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# Fermionic formulas for (𝑘,3)-admissible configurations

## 1. Introduction

Let $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_r`$ be the affine Lie algebra $`𝔰𝔩_r[t,t^1]cd`$ and $`L(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ the integrable highest weight module for dominant integral weight $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ of level $`k`$. We denote by $`𝔞`$ the commutative Lie subalgebra of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_r`$ generated by the elements

$`e_{21}[n],e_{31}[n],\mathrm{},e_{r1}[n],n.`$
Consider the $`𝔞`$-submodule

$`W(\mathrm{\Lambda }):=U(𝔞)v_\mathrm{\Lambda },`$ (1.1)
where $`v_\mathrm{\Lambda }L(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ is the highest weight vector satisfying $`e_{ij}[n]v_\lambda =0,(n>0)`$. Our problem is to find some formulas for the character of $`W(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$. In \[P\], Primc constructed a basis of $`W(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$. His basis consists of vectors parametrized by the combinatorial object called $`(k,r)`$-admissible configurations. We can introduce some degrees on $`(k,r)`$-admissible configurations and define the character, which is equal to that of $`W(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$. In \[FJLMM1\] certain formulas, called ‘bosonic formulas’, for the character of $`(k,r)`$-admissible configurations are obtained (see also \[FJLMM2\]). Connections to Jack and Macdonald polynomials are discussed in \[FJMM1, FJMM2, FJMMT1\]. In this paper we find another type of formulas in the cases of $`r=2`$ and $`r=3`$.

We start from an algebra $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ isomorphic to $`W(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ as vector spaces. The algebra $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ is constructed by generators $`e_{21}[n],\mathrm{},e_{r1}[n],(n0)`$ with some relations. We will obtain the Gordon-type (or ‘fermionic’) formulas for the character of $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ by using vertex operators.

Let $`𝒲`$ be a vector space with non-degenerate quadratic form $`,`$, and let $`\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ be an integral lattice in $`𝒲`$, i.e., $`\gamma _1,\gamma _2𝐙`$ for any $`\gamma _1,\gamma _2\mathrm{\Gamma }`$. With such data we can associate a lattice vertex operator algebra $`𝒱_\mathrm{\Gamma }`$. The algebra $`𝒱_\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ is generated by vertex operators $`V(\gamma ,z)`$ $`(\gamma \mathrm{\Gamma },z𝐂)`$. Let us take a set $`\{p_1,\mathrm{},p_n\}`$ of linearly independent vectors from $`𝒲`$, and consider the subalgebra $`𝒞`$ generated by the vertex operators $`a_1(z),\mathrm{},a_n(z)`$ where $`a_i(z)=V(p_i,z)`$. The operators $`a_i(z)`$ satisfy quadratic relations. It can be easily formulated in the case when $`p_i,p_j0`$ for all $`i,j`$. In this case, we have

$`[a_\alpha (z),a_\alpha (w)]_\pm =0,\text{ where }+(\text{resp., })\text{ if }p_\alpha ,p_\alpha \text{ is odd (resp., even)},`$ (1.2)
$`[a_\alpha (z),a_\beta (w)]=0,\text{ if }\alpha \beta ,`$ (1.3)
$`a_\alpha (z)_z^la_\beta (z)=0\text{ for }l<p_\alpha ,p_\beta .`$ (1.4)
If $`p_\alpha ,p_\beta <0`$, then the relations are also quadratic, but $`a_\alpha (z)`$ and $`a_\beta (w)`$ are not commutative.

Let us continue the discussion under the condition $`p_i,p_j0`$. It is important that the relations (1.2)–(1.4) are the set of defining relations. This fact actually is equivalent to the following statement about representations of $`𝒞`$. Let $`a_\alpha [i]`$ be components of $`a_\alpha (z)`$, i.e., $`a_\alpha (z)=_ia_\alpha [i]z^i`$. Choose the irreducible representation of $`𝒱_\mathrm{\Gamma }`$ with the vacuum vector $`v`$ satisfying $`a_\alpha [i]v=0`$ for $`i0`$. Consider the space $`W=𝒞v`$. Let $`\theta :W𝐂`$ be a linear functional. Define the function

$$\mathrm{\Psi }_\theta ^{\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _m}(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)=\theta ,a_{\alpha _1}(z_1)\mathrm{}a_{\alpha _m}(z_m)v.$$

It has a form

$`\mathrm{\Psi }_\theta ^{\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _m}(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)=F(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m){\displaystyle \underset{i}{}}z_i{\displaystyle \underset{i<j}{}}(z_iz_j)^{p_{\alpha _i},p_{\alpha _j}},`$ (1.5)
where $`F`$ is a polynomial which is symmetric with respect to the transposition of $`z_i`$ with $`z_j`$ if $`\alpha _i=\alpha _j`$.

Let $`S`$ be the space of functions of the form (1.5). More precisely, we have a direct sum $`S=S_{\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _m}`$, where the set of indices $`(\alpha _1\mathrm{},\alpha _m)`$ is defined up to permutations. The statement is that the map $`W^{}S`$ is an isomorphism. This fact is equivalent to the relations (1.2)–(1.4), and also gives a possibility of writing down the character of the space $`W`$. The space $`W`$ is naturally graded by $`dega_\alpha [i]=i`$ as well as the function space $`S`$ by $`degz_i=1`$, and we have the equality of the corresponding characters: $`chW=_{(\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _m)}chS_{\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _m}`$. We have

$$chS_{\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _m}=\underset{m_1,\mathrm{},m_n0}{}\frac{q^{_jm_j+_{i<j}p_{\alpha _i},p_{\alpha _j}m_im_j}}{(q)_{m_1}\mathrm{}(q)_{m_n}},$$

where $`m_j`$ is the number of $`i`$ such that $`\alpha _i=j`$. Using this formula, we get a Gordon-type formula for the character of the space $`W`$.

Our strategy is to compare the more complicated algebras with the algebras like $`𝒞`$. Let us consider the simplest example.

In the algebra $`E=𝐂[e[0],e[1],e[2],\mathrm{}]`$ there are a sequence of ideals $`EJ_1J_2\mathrm{}`$. Here $`J_s`$ is the ideal generated by the components $`e^{(s)}[i]`$ of the current $`e(z)^s=(e[i]z^i)^s=e^{(s)}[i]z^i`$. We want to study the quotient $`E/J_{k+1}=E_k`$. Filter $`E_k`$ by ideals

$$E_kJ_kJ_k^2\mathrm{},$$

and construct the corresponding associated graded algebra

$$E_k^{(1)}=E_k/J_kJ_k/J_k^2J_k^2/J_k^3\mathrm{}.$$

We denote by the same symbol $`J_k`$ the image of $`J_kE`$ in $`E_k`$. Note that $`E_k/J_kE_{k1}`$ and the algebra $`E_k^{(1)}`$ is generated by the components of the currents $`e(z)E_k/J_k`$ and $`e^{(k)}(z)J_k/J_k^2`$. The current $`e^{(k)}(z)`$ corresponds to the current $`e(z)^k`$ from $`E`$. In the algebra $`E_k/J_kE_{k1}`$ we have ideals $`E_{k1}J_1J_2\mathrm{}J_{k1}`$. Let $`J_s^{(1)}`$ be an ideal in $`E_k^{(1)}`$ generated by $`J_sE_{k1}`$. In $`E_k^{(1)}`$ there are ideals $`J_1^{(1)}J_2^{(1)}\mathrm{}J_{k1}^{(1)}`$. We can repeat such a construction and get the algebra

$$E_k^{(2)}=E_k^{(1)}/J_{k1}^{(1)}J_{k1}^{(1)}/(J_{k1}^{(1)})^2\mathrm{}.$$

Obviously, the algebra $`E_k^{(2)}`$ is generated by the component of the currents $`e(z)`$, $`e^{(k)}(z)E_k^{(1)}/J_{k1}^{(1)}`$ and $`e^{(k1)}(z)J_{k1}^{(1)}/(J_{k1}^{(1)})^2`$. In $`E_{k2}=E^{(1)}/J_{k1}^{(1)}`$ we have its own sequence of ideals $`E_{k2}J_1J_2\mathrm{}J_{k2}`$, and we can repeat what we did before. As a result we get an algebra $`E_k^{(2)}`$ which is generated by $`e(z),e^{(k1)}(z),e^{(k)}(z)`$. Then, filter $`E_k^{(2)}`$ again, and so on. In the end we construct an algebra $`E_k^{(k)}`$, which we denote by $`B_k`$. The algebra $`B_k`$ is generated by $`e(z)=e^{(1)}(z),e^{(2)}(z),\mathrm{},e^{(k)}(z)`$. It has many gradings. Surely, it inherits the $`q`$-grading, $`\mathrm{deg}e_i=i`$. It has also $`𝐙^k`$-grading: each of the generators $`e^{(\alpha )}(z)`$ is homogeneous and has grading $`(0,\mathrm{},\stackrel{\alpha \mathrm{th}}{1},\mathrm{},0)`$. By a simple calculation, one can check that the generators $`e^{(\alpha )}(z)`$ satisfy the quadratic relations,

$`e^{(\alpha )}(z)_z^le^{(\beta )}(z)=0\text{ for }l<2\mathrm{min}(\alpha ,\beta ).`$ (1.6)
Actually, these relations are defining relations for $`B_k`$. One way to prove this statement is to compare $`B_k`$ with some algebra generated by vertex operators. Now, we explain how to do it.

Consider an integrable representation of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_2`$ of level $`k`$. It is known that in such a representation the current $`e_{21}(z)`$ satisfies the relation $`e_{21}(z)^{k+1}=0`$. Here $`e_{21}`$ is the nilpotent generator of $`𝔰𝔩_2`$ and $`e_{21}(z)`$ is the corresponding current.

The explicit construction of such an $`e_{21}(z)`$ uses the so-called vertex operator realization. To do it consider the vector space $`𝒲`$ with a base $`p_1,\mathrm{},p_k`$ and a bilinear form $`p_i,p_j=2\delta _{i,j}`$. Let $`a_i(z)=V(p_i,z)`$ and $`b_i(z)=V(p_i,z)`$. Let $`e_{21}(z)=a_1(z)+\mathrm{}+a_k(z)`$ and $`e_{12}(z)=b_1(z)+\mathrm{}+b_k(z)`$. It is well-known that such $`e_{21}(z)`$ and $`e_{12}(z)`$ generate $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_2`$ of level $`k`$. The whole construction is nothing but the tensor product of $`k`$ copies of the standard vertex oeprator realization of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_2`$ of level $`1`$.

The representation of the corresponding vertex operator algebra after restriction to $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_2`$ is a sum of integrable representations of level $`k`$. Choose the vacuum vector $`v`$ in the representation $``$ of the vertex operator algebra which generates the vacuum module for $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_2`$. (Our convention is such that $`e_{ij}[n]v=0`$ for $`n>0`$.) There is a map $`\phi :E_k`$ such that $`P(e[0],e[1],\mathrm{})\stackrel{\phi }{}P(e[0],e[1],\mathrm{})v`$. We will prove that $`\phi `$ is an embedding.

Consider the family of maps $`\phi _\epsilon :E_k`$ where $`\epsilon 𝐂,\epsilon 0`$ which send $`e_{21}[i]`$ to the $`i`$-th component of the current $`e_\epsilon (z)=a_1(z)+\epsilon a_2(z)+\mathrm{}+\epsilon ^{k1}a_k(z)`$. Let $`\phi _0`$ be the limit of $`\phi _\epsilon `$ when $`\epsilon 0`$. More precisely, we want to study the limit $`W_0`$ of the image of $`\phi _\epsilon `$ when $`\epsilon 0`$. First consider the limit of operators

$`\underset{\epsilon 0}{lim}e_\epsilon (z)=a_1(z),`$
$`\underset{\epsilon 0}{lim}\epsilon ^1e_\epsilon (z)^2=a_1(z)a_2(z),`$
$`\mathrm{},`$
$`\underset{\epsilon 0}{lim}\epsilon ^{1s}e_\epsilon (z)^s=a_1(z)\mathrm{}a_s(z).`$
Note that $`\rho _s(z)=a_1(z)\mathrm{}a_s(z)`$ are vertex operators $`V(q_s,z)`$ where $`q_s`$’s are vectors such that $`q_\alpha ,q_\beta =2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(\alpha ,\beta )`$. It means that they satisfy the same quadratic relations as generators $`e_{21}^{(\alpha )}(z)`$ in the algebra $`B_k`$. Looking more carefully at the limit $`\epsilon 0`$, it is possible to show that we have a surjection $`B_k\mathrm{lim}_{\epsilon 0}\phi _\epsilon (E_k)`$. It means that there is a family of algebras $`U_\epsilon `$ such that $`U_0B_k`$, $`U_\epsilon E_k`$ for $`\epsilon 0`$, and $`\phi _\epsilon :U_\epsilon `$. Therefore, we have a surjection $`B_kW_0`$, and in $`W_0`$ there is a subspace $`\stackrel{~}{W}_0=𝒞v`$ where $`𝒞`$ is the algebra generated by $`\rho _s(z)`$.

