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# Local Monomialization of Transcendental Extensions

## 1. Introduction

Suppose that $`RS`$ are local domains such that $`S`$ dominates $`R`$. We will say that $`RS`$ is monomial if $`R`$ and $`S`$ are regular and there are regular system of parameters $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$ in $`R`$ and $`(y_1,\mathrm{},y_n)`$ in $`S`$, there are units $`\delta _1,\mathrm{},\delta _m`$ in $`S`$ and an $`m\times n`$ matrix $`A`$ of natural numbers such that $`A`$ has maximal rank $`m`$ and

$$\begin{array}{cc}x_1\hfill & =y_1^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}y_n^{a_{1n}}\delta _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ x_m\hfill & =y_1^{a_{m1}}\mathrm{}y_n^{a_{mn}}\delta _m.\hfill \end{array}$$

If $`R`$ is of equicharacteristic zero, and $`RS`$ is monomial then there is a finite étale extension $`S\overline{S}`$, obtained by extracting roots of the $`\delta _i`$, such that $`R\overline{S}`$ is monomial, with all $`\delta _i=1`$ in the above system of equations.

The condition of being monomial is very special. If $`R`$ and $`S`$ are localizations of polynomial rings over a field, the variables of $`R`$ will be related to those of $`S`$ by polynomials, which are of course in general definitely not monomial if $`R`$ and $`S`$ have dimension greater than 1.

In this paper, we prove a very general theorem (Theorem 1.1) showing that when $`RS`$ are essentially of finite type over a field of characteristic zero, they are in fact very close to being monomial. Before we precisely state our result, we will explain the philosophy behind it.

### 1.1. Monoidal transforms, valuations rings and birational local algebra

A particular example of a monomial extension is a monoidal transform of a regular local ring. Suppose that $`R`$ is a regular local ring, and that $`PR`$ is a regular prime; that is, $`R/P`$ is a regular local ring. Let $`f`$ be a nonzero element of $`P`$, and suppose that $`m`$ is a prime ideal of $`R[\frac{P}{f}]`$ that contracts to the maximal ideal of $`R`$. Let $`R_1=R[\frac{P}{f}]_m`$. $`RR_1`$ is called a monoidal transform. A monoidal transform takes on a particularly simple form if $`R`$ contains an algebraically closed field isomorphic to its residue field and $`m`$ is a maximal ideal of $`R[\frac{P}{f}]`$. Then there are systems of regular parameters $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$ in $`R`$ and $`(y_1,\mathrm{},y_m)`$ in $`R_1`$, such that

$$x_i=\{\begin{array}{cc}y_iy_r\hfill & \text{ for }1ir1\hfill \\ y_i\hfill & \text{ for }r<i\text{ dim }R\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`r=\text{ height }(P)`$.

Of course, if we iterate monoidal transforms, the composition will in general not be monomial.

A monoidal transform is just a local ring of the blowup $`X=\text{proj}(_{n0}P^n)`$ of $`P`$, which is proper over $`\text{spec}(R)`$. It has many local rings which dominate $`R`$. The whole blowup scheme contains all information about $`R`$, but it focuses attention on some infinitesimal properties of $`R`$ at its maximal ideal. If we want to interpret this in terms of local algebra, we immediately reach a difficulty. Some local rings in $`X`$ may be more interesting than others, but there is in general no well defined way to pick out a most important local ring. We will state the problem precisely.

Suppose that $`K`$ is a field. If $`R`$ is a Noetherian local domain with quotient field $`K`$, and $`I`$ is an ideal of $`R`$, we want to determine a unique local ring $`R_1`$ of the proper $`R`$ scheme $`X=\text{proj}(_{n0}I^n)`$ which dominates $`R`$.

There is a solution to this problem through valuation theory. We fix a valuation $`\nu `$ of $`K`$ such that its valuation ring $`V`$ dominates $`R`$. We choose $`fR`$ such that $`\nu (f)=\text{ min }\{\nu (f)fI\}`$. $`R[\frac{I}{f}]`$ is contained in $`V`$, and if we let $`m=m_VR[\frac{I}{f}]`$, where $`m_V`$ is the maximal ideal of $`V`$, then $`R_1=R[\frac{I}{f}]_m`$ is the unique local ring of the blowup $`X`$ of $`I`$ which is dominated by the valuation $`\nu `$. If $`I`$ is a regular prime, we say that $`RR_1`$ is a monoidal transform along $`\nu `$.

For this approach to be meaningful, we must consider all types of valuations which dominate $`R`$. As an example, suppose that $`R`$ is an excellent, normal two dimensional local ring. If we blow up the maximal ideal of $`R`$ and normalize the resulting scheme, there will only be isolated singularities. If the scheme is not regular, we can take $`R_1`$ to be the local ring of one of the singular points. Now we blow up the maximal ideal of $`R_1`$ and normalize. If this scheme is not regular, we can take $`R_2`$ to be the local ring of a singular point. We can iterate this procedure, and obtain a birational sequence of normal local rings

$$RR_1R_2\mathrm{}$$

which continues as long as the normalization of the blowup of the maximal ideal of $`R_i`$ is singular.

This problem can be easily interpreted in valuation theory. If the sequence is infinite, then we can consider the subring $`_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}R_i`$ of the quotient field $`K`$ of $`R`$. There exists a valuation ring $`V`$ of $`K`$ which dominates $`R`$. In fact, since we are in dimension two, $`_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}R_i`$ is a valuation ring. The valuation ring dominates each $`R_i`$ in the above sequence. In general, $`_{i=0}^{\mathrm{}}R_i`$ is not Noetherian, so we are forced to consider general valuations, whose value groups are much larger than $`𝐙`$. For instance, even on an algebraic function field of dimension two, there are valuations with value group $`𝐐`$ (c.f. Example 3, Section 15, Chapter VI ).

The problem of resolution of singularities is formulated in local birational algebra as local uniformization. Suppose that $`R`$ is a local domain with quotient field $`K`$, and $`V`$ is a valuation ring of $`K`$ which dominates $`R`$. The problem of local uniformization is to find a sequence of monoidal transforms $`RR^{}`$ of $`R`$ along $`V`$ such that $`R^{}`$ is a regular local ring.

Local uniformization was originally proven in all dimensions for local rings essentially of finite type over a field of characteristic 0 by Zariski , . Of course this is now also a consequence of Hironaka’s general theorems on resolution of singularities in characteristic 0 . Local uniformization is known to be true for excellent local rings of dimension two, (, , , ), and resolution of singularities is known for excellent surfaces of dimension two. Local uniformization is known for local rings which are essentially of finite type over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $`p2,3`$ or 5 . Recently there has been meaningful progress in local uniformization in higher dimensions over fields of positive characteristic (, ,,,).

For varieties of dimension $`3`$, Local Uniformization implies resolution of singularities (, ), but the validity of this implication is unknown in higher dimensions.

### 1.2. Local Monomialization

We now state the problem of monomialization of our extension of local rings $`RS`$ in birational local algebra.

