle \frac{\frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }\overline{\xi }}{1iu\frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }}}`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{d^2}}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{\left(\mathrm{cos}\lambda iu\frac{\mathrm{sin}\lambda }{\lambda }\right)^2}}={\displaystyle \frac{\frac{1}{\mathrm{cos}\lambda ^2}}{\left(1iu\frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }\right)^2}}={\displaystyle \frac{1+\mathrm{tan}\lambda ^2}{\left(1iu\frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }\right)^2}}.`$ (265)
For simplicity we set

$$\mu =\frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }\xi ,\overline{\mu }=\frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }\overline{\xi },k=\frac{\mathrm{tan}\lambda }{\lambda }u,$$
(266)
then it is easy to see

$$\frac{b}{d}=\frac{\mu }{1ik},\frac{c}{d}=\frac{\overline{\mu }}{1ik},\frac{1}{d^2}=\frac{1+|\mu |^2+k^2}{(1ik)^2}.$$
(267)
We could prove \[C\] in Lemma 5-2 under some conditions. To remove these conditions (to extend from a representation of Lie groups to a representation of Lie algebras) we needs some tricks. But we omit the details, see .

Similar method is still valid for a representation of Lie group $`SU(1,1)`$ to prove \[NC\] in Lemma 5-2. But we don’t repeat here, so leave it to the readers.