Comparing the characters of $`B_k,\stackrel{~}{W}_0`$ and $`W_0`$ we get that actually they are all isomorphic. As a corollary, we establish the Gordon-type formula for the character of $`E_k`$.

There are many cases that can be studied in a similar manner. We can replace $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_2`$ by $`\widehat{𝔤}`$ for any simply-laced semi-simple Lie algebra $`𝔤`$. Let $`𝔫`$ be a maximal nilpotent subalgebra in $`𝔤`$, $`L_k`$ the vacuum representation of $`\widehat{𝔤}`$ of level $`k`$, $`v`$ the vacuum vector of $`L_k`$ and $`W_0=U(\widehat{𝔫})vL_k`$.

Following \[FK\] we can realize $`L_1`$ as a representation of some lattice vertex operator algebra. In this construction, simple root generators $`g_\alpha (z)\widehat{𝔫}`$ are just vertex operators (up to some twisting, which is not essential in our argument). Operators $`g_\alpha (z)`$ in representation of level $`k`$ can be represented as a sum of vertex operators: $`g_\alpha (z)=g_\alpha ^{(1)}(z)+g_\alpha ^{(2)}(z)+\mathrm{}+g_\alpha ^{(k)}(z)`$. Now let us use the same $`\epsilon `$-method. Namely, introduce operators

$$g_{\alpha ,\epsilon }(z)=g_\alpha ^{(1)}(z)+\epsilon g_\alpha ^{(2)}(z)+\mathrm{}+\epsilon ^{k1}g_\alpha ^{(k)}(z).$$

Again, we consider the limit $`\epsilon 0`$, and repeating the process in the $`\widehat{𝔰l}_2`$ case we get the following result, which was formulated in \[FS\].

$$chW_0=\underset{m_1,\mathrm{},m_{kr}}{}\frac{q^{\frac{1}{2}D𝐦,𝐦}}{(q)_{m_1}\mathrm{}(q)_{m_{kr}}}.$$

Here $`r`$ is the rank of $`𝔤`$ and $`D`$ is the tensor product of two matrices $`CG`$, where $`C`$ is the Cartan matrix of $`𝔤`$ and $`G`$ is the $`k\times k`$ Gordon matrix, i.e., $`G=(G_{\alpha ,\beta })`$ where $`G_{\alpha ,\beta }=\mathrm{min}(\alpha ,\beta )`$.

In a slightly different manner, the same method is used for the problem which we will consider in this paper.

Let $`L_k`$ be the vacuum representation of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$ of level $`k`$. By $`e_{ij}(z)`$ we denote the standard basis of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$ ($`1i,j3`$). Let $`a(z)=e_{21}(z)`$ and $`b(z)=e_{31}(z)`$. It is known that in $`L_k`$ the currents $`a(z)`$ and $`b(z)`$ satisfy the relations

$$a(z)^\alpha b(z)^\beta =0\text{ if }\alpha +\beta =k+1.$$

These are equivalent to the integrability of representation. For $`k=1`$, $`a(z)`$ and $`b(z)`$ can be realized by vertex operators: $`a(z)=V(q_1,z)`$ and $`b(z)=V(q_2,z)`$ where $`q_1,q_1=q_2,q_2=2`$ and $`q_1,q_2=1`$. Again, for a bigger $`k`$, we consider $`a(z)=V(t_1,z)+\mathrm{}+V(t_k,z)`$ and $`b(z)=V(s_1,z)+\mathrm{}+V(s_k,z)`$ where $`t_1,\mathrm{},t_k`$ and $`s_1,\mathrm{},s_k`$ are vectors with the scalar products $`t_i,t_i=s_i,s_i=2`$, $`s_i,t_i=1`$ and$`t_i,t_j=s_i,s_j=s_i,t_j=0`$ for $`ij`$.

Degeneration is given by formulas

$`a(\epsilon ,z)=V(t_1,z)+\epsilon V(t_2,z)+\mathrm{}+\epsilon ^{k1}V(t_k,z),`$
$`b(\epsilon ,z)=\epsilon ^{k1}V(t_1,z)+\epsilon ^{k2}V(t_2,z)+\mathrm{}+V(t_k,z).`$
The Gordon-type formula for the character of $`W_0=𝒞v`$ where $`𝒞`$ is generated by $`a(z),b(z)`$ and $`v`$ is the vacuum vector in $`L_k`$, can be found in Theorem 8.8. Again we have vertex operators which represent the currents $`a(z)^\alpha `$ and $`b(z)^\beta `$, $`\alpha ,\beta k`$. Now $`a(z)^\alpha a(w)^\beta (zw)^{2\mathrm{min}(\alpha ,\beta )}`$. By this we mean that in the representation an arbitrary matrix element $`\theta ^{},a(z)^\alpha a(w)^\beta \theta `$ has the form $`(zw)^{2\mathrm{min}(\alpha ,\beta )}f(z,w)`$ where $`f(z,w)`$ is a Laurent polynomial. The currents $`b(z)^\beta `$ have the same properties and $`a(z)^\alpha b(w)^\beta (zw)^{(\alpha +\beta k)_+}`$, with $`(m)_+=\mathrm{max}(m,0)`$.

In our paper we use the same $`\epsilon `$-method to study $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$ representations a little differently. Let us combine the currents $`a(z)`$ and $`b(z)`$ into a single one as $`e(z)=a(z^2)+zb(z^2)`$. The relations $`a^\alpha (z)b^\beta (z)=0`$ ($`\alpha +\beta =k+1`$) can be written in terms of $`e(z)`$ as $`e^\alpha (z)e^\beta (z)=0`$ ($`\alpha +\beta =k+1`$). The algebra $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$ has a vertex operator realization where the current $`e(z)`$ is a sum of vertex operators, and all previous techniques can be used. For $`k=1`$, $`e(z)`$ satisfies the relations $`e(z)^2=0`$ and $`e(z)e(z)=0`$. The matrix elements $`\theta ^{},e(z_1)e(z_2)\theta `$ have the form $`(z_1z_2)^2(z_1+z_2)f(z_1,z_2)`$ where $`f(z_1,z_2)`$ is a Laurent polynomial. Such an $`e(z)`$ can be realized as a vertex operator. An explicit formula is given by $`E_{l+1}(z)`$ in (9.26). For $`k=2`$, $`e(z)`$ satisfies $`e(z)^3=0`$ and $`e(z)^2e(z)=0`$. Such an operator can be constructed as a sum $`e(z)=a_1(z)+a_2(z)`$, with $`[a_i(z),a_i(w)]=0`$, $`a_i(z)^2=0`$ and $`a_1(z)a_2(z)=0`$. Since the relations for $`a_i(z)`$ are quadratic, they can be realized as vertex operators.

In general, for even $`k=2s`$, we set

$`e(z)=a_1(z)+\mathrm{}+a_s(z)+b_1(z)+\mathrm{}+b_s(z),`$
$`[a_i(z),a_j(w)]=0,[b_i(z),b_j(w)]=0,[a_i(z),b_j(w)]=0,`$
$`a_i(z)^2=0,b_i(z)^2=0,a_i(z)b_i(z)=0.`$
For odd $`k=2s+1`$,

$`e(z)=a_1(z)+\mathrm{}+a_s(z)+c(z)+b_1(z)+\mathrm{}+b_s(z),`$
where $`a_i(z),b_i(z)`$ satisfy the same relations as above, and

$`[c(z),a_i(w)]=0,[c(z),b_i(w)]=0,c(z)^2=0,c(z)c(z)=0.`$
Such $`a_i(z),b_i(z),c(z)`$ can be constructed as vertex operators, and these operators are a part of a vertex operator realization of the entire algebra $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$. The $`\epsilon `$-deformation for even $`k`$ is given by

$`e_\epsilon (z)=a_1(z)+\epsilon a_2(z)+\mathrm{}+\epsilon ^{s1}a_s(z)+\epsilon ^sb_1(z)+\mathrm{}+\epsilon ^{2s1}b_s(z),`$
and similarly for odd $`k`$.

The plan of this paper is as follows. Throughout this paper we consider $`(k,2)`$ or $`(k,3)`$-admissible configurations with the initial condition $`a_0b_0`$, see (2.12). This corresponds to the case of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=(kb_0)\mathrm{\Lambda }_0+b_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_1`$ for $`r=2`$, and $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=b_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_1+(kb_0)\mathrm{\Lambda }_2`$ for $`r=3`$. Here $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_i`$’s are the fundamental weights of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_r`$. As we mentioned above, the case $`r=2`$ has been studied in \[FS\]. Nevertheless we give here the details in order to illustrate the method of vertex operators. The fermionic formulas for $`r=3`$ are new. First we introduce the algebra $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}`$ in Section 2. From Section 3 to Section 7 we consider the case of $`r=2`$. In Section 3 the dual space $`(E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,2)})^{}`$ is realized as the space of functions $`F^{(k,2)}`$. In order to calculate the character of $`F^{(k,2)}`$ we define certain filtration $`\{\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda \}`$ on $`F^{(k,2)}`$ in Section 4. Each component of the associated graded space determined by this filtration is embedded into a space of functions $`G_\lambda ^{(2)}𝒮_\lambda `$, see Proposition 6.2. We will prove that this embedding is surjective by using vertex operators. We summarize some properties of vertex operators constructed with $`k`$-dimensional bosons in Section 5. In Section 6 we give the current $`e_{21}(z)`$ using the vertex operator and prove that the dual space $`\stackrel{~}{W}_0^{}`$ is isomorphic to the space $`G_\lambda ^{(2)}𝒮_\lambda `$. This implies surjectivity of the embedding and we get the fermionic formula for the character of $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,2)}`$, which is given in Section 7. In Section 8 we apply the argument above to the case of $`r=3`$. We use the two currents $`e_{21}(z)`$ and $`e_{31}(z)`$ and obtain the fermionic formula. As mentioned before we can construct a little different realization of the representation of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$ by using the mixed current $`e(z)=e_{21}(z^2)+ze_{31}(z^2)`$. This representation is of highest weight $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=[\frac{k+1}{2}]\mathrm{\Lambda }_1+[\frac{k}{2}]\mathrm{\Lambda }_2`$. In Section 9 we obtain another type of fermionic formula in this special case using the current $`e(z)`$. This fermionic formula is the one obtained from a combinatorial point of view in \[FJMMT2\]. We give additional results and discuss some remaining problems in Section 10.

## 2. Preliminaries

### 2.1. A polynomial algebra $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}`$

Let $`r`$ be a positive integer. Consider the polynomial ring

$`E^{(r)}:=[e_1[n],e_2[n],\mathrm{},e_{r1}[n];n0].`$ (2.1)
We define formal power series $`e_j(z)`$ in $`z`$ by

$`e_j(z):={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}e_j[n]z^n,(j=1,\mathrm{},r1).`$ (2.2)
Denote by $`\{\mathrm{\Lambda }_i\}_{i=0}^{r1}`$ the set of the fundamental weights of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_r`$. Let $`k`$ be a positive integer and $`𝐛=(b_0,\mathrm{},b_{r2})`$ a vector with non-negative integer entries such that

$`0b_0\mathrm{}b_{r2}k.`$ (2.3)
We set the dominant integral weight $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ of level $`k`$ by

$`\mathrm{\Lambda }=(kb_{r2})\mathrm{\Lambda }_0+b_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_1+(b_1b_0)\mathrm{\Lambda }_2+\mathrm{}+(b_{r2}b_{r3})\mathrm{\Lambda }_{r1}.`$ (2.4)
Denote by $`J_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}`$ the ideal of $`E^{(r)}`$ generated by the elements

$`e_1[0]^{c_0}\mathrm{}e_{i+1}[0]^{c_i},(i=0,\mathrm{},r2),`$ (2.5)
where $`c_i`$’s are non-negative integers such that

$`c_0+\mathrm{}+c_i>b_i,`$ (2.6)
and all the coefficients of the power series in the following form:

$`e_1(z)^{p_1}\mathrm{}e_{r1}(z)^{p_{r1}},`$ (2.7)
where $`p_1,\mathrm{},p_{r1}`$ are non-negative integers satisfying

$`p_1+\mathrm{}+p_{r1}=k+1.`$ (2.8)
Set

$`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}:=E^{(r)}/J_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}.`$ (2.9)
Now we give a basis of the vector space $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}`$. For $`eE^{(r)}`$ we denote by $`\overline{e}E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}`$ the image of $`e`$ by the projection $`E^{(r)}E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}`$. Let $`𝐚=(a_i)_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ be a sequence of non-negative integers with finitely many non-zero entries. We define $`e(𝐚)E^{(r)}`$ by

$`e(𝐚)`$ $`:=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{n0}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{r1}{}}}e_i[n]^{a_{(r1)n+i1}}`$ (2.10)
$`=`$ $`\mathrm{}e_{r1}[1]^{a_{2r3}}\mathrm{}e_1[1]^{a_{r1}}e_{r1}[0]^{a_{r2}}\mathrm{}e_1[0]^{a_0}.`$
A sequence $`𝐚=(a_i)_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}`$ of integers with finitely many non-zero entries is called $`(k,r)`$-admissible if

$`0a_ik,a_i+\mathrm{}+a_{i+r1}k`$ (2.11)
for all $`i0`$. Denote by $`C_𝐛^{(k,r)}`$ the set of all $`(k,r)`$-admissible sequences such that

$`a_0b_0,a_0+a_1b_1,\mathrm{},a_0+\mathrm{}+a_{r2}b_{r2}.`$ (2.12)
###### Proposition 2.1.