Suppose that $`RS`$ is a local homomorphism of local rings essentially of finite type over a field $`k`$ and that $`V`$ is a valuation ring of the quotient field $`K`$ of $`S`$, such that $`V`$ dominates $`S`$. Then we can ask if there are sequences of monoidal transforms $`RR^{}`$ and $`SS^{}`$ along $`V`$ such that $`V`$ dominates $`S^{}`$, $`S^{}`$ dominates $`R^{}`$, and $`RR^{}`$ is a monomial mapping.

$$\begin{array}{ccc}R^{}\hfill & \hfill & S^{}V\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ R\hfill & \hfill & S\hfill \end{array}$$

We completely answer this question in the affirmative when $`k`$ has characteristic 0 in Theorem 1.1. Notations are as in Section 2

###### Theorem 1.1.

Suppose that $`k`$ is a field of characteristic zero, $`KK^{}`$ is a (possibly transcendental) extension of algebraic function fields over $`k`$. Suppose that $`\nu ^{}`$ is a valuation of $`K^{}`$ which is trivial on $`k`$. Suppose that $`R`$ is an algebraic local ring of $`K`$, $`S`$ is an algebraic local ring of $`K^{}`$ such that $`S`$ dominates $`R`$ and $`\nu ^{}`$ dominates $`S`$. Then there exist sequences of monoidal transforms $`RR^{}`$ and $`SS^{}`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ such that $`R^{}`$ and $`S^{}`$ are regular local rings, $`S^{}`$ dominates $`R^{}`$, there exist regular parameters $`(y_1,\mathrm{},y_n)`$ in $`S^{}`$, $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$ in $`R^{}`$, units $`\delta _1,\mathrm{},\delta _mS^{}`$ and an $`m\times n`$ matrix $`(c_{ij})`$ of nonnegative integers such that $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`m`$, and

(1)
$$x_i=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{}}y_j^{c_{ij}}\delta _i$$

for $`1im`$.

The case when the field extension $`KK^{}`$ is finite is solved in Theorem 1.1 of our paper .

The standard theorems on resolution of singularities allow one to easily find $`R^{}`$ and $`S^{}`$ such that (1) holds, but, in general, the essential condition that $`(a_{ij})`$ has maximal rank $`m`$ will not hold. It is for this reason that we must construct the sequence of monoidal transforms $`RR^{}`$, even if $`R`$ is regular. The difficulty of the proof of the Theorem is to achieve this condition.

It is an interesting open problem to prove Theorem 1.1 in positive characteristic, even in dimension 2 (, ).

In  and  we use Theorem 1.1 , which is the finite field extension $`KK^{}`$ case of Theorem 1.1 to prove very strong results in the ramification theory of general valuations on characteristic zero algebraic function fields, such as Abhyankar’s “ Weak local simultaneous resolution conjecture”. It is expected that Theorem 1.1 can be used to extend this ramification theory to arbitrary extensions of characteristic zero algebraic function fields.

We will make a few comments here about the proof of Theorem 1.1. Our starting point is the proof for finite extensions $`KK^{}`$ of our paper . An overview of the proof (in the finite field extension case) can be found in Section 1.3 of .

Some parts of this proof generalize readily to the case when $`K^{}`$ is transcendental over $`K`$. For these parts, we give here the modified statements, and indicate the changes which must be made in the original proofs. However, there are some parts of the proof which are quite different. The really new ingrediants in the proof are given in the critical sections 6 and 7 of this paper. As in the proof for the case when $`KK^{}`$ is finite, we reduce to the case when $`V^{}`$ has rank 1. Since $`V=V^{}K`$ then has rank $`1`$, and we can assume that $`V`$ is nontrivial, we are reduced to the case when $`V`$ has rank 1 also. Two new complexities arise in the case when $`K^{}`$ is transcendental over $`K`$. The rational rank of a valuation $`\nu `$ is the dimension of the $`𝐐`$ vector space $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$, where $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu `$ is the valuation group of $`\nu `$. We have an inequality $`\overline{r}=\text{ ratrank }(\nu )\overline{s}=\text{ ratrank }(\nu ^{})`$. If $`K^{}`$ is finite over $`K`$ this is an equality. The case when $`\overline{r}=\text{ ratrank }(\nu )<\overline{s}=\text{ ratrank }(\nu ^{})`$ is significantly more difficult. It is addressed in Section 7. The second major new complexity lies in the extension of residue fields of valuations. If $`k(V^{})`$ is the residue field of $`V^{}`$ and $`k(V)`$ is the residue field of $`V`$, then we have $`\text{ trdeg }_{k(V)}k(V^{})\text{ trdeg }_KK^{}`$. Thus $`k(V^{})`$ is algebraic (though not generally finite) over $`k(V)`$ if $`K^{}`$ is finite over $`K`$. The new arguments which are required to handle the case when $`k(V^{})`$ is transcendental over $`k(V)`$ are in Sections 6 and 7.

### 1.3. Monomialization of morphisms of varieties

We discuss an application of our Theorem 1.1 to proper morphisms of varieties, and the problem of monomialization of morphisms of varieties.

###### Definition 1.2.

Suppose that $`\mathrm{\Phi }:XY`$ is a dominant morphism of nonsingular integral finite type $`k`$ schemes. $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ is monomial if for every $`pX`$ there exist regular parameters $`(y_1,\mathrm{},y_m)`$ in $`𝒪_{Y,\mathrm{\Phi }(p)}`$, and an étale cover $`U`$ of an affine neighborhood of $`p`$, uniformizing parameters $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)`$ on $`U`$ and a matrix $`a_{ij}`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{cc}y_1=\hfill & x_1^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}x_n^{a_{1n}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ y_m=\hfill & x_1^{a_{m1}}\mathrm{}x_n^{a_{mn}}\hfill \end{array}$$

We do not assume that $`X`$ and $`Y`$ are separated in the above definition. Since $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ is dominant, the matrix $`(a_{ij})`$ must have maximal rank $`m`$.

A quasi-complete variety over a field $`k`$ is an integral finite type $`k`$-scheme which satisfies the existence part of the valuative criterion for properness (Hironaka, Chapter 0, Section 6 of  and Chapter 8 of ).

The construction of a monomialization by quasi-complete varieties follows from Theorem 1.1.

###### Theorem 1.3.

Let $`k`$ be a field of characteristic zero, $`\mathrm{\Phi }:XY`$ a dominant morphism of proper $`k`$-varieties. Then there are birational morphisms of nonsingular quasi-complete $`k`$-varieties $`\alpha :X_1X`$ and $`\beta :Y_1Y`$, and a monomial morphism $`\mathrm{\Psi }:X_1Y_1`$ such that the diagram

$$\begin{array}{ccc}X_1\hfill & \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\mathrm{\Psi }}{}\hfill & Y_1\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ X\hfill & \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\mathrm{\Phi }}{}\hfill & Y\hfill \end{array}$$

commutes and $`\alpha `$ and $`\beta `$ are locally products of blow ups of nonsingular subvarieties. That is, for every $`zX_1`$, there exist affine neighborhoods $`V_1`$ of $`z`$, $`V`$ of $`x=\alpha (z)`$, such that $`\alpha :V_1V`$ is a finite product of monoidal transforms, and there exist affine neighborhoods $`W_1`$ of $`\mathrm{\Psi }(z)`$, $`W`$ of $`y=\beta (\mathrm{\Psi }(z))`$, such that $`\beta :W_1W`$ is a finite product of monoidal transforms.