The set

$`\{\overline{e(𝐚)};𝐚C_𝐛^{(k,r)}\}`$ (2.13)
is a basis of $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}`$.

This proposition is a special case of the result by Primc \[P\] which we will explain below. Now set $`e_i[n]=e_{i+1,1}[n]\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$. Then the elements (2.5) satisfy

$`e_1[0]^{c_0}\mathrm{}e_{i+1}[0]^{c_i}v_\mathrm{\Lambda }=0`$ (2.14)
for non-negative integers $`\{c_i\}`$ satisfying (2.6) and the formal power series (2.2) satisfy

$`e_1(z)^{p_1}\mathrm{}e_{r1}(z)^{p_{r1}}=0`$ (2.15)
on $`L(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ for non-negative integers $`p_1,\mathrm{},p_{r1}`$ such that $`p_1+\mathrm{}+p_{r1}=k+1.`$ Hence the map

$`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}\overline{e}\overline{e}v_\mathrm{\Lambda }W(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ (2.16)
is well-defined. Here $`W(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ is the subspace defined by (1.1). This map is also surjective.

In \[P\], Primc constructed a basis of $`W(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$. For $`𝐚=(a_i)_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}C^{(k,r)}`$, define the vector $`M(𝐚)`$ of $`W(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$ by

$`M(𝐚):=\overline{e(𝐚)}v_\mathrm{\Lambda }.`$ (2.17)
###### Theorem 2.2.

\[P\] Let $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ be the dominant integral weight given by (2.4). Then the set

$`(\mathrm{\Lambda }):=\{M(𝐚);𝐚C_𝐛^{(k,r)}\}`$ (2.18)
constitutes a basis of $`W(\mathrm{\Lambda })`$.

From this theorem, the map (2.16) is injective and this implies Proposition 2.1.

### 2.2. Characters of $`(k,r)`$-admissible configurations

Now we introduce two kinds of degrees on $`E^{(r)}`$. First we define the $`q`$-degree by

$`\mathrm{deg}_qe_i[n]:=(r1)n+i1.`$ (2.19)
Next define the $`z`$-degree by

$`\mathrm{deg}_ze_i[n]:=1`$ (2.20)
for all $`i=1,\mathrm{},r1`$ and $`n0`$.

Note that the ideal $`J_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}`$ is generated by homogeneous elements with respect to both of the degrees. Hence $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}`$ is a graded vector space with $`\mathrm{deg}_q`$ and $`\mathrm{deg}_z`$.

Denote by $`E_{\mathrm{\Lambda };i,j}^{(k,r)}`$ the subspace spanned by homogeneous elements of $`q`$-degree $`i`$ and $`z`$-degree $`j`$. Consider the character

$`\chi _{E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}}(q,z):={\displaystyle \underset{i,j0}{}}(dimE_{\mathrm{\Lambda };i,j}^{(k,r)})q^iz^j.`$ (2.21)
From Proposition 2.1, we have

$`\chi _{E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,r)}}(q,z)={\displaystyle \underset{𝐚C_𝐛^{(k,r)}}{}}q^{_{j0}ja_j}z^{_{j0}a_j}.`$ (2.22)
This is nothing but the character of $`(k,r)`$-configurations $`\chi _{k,r;𝐛}(q,z)`$ \[FJLMM1\].

In the following we give fermionic fomulas for the characters $`\chi _{k,r;𝐛}`$ in the two cases:

$`(\mathrm{I})`$ $`r=2,(\mathrm{\Lambda }=(kb_0)\mathrm{\Lambda }_0+b_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_1),`$
$`(\mathrm{II})`$ $`r=3,b_1=k,(\mathrm{\Lambda }=b_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_1+(kb_0)\mathrm{\Lambda }_2).`$
In other words we consider $`(k,2)`$ or $`(k,3)`$-admissible configurations with the initial condition $`a_0b_0`$.

## 3. Functional realization

From this section to Section 7, we consider $`(k,2)`$-admissible configurations. In the following we fix $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=(kb_0)\mathrm{\Lambda }_0+b_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_1`$ and abbreviate $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,2)}`$ and $`J_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,2)}`$ to $`E^{(k,2)}`$ and $`J^{(k,2)}`$, respectively.

Denote by $`F_n`$ the space of symmetric polynomials with $`n`$ variables:

$`F_n:=[x_1,\mathrm{},x_n]^{𝔖_n}.`$ (3.1)
Let $`E_n^{(2)}`$ be the graded component of $`E^{(2)}`$ with $`z`$-degree $`n`$.

We introduce a pairing

$`,:E_n^{(2)}F_n`$ (3.2)
as follows. Set $`e(z):=e^{(1)}(z)`$. Then we define the pairing by

$`e(z_1)\mathrm{}e(z_n),f(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n):=f(z_1,\mathrm{},z_n).`$ (3.3)
It is easy to see that the pairing $`,`$ is a bilinear non-degenerate pairing. Moreover, it respects the grading on $`E_n^{(2)}`$ defined by the $`q`$-degree and the one on $`F_n`$ defined by the usual degree: $`\mathrm{deg}x_i=1`$.

Denote by $`J_n^{(k,2)}`$ the graded component of $`J^{(k,2)}`$ with $`z`$-degree $`n`$.

###### Proposition 3.1.

The orthogonal complement $`F_n^{(k,2)}:=(J_n^{(k,2)})^{}F_n`$ is given as follows:

$`F_n^{(k,2)}:=\{fF_n;f(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)=0\mathrm{if}\begin{array}{c}x_1=\mathrm{}=x_{k+1}\mathrm{or}\hfill \\ x_1=\mathrm{}=x_{b_0+1}=0.\hfill \end{array}\}.`$ (3.6)
###### Proof.

From the conditions (2.15) and (2.14) we have $`e(z)^{k+1}=0`$ and $`e(0)^{b_0+1}=0`$. Note that

$`e(z)^{k+1}_{j=k+2}^ne(z_j),f(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)=f(z,\mathrm{},z,z_{k+2},\mathrm{},z_n)`$ (3.7)
and

$`e(0)^{b_0+1}_{j=b_0+2}^ne(z_j),f(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)=f(0,\mathrm{},0,z_{b_0+2},\mathrm{},z_n).`$ (3.8)
Both of (3.7) and (3.8) equal zero if and only if $`fF_n^{(k,2)}`$. ∎

Note that the graded components $`E_n^{(2)}`$ and $`F_n`$ are finite-dimensional and the pairing respects the grading. Therefore $`(F_n^{(k,2)})^{}=(J_n^{(k,2)})^{}=J_n^{(k,2)}`$ and we obtained the following.

###### Proposition 3.2.

The pairing $`,`$ induces a well-defined non-degenerate bilinear pairing of graded spaces

$`,:E_n^{(k,2)}F_n^{(k,2)},`$ (3.9)
where $`E_n^{(k,2)}`$ is the graded component of $`E^{(k,2)}`$ with $`z`$-degree $`n`$.

Hence the character $`\chi _{k,2;b_0}(q,z)`$ is represented in terms of the character of $`F_n^{(k,2)}`$ as follows. The character $`chF_n^{(k,2)}(q)`$ is defined by

$`chF_n^{(k,2)}(q):={\displaystyle \underset{m=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}q^mdim(F_n^{(k,2)})_m,`$ (3.10)
where $`(F_n^{(k,2)})_m`$ is the graded component of degree $`m`$. Then we get

###### Corollary 3.3.

$`\chi _{k,2;b_0}(q,z)={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}z^nchF_n^{(k,2)}(q).`$ (3.11)
## 4. Gordon filtration

Let $`k_0`$ and $`n_k`$. Let $`\lambda `$ be a level-$`k`$ restricted partition of $`n`$, that is

$`\lambda =(1^{m_1},2^{m_2},\mathrm{},k^{m_k}),{\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}am_a=n.`$ (4.1)
Denote by $`m_a(\lambda )`$ the number of rows of length $`a`$ in the partition (or Young diagram) $`\lambda `$. Set $`𝐦(\lambda ):=(m_1(\lambda ),\mathrm{},m_k(\lambda ))`$.

For a sequence of non-negative integers $`𝐦=(m_1,\mathrm{},m_r)`$, we define the space of functions $`𝒮_𝐦`$ by

$`𝒮_𝐦:=[x_1^{(1)},\mathrm{},x_{m_1}^{(1)}]^{𝔖_{m_1}}\mathrm{}[x_1^{(r)},\mathrm{},x_{m_r}^{(r)}]^{𝔖_{m_r}}.`$ (4.2)
In particular, for a level-$`k`$ restricted partition $`\lambda `$ of $`n`$, we abbreviate $`𝒮_{𝐦(\lambda )}`$ to $`𝒮_\lambda `$. Now we define a map

$`\phi _\lambda :[x_1,\mathrm{},x_n]^{𝔖_n}𝒮_\lambda `$ (4.3)
as follows. Fix a numbering from $`1`$ to $`n`$ of the set of indices

$`\{(a,i,j);1ak,1im_a(\lambda ),1ja\}.`$ (4.4)
We set $`\phi (x_m):=x_i^{(a)}`$ where $`(a,i,j)`$ is the $`m`$-th index in this numbering. Then the map $`\phi _\lambda `$ is defined by

$`\phi _\lambda (f(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)):=f(\phi (x_1),\mathrm{},\phi (x_n)).`$ (4.5)
Since $`f`$ is symmetric, this map does not depend on the numbering.

Introduce the lexicographical order on partitions of $`n`$ by

$`\lambda \mu \lambda _j=\mu _j(j<p)\mathrm{and}\lambda _p>\mu _p,\mathrm{for}\mathrm{some}p.`$ (4.6)
We define the subspaces of $`F_n^{(k,2)}`$ by

$`_\lambda `$ $`:=`$ $`Ker\phi _\lambda F_n^{(k,2)},`$ (4.7)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda `$ $`:=`$ $`_{\nu \lambda }_\nu ,`$ (4.8)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda ^{}`$ $`:=`$ $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda Ker\phi _\lambda .`$ (4.9)
The subspaces $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda `$ give a filtration of $`F_n^{(k,2)}`$ and we have

$`chF_n^{(k,2)}={\displaystyle \underset{\lambda }{}}ch\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda /\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda ^{}\right),`$ (4.10)
where the right hand side is the summation over all level-$`k`$ restricted partitions of $`n`$.

For an integer $`s`$ we set $`(s)_+:=\mathrm{max}(s,0)`$.

###### Proposition 4.1.

Let $`\lambda `$ be a level-$`k`$ restricted partition of $`n`$. The image of the map $`\phi _\lambda |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda }`$ is contained in the principal ideal $`G_\lambda ^{(2)}𝒮_\lambda `$, where the function $`G_\lambda ^{(2)}`$ is defined by

$`G_\lambda ^{(2)}:={\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}(x_j^{(a)})^{(ab_0)_+}{\displaystyle \underset{1a<bk}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{i,j}{}}(x_i^{(a)}x_j^{(b)})^{2a}{\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{i<j}{}}(x_i^{(a)}x_j^{(a)})^{2a}.`$ (4.11)
Hence the map $`\phi _\lambda |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda }`$ induces the embedding of the subquotient $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda /\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda ^{}`$ into the principal ideal $`G_\lambda ^{(2)}𝒮_\lambda `$.

###### Proof.

Similar to the proof of Lemma 3.4.1 and Lemma 3.4.3 in \[FKLMM\]. ∎

Our goal is to prove that the image of $`\phi _\lambda |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda }`$ is equal to $`G_\lambda ^{(2)}𝒮_\lambda `$.

## 5. Vertex operators

### 5.1. Definitions

Let $`N`$ be a positive integer. We fix a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form $`,`$ on the $`N`$-dimensional $``$-vector space $`^N`$.

We denote by $`\widehat{}_N`$ the Heisenberg algebra with unit $`1`$ generated by the elements $`a_m(\alpha )`$ and $`e^{Q(\alpha )}`$ $`(m,\alpha ^N)`$ satisfying the relations

$`[a_m(\alpha ),a_n(\beta )]=m\alpha ,\beta \delta _{m+n,0},`$ (5.1)
$`[a_m(\alpha ),e^{Q(\beta )}]=\delta _{m,0}\alpha ,\beta e^{Q(\beta )},e^{Q(\alpha )}e^{Q(\beta )}=e^{Q(\alpha +\beta )}.`$ (5.2)
Here the generators $`a_m(\alpha )`$ are linear on $`\alpha `$.

We define the Fock space $``$ by

$`:=[a_m(\alpha );m>0,\alpha ^N][e^{Q(\beta )};\beta ^N].`$ (5.3)
The algebra $`\widehat{}_N`$ acts on $``$ as follows:

$`a_m(\alpha )(fe^{Q(\beta )})=\{\begin{array}{cc}(a_m(\alpha )f)e^{Q(\beta )},\hfill & (m<0),\\ [a_m(\alpha ),f]e^{Q(\beta )},\hfill & (m>0),\\ \alpha ,\beta fe^{Q(\beta )},\hfill & (m=0),\end{array}`$ (5.7)
$`e^{Q(\alpha )}(fe^{Q(\beta )})=fe^{Q(\alpha +\beta )},`$ (5.8)
where $`f[a_m(\alpha );m>0,\alpha ^N]`$.

Let $`𝜶=(\{\alpha _m\}_m,\alpha ^0)`$ be a sequence of vectors in $`^N`$. The vertex operator $`X_𝜶(z)`$ is defined by

$`X_𝜶(z):=\mathrm{exp}\left({\displaystyle \underset{m>0}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{a_m(\alpha _m)}{m}}z^m\right)\mathrm{exp}\left({\displaystyle \underset{m>0}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{a_m(\alpha _m)}{m}}z^m\right)e^{Q(\alpha ^0)}z^{a_0(\alpha _0)}.`$ (5.9)
Introduce the normal ordering $`::`$ on $`\widehat{}_N`$:

$`:a_m(\alpha )a_n(\beta ):=\{\begin{array}{cc}a_m(\alpha )a_n(\beta ),\hfill & (m<0),\\ a_n(\beta )a_m(\alpha ),\hfill & (m>0),\end{array}`$ (5.12)
$`:a_0(\alpha )e^{Q(\beta )}:=:e^{Q(\beta )}a_0(\alpha ):=e^{Q(\beta )}a_0(\alpha ).`$ (5.13)
Then we have

$`X_𝜶(z)X_𝜷(w)=g(z,w;𝜶,𝜷):X_𝜶(z)X_𝜷(w):,`$ (5.14)
where

$`g(z,w;𝜶,𝜷):=z^{\alpha _0,\beta ^0}\mathrm{exp}\left({\displaystyle \underset{m>0}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\alpha _m,\beta _m}{m}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{w}{z}}\right)^m\right)`$ (5.15)
for $`𝜶=(\{\alpha _m\},\alpha ^0)`$ and $`𝜷=(\{\beta _m\},\beta ^0)`$.

### 5.2. Matrix elements

Set

$`|\beta :=1e^{Q(\beta )}.`$ (5.16)
Note that

$`a_m(\alpha )|\beta =0,\mathrm{if}m>0.`$ (5.17)
Let $`\beta |^{}`$ be the dual vector defined by

$`\beta |(fe^{Q(\gamma )})=\{\begin{array}{cc}c,\hfill & \mathrm{if}f=c\mathrm{and}\beta =\gamma ,\hfill \\ 0,\hfill & \mathrm{otherwise}.\hfill \end{array}`$ (5.20)
Denote by $`\widehat{}_N^+`$ the commutative subalgebra of $`\widehat{}_N`$ generated by the generators $`a_m(\alpha ),(m>0,\alpha ^N)`$ and $`1`$. Consider the matrix element

$`\beta ^{}|hX_{𝜶_1}(x_1)\mathrm{}X_{𝜶_n}(x_n)|\beta ,h\widehat{}_N^+,`$ (5.21)
for $`𝜶_a=(\{\alpha _{a,m}\},\alpha _a^0),(a=1,\mathrm{},n)`$. From the definiton of $`X_𝜶(z)`$, it is easy to see that

$`\beta |hX_{𝜶_1}(x_1)\mathrm{}X_{𝜶_n}(x_n)|0=0\mathrm{unless}\beta ^{}\beta ={\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{n}{}}}\alpha _a^0.`$ (5.22)
###### Theorem 5.1.

Let $`𝛂_a=(\{\alpha _{a,m}\},\alpha _a^0),(a=1,\mathrm{},N)`$ be sequences of vectors in $`^N`$ and $`𝐦=(m_1,\mathrm{},m_N),(m_j0)`$ a sequence of non-negative integers. Denote by $`S_𝐦(𝛂_1,\mathrm{},𝛂_N;\beta )`$ the set of functions given by

$`\{\beta +\alpha ^{}|hX_{𝜶_1}(x_1^{(1)})\mathrm{}X_{𝜶_1}(x_{m_1}^{(1)})\mathrm{}X_{𝜶_N}(x_1^{(N)})\mathrm{}X_{𝜶_N}(x_{m_N}^{(N)})|\beta ;h\widehat{}_N^+\},`$ (5.23)
where $`\alpha ^{}:=_am_a\alpha _a^0`$ and $`\beta ^N`$.

Suppose that the vectors $`\alpha _{a,m}(a=1,\mathrm{},N)`$ are linearly independent for each $`m>0`$. Then we have

$`S_𝐦(𝜶_1,\mathrm{},𝜶_N;\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}(x_j^{(a)})^{\alpha _a^0,\beta }{\displaystyle \underset{1a<bN}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{i,j}{}}g(x_i^{(a)},x_j^{(b)};𝜶_a,𝜶_b)`$ (5.24)
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{i<j}{}}g(x_i^{(a)},x_j^{(a)};𝜶_a,𝜶_a)𝒮_𝐦`$
for any $`𝐦`$.

###### Proof.

Fix $`𝐦=(m_1,\mathrm{},m_N)`$. For $`h\widehat{}_N^+`$, we set

$`F(h):=\beta +\alpha ^{}|hX_{𝜶_1}(x_1^{(1)})\mathrm{}X_{𝜶_1}(x_{m_1}^{(1)})\mathrm{}X_{𝜶_N}(x_1^{(N)})\mathrm{}X_{𝜶_N}(x_{m_N}^{(N)})|\beta .`$ (5.25)
Then it is easy to see that

$`F(1)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}(x_j^{(a)})^{\alpha _a^0,\beta }{\displaystyle \underset{1a<bN}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{i,j}{}}g(x_i^{(a)},x_j^{(b)};𝜶_a,𝜶_b)`$ (5.26)
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{i<j}{}}g(x_i^{(a)},x_j^{(a)};𝜶_a,𝜶_a).`$
For $`r>0`$ the vertex operator $`X_𝜶(z)`$ satisfies

$`[a_r(\gamma ),X_𝜶(z)]=\gamma ,\alpha _rz^rX_𝜶(z).`$ (5.27)
Hence we have

$`F(a_{r_1}(\gamma _1)\mathrm{}a_{r_l}(\gamma _l))={\displaystyle \underset{i=1}{\overset{l}{}}}\left({\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{N}{}}}\gamma _i,\alpha _{a,r_i}p_{r_i}^{(a)}\right)F(1),(r_i>0),`$ (5.28)
where $`p_r^{(a)}`$ is the $`r`$-th power sum of $`x_j^{(a)}`$’s, that is $`p_r^{(a)}:=_j(x_j^{(a)})^r`$. Therefore, if the vectors $`\alpha _{a,r},(a=1,\mathrm{},N)`$ are linearly independent for each $`r>0`$, we can obtain any polynomial in $`𝒮_𝐦`$ as $`F(h)/F(1)`$ by taking a suitable $`h\widehat{}_N^+`$. ∎

## 6. Construction of vertex operators

Fix a basis $`\{ϵ_a\}_{a=1}^k`$ of $`^k`$ satisfying

$`ϵ_a,ϵ_b=2\delta _{a,b}.`$ (6.1)
For $`1ak`$, define a sequence of vectors $`𝜶_a=(\{\alpha _{a,m}\},\alpha _a^0)`$ by

$`\alpha _{a,m}=\alpha _a^0=ϵ_a,(m).`$ (6.2)
Now we set

$`E_a(z):=X_{𝜶_a}(z).`$ (6.3)
Then we have

$`E_a(z)E_b(w)=\{\begin{array}{cc}:E_a(z)E_b(w):,\hfill & ab,\\ (zw)^2:E_a(z)E_a(w):,\hfill & a=b.\end{array}`$ (6.6)
In particular the operators $`E_a(z)`$ are commutative and satisfy $`E_a(z)^2=0`$.

Set

$`E_\epsilon (z):=\epsilon _1E_1(z)+\mathrm{}+\epsilon _kE_k(z).`$ (6.7)
Let $`\lambda `$ be a level-$`k`$ restricted partition of $`n`$ and $`\lambda ^{}=(\lambda _1^{},\mathrm{},\lambda _k^{})`$ its conjugate (or transpose). Define the operator $`E_\lambda `$ by

$`E_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n):={\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\lambda _a^{}!}}.\left({\displaystyle \frac{}{\epsilon _1}}\right)^{\lambda _1^{}}\mathrm{}\left({\displaystyle \frac{}{\epsilon _k}}\right)^{\lambda _k^{}}E_\epsilon (x_1)\mathrm{}E_\epsilon (x_n)|_{\epsilon _a=0}.`$ (6.8)
In other words the operator $`E_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)`$ is the symmetrization of

$`{\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}(E_a(x_{n_{a1}^{}+1})\mathrm{}E_a(x_{n_a^{}})),`$ (6.9)
where $`n_0^{}=0`$ and $`n_a^{}:=_{j=1}^a\lambda _j^{}`$.

Set $`ϵ_\lambda ^{}:=_a\lambda _a^{}ϵ_a`$. Note that

$`\beta ^{}|hE_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)|\beta =0(h\widehat{}_k^+),\mathrm{unless}\beta ^{}\beta =ϵ_\lambda ^{}.`$ (6.10)
Consider the space of symmetric polynomials

$`U_\lambda :=\{\beta _0+ϵ_\lambda ^{}|hE_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)|\beta _0;h\widehat{}_k^+\},`$ (6.11)
where $`\beta _0`$ is the vector in $`^k`$ uniquely determined by

$`ϵ_a,\beta _0=\{\begin{array}{cc}0,\hfill & \mathrm{if}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}1}ab_0,\hfill \\ 1,\hfill & \mathrm{if}a>b_0.\hfill \end{array}`$ (6.14)
###### Proposition 6.1.

$`U_\lambda \mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda .`$ (6.15)
###### Proof.

Set

$`F_\lambda (h;x_1,\mathrm{},x_n):=\beta _0+ϵ_\lambda ^{}|hE_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)|\beta _0.`$ (6.16)
It suffices to prove

$`\phi _\nu (F_\lambda (h;x_1,\mathrm{},x_n))=0`$ (6.17)
for any $`\nu \lambda `$ and

$`F_\lambda (h;0,\mathrm{},0,x_{b_0+2},\mathrm{},x_n)=0.`$ (6.18)
First we prove (6.17). Note that $`E_\lambda `$ is also the symmetrization of

$`{\displaystyle \underset{j=1}{\overset{\lambda _1^{}}{}}}\left(E_1(x_{n_{j1}+1})E_2(x_{n_{j1}+2})\mathrm{}E_{\lambda _j}(x_{n_j})\right),`$ (6.19)
where $`n_0=0`$ and $`n_j:=_{i=1}^j\lambda _i`$. From this expression and the relation $`E_a(z)^2=0`$, it is easy to see $`\phi _\nu (F_\lambda )=0`$ for $`\nu \lambda `$.

Next we prove (6.18). Note that $`E_\lambda `$ is the symmetrization of (6.9). Consider the function

$`\beta _0+ϵ_\lambda ^{}|h{\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}(E_a(x_{n_{a1}^{}+1})\mathrm{}E_a(x_{n_a^{}}))|\beta _0.`$ (6.20)
From Theorem 5.1 this function (6.20) is a polynomial with the factor

$`{\displaystyle \underset{j=n_{b_0}^{}+1}{\overset{n}{}}}x_j{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{1ak}{n_{a1}^{}<i<jn_a^{}}}{}}(x_ix_j)^{2a}.`$ (6.21)
Hence (6.20) becomes zero if $`b_0+1`$ variables of $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_n`$ are equal to zero. This implies (6.18) because the function $`F_\lambda `$ is the symmetrization of (6.20). ∎

###### Proposition 6.2.

$`\phi _\lambda (U_\lambda )=S_{𝐦(\lambda )}(𝜸_1,\mathrm{},𝜸_k;\beta _0),`$ (6.22)
where $`S_{𝐦(\lambda )}`$ is the space defined in Theorem 5.1 and the sequences of vectors $`𝛄_a=(\{\gamma _{a,m}\},\gamma _a^0),(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ are defined by

$`\gamma _{a,m}=\gamma _a^0=_{j=1}^aϵ_j,(m).`$ (6.23)
###### Proof.