A monoidal transform of a nonsingular $`k`$-scheme $`S`$ is the map $`TS`$ induced by an open subset $`T`$ of $`\text{Proj}(^n)`$, where $``$ is the ideal sheaf of a nonsingular subvariety of $`S`$.

The case of Theorem 1.3 when $`XY`$ is generically finite is proven in Theorem 1.2 of our paper .

The proof of Theorem 1.3 in general follows from Theorem 1.1, by patching a finite number of local solutions, as in the proof of Theorem 1.2 . The resulting schemes may not be separated.

It is an extremely interesting question to determine if the conclusions of Theorem 1.3 hold, but with the stronger conditions that $`\alpha `$ and $`\beta `$ are products of monoidal transforms on proper varieties $`X_1`$ and $`Y_1`$.

The strongest known result on monomialization is our theorem below.

###### Theorem 1.4.

(Theorem 18.21, ) Suppose that $`\mathrm{\Phi }:XS`$ is a dominant morphism from a 3 fold $`X`$ to a surface $`S`$ (over an algebraically closed field $`k`$ of characteristic zero). Then there exist sequences of blow ups of nonsingular subvarieties $`X_1X`$ and $`S_1S`$ such that the induced map $`\mathrm{\Phi }_1:X_1S_1`$ is a monomial morphism.

A generalization of this result to prove monomialization of strongly prepared morphisms from $`N`$-folds to surfaces appears in the paper  with Olga Kashcheyeva.

The author would like to thank the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute for its hospitality while this manuscript was being prepared.

## 2. Notations

We will denote the maximal ideal of a local ring $`R`$ by $`m(R)`$. If $`R`$ contains a field $`k`$, we will denote its residue field by $`k(R)`$. We will denote the quotient field of a domain $`R`$ by $`Q(R)`$. Suppose that $`RS`$ is an inclusion of local rings. We will say that $`R`$ dominates $`S`$ if $`m(S)R=m(R)`$. Suppose that $`K`$ is an algebraic function field over a field $`k`$. We will say that a local ring $`R`$ with quotient field $`K`$ is an algebraic local ring of $`K`$ if $`R`$ is essentially of finite type over $`k`$. If $`R`$ is a local ring, $`\widehat{R}`$ will denote the completion of $`R`$ at its maximal ideal. If $`L_1`$ and $`L_2`$ are 2 subfields of a field $`M`$, then $`L_1L_2`$ will denote the subfield of $`M`$ generated by $`L_1`$ and $`L_2`$.

Good introductions to the valuation theory which we require in this paper can be found in Chapter VI of  and in . A valuation $`\nu `$ of $`K`$ will be called a $`k`$-valuation if $`\nu (k)=0`$. We will denote by $`V_\nu `$ the associated valuation ring, which necessarily contains $`k`$. A valuation ring $`V`$ of $`K`$ will be called a $`k`$-valuation ring if $`kV`$. The value group of a valuation $`\nu `$ with valuation ring $`V`$ will be denoted by $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu `$ or $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_V`$. We will abuse notation by denoting the valuation $`\nu `$, which is a homorphism of the group of units of $`K`$, as a function on $`K`$. If $`R`$ is a subring of $`V_\nu `$ then the center of $`\nu `$ (the center of $`V_\nu `$) on $`R`$ is the prime ideal $`Rm(V_\nu )`$. If $`R`$ is a Noetherian subring of $`V_\nu `$ and $`IR`$ is an ideal, we will write $`\nu (I)=\rho `$ if $`\rho =\text{ min }\{\nu (f)fI\}`$.

We will review the concept of composite valuations. For details, we refer to Section 10 of Chapter II of  and Section 10, Chapter VI . If $`\nu `$ is a valuation of rank greater than 1, then $`\nu `$ is a composite valuation. That is, there are valuations $`w`$ and $`\overline{\nu }`$ where $`w`$ is a valuation of $`K`$ and $`\overline{\nu }`$ is a valuation of the residue field of $`V_w`$ such that if $`\pi :V_wk(V_w)`$ is the residue map, then $`V_v=\pi ^1(V_{\overline{\nu }})`$. For $`fV_w`$ such that $`\pi (f)0`$ we have $`\nu (f)=\overline{\nu }(\pi (f))`$. This gives us an inclusion of value groups $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\overline{\nu }}\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu `$. $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\overline{\nu }}`$ is an isolated subgroup of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu `$. There exists a prime ideal $`p`$ in $`V_\nu `$ such that $`V_w=(V_\nu )_p`$. For $`fK`$, $`w(f)`$ is the residue of $`\nu (f)`$ in $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_w=\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu /\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\overline{\nu }}`$. We say that $`\nu `$ is the composite of $`w`$ and $`\overline{\nu }`$ and write $`\nu =w\overline{\nu }`$.

Suppose that $`R`$ is a local domain. A monoidal transform $`RR_1`$ is a birational extension of local domains such that $`R_1=R[\frac{P}{x}]_m`$ where $`P`$ is a regular prime ideal of $`R`$, $`0xP`$ and $`m`$ is a prime ideal of $`R[\frac{P}{x}]`$ such that $`mR=m(R)`$. $`RR_1`$ is called a quadratic transform if $`P=m(R)`$.

If $`R`$ is regular, and $`RR_1`$ is a monodial transform, then there exists a regular sustem of parameters $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_n)`$ in $`R`$ and $`rn`$ such that

$$R_1=R[\frac{x_2}{x_1},\mathrm{},\frac{x_r}{x_1}]_m.$$

Suppose that $`\nu `$ is a valuation of the quotient field $`R`$ with valuation ring $`V_\nu `$ which dominates $`R`$. Then $`RR_1`$ is a monoidal transform along $`\nu `$ (along $`V_\nu `$) if $`\nu `$ dominates $`R_1`$.

## 3. valuations

###### Lemma 3.1.

Suppose that $`K`$ is a field containing a subfield $`k`$, $`t_1,\mathrm{},t_\alpha `$ are algebraically independent over $`K`$ and $`\nu `$ is a $`k`$-valuation of $`K`$ with valuation ring $`V`$. Then there exists a unique extension $`\overline{\nu }`$ of $`\nu `$ to $`K(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\alpha )`$, such that $`\overline{\nu }(f)=\nu (f)`$ for $`fK`$, $`\overline{\nu }(t_i)=0`$, and if $`\overline{V}`$ is the valuation ring of $`\overline{\nu }`$, then the images of $`t_1,\mathrm{},t_\alpha `$ in $`k(\overline{V})`$ are algebraically independent over $`k(V)`$.