From the relation $`E_a(z)^2=0`$, we have

$`\phi _\lambda (E_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n))=z_\lambda {\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{j=1}{\overset{m_a(\lambda )}{}}}\left(E_1(x_j^{(a)})\mathrm{}E_a(x_j^{(a)})\right),`$ (6.24)
where $`z_\lambda `$ is a constant defined by $`z_\lambda :=_{a=1}^k(a!)^{m_a(\lambda )}`$. Moreover, we see that

$`E_1(x)\mathrm{}E_a(x)=:E_1(x)\mathrm{}E_a(x):=X_{𝜸_a}(x).`$ (6.25)
This completes the proof. ∎

Note that the vectors $`\gamma _{a,m},(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ defined in (6.23) are linearly independent for each $`m>0`$. It is easy to check that

$`g(z,w;𝜸_a,𝜸_b)=(zw)^{2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(a,b)},\gamma _a^0,\beta _0=(ab_0)_+.`$ (6.26)
Therefore, from Proposition 4.1, Theorem 5.1 and Proposition 6.2, we see

###### Corollary 6.3.

$`\phi _\lambda (\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda )=G_\lambda ^{(2)}𝒮_\lambda .`$ (6.27)
Example. Consider the case of $`k=3,b_0=1`$ and $`n=3`$. Then the Gordon filtration is

$`F_3^{(3,2)}=\mathrm{\Gamma }_{(2,1)}\mathrm{\Gamma }_{(1,1,1)}\{0\},`$ (6.28)
where

$`F_3^{(3,2)}`$ $`=`$ $`\{f(x_1,x_2,x_3)[x_1,x_2,x_3]^{𝔖_3};f=0\mathrm{if}\begin{array}{c}x_1=x_2=x_3\mathrm{or}\hfill \\ x_1=x_2=0\hfill \end{array}\}.`$ (6.31)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{(1,1,1)}`$ $`=`$ $`\{f(x_1,x_2,x_3)F_3^{(3,2)};f=0\mathrm{if}x_1=x_2\}`$ (6.32)
$`=`$ $`\{f(x_1,x_2,x_3)[x_1,x_2,x_3]^{𝔖_3};f=0\mathrm{if}x_1=x_2\}.`$ (6.33)
The map $`\phi _\lambda `$ is defined by

$`\phi _{(2,1)}:f(x_1,x_2,x_3)f(x_1^{(2)},x_1^{(2)},x_1^{(1)})[x_1^{(1)}][x_1^{(2)}],`$ (6.34)
$`\phi _{(1,1,1)}:f(x_1,x_2,x_3)f(x_1^{(1)},x_2^{(1)},x_3^{(1)})[x_1^{(1)},x_2^{(1)},x_3^{(1)}]^{𝔖_3}.`$ (6.35)
Corollary 6.3 shows that

$`\phi _{(2,1)}(\mathrm{\Gamma }_{(2,1)})=x_1^{(2)}(x_1^{(1)}x_1^{(2)})^2[x_1^{(1)}][x_1^{(2)}],`$ (6.36)
$`\phi _{(1,1,1)}(\mathrm{\Gamma }_{(1,1,1)})={\displaystyle \underset{1i<j3}{}}(x_i^{(1)}x_j^{(1)})[x_1^{(1)},x_2^{(1)},x_3^{(1)}]^{𝔖_3}.`$ (6.37)
## 7. Fermionic formula

Recall Corollary 3.3: we have

$`\chi _{k,2;b_0}(q,z)={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}z^nchF_n^{(k,2)}(q).`$ (7.1)
Now let us write down the character of $`F_n^{(k,2)}`$. From Proposition 4.1 and Corollary 6.3, we find

$`ch(\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda /\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda ^{})=ch(G_\lambda ^{(2)}𝒮_\lambda ).`$ (7.2)
It is easy to obtain the formula for $`\mathrm{ch}(G_\lambda ^{(2)}𝒮_\lambda )`$. Introduce the $`k\times k`$ matrix $`A^{(2)}`$ defined by

$`A^{(2)}=(A_{ab}^{(2)})_{1a,bk},A_{ab}^{(2)}:=2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(a,b).`$ (7.3)
Denote by $`𝐜_{b_0}^{(2)}`$ the vector defined by

$`𝐜_{b_0}^{(2)}:=(0,\mathrm{},0,1,2,\mathrm{},kb_0).`$ (7.4)
Then we have

$`ch(\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda /\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda ^{})=ch(G_\lambda ^{(2)}𝒮_\lambda )={\displaystyle \frac{q^{\frac{1}{2}({}_{}{}^{t}𝐦A^{(2)}𝐦(\mathrm{diag}A^{(2)})𝐦)+𝐜_{b_0}^{(2)}𝐦}}{(q)_{m_1(\lambda )}\mathrm{}(q)_{m_k(\lambda )}}},`$ (7.5)
where $`𝐦={}_{}{}^{t}𝐦(\lambda )={}_{}{}^{t}(m_1(\lambda ),\mathrm{},m_k(\lambda ))`$ and $`(q)_n:=_{j=1}^n(1q^j)`$. Here the numerator in (7.5) represents the degree of $`G_\lambda ^{(2)}`$ and the part

$`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{(q)_{m_1(\lambda )}\mathrm{}(q)_{m_k(\lambda )}}}`$ (7.6)
is the character of $`𝒮_\lambda `$.

Substituting (7.5) into (4.10), we get the fermionic formula for $`(k,2)`$-admissible configurations:

###### Theorem 7.1.

$`\chi _{2,r;b_0}(q,z)={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m_1+2m_2+\mathrm{}+km_k=n}{m_1,\mathrm{},m_k0}}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{q^{\frac{1}{2}({}_{}{}^{t}𝐦A^{(2)}𝐦(\mathrm{diag}A^{(2)})𝐦)+𝐜_{b_0}^{(2)}𝐦}}{(q)_{m_1}\mathrm{}(q)_{m_k}}}z^n,`$ (7.7)
where $`A^{(2)}`$ is the $`k\times k`$ matrix defined by (7.3), $`𝐜_{b_0}^{(2)}`$ is the vector defined by (7.4) and $`𝐦={}_{}{}^{t}(m_1,\mathrm{},m_k)`$.

## 8. Fermionic formula for $`\chi _{k,3}`$

In this section we consider the case where $`r=3`$ and $`𝐛=(b_0,k)`$. We fix $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=b_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_1+(kb_0)\mathrm{\Lambda }_2`$ and abbreviate $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,3)}`$ and $`J_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,3)}`$ to $`E^{(k,3)}`$ and $`J^{(k,3)}`$, respectively.

### 8.1. Functional realization of $`W^{(k,3)}`$

Consider the space of polynomials

$`F_{l_1,l_2}:=[x_1^2,\mathrm{},x_{l_1}^2]^{𝔖_{l_1}}[y_1^2,\mathrm{},y_{l_2}^2]^{𝔖_{l_2}}_{j=1}^{l_2}y_j.`$ (8.1)
Let us introduce a pairing

$`,:E_n^{(3)}({\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{l_1+l_2=n}{l_1,l_20}}{}}F_{l_1,l_2})`$ (8.2)
as follows. Set

$`a(z):=e^{(1)}(z^2),b(z):=ze^{(2)}(z^2).`$ (8.3)
Then we define the pairing by

$`a(z_1)\mathrm{}a(z_{l_1})b(w_1)\mathrm{}b(w_{l_2}),f(x_1,\mathrm{},x_{m_1};y_1,\mathrm{},y_{m_2})`$
$`:=\delta _{l_1m_1}\delta _{l_2m_2}f(z_1,\mathrm{},z_{l_1};w_1,\mathrm{},w_{l_2})`$ (8.4)
for $`fF_{m_1,m_2}`$. This pairing is non-degenerate and respects the gradings on $`E_n^{(3)}`$ and $`_{l_1+l_2=n}F_{l_1,l_2}`$. Here the grading on $`_{l_1+l_2=n}F_{l_1,l_2}`$ is the usual one defined by $`\mathrm{deg}x_i=1=\mathrm{deg}y_i`$.

Let us determine the orthogonal complement $`F_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}:=(J_n^{(k,3)})^{}F_{l_1,l_2}`$ with respect to the pairing defined above. Denote by $`I_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}`$ the space of functions

$`g(x_1,\mathrm{},x_{l_1};y_1,\mathrm{},y_{l_2})[x_1,\mathrm{},x_{l_1}]^{𝔖_{l_1}}[y_1,\mathrm{},y_{l_2}]^{𝔖_{l_2}}`$ (8.5)
such that

$`g=0\mathrm{if}`$ $`x_1=\mathrm{}=x_a=y_1=\mathrm{}=y_b,(a0,b0,a+b=k+1),`$ (8.6)
$`\mathrm{or}x_1=\mathrm{}=x_{b_0+1}=0.`$
###### Proposition 8.1.

$`F_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}=\{g(x_1^2,\mathrm{},x_{l_1}^2;y_1^2,\mathrm{},y_{l_2}^2)_{j=1}^{l_2}y_j;gI_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}\}.`$ (8.7)
The proof is quite similar to that of Proposition 3.1.

From this proposition, we have

###### Proposition 8.2.

The pairing (8.4) induces a well-defined non-degenerate bilinear pairing of the graded spaces

$`,:E_n^{(k,3)}({\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{l_1+l_2=n}{l_1,l_20}}{}}F_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}).`$ (8.8)
Introduce the usual grading on $`I_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}`$ and denote by $`chI_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}(q)`$ the character of the graded space $`I_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}`$ with the formal variable $`q`$. From Proposition 8.1 we have

$`chF_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}(q)=q^{l_2}chI_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}(q^2).`$ (8.9)
Hence the character of $`(k,3)`$-admissible configurations is given as follows.

###### Corollary 8.3.

$`\chi _{k,3;(b_0,k)}(q,z)={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{l_1+l_2=n}{l_1,l_20}}{}}z^nq^{l_2}chI_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}(q^2).`$ (8.10)
### 8.2. Gordon filtration

Let us introduce a filtration on $`I_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}`$.

For a partition $`\lambda `$ of $`n`$, let us write clearly the variables in $`𝒮_\lambda `$ by $`𝒮_\lambda =𝒮_\lambda (x)`$. Let $`\lambda `$ and $`\mu `$ be level-$`k`$ restricted partitions of $`l_1`$ and $`l_2`$, respectively. We denote by $`\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }`$ the tensor product of $`\phi _\lambda `$ and $`\phi _\mu `$:

$`\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }:=\phi _\lambda \phi _\mu :[x_1,\mathrm{},x_{l_1}]^{𝔖_{l_1}}[y_1,\mathrm{},y_{l_2}]^{𝔖_{l_2}}𝒮_\lambda (x)𝒮_\mu (y).`$ (8.11)
We define the lexicographical order on pairs of partitions by

$`(\lambda ^{(1)},\mu ^{(1)})(\lambda ^{(2)},\mu ^{(2)})\lambda ^{(1)}\lambda ^{(2)},\mathrm{or}\lambda ^{(1)}=\lambda ^{(2)}\mathrm{and}\mu ^{(1)}\mu ^{(2)}.`$ (8.12)
Now let us define the subspaces of $`I_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}`$ by

$`_{\lambda ,\mu }`$ $`:=`$ $`Ker\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }I_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)},`$ (8.13)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }`$ $`:=`$ $`_{(\nu ,\kappa )(\lambda ,\mu )}_{\nu ,\kappa },`$ (8.14)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }^{}`$ $`:=`$ $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }Ker\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }.`$ (8.15)
The subspaces $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }`$ give a filtration of $`I_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}`$ and we have

$`chI_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}={\displaystyle \underset{(\lambda ,\mu )}{}}ch\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }/\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }^{}\right).`$ (8.16)
In the same way as the proof of Proposition 4.1, we can show the following:

###### Proposition 8.4.

Let $`\lambda `$ and $`\mu `$ be level-$`k`$ restricted partitions of $`l_1`$ and $`l_2`$, respectively. The image of the map $`\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }|_{\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }}`$ is contained in the subspace $`G_{\lambda ,\mu }(𝒮_\lambda (x)𝒮_\mu (y))`$, where the function $`G_{\lambda ,\mu }`$ is defined by

$`G_{\lambda ,\mu }`$ $`:=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{1a<a^{}k}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{i,j}{}}(x_i^{(a)}x_j^{(a^{})})^{2a}{\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{i<j}{}}(x_i^{(a)}x_j^{(a)})^{2a}`$ (8.17)
$`\times {\displaystyle \underset{1b<b^{}k}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{i,j}{}}(y_i^{(b)}y_j^{(b^{})})^{2b}{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{i<j}{}}(y_i^{(b)}y_j^{(b)})^{2b}`$
$`\times {\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{1a,bk}{a+b>k}}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{i,j}{}}(x_i^{(a)}y_j^{(b)})^{a+bk}{\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}(x_j^{(a)})^{(ab_0)_+}.`$
In the following, we prove that the image of $`\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }|_{\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }}`$ is equal to $`G_{\lambda ,\mu }(𝒮_\lambda (x)𝒮_\mu (y))`$ by using vertex operators in the same way as before.

### 8.3. Construction of vertex operators

Decompose $`^{2k}`$ into $`k`$ orthogonal components

$`^{2k}=V_1\mathrm{}V_k,V_j^2,(j=1,\mathrm{},k).`$ (8.18)
We define a basis of $`^k`$ as follows. Take a basis $`\{ϵ_j^+,ϵ_j^{}\}`$ of $`V_j^2`$ such that

$`ϵ_j^\pm ,ϵ_j^\pm =2,ϵ_j^\pm ,ϵ_j^{}=1.`$ (8.19)
Then the set of vectors $`\{ϵ_1^+,ϵ_1^{},\mathrm{},ϵ_k^+,ϵ_k^{}\}`$ is a basis of $`^{2k}`$.

Let $`𝜶_j=(\{\alpha _{j,m}\},\alpha _j^0)`$ and $`𝜷_j=(\{\beta _{j,m}\},\beta _j^0),(j=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ be sequences of vectors in $`V_j^{2k}`$ defined by

$`\alpha _{j,m}=\alpha _j^0=ϵ_j^+,\beta _{j,m}=\beta _j^0=ϵ_j^{},(m).`$ (8.20)
We define the vertex operators $`A_a(z)`$ and $`B_b(z),(a,b=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ by

$`A_a(z):=X_{𝜶_a}(z),B_b(z):=X_{𝜷_b}(z).`$ (8.21)
These operators satisfy

$`A_a(z)A_b(w)=(zw)^{2\delta _{a,b}}:A_a(z)A_b(w):,`$ (8.22)
$`A_a(z)B_b(w)=(zw)^{\delta _{a,b}}:A_a(z)B_b(w):,`$ (8.23)
$`B_a(z)A_b(w)=(zw)^{\delta _{a,b}}:B_a(z)A_b(w):,`$ (8.24)
$`B_a(z)B_b(w)=(zw)^{2\delta _{a,b}}:B_a(z)B_b(w):.`$ (8.25)
In particular, we have

$`A_a(z)A_b(w)=A_b(w)A_a(z),B_a(z)B_b(w)=B_b(w)B_a(z)`$ (8.26)
for $`a,b=1,\mathrm{},k`$, and

$`A_a(z)^2=0,B_b(z)^2=0,A_a(z)B_a(z)=0=B_a(z)A_a(z)`$ (8.27)
for $`a=1,\mathrm{},k`$.

Now we set

$`A_\epsilon (z):=\epsilon _1A_1(z)+\mathrm{}+\epsilon _kA_k(z),`$ (8.28)
$`B_\epsilon (z):=\epsilon _1B_k(z)+\mathrm{}+\epsilon _kB_1(z).`$ (8.29)
Note that the ordering of operators is reversed in (8.28) and (8.29).

Let $`\lambda `$ and $`\mu `$ be level-$`k`$ restricted partitions of $`l_1`$ and $`l_2`$, respectively. Define the vertex operatos $`A_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)`$ and $`B_\mu (y_1,\mathrm{},y_l)`$ by

$`A_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n):={\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\lambda _a^{}!}}.\left({\displaystyle \frac{}{\epsilon _1}}\right)^{\lambda _1^{}}\mathrm{}\left({\displaystyle \frac{}{\epsilon _k}}\right)^{\lambda _k^{}}A_\epsilon (x_1)\mathrm{}A_\epsilon (x_n)|_{\epsilon _a=0},`$ (8.30)
$`B_\mu (y_1,\mathrm{},y_l):={\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\mu _b^{}!}}.\left({\displaystyle \frac{}{\epsilon _1}}\right)^{\mu _1^{}}\mathrm{}\left({\displaystyle \frac{}{\epsilon _k}}\right)^{\mu _k^{}}B_\epsilon (y_1)\mathrm{}B_\epsilon (y_l)|_{\epsilon _a=0},`$ (8.31)
where $`\lambda ^{}=(\lambda _1^{},\mathrm{},\lambda _k^{})`$ and $`\mu ^{}=(\mu _1^{},\mathrm{},\mu _k^{})`$ are the conjugates of $`\lambda `$ and $`\mu `$, respectively.

Set

$`ϵ_{\lambda ,\mu }^{}:={\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}\lambda _a^{}ϵ_a^++{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{k}{}}}\mu _b^{}ϵ_{k+1b}^{}^{2k}.`$ (8.32)
Let $`\gamma _0`$ be a vector in $`^{2k}`$ uniquely determined by

$`ϵ_a^+,\gamma _0=\{\begin{array}{cc}0,\hfill & (ab_0),\hfill \\ 1,\hfill & (a>b_0),\hfill \end{array},ϵ_b^{},\gamma _0=0,(1bk).`$ (8.35)
Consider the space of functions

$`U_{\lambda ,\mu }:=\{\gamma _0+ϵ_{\lambda ,\mu }^{}|hA_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)B_\mu (y_1,\mathrm{},y_l)|\gamma _0;h\widehat{}_{2k}^+\}.`$ (8.36)
From (8.26) it is easy to see that

$`U_{\lambda ,\mu }[x_1,\mathrm{},x_n]^{𝔖_n}[y_1,\mathrm{},y_l]^{𝔖_l}.`$ (8.37)
Moreover, in the same way as Proposition 6.1 we have

###### Proposition 8.5.

$`U_{\lambda ,\mu }\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }.`$ (8.38)
The image $`\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }(U_{\lambda ,\mu })`$ is given as follows.

###### Proposition 8.6.

$`\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }(U_{\lambda ,\mu })=S_{𝐦(\lambda ),𝐦(\mu )}(𝜸_1^+,\mathrm{},𝜸_k^+,𝜸_1^{},\mathrm{},𝜸_k^{};\gamma _0).`$ (8.39)
Here the right hand side is defined by (5.23) with the substitution $`x_j^{(k+b)}:=y_j^{(b)},(b=1,\mathrm{},k)`$. The sequences $`𝛄_a^\pm =(\{\gamma _{a,m}^\pm \},\gamma _a^{\pm ,0})`$ are given by

$`\gamma _{a,m}^+=\gamma _a^{+,0}={\displaystyle \underset{j=1}{\overset{a}{}}}ϵ_j^+,\gamma _{a,m}^{}=\gamma _a^{,0}={\displaystyle \underset{j=1}{\overset{a}{}}}ϵ_{k+1a}^{},(m).`$ (8.40)
Note that the vectors $`\gamma _{a,m}^\pm ,(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ are linearly independent for each $`m>0`$. Hence we can apply Theorem 5.1. The functions $`g(z,w;𝜸_a^\pm ,𝜸_b^\pm )`$ are given by

$`g(z,w;𝜸_a^\pm ,𝜸_b^\pm )=(zw)^{2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(a,b)},`$ (8.41)
$`g(z,w;𝜸_a^\pm ,𝜸_b^{})=\{\begin{array}{cc}(zw)^{a+bk},\hfill & \mathrm{if}a+b>k,\\ 1,\hfill & \mathrm{if}a+bk,\end{array}`$ (8.44)
$`\gamma _a^{+,0},\gamma _0=(ab_0)_+,\gamma _a^{,0},\gamma _0=0.`$ (8.45)
Therefore we see that

###### Corollary 8.7.

$`\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }(\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu })=G_{\lambda ,\mu }(𝒮_\lambda (x)𝒮_\mu (y)).`$ (8.46)
### 8.4. Fermionic formula

From Proposition 8.4 and Corollary 8.7, we have

$`ch(\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }/\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }^{})=ch(G_{\lambda ,\mu }(𝒮_\lambda (x)𝒮_\mu (y))).`$ (8.47)
The character of $`G_{\lambda ,\mu }(𝒮_\lambda (x)𝒮_\mu (y))`$ is given as follows. Introduce the $`2k\times 2k`$ matrix $`A`$ defined by

$`A:=\left(\begin{array}{cc}A^{(2)}& B^{(3)}\\ & \\ B^{(3)}& A^{(2)}\end{array}\right),`$ (8.50)
where $`A^{(2)}`$ is the matrix defined by (7.3) and $`B^{(3)}`$ is defined by

$`B^{(3)}=(B_{ab}^{(3)})_{1a,bk},B_{ab}^{(3)}:=\mathrm{max}(0,a+bk).`$ (8.51)
For example, the matrix $`A`$ for $`k=1,2`$ and $`3`$ is given by

$`\left(\begin{array}{cc}2& 1\\ 1& 2\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{cccc}2& 2& 0& 1\\ 2& 4& 1& 2\\ 0& 1& 2& 2\\ 1& 2& 2& 4\end{array}\right)\mathrm{and}\left(\begin{array}{cccccc}2& 2& 2& 0& 0& 1\\ 2& 4& 4& 0& 1& 2\\ 2& 4& 6& 1& 2& 3\\ 0& 0& 1& 2& 2& 2\\ 0& 1& 2& 2& 4& 4\\ 1& 2& 3& 2& 4& 6\end{array}\right),`$ (8.64)
respectively. We denote by $`𝐜_{b_0}^{(3)}`$ the vector defined by

$`𝐜_{b_0}^{(3)}:=(\underset{k}{\underset{}{0,\mathrm{},0,1,2,\mathrm{},kb_0}},\underset{k}{\underset{}{0,\mathrm{},0}}).`$ (8.65)
Then we have

$`ch(G_{\lambda ,\mu }(𝒮_\lambda (x)𝒮_\mu (y)))={\displaystyle \frac{q^{\frac{1}{2}({}_{}{}^{t}𝐦A𝐦(\mathrm{diag}A)𝐦)+𝐜_{b_0}^{(3)}𝐦}}{(q)_{m_1(\lambda )}\mathrm{}(q)_{m_k(\lambda )}(q)_{m_1(\mu )}\mathrm{}(q)_{m_k(\mu )}}},`$ (8.66)
where $`𝐦:={}_{}{}^{t}(m_1(\lambda ),\mathrm{},m_k(\lambda ),m_1(\mu ),\mathrm{},m_k(\mu ))`$.

From (8.66) and Corollary 8.3, we obtain the fermionic formula for the character of $`(k,3)`$-admissible configurations:

###### Theorem 8.8.

$`\chi _{k,3;(b_0,k)}(q,z)`$ (8.67)
$`={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{l_1+l_2=n}{l_1,l_20}}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{_jjm_{i,j}=l_i,}{(i=1,2)}}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{q^{{}_{}{}^{t}𝐦A𝐦(\mathrm{diag}A)𝐦+2𝐜_{b_0}^{(3)}𝐦}}{(q^2)_{m_{1,1}}\mathrm{}(q^2)_{m_{1,k}}(q^2)_{m_{2,1}}\mathrm{}(q^2)_{m_{2,k}}}}q^{l_2}z^n,`$
where $`A`$ is the matrix defined by (8.50), $`𝐜_{b_0}^{(3)}`$ is the vector defined by (8.65), $`𝐦={}_{}{}^{t}(m_{1,1},\mathrm{},m_{1,k},m_{2,1},\mathrm{},m_{2,k})`$ and $`(q^2)_m:=_{j=1}^m(1q^{2j})`$.

## 9. Another fermionic formula for $`\chi _{k,3}`$ in a special case

In this section we consider $`(k,3)`$-admissible configurations with the initial condition $`𝐛=([\frac{k+1}{2}],k)`$, that is, $`a_0[\frac{k+1}{2}]`$. In this special case we can find another fermionic formula. As a consequence we get non-trivial equality between the different fermionic formulas for the character with $`𝐛=([\frac{k+1}{2}],k)`$.

### 9.1. Functional realization

First we give another functional realization of $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,3)}`$ for $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=b_0\mathrm{\Lambda }_1+(kb_0)\mathrm{\Lambda }_2`$. We fix $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ and abbreviate $`E_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,3)}`$ and $`J_\mathrm{\Lambda }^{(k,3)}`$ to $`E^{(k,3)}`$ and $`J^{(k,3)}`$, respectively.

Let $`F_n=[x_1,\mathrm{},x_n]^{𝔖_n}`$. Define a pairing

$`,:E_n^{(3)}F_n`$ (9.1)
by

$`e(z_1)\mathrm{}e(z_n),f(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n):=f(z_1,\mathrm{},z_n),`$ (9.2)
where

$`e(z):=e^{(1)}(z^2)+ze^{(2)}(z^2).`$ (9.3)
This pairing is non-degenerate and respects the grading on $`E_n^{(3)}`$ and $`F_n`$.

###### Proposition 9.1.

The orthogonal complement $`F_n^{(k,3)}:=(J_n^{(k,3)})^{}`$ is the space of functions $`f(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)F_n`$ such that

$`f=0\mathrm{if}\begin{array}{c}x_1=\mathrm{}=x_a=x_{a+1}=\mathrm{}=x_{k+1}(0ak+1)\mathrm{or}\hfill \\ x_1=\mathrm{}=x_{b_0+1}=0.\hfill \end{array}`$ (9.6)
###### Proof.

Recall that $`J_n^{(k,3)}`$ is the ideal generated by the coefficients of $`e^{(1)}(z)^\alpha e^{(2)}(z)^\beta ,(\alpha +\beta =k+1)`$ and the element $`e^{(1)}(0)^{b_0+1}`$. It is easy to see that the condition

$`e^{(1)}(z)^\alpha e^{(2)}(z)^\beta =0,\mathrm{for}\alpha +\beta =k+1`$ (9.7)
is equivalent to

$`e(z)^ae(z)^{k+1a}=0,\mathrm{for}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}0}ak+1.`$ (9.8)
From this observation the proposition follows in the same way as Proposition 3.1. ∎

Hence we have the following.