###### Proof.

For $`I=(i_1,\mathrm{},i_\alpha )𝐍^\alpha `$, let $`t^I=t_1^{i_1}\mathrm{}t_\alpha ^{i_\alpha }`$. If

$$0h=\underset{I𝐍^\alpha }{}f_It^IK[t_1,\mathrm{},t_\alpha ]$$

with $`f_IK`$, define

$$\overline{\nu }(f)=\text{min}\{\nu (f_I)f_I0\}.$$

This induces an extension of $`\nu `$ as desired. We will verify that $`\overline{\nu }(fg)=\overline{\nu }(f)+\overline{\nu }(g)`$ for

$$f=\underset{I}{}f_It^I,g=\underset{J}{}g_jt^JK[t_1,\mathrm{},t_\alpha ].$$

$$fg=\underset{A}{}\left(\underset{I+J=A}{}f_Ih_J\right)t^A.$$

For each $`A`$,

$$\nu \left(\underset{I+J=A}{}f_Ig_J\right)\text{ min }\{\nu (f_I)+\nu (g_J)I+J=A\}\overline{\nu }(f)+\overline{\nu }(g).$$

Let $`I_0`$ be such that $`\nu (f_{I_0})>\nu (f_I)`$ if $`I<I_0`$ (in the Lex order) and $`\nu (f_I)\nu (f_{I_0)})`$ if $`I>I_0`$. Similarily, let $`J_0`$ be such that $`\nu (g_{J_0})>\nu (g_J)`$ if $`J<J_0`$ and $`\nu (g_J)\nu (g_{J_0)})`$ if $`J>J_0`$. Let $`A_0=I_0+J_0`$. Then

$$\nu (\underset{I+J=A_0}{}f_Ig_J)=\nu (f_{I_0}g_{J_0})=\overline{\nu }(f)+\overline{\nu }(g).$$

Thus $`\overline{\nu }(fg)=\overline{\nu }(f)+\overline{\nu }(g)`$.

Suppose that $`\overline{\nu }`$ is an extension of $`\nu `$ with the desired properties. If $`h=f_It^IK[t_1,\mathrm{},t_\alpha ]`$ with $`f_IK`$, let $`f_J`$ be such that $`\nu (f_J)=\text{min}\{\nu (f_I)\}`$. If $`\overline{\nu }(h)>\nu (f_J)`$, then $`\overline{\nu }(_I\frac{f_I}{f_J}t^I)>0`$ so that

$$[\frac{f_I}{f_J}t^J]=0\text{ in }k(\overline{V}),$$

where $`[\beta ]`$ denotes the class of $`\beta \overline{V}`$ in $`k(\overline{V})`$. But by assumption, $`[t_1],\mathrm{},[t_\alpha ]`$ are algebraically independent in $`k(\overline{V})`$ over $`k(V)`$. This is a contradiction. ∎

###### Lemma 3.2.

Suppose that $`K`$ is a field containing a subfield $`k`$, $`t_1,\mathrm{},t_\alpha `$ are analytically independent over $`K`$ and $`\nu `$ is a $`k`$-valuation of $`K`$ with valuation ring $`V`$. Suppose that $`R`$ is a noetherian local domain with quotient field $`K`$ such that $`V`$ dominates $`R`$. Then there exists a unique extension $`\overline{\nu }`$ of $`\nu `$ to $`Q(R[[t_1\mathrm{},t_\alpha ]])`$ such that $`\overline{\nu }(f)=\nu (f)`$ for $`fK`$, $`\overline{\nu }(t_i)=0`$ for $`1i\alpha `$, and if $`\overline{V}`$ is the valuation ring of $`\overline{\nu }`$, then the images of $`t_1,\mathrm{},t_\alpha k(\overline{V})`$ are analytically independent over $`k(V)`$.

###### Proof.

For a series

$$f=a_It^IR[[t_1,\mathrm{},t_\alpha ]]$$

with $`a_IR`$, we define

$$\overline{\nu }(f)=\text{ min }\{\nu (f_I)f_IR\}.$$

We first verify that $`\overline{\nu }`$ is well defined. Suppose that

$$\text{ min }\{\nu (f)f_IR\}$$

does not exist. Then there exists an infinite descending chain of values

$$a_1>a_2>a_3>\mathrm{}>0$$

and $`f_iR`$ such that $`\nu (f_i)=a_i`$ for all positive integers $`i`$. Let $`I_i`$ be the $`R`$ ideal

$$I_i=\{gR\nu (g)a_i\}.$$

Then we have an infinite strictly ascending chain of ideals in $`R`$,

$$I_1I_2\mathrm{},$$

a contradiction to the assumption that $`R`$ is Noetherian.

As in the proof of Lemma 3.1, $`\overline{\nu }`$ induces an extension of $`\nu `$ as desired. As in the proof of Lemma 3.1, $`\overline{\nu }`$ is unique. ∎

## 4. Rational Rank 1 Valuations

Suppose that $`k`$ is a field of characteristic 0 and $`KK^{}`$ is an extension of algebraic function fields over $`k`$. Suppose that $`\nu ^{}`$ is a rank 1 $`k`$-valuation of $`K^{}`$ with valuation ring $`V^{}`$. Let $`\nu =\nu ^{}K`$ with valuation ring $`V=V^{}K`$. Necessarily, $`\nu `$ has rank $`1`$ (c.f. Lemma 9.3 and the discussion following Lemma 9.3). Assume that $`\nu `$ has rank 1 and that $`k(V)`$ is algebraic over $`k`$.

Let $`\overline{r}=\text{ratrank }\nu `$, $`\overline{s}=\text{ratrank }\nu ^{}`$ be the respective rational ranks. Let $`m=\text{trdeg}_kK`$, $`n=\text{trdeg}_kK^{}\text{trdeg}_kk(V^{})`$. We necessarily have $`mn`$, $`\overline{r}m`$, $`\overline{s}n`$ and $`\overline{r}\overline{s}`$.

Suppose that $`R`$ is an algebraic local ring of $`K`$, $`S`$ is an algebraic local ring of $`K^{}`$ such that $`R`$ and $`S`$ are regular, $`S`$ dominates $`R`$, and $`V^{}`$ dominates $`S`$ (so that $`V`$ dominates $`R`$).

Suppose that $`\text{trdeg}_kk(S)=\text{trdeg}_kk(V^{})`$. Further suppose that $`t_1,\mathrm{},t_{\overline{\alpha }}S`$ are such that their residues in $`k(V^{})`$ are a transcendence basis of $`k(V^{})`$ over $`k(V)`$. We then have that the residues of $`t_1,\mathrm{}t_{\overline{\alpha }}`$ in $`k(S)`$ are also a transcendence basis of $`k(S)`$ over $`k(R)`$.

We define a monoidal transform sequence (MTS) as in Definition 3.1 of  and define a uniformizing transform sequence (UTS), a rational uniformizing transform sequence (RUTS) and a UTS along a valuation as in Definition 3.2 .

We also define, for our $`R`$ with quotient field $`K`$ and extension ring $`S`$ with quotient field $`K^{}`$ a compatable UTS (CUTS), a compatable RUTS (CRUTS) and a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ as on page 29 of . Of course, in a CUTS $`(R,\overline{R}_n^{\prime \prime },\overline{T}_n)`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}_n^{\prime \prime },\overline{U}_n)`$, we now have that the quotient field of $`\overline{U}_i^{\prime \prime }`$ is a finitely generated extension field of the quotient field of $`\overline{T}_i^{\prime \prime }`$ for all $`i`$, as opposed to the much stronger condition of being a finite extension, which holds in .

Lemma 3.3 of page 29 of  on the compatability of a CRUTS and its associated MTS is valid in our extended setting. The same proof holds.

Suppose that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime },\overline{T})`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime },\overline{U})`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$. When there is no danger of confusion, we will denote by $`\nu ^{}`$ our extension of $`\nu ^{}`$ to the quotient field of $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ which dominates $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$, $`\nu `$ our extension of $`\nu `$ to the quotient field of $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ which dominates $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$, $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}`$ our extension of $`\nu ^{}`$ to the quotient field of $`\overline{U}`$ which dominates $`\overline{U}`$, and $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }`$ our extension of $`\nu `$ to the quotient field of $`\overline{T}`$ which dominates $`\overline{T}`$.

For $`f\overline{U}`$, we will write $`\nu ^{}(f)<\mathrm{}`$ to mean $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(f)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}`$. For $`f\overline{T}`$, $`\nu (f)<\mathrm{}`$ will mean $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(f)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu `$.

Let $`p_{\overline{U}}=\{f\overline{U}\nu ^{}(f)=\mathrm{}\}`$, $`p_{\overline{T}}=\{f\overline{T}\nu (f)=\mathrm{}\}`$. Our extension of $`\nu ^{}`$ to $`Q(\overline{U}/p_{\overline{U}})`$ and of $`\nu `$ to $`Q(\overline{T}/p_{\overline{T}})`$ are canonical and have value groups $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}`$ and $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu `$ respectively. Note that we have natural embeddings $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }\overline{T}/p_{\overline{T}}`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }\overline{U}/p_{\overline{U}}`$. We will in general not be concerned with precise values of elements in $`Q(\overline{U})`$ and $`Q(\overline{T})`$ which have infinite value.

## 5. Perron Transforms

In this section, assumptions and notations will be as in Section 4.

We define a UTS $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)`$ of type $`I`$ and a UTS $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)`$ of type $`II_r`$ along $`\nu `$, using the “Algorithm of Perron”  as in section 4.1 of . Since our notations are a little different, we summarize the final forms of the transformations here. We assume (as in section 4.1 of ) that $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m)`$ such that $`\nu (\overline{x}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}})`$ is a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$.

We first state the equations defining a UTS $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)`$ of type $`I`$. $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1)=\overline{T}^{}(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m(1))`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1=\hfill & \overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{1\overline{r}}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}=\hfill & \overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}}\hfill \end{array}$$

and $`\overline{x}_i=\overline{x}_i(1)`$ for $`\overline{r}<im`$. The matrix $`A=(a_{ij})`$ of natural numbers is computed using Perron’s algorithm. We have $`\text{Det}(A)=\pm 1`$, and $`\nu (\overline{x}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1))`$ are a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$.

We now state the equations defining a UTS $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)`$ of type $`II_r`$ with $`0<rm\overline{r}`$. $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m(1))`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1=\hfill & \overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{1\overline{r}}}c^{a_{1,\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}=\hfill & \overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}}c^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+r}\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{\overline{r}+1,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}}}(\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+r}(1)+1)c^{a_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \end{array}$$

and $`\overline{x}_i=\overline{x}_i(1)`$ for $`\overline{r}<im`$ and $`i\overline{r}+r`$. We have that $`ck(\overline{T}(1))`$ and $`A=(a_{ij})`$ is a matrix of natural numbers such that $`\text{Det}(A)=\pm 1`$. $`\nu (\overline{x}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1))`$ are a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$.

We define UTSs $`\overline{U}\overline{U}(1)`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ in a similar way. Starting with regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n)`$ in $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ such that $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1)\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}})`$ are a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$, we define a UTS $`\overline{U}\overline{U}(1)`$ of type $`I`$ so that $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1)=\overline{U}^{}(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n(1))`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{y}_1\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{1\overline{s}}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{y}_{\overline{s}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{\overline{s}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{\overline{s}\overline{s}}}\hfill \end{array}$$

and $`\overline{y}_i=\overline{y}_i(1)`$ for $`\overline{s}<in`$. We have that $`B=(b_{ij})`$ is a matrix of natural numbers such that $`\text{Det}(B)=\pm 1`$ and $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1))`$ are a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$.

We define a UTS $`\overline{U}\overline{U}(1)`$ of type $`II_r`$ with $`0<rn\overline{s}`$ so that $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n(1))`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{y}_1=\hfill & \overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{1\overline{s}}}d^{b_{1,\overline{s}+1}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{y}_{\overline{s}}=\hfill & \overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{\overline{s}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{\overline{s}\overline{s}}}d^{b_{\overline{s},\overline{s}+1}}\hfill \\ \overline{y}_{\overline{s}+r}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{\overline{s}+1,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{\overline{s}+1,\overline{s}}}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+r}(1)+d)d^{b_{\overline{s}+1,\overline{s}+1}}\hfill \end{array}$$

and $`\overline{y}_i=\overline{y}_i(1)`$ for $`\overline{s}<in`$ and $`i\overline{s}+r`$. We have $`dk(\overline{U}(1))`$ and $`B=(b_{ij})`$ is a matrix of natural numbers such that $`\text{Det}(B)=\pm 1`$ and $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1))`$ are a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$.

###### Lemma 5.1.

Suppose that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime },\overline{T})`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime },\overline{U})`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$, $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m)`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n)`$, related by

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\alpha _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\alpha _{\overline{r}}\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _{\overline{r}}k(\overline{U})`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}})`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}})`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$. Suppose that $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)`$ is a UTS of type I along $`\nu `$, such that $`\overline{T}^{}(1)=\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m(1))`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{1\overline{r}}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}}}.\hfill \end{array}$$

Then there exists a UTS of type I along $`\nu ^{}`$, $`\overline{U}\overline{U}(1)`$ such that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1),\overline{T}(1))`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1),\overline{U}(1))`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ and $`\overline{U}^{}(1)=\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n(1))`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{y}_1\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{1\overline{s}}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{y}_{\overline{s}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{\overline{s}}1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{\overline{s}\overline{s}}}\hfill \end{array}$$

and

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{c_{11}(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{c_{1\overline{s}}(1)}\alpha _1(1)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{c_{\overline{r}1}(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}(1)}\alpha _{\overline{r}}(1)\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\alpha _1(1),\mathrm{},\alpha _{\overline{r}}(1)k(\overline{U}(1))`$ are products of integral powers of the $`\alpha _i`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1))`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1))`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij}(1))`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Lemma 5.1 is a minor extension of Lemma 4.3 . The same proof is valid, after replacing $`s`$ in Lemma 4.3 with $`\overline{r}`$ and $`\overline{s}`$ as necessary.