###### Proposition 9.2.

The pairing (9.2) induces a well-defined non-degenerate bilinear pairing of the graded spaces

$`,:E_n^{(k,3)}F_n^{(k,3)},`$ (9.9)
where $`E_n^{(k,3)}`$ is the graded component $`E_n^{(k,3)}:=E_n^{(3)}/J_n^{(k,3)}`$.

Therefore the character of $`(k,3)`$-admissible configurations is given as follows.

###### Corollary 9.3.

$`\chi _{k,3;(b_0,k)}={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}z^nchF_n^{(k,3)}(q).`$ (9.10)
### 9.2. Gordon filtration

For a level-$`k`$ restricted partition $`\lambda `$ we defined the map

$`\phi _\lambda :[x_1,\mathrm{},x_n]^{𝔖_n}𝒮_\lambda `$ (9.11)
in (4.3). Using this map we define the subspaces $`_\lambda ,\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda `$ and $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda ^{}`$ as in the case of $`r=2`$, that is,

$`_\lambda `$ $`:=`$ $`Ker\phi _\lambda F_n^{(k,3)},`$ (9.12)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda `$ $`:=`$ $`_{\nu \lambda }_\nu ,`$ (9.13)
$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda ^{}`$ $`:=`$ $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda Ker\phi _\lambda .`$ (9.14)
Then we have

$`chF_n^{(k,3)}={\displaystyle \underset{\lambda }{}}ch(\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda /\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda ^{}).`$ (9.15)
###### Proposition 9.4.

Let $`\lambda `$ be a level-$`k`$ restricted partition of $`n`$. Then the image of the map $`\phi _\lambda |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda }`$ is contained in the principal ideal $`G_\lambda ^{(3)}𝒮_\lambda `$, where $`G_\lambda ^{(3)}`$ is defined by

$`G_\lambda ^{(3)}:=G_\lambda ^{(2)}\overline{G}_\lambda ^{(3)},`$ (9.16)
$`\overline{G}_\lambda ^{(3)}:={\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{1a<bk}{a+b>k}}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{i,j}{}}(x_i^{(a)}+x_j^{(b)})^{a+bk}{\displaystyle \underset{a>\frac{k}{2}}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{i<j}{}}(x_i^{(a)}+x_j^{(a)})^{2ak}.`$ (9.17)
Here $`G_\lambda ^{(2)}`$ is the function defined by (4.11).

###### Proof.

It suffices to prove that the function in the image of $`\phi _\lambda |_{\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda }`$ is divisible by $`\overline{G}_\lambda ^{(3)}`$.

Denote the variables $`x_p`$ such that $`\phi _\lambda (x_p)=x_i^{(a)}`$ by $`x_{i,l}^{(a)},(l=1,\mathrm{},a)`$. We can carry out the evaluation of $`\phi _\lambda `$ in two steps: $`\phi _\lambda (F)=\phi _2(\phi _1(F))`$, where $`\phi _1`$ is the evaluation of all variables except $`\{x_{i,l}^{(a)}\}_{l=1}^a`$ and $`\phi _2`$ is the evaluation of the variables $`\{x_{i,l}^{(a)}\}_{l=1}^a`$. Let $`F_1:=\phi _1(F)`$ for $`F\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda `$. As a polynomial of $`x_{i,l}^{(a)},(l=1,\mathrm{},a)`$, $`F_1`$ is symmetric. Moreover, $`F_1`$ equals zero if $`(kb+1)`$ variables of $`\{x_{i,l}^{(a)}\}`$ are equal to $`x_j^{(b)}`$ for $`b=1,\mathrm{},k`$ such that $`a+b>k`$. Therefore, the following lemma implies that $`\phi _\lambda (F)=\phi _2(F_1)`$ is divisible by $`\overline{G}_\lambda ^{(3)}`$. ∎

###### Lemma 9.5.

Let $`f(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$ be a symmetric polynomial satisfying

$`f(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)=0,\mathrm{if}x_1=\mathrm{}=x_s=a`$ (9.18)
for some constant $`a`$. Then the polynomial $`f(x,\mathrm{},x)`$ is divisible by $`(xa)^{ms+1}`$.

This lemma is easy to prove.

If the induced map $`\phi _\lambda :\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda /\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda ^{}G_\lambda ^{(3)}𝒮_\lambda `$ is surjective, we get the fermionic formula for $`chF_n^{(k,3)}`$ by (9.15). In fact the induced map is surjective. We can see this fact from the formula for the character of $`(k,3)`$-admissible configurations obtained in \[FJMMT2\]. Here we do not assume this result. We have proved the surjectivity by using vertex operators only in the case of $`b_0=[\frac{k+1}{2}]`$. In the following we consider this special case.

### 9.3. Construction of vertex operators

First we consider the case that $`k`$ is odd. Set $`k=2l+1`$. Note that $`b_0=[\frac{k+1}{2}]=l+1`$.

Decompose $`^k`$ into $`l+1`$ orthogonal components

$`^k=VV_1\mathrm{}V_l,V,V_j^2,(j=1,\mathrm{},l).`$ (9.19)
Take a vector $`ϵ_0V`$ such that $`ϵ_0,ϵ_0=1`$. Next we take a basis $`\{ϵ_j^+,ϵ_j^{}\}`$ of $`V_j^2`$ satisfying (8.19). Then the set of vectors $`\{ϵ,ϵ_1^+,ϵ_1^{},\mathrm{},ϵ_l^+,ϵ_l^{}\}`$ is a basis of $`^k`$.

Let $`𝜶=(\{\alpha _m\},\alpha ^0)`$ be a sequence of vectors in $`V^k`$ defined by

$`\alpha ^0=\alpha _{2m}:=\sqrt{3}ϵ_0,\alpha _{2m+1}:=ϵ_0,(m),`$ (9.20)
and $`𝜶_j^\pm =(\{\alpha _{j,m}^\pm \},\alpha _j^{\pm ,0}),(j=1,\mathrm{},l)`$ sequences of vectors in $`V_j^k`$ defined by

$`\alpha _{j,m}^\pm :=(\pm 1)^mϵ_j^\pm ,\alpha _j^{\pm ,0}:=ϵ_j^\pm .`$ (9.21)
We rename the sequences $`𝜶`$ and $`𝜶_j^\pm ,(j=1,\mathrm{},l)`$ to $`𝜷_a,(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ by

$`𝜷_a:=\{\begin{array}{cc}𝜶_a^+,\hfill & 1al,\\ 𝜶,\hfill & a=l+1,\\ 𝜶_{ka+1}^{},\hfill & l+2ak.\end{array}`$ (9.25)
Now we define the vertex operators $`E_a(z),(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ by

$`E_a(z):=X_{𝜷_a}(z).`$ (9.26)
These operators satisfy the following:

$`E_a(z)E_b(w)=\{\begin{array}{cc}(zw)^2:E_a(z)E_b(w):,\hfill & a=bl+1,\\ (zw)^2(z+w):E_a(z)E_b(w):,\hfill & a=b=l+1,\\ (z+w):E_a(z)E_b(w):,\hfill & a+b=k+1,al+1,\\ :E_a(z)E_b(w):,\hfill & \mathrm{otherwise}.\end{array}`$ (9.31)
In particular,

$`E_a(z)E_b(w)=E_b(w)E_a(z)`$ (9.32)
for $`a,b=1,\mathrm{},k`$, and

$`E_a(z)^2=0,E_a(z)E_{k+1a}(z)=0`$ (9.33)
for $`a=1,\mathrm{},k`$.

As in the case of $`r=2`$, we set

$`E_ϵ(z):=ϵ_1E_1(z)+\mathrm{}+ϵ_kE_k(z).`$ (9.34)
For a level-$`k`$ restricted partition $`\lambda `$ of $`n`$, we set

$`E_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n):={\displaystyle \underset{a=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\lambda _a^{}!}}.\left({\displaystyle \frac{}{ϵ_1}}\right)^{\lambda _1^{}}\mathrm{}\left({\displaystyle \frac{}{ϵ_k}}\right)^{\lambda _k^{}}E_t(x_1)\mathrm{}E_t(x_n)|_{ϵ_a=0},`$ (9.35)
where $`\lambda ^{}=(\lambda _1^{},\mathrm{},\lambda _k^{})`$ is the conjugate of $`\lambda `$.

Set

$`ϵ_\lambda ^{}:=_{a=1}^l\lambda _a^{}ϵ_a^++\sqrt{3}\lambda _{l+1}^{}ϵ_0+_{a=l+2}^k\lambda _a^{}ϵ_{k+1a}^{}^k.`$ (9.36)
Then we see that

$`\beta |hE_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)|0=0,(h\widehat{}_k^+),\mathrm{unless}\beta =ϵ_\lambda ^{}.`$ (9.37)
Consider the space of symmetric polynomials

$`U_\lambda :=\{ϵ_\lambda ^{}|hE_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)|0;h\widehat{}_k^+\}.`$ (9.38)
###### Proposition 9.6.

$`U_\lambda \mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda .`$ (9.39)
###### Proof.

In a similar way to the proof of Proposition 6.1, it can be shown that $`\phi _\mu (U_\lambda )=0`$ for any $`\mu `$ such that $`\mu >\lambda `$. Hence it suffices to prove that $`U_\lambda F_n^{(k,3)}`$, and this is equivalent to

$`E_\lambda (\underset{p}{\underset{}{x,\mathrm{},x}},\underset{k+1p}{\underset{}{x,\mathrm{},x}},x_{k+2},\mathrm{},x_n)=0`$ (9.40)
for $`p=0,\mathrm{},k+1`$, and

$`E_\lambda (\underset{l+2}{\underset{}{0,\mathrm{},0}},x_{[(k+1)/2]+2},\mathrm{},x_n)=0.`$ (9.41)
This follows from the relation (9.33). ∎

From the relation $`E_a(z)^2=0`$, the following proposition holds as in the case of $`r=2`$:

###### Proposition 9.7.

$`\phi _\lambda (U_\lambda )=S_{𝐦(\lambda )}(𝜸_1,\mathrm{},𝜸_k).`$ (9.42)
Here the sequences of vectors $`𝛄_a=(\{\gamma _{a,m}\},\gamma _a^0),(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ are defined by

$`\gamma _{a,m}:=_{j=1}^a\beta _{j,m},(m),\gamma _a^0:=_{j=1}^a\beta _j^0,`$ (9.43)
where $`𝛃_j=(\{\beta _{j,m}\},\beta _j^0),(j=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ are defined in (9.25).

Note that the vectors $`\gamma _{a,m},(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ are linearly independent for each $`m>0`$. Hence we can apply Theorem 5.1. Then the function $`g(z,w;𝜸_a,𝜸_b)`$ is given by

$`g(z,w;𝜸_a,𝜸_b)=\{\begin{array}{cc}(zw)^{2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(a,b)},\hfill & \mathrm{if}a+bk,\\ (zw)^{2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(a,b)}(z+w)^{a+bk},\hfill & \mathrm{if}a+b>k.\end{array}`$ (9.46)
Therefore we find

###### Corollary 9.8.

$`\phi _\lambda (\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda )=G_\lambda ^{(3)}𝒮_\lambda .`$ (9.47)
Now we consider the case that $`k`$ is even. Set $`k=2l`$. The proof of Corollary 9.8 for this case is quite similar to the case that $`k`$ is odd.

First introduce the vertex operators $`E_a(z),(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ as follows.

We decompose $`^k`$ into $`l`$ orthogonal components

$`^k=V_1\mathrm{}V_l,V_j^2,(j=1,\mathrm{},l).`$ (9.48)
Take a basis $`\{ϵ_j^+,ϵ_j^{}\}`$ of $`V_j^2`$ satisfying (8.19). Let $`𝜶_j^\pm =(\{\alpha _{j,m}^\pm \},\alpha _j^{\pm ,0}),(j=1,\mathrm{},l)`$ be sequences of vectors in $`V_j^k`$ defined by (9.21). We rename the sequences $`𝜶_j^\pm ,(j=1,\mathrm{},l)`$ to $`𝜷_a,(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ by

$`𝜷_a:=\{\begin{array}{cc}𝜶_a^+,\hfill & 1al,\\ 𝜶_{ka+1}^{},\hfill & l+1ak.\end{array}`$ (9.51)
Then we define the vertex operators $`E_a(z),(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ by

$`E_a(z):=X_{𝜷_a}(z).`$ (9.52)
These operators satisfy the following:

$`E_a(z)E_b(w)=\{\begin{array}{cc}(zw)^2:E_a(z)E_b(w):,\hfill & a=b,\\ (z+w):E_a(z)E_b(w):,\hfill & a+b=k+1,\\ :E_a(z)E_b(w):,\hfill & \mathrm{otherwise}.\end{array}`$ (9.56)
The commutation relations (9.32) and (9.33) hold also in this case.