###### Lemma 5.2.

Suppose that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime },\overline{T})`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime },\overline{U})`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$, $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m)`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n)`$ with

(2)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\alpha _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\alpha _{\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _{\overline{r}}k(\overline{U})`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}})`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}})`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Suppose that $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)`$ is a UTS of type $`II_r`$ along $`\nu `$, with $`rl`$, such that $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m(1))`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{1\overline{r}}}c^{a_{1,\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}}}c^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+r}\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{\overline{r}+1,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}}}(\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+r}(1)+1)c^{a_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}+1}}.\hfill \end{array}$$

Then there exists a UTS of type $`II_r`$ (followed by a UTS of type $`I`$) along $`\nu ^{}`$, $`\overline{U}\overline{U}(1)`$, such that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1),\overline{T}(1))`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1),\overline{U}(1))`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n(1))`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{y}_1\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{1\overline{s}}}d^{b_{1\overline{s}+1}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{y}_{\overline{s}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{\overline{s}}1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{\overline{s}\overline{s}}}d^{b_{\overline{s},\overline{s}+1}}\hfill \\ \overline{y}_{\overline{s}+r}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{\overline{s}+1,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{\overline{s}+1,\overline{s}}}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+r}(1)+1)d^{b_{\overline{s}+1,\overline{s}+1}}\hfill \end{array}$$

and

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{c_{11}(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{c_{1\overline{s}}(1)}\alpha _1(1)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{c_{\overline{r}1}(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}(1)}\alpha _{\overline{r}}(1)\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\alpha _1(1),\mathrm{},\alpha _{\overline{r}}(1)k(\overline{U}(1))`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1))`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1))`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij}(1))`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Lemma 5.2 is a simple variation of Lemma 4.4 .

###### Lemma 5.3.

Suppose that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime },\overline{T})`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime },\overline{U})`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$, $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m)`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n)`$ such that

(3)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\alpha _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\alpha _{\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l+1}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l+1}\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _{\overline{r}}k(\overline{U})`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}})`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}})`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Suppose that $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)`$ is a UTS of type $`II_{l+1}`$ along $`\nu `$, such that $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m(1))`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{1\overline{r}}}c^{a_{1,\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}}}c^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l+1}\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{\overline{r}+1,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}}(\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l+1}(1)+1)c^{a_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \end{array}$$

Then there exists a UTS of type $`II_{l+1}`$ (followed by a UTS of type $`I`$) along $`\nu ^{}`$ $`\overline{U}\overline{U}(1)`$ such that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1),\overline{T}(1))`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1),\overline{U}(1))`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n(1))`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{y}_1\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{1\overline{s}}}d^{b_{1\overline{s}+1}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{y}_{\overline{s}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{\overline{s}}1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{\overline{s}\overline{s}}}d^{b_{\overline{s},\overline{s}+1}}\hfill \\ \overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l+1}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{b_{\overline{s}+1,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{\overline{s}+1,\overline{s}}}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l+1}(1)+1)d^{b_{\overline{s}+1,\overline{s}+1}}\hfill \end{array}$$

and

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{c_{11}(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{c_{1\overline{s}}(1)}\alpha _1(1)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{c_{\overline{r}1}(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}(1)}\alpha _{\overline{r}}(1)\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l+1}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l+1}\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\alpha _1(1),\mathrm{},\alpha _{\overline{r}}(1)k(\overline{U}(1))`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1))`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1))`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij}(1))`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Lemma 5.3 is a simple variation of Lemma 4.5 .

###### Lemma 5.4.

Suppose that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime },\overline{T})`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime },\overline{U})`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$, $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m)`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n)`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\alpha _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\alpha _{\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l+1}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}\delta \hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\delta \overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ is a unit, $`\alpha _1,\mathrm{},\alpha _{\overline{r}}k(\overline{U})`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}})`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}})`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Suppose that $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)`$ is a UTS of type $`II_{l+1}`$ along $`\nu `$, such that $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m(1))`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{1\overline{r}}}c^{a_{1,\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}}}c^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l+1}\hfill & =\overline{x}_1(1)^{a_{\overline{r}+1,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}}(\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l+1}(1)+1)c^{a_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}+1}}.\hfill \end{array}$$

Then there exists a UTS of type $`I`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ $`\overline{U}\overline{U}(1)`$ such that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1),\overline{T}(1))`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1),\overline{U}(1))`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ and $`\overline{U}^{}(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\widehat{y}_1(1),\mathrm{},\widehat{y}_n(1))`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{y}_1\hfill & =\widehat{y}_1(1)^{b_{11}}\mathrm{}\widehat{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{1\overline{s}}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{y}_{\overline{s}}\hfill & =\widehat{y}_1(1)^{b_{\overline{s}}1}\mathrm{}\widehat{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{b_{\overline{s}\overline{s}}}\hfill \end{array}$$

and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n(1))`$ such that $`\overline{y}_i(1)=ϵ_i\widehat{y}_i(1)`$ for $`1i\overline{s}`$ for some units $`ϵ_i\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1)`$,

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{c_{11}(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{c_{1\overline{s}}(1)}\alpha _1(1)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(1)^{c_{\overline{r}1}(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}(1)}\alpha _{\overline{r}}(1)\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}(1)\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\alpha _1(1),\mathrm{},\alpha _{\overline{r}}(1)k(\overline{U}(1))`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1))`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1(1)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1))`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij}(1))`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Lemma 5.4 is a simple variation of Lemma 4.6 . The last two lines of page 45  must be replaced with the following lines:

After possibly interchanging $`\widehat{y}_1(1),\mathrm{},\widehat{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)`$, we may assume that if

$$\stackrel{~}{C}=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}c_{11}(1)\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & c_{1\overline{r}}(1)\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\hfill & & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ c_{\overline{r}1}(1)\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & c_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}(1)\hfill \end{array}\right)$$

then $`\text{Det}(\stackrel{~}{C})0`$. Set $`(e_{ij})=\stackrel{~}{C}^1`$, and set

$$ϵ_i=\{\begin{array}{cc}\delta _1^{e_{i1}}\mathrm{}\delta _{\overline{r}}^{e_{i\overline{r}}}(\frac{\delta _{l+1}}{c})^{\gamma _1e_{i1}\mathrm{}\gamma _{\overline{r}}e_{i\overline{r}}}\hfill & \text{for }1i\overline{r},\hfill \\ 1\hfill & \text{ for }\overline{r}<i\overline{s}\hfill \end{array}$$

## 6. UTSs of form $`\overline{m}`$

In this section, assumptions and notations will be as in Section 4.

###### Definition 6.1.

Suppose that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime },\overline{T})`$ is a UTS along $`\nu `$, such that $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0)`$ for some $`c_0\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ and $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m)`$

Suppose that $`0\overline{m}m\overline{r}`$. We will say that a UTS along $`\nu `$

(4)
$$\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)\mathrm{}\overline{T}(t)$$

is of form $`\overline{m}`$ if for $`0\alpha t`$, $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha )`$ has regular parameters

$$(\overline{z}_1(\alpha ),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m(\alpha ))\text{ and }(\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_1^{}(\alpha ),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_m^{}(\alpha )),$$

where $`\overline{z}_i(0)=\overline{z}_i`$ for $`1im`$, $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha )`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_\alpha )`$ and there are polynomials

$$P_{i,\alpha }k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_\alpha )[\overline{z}_1(\alpha ),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{i1}(\alpha )]\text{ for }\overline{r}+1i\overline{r}+\overline{m}$$

such that

$$\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_i^{}(\alpha )=\{\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_i(\alpha )P_{i,\alpha }\hfill & \text{if }\overline{r}+1i\overline{r}+\overline{m}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_i(\alpha )\hfill & \text{otherwise}\hfill \end{array}$$

Each $`\overline{T}(\alpha )\overline{T}(\alpha +1)`$ will either be of type $`I`$ or of type $`II_r`$ with $`1r\overline{r}+\overline{m}`$.

In a transformation $`\overline{T}(\alpha )\overline{T}(\alpha +1)`$ of type $`I`$, $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha +1)`$ will have regular parameters $`(\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m(\alpha +1))`$ defined by

$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_1^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_{11}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{1\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_{\overline{r}}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)}.\hfill \end{array}$$

and $`c_{\alpha +1}`$ is defined to be 1. In a transformation $`\overline{T}(\alpha )\overline{T}(\alpha +1)`$ of type $`II_r`$ ($`1r\overline{r}+\overline{m}`$) $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha +1)`$ will have regular parameters $`(\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m(\alpha +1))`$ defined by

$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_1^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_{11}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{1\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)}c_{\alpha +1}^{a_{1\overline{r}+1}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_{\overline{r}}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)}c_{\alpha +1}^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_{\overline{s}+r}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}+1,1}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ & (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+r}(\alpha +1)+1)c_{\alpha +1}^{a_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}+1}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \end{array}$$

###### Theorem 6.2.

Suppose that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime },\overline{T})`$ is a UTS along $`\nu `$, such that $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0)`$ for some $`c_0\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ and $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m)`$.

Suppose that $`0\overline{m}m\overline{r}`$. Then there exists a UTS (4) of form $`\overline{m}`$ such that

$$p_{\overline{m}}(i)=\{fk(\overline{T}(i))[[\overline{z}_1(i),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(i)]]\nu (f)=\mathrm{}\}$$

has the form

(5)
$$p_{\overline{m}}(t)=(\overline{z}_{r(1)}(t)Q_{r(1)}(\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{r(1)1}),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{r(\stackrel{~}{m})}(t)Q_{r(\stackrel{~}{m})}(\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{r(\stackrel{~}{m})1}))$$

for some $`0\stackrel{~}{m}\overline{m}`$ and $`\overline{r}<r(1)<r(2)<\mathrm{}<r(\stackrel{~}{m})\overline{r}+\overline{m}`$, where $`Q_{r(i)}`$ are power series with coefficients in $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t)`$

Suppose that $`L`$ is a finite extension field of $`k(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$, with $`0\beta \overline{\alpha }`$ (For the definition of $`t_1,\mathrm{}t_{\overline{\alpha }}`$ see section 4). Suppose that $`\nu ^{}`$ is an extension of $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }`$ to $`Q(L[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]])`$ such that $`\nu ^{}`$ dominates $`L[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]]`$. $`hL[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]]`$ for some $`0\overline{m}`$ with $`\overline{r}+\overline{m}m`$ and $`\nu (h)<\mathrm{}`$. Then there exists a UTS (4), of form $`\overline{m}`$, such that (5) holds in $`\overline{T}(t)`$ and

$$h=\overline{z}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(t)^{d_{\overline{r}}}u$$

where $`uL(c_1,\mathrm{},c_t)[[\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(t)]]`$ is a unit power series.

If $`hL[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]`$, then $`uL(c_1,\mathrm{},c_t)[\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(t)]`$.

Suppose that $`L`$ is a finite extension field of $`k(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$ with $`0\beta \overline{\alpha }`$ (For the definition of $`t_1,\mathrm{}t_{\overline{\alpha }}`$ see section 4). Suppose that $`\nu ^{}`$ is an extension of $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }`$ to $`Q(L[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]])`$ such that $`\nu ^{}`$ dominates $`L[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]]`$. $`hL[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]]`$ for some $`0<\overline{m}`$ with $`\overline{r}+\overline{m}m`$, $`\nu (h)=\mathrm{}`$ and $`A>0`$ is given. Then there exists a UTS (4), of form $`\overline{m}`$, such that (5) holds in $`\overline{T}(t)`$ and

$$h=\overline{z}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(t)^{d_{\overline{r}}}\mathrm{\Sigma }$$

where $`\nu (\overline{z}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(t)^{d_{\overline{r}}})>A`$ and $`\mathrm{\Sigma }L(c_1,\mathrm{},c_t)[[\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]]`$.

If $`hL[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]`$, then $`\mathrm{\Sigma }L(c_1,\mathrm{},c_t)[\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(t)]`$.

###### Proof.

(A1), (A2), (A3) replace (53), (54) and (55) of the proof of Theorem 4.7 . We observe that (A1) is trivial for $`\overline{m}=0`$ since $`p_0=(0)`$. The proof of (A2) when $`\overline{m}=0`$ follows from the “Proof of (54) for $`m=s`$” on page 50 of the proof of Theorem 4.7 .

We will now establish (A1), (A2) and (A3) by proving the following inductive statements.

$`A(m^{})`$: (A1), (A2) and (A3) for $`\overline{m}m^{}`$ imply (A1) for $`\overline{m}=m^{}`$.

$`B(m^{})`$: (A2), (A3) for $`\overline{m}<m^{}`$ and (A1) for $`\overline{m}=m^{}`$ imply (A2) and (A3) for $`\overline{m}=m^{}`$.

The “Proof of $`A(\overline{m})`$ $`(s<\overline{m})`$” on pages 51-55 of  proves $`A(m^{})`$ for $`0<m^{}`$.

We now give the proof of $`B(m^{})`$ for $`m^{}>0`$. By assumption, there exists a UTS $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(t)`$ satisfying (A1) for $`\overline{m}=m^{}`$. After replacing $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ with $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ and replacing $`c_0`$ with a primitive element of $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t)`$ over $`k`$, we may assume that

$$p_m^{}=(\overline{z}_{r(1)}Q_{r(1)}(\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{r(1)1}),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{r(\stackrel{~}{m}^{})}Q_{r(\stackrel{~}{m}^{})}(\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{r(\stackrel{~}{m}^{})1}))$$

where the $`Q_{r(i)}`$ are power series with coefficients in $`k(c_0)`$.