Next we define the operator $`E_\lambda (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)`$ by (9.35) for a level-$`k`$ restricted partition $`\lambda `$, and consider the space of matrix elements $`U_\lambda `$ defined by (9.38), where $`ϵ_\lambda ^{}`$ is given by

$`ϵ_\lambda ^{}=_{a=1}^l\lambda _a^{}ϵ_a^++_{a=l+1}^k\lambda _a^{}ϵ_{k+1a}^{}.`$ (9.57)
Then it is easy to see that Proposition 9.6 and Proposition 9.7 hold. The vectors $`\gamma _{a,m},(a=1,\mathrm{},k)`$ in Proposition 9.7 are linearly independent for each $`m>0`$ also in this case. The function $`g(z,w;𝜸_a,𝜸_b)`$ is given by (9.46). Therefore Corolally 9.8 holds also in the case that $`k`$ is even.

### 9.4. Fermionic formula

At last we write down the fermionic formula for $`(k,3)`$-admissible configurations with the initial condition $`a_0[\frac{k+1}{2}]`$.

From Proposition 9.4 and Colrollary 9.8, we have

$`ch(\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda /\mathrm{\Gamma }_\lambda ^{})=ch(G_\lambda ^{(3)}𝒮_\lambda ).`$ (9.58)
In order to write down the character of $`G_\lambda ^{(3)}𝒮_\lambda `$ we introduce the $`k\times k`$ matrix $`B`$ defined by $`B:=A^{(2)}+B^{(3)}`$, that is,

$`B=(B_{ab})_{1a,bk},B_{ab}:=2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(a,b)+(a+bk)_+.`$ (9.59)
Then we have

$`ch(G_\lambda ^{(3)}𝒮_\lambda )={\displaystyle \frac{q^{\frac{1}{2}({}_{}{}^{t}𝐦B𝐦(\mathrm{diag}B)𝐦)+𝐜_{[\frac{k+1}{2}]}^{(2)}𝐦}}{(q)_{m_1(\lambda )}\mathrm{}(q)_{m_k(\lambda )}}},`$ (9.60)
where $`𝐜_{[\frac{k+1}{2}]}^{(2)}`$ is defined by (7.4) with $`b_0=[\frac{k+1}{2}]`$.

Finally we get

###### Theorem 9.9.

$`\chi _{3,r;([\frac{k+1}{2}],k)}(q,z)={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m_1+2m_2+\mathrm{}+km_k=n}{m_1,\mathrm{},m_k0}}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{q^{\frac{1}{2}({}_{}{}^{t}𝐦B𝐦(\mathrm{diag}B)𝐦)+𝐜_{[\frac{k+1}{2}]}^{(2)}𝐦}}{(q)_{m_1}\mathrm{}(q)_{m_k}}}z^n,`$ (9.61)
where $`B`$ is the $`k\times k`$ matrix defined by (9.59), $`𝐜_{[\frac{k+1}{2}]}^{(2)}`$ is the vector defined by (7.4) and $`𝐦={}_{}{}^{t}(m_1,\mathrm{},m_k)`$.

## 10. Discussion

### 10.1.

The vertex operators constructed in Section 9.3 are a part of a vertex operator realization of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$ of level $`k`$. Here we describe the entire algebra $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$ using the vertex operators in the cases of $`k=1`$ and $`k=2`$. For $`k3`$, the algebra is constructed as the tensor product of these algebras as mentioned in Introduction.

The $`k=1`$ case. Set

$`\varphi _{}(z):=E_1(z)=X_𝜶(z),\varphi _+(z):=X_\mathbf{}𝜶(z),`$ (10.1)
$`\varphi _0(z):={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}a_nz^{n1},\overline{\varphi }(z):=:\varphi _{}(z)\varphi _+(z):,`$ (10.2)
where $`𝜶=(\{\alpha _m\},\alpha ^0)`$ is defined by (9.20) and $`\mathbf{}𝜶:=(\{\alpha _m\},\alpha ^0)`$. We abbreviated $`a_n(\alpha _n)`$ to $`a_n`$. The operator product expansion is given as follows:

$`\varphi _{}(z)\varphi _+(w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{(zw)^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2w}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{zw}}\left(\varphi _0(w){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2w}}\right),(z=w),\hfill \\ {\displaystyle \frac{1}{z+w}}{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\varphi }(w)}{4w^2}},(z=w),\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.5)
$`\varphi _0(z)\varphi _\pm (w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}{\displaystyle \frac{2\varphi _\pm (w)}{zw}},(z=w),\hfill \\ {\displaystyle \frac{\varphi _\pm (w)}{z+w}},(z=w),\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.8)
$`\varphi _0(z)\overline{\varphi }(w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\varphi }(w)}{zw}},(z=w),\hfill \\ {\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\varphi }(w)}{z+w}},(z=w),\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.11)
$`\varphi _\pm (z)\overline{\varphi }(w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}{\displaystyle \frac{2w\varphi _\pm (\pm w)}{zw}},(z=w),\hfill \\ 0,(z=w)\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.14)
$`\overline{\varphi }(z)\overline{\varphi }(w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}0,(z=w),\hfill \\ {\displaystyle \frac{4w^2}{(z+w)^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{4w}{z+w}}\left(1+2w(\varphi _0(w)\varphi _0(w))\right),(z=w),\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.17)
$`\varphi _0(z)\varphi _0(w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}{\displaystyle \frac{2}{(zw)^2}},(z=w),\hfill \\ {\displaystyle \frac{1}{(z+w)^2}},(z=w).\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.20)
The operator $`\varphi _\pm (z)\varphi _\pm (w)`$ is regular at $`z=\pm w`$.

The generators of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$ of level one are given by

$`\varphi _{}(z)={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{21}[n]z^{2n}+{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{31}[n]z^{2n+1},`$ (10.21)
$`\varphi _+(z)={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{12}[n]z^{2n3}+{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{13}[n]z^{2n4},`$ (10.22)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{5}{4}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}z\varphi _0(z)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}\overline{\varphi }(z)={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{32}[n]z^{2n+1}{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}h_{13}[n]z^{2n},`$ (10.23)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}z\varphi _0(z){\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}\overline{\varphi }(z)={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{23}[n]z^{2n1}{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}h_{12}[n]z^{2n}.`$ (10.24)
Here we set $`h_{ij}:=e_{ii}e_{jj}`$.

The $`k=2`$ case. Set

$`\varphi _{}(z):=E_1(z)+E_2(z)=X_{𝜶_1^+}(z)+X_{𝜶_1^{}}(z),`$ (10.25)
$`\varphi _+(z):=X_{\mathbf{}𝜶_\mathrm{𝟏}^\mathbf{+}}(z)+X_{\mathbf{}𝜶_\mathrm{𝟏}^{\mathbf{}}}(z),`$ (10.26)
$`\varphi _0(z):={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}a_nz^{n1},`$ (10.27)
$`\overline{\varphi }(z):=:X_{𝜶_\mathrm{𝟏}^\mathbf{+}}(z)X_{\mathbf{}𝜶_\mathrm{𝟏}^{\mathbf{}}}(z):+:X_{𝜶_\mathrm{𝟏}^{\mathbf{}}}(z)X_{\mathbf{}𝜶_\mathrm{𝟏}^\mathbf{+}}(z):,`$ (10.28)
where $`𝜶_1^\pm `$ is defined by (9.21) and $`a_n:=a_n(\alpha _{1,n}^+)+a_n(\alpha _{1,n}^{})`$. Then the operator product expansion is given as follows:

$`\varphi _{}(z)\varphi _+(w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}{\displaystyle \frac{2}{(zw)^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{\varphi _0(w)}{zw}},(z=w),\hfill \\ {\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\varphi }(w)}{z+w}},(z=w),\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.31)
$`\varphi _0(z)\varphi _\pm (w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}{\displaystyle \frac{2\varphi _\pm (w)}{zw}},(z=w),\hfill \\ {\displaystyle \frac{\varphi _\pm (w)}{z+w}},(z=w),\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.34)
$`\varphi _0(z)\overline{\varphi }(w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}{\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\varphi }(w)}{zw}},(z=w),\hfill \\ {\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\varphi }(w)}{z+w}},(z=w),\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.37)
$`\varphi _\pm (z)\overline{\varphi }(w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}{\displaystyle \frac{\varphi _\pm (\pm w)}{zw}},(z=w),\hfill \\ 0,(z=w)\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.40)
$`\overline{\varphi }(z)\overline{\varphi }(w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}0,(z=w),\hfill \\ {\displaystyle \frac{2}{(z+w)^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{z+w}}\left(\varphi _0(w)\varphi _0(w)\right),(z=w),\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.43)
$`\varphi _0(z)\varphi _0(w)`$ $``$ $`\{\begin{array}{c}{\displaystyle \frac{4}{(zw)^2}},(z=w),\hfill \\ {\displaystyle \frac{2}{(z+w)^2}},(z=w).\hfill \end{array}`$ (10.46)
The operator $`\varphi _\pm (z)\varphi _\pm (w)`$ is regular at $`z=\pm w`$.

The generators of $`\widehat{𝔰𝔩}_3`$ of level two are given by

$`\varphi _{}(z)={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{21}[n]z^{2n}+{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{31}[n]z^{2n+1},`$ (10.47)
$`\varphi _+(z)={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{12}[n]z^{2n2}+{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{13}[n]z^{2n3},`$ (10.48)
$`2+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\varphi _0(z)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\overline{\varphi }(z)={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{32}[n]z^{2n}{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}h_{13}[n]z^{2n1},`$ (10.49)
$`1+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\varphi _0(z){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\overline{\varphi }(z)={\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}e_{23}[n]z^{2n2}{\displaystyle \underset{n}{}}h_{12}[n]z^{2n1}.`$ (10.50)
### 10.2.

Our problem is to obtain the fermionic formula for the character of $`(k,r)`$-admissible configurations with the initial condition (2.12). In previous sections we obtained the fermionic formulas for $`(k,2)`$ and $`(k,3)`$-admissible cofigurations with the condition $`a_0b_0`$. For the case of $`r=2`$ our result is sufficient because the condition $`a_0b_0`$ is the only initial condition. However, in the case of $`r=3`$, we should consider not only the condition $`a_0b_0`$ but $`a_0+a_1b_1`$. The fermionic formula we obtained in Section 8 is for the case of $`b_1=k`$. Here we consider the case of $`b_1<k`$.

The definition (8.6) of the space $`I_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}`$ is replaced by

$`g=0\mathrm{if}`$ $`x_1=\mathrm{}=x_a=y_1=\mathrm{}=y_b,(a0,b0,a+b=k+1),`$
$`\mathrm{or}x_1=\mathrm{}=x_{b_0+1}=0,`$
$`\mathrm{or}x_1=\mathrm{}=x_s=y_1=\mathrm{}=y_t=0,(s0,t0,s+t=b_1+1).`$
The functional realization $`F_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}`$ is given by (8.7) with this redefined space $`I_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}`$.

Now introduce the filtration $`\{\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }\}`$ on $`I_{l_1,l_2}^{(k,3)}`$ by (8.14) and consider the image of $`\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }|_{\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu }}`$ as in Proposition 8.4. Then the image is contained a space of functions described as follows. For a partition $`\rho =(\rho _1,\rho _2,\mathrm{})`$ denote by $`m_\rho (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)`$ the monomial symmetric funtion:

$`m_\rho (x_1,\mathrm{},x_n):=\mathrm{Sym}(x_1^{\rho _1}\mathrm{}x_n^{\rho _n}).`$ (10.52)
Let $`I_{\lambda ,\mu }`$ be the ideal of $`𝒮_\lambda (x)𝒮_\mu (y)`$ generated by the elements

$`m_{\rho ^{(1)}}(x_1^{(a)},\mathrm{},x_{m_a(\lambda )}^{(a)})m_{\rho ^{(2)}}(y_1^{(b)},\mathrm{},y_{m_b(\mu )}^{(b)})`$ (10.53)
such that

$`b_1<a+bk,m_a(\lambda )0,m_b(\mu )0`$ (10.54)
and

$`\rho _{m_a(\lambda )}^{(1)}+\rho _{m_b(\lambda )}^{(2)}\mathrm{min}(a,b(b_1b_0)).`$ (10.55)
Then it can be shown that

$`\phi _{\lambda ,\mu }(\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\lambda ,\mu })G_{\lambda ,\mu }{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{k}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{j}{}}(y_j^{(b)})^{(bb_1)_+}I_{\lambda ,\mu }.`$ (10.56)
In Section 8 we proved that the two spaces in (10.56) are equal in the case of $`b_1=k`$ using the vertex operators. For the case of $`b_1<k`$ we do not have proof or disproof of this equality.

Acknowledgments. BF is partially supported by the grants RFBR 02-01-01015 and INTAS-00-00055. JM is partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B2) no.12440039, and TM is partially supported by (A1) no.13304010, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The work of EM is partially supported by NSF grant DMS-0140460. YT is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.


text:
# 1 The evaluation of the leading hadronic vacuum polarization contribution

## Acknowledgment

The authors thank Takeo Moroi and Masahiro Yamaguchi for reading this manuscript carefully and useful comments.