Let $`\overline{R}=L[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]]`$. Let

$$\overline{p}=\{f\overline{R}\nu (f)=\mathrm{}\}.$$

Let

$$\overline{p}_m^{}=p_m^{}k(c_0)[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]].$$

We first establish the following formula:

(6)
$$\overline{p}=\overline{p}_m^{}\overline{R}.$$

We first prove the identity (6) when $`L=k(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$ for $`\beta `$ with $`0\beta \overline{\alpha }`$. Let

$$\stackrel{~}{R}=k(c_0)[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]]/\overline{p}_m^{}.$$

Let $`a\overline{p}`$. Suppose that $`N>0`$ is given. Chevalley’s Theorem (Theorem 13, Section 5, Chapter VIII ) implies there exists $`M`$ such that $`g\stackrel{~}{R}`$ and $`\nu (g)>M`$ implies $`gm(\stackrel{~}{R})^N`$. There also exists $`N_0N`$ such that $`\mathrm{\Omega }m(\overline{R})^{N_0}`$ implies $`\nu (\mathrm{\Omega })>M`$. Write $`a=H+\mathrm{\Omega }`$ with $`Hk(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]`$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }m(\overline{R})^{N_0}`$. Then $`\nu (H)=\nu (\mathrm{\Omega })>M`$. There exists $`0hk(c_0)[t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta ]`$ such that

$$hH=\underset{I=(i_1,\mathrm{},i_\beta )}{}\alpha _It_1^{i_1}\mathrm{}t_\beta ^{i_\beta }$$

is a polynomial with all $`\alpha _Ik(c_0)[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]`$. Thus $`\nu (\alpha _I)>M`$ for all $`I`$ (by Lemma 3.1). Let $`\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_I`$ be the residue of $`\alpha _I`$ in $`\stackrel{~}{R}`$. $`\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_Im(\stackrel{~}{R})^N`$ for all $`I`$ implies

$$\alpha _I\overline{p}_m^{}+m(k(c_0)[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}_m^{}}]])^N$$

for all $`I`$ so that $`a\overline{p}_m^{}\overline{R}+m(\overline{R})^N`$. Since this is true for all $`N`$,

$$a_{N>0}\left(\overline{p}_m^{}\overline{R}+m(\overline{R})^N\right)=\overline{p}_m^{}\overline{R}.$$

(6) is thus established when $`L=k(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$.

Now suppose that $`L`$ is a finite extension of $`k(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$. Let $`\overline{M}=k(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$ and let $`M^{}`$ be a Galois closure of $`L`$ over $`\overline{M}`$. Let $`G`$ be the Galois group of $`M^{}`$ over $`\overline{M}`$. Suppose that $`a\overline{p}`$. Set

$$g=\underset{\sigma G}{}\sigma (a)\overline{M}[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]].$$

$`\nu (g)=\mathrm{}`$ since $`ag`$ in $`L[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]]`$. Thus $`g\overline{p}_m^{}M^{}[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]]`$ which is a prime ideal invariant under $`G`$. Thus there exists $`\sigma G`$ such that $`\sigma (a)\overline{p}_m^{}M^{}[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]]`$. Necessarily we then have that

$$a\left(p_m^{}M^{}[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]]\right)L[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]]=\overline{p}_m^{}L[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]].$$

(6) is now established.

Now suppose that $`hL[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]]`$ and $`\nu (h)<\mathrm{}`$. Let $`\overline{M}=k(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$ and let $`M^{}`$ be a Galois closure of $`L`$ over $`\overline{M}`$. Let $`G`$ be the Galois group of $`M^{}`$ over $`\overline{M}`$. Set

$$g=\underset{\sigma G}{}\sigma (h)\overline{M}[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]].$$

It follows from (6) that $`\nu (g)<\mathrm{}`$. We will construct a UTS (4) so that

$$g=u\overline{z}_1(t)^{e_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}^{e_{\overline{r}}}(t)$$

where $`u`$ is a unit power series in $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t,t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )[[\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}(t)]]`$ and $`hL(c_1,\mathrm{},c_t)[[\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}(t)]]`$. Since $`hg`$ in $`L(c_1,\mathrm{},c_t)[[\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}(t)]]`$, we will have that $`h`$ has the desired form in $`L(c_1,\mathrm{},c_t)[[\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}(t)]]`$.

We now follow the argument of the proof of Theorem 4.7  as modified to fit our notation, from “Set $`g=\overline{z}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}^{d_{\overline{r}}}g_0`$” on the 17th line of the “Proof of $`B(\overline{m})`$” of page 55 of  to the fourth line from the last on page 56, ending with “$`\nu (\sigma _{d1})=\nu (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}})`$”. We must substitute $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_\alpha ,t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$ for $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_\alpha )`$, $`\overline{r}+m^{}`$ for $`\overline{m}`$ and $`\overline{r}`$ for $`s`$ in the proof, and for “(54), (55) for $`m<\overline{m}`$” on line 5 of page 56  we must substitute “(A2), (A3) for $`m<m^{}`$”.

We now argue as follows. $`\sigma _d`$ is a unit. Let

$$\overline{R}=k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_{\alpha +2})(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )[[\overline{z}_1(\alpha +2),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{r+m^{}}(\alpha +2)]].$$

Let $`\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_d`$ be the residue of $`\sigma _d=\overline{u}_d`$ in $`k(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$, $`\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_{d1}`$ be the residue of $`\overline{u}_{d1}`$ in $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_{\alpha +2})(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$. After replacing $`g_0`$ with $`\frac{1}{\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_d}g_0`$, we may assume that $`\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_d=1`$. We have

(7)
$$\lambda _dr\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_d+\lambda _{d1}\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_{d1}=0,$$

by the argument of page 53 of , where $`\lambda _d,\lambda _{d1}k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_{\alpha +2})`$. Set $`\tau =\nu (\sigma _{d1})=\nu (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}})<\mathrm{}`$. Write

$$\sigma _{d1}=\underset{\nu (\overline{z}_1^{i_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}^{i_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}})\tau }{}g_I\overline{z}_1^{i_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}^{i_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}}+\underset{\nu (\overline{z}_1^{i_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}^{i_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}})>\tau }{}g_I\overline{z}_1^{i_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}^{i_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}}$$

with $`g_Ik(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$ for all $`I=(i_1,\mathrm{},i_{\overline{r}+m^{}1})`$. Set

$$\mathrm{\Omega }=\underset{\nu (\overline{z}_1^{i_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}^{i_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}})\tau }{}g_I\overline{z}_1^{i_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}^{i_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}}.$$

We have $`\nu (\mathrm{\Omega })=\nu (\sigma _{d1})`$. There exists $`0\overline{h}k(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$ such that $`\overline{h}g_Ik(c_0)[t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta ]`$ for all $`g_I`$ in the finite sum $`\mathrm{\Omega }`$. Thus we have

$$\overline{h}\mathrm{\Omega }=\underset{J=(j_1,\mathrm{},j_\beta )}{}\mathrm{\Psi }_Jt_1^{j_1}\mathrm{}t_\beta ^{j_\beta }$$

with all $`\mathrm{\Psi }_Jk(c_0)[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}]`$. By Lemma 3.1,

$$\nu (\mathrm{\Omega })=\text{min}\{\nu (\mathrm{\Psi }_J)\}.$$

$`\frac{\sigma _{d1}}{\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}}`$ has residue $`r\stackrel{~}{\alpha }_d=r`$ in $`k(V)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )k(V^{})`$ (by the argument of page 53 of ). Let

$$\left[\frac{\mathrm{\Psi }_J}{\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}}\right]$$

be the residue of $`\frac{\mathrm{\Psi }_J}{\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}}`$ in $`k(V)`$.

In $`k(V(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta ))`$, we have

$$r\overline{h}=\underset{J}{}\left[\frac{\mathrm{\Psi }_J}{\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}}\right]t_1^{j_1}\mathrm{}t_\beta ^{j_\beta }.$$

Since $`0\overline{h}k(c_0)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$ and the $`t_1^{j_1}\mathrm{}t_\beta ^{j_\beta }`$ are linearly independent over $`k(V)`$, we have that

$$\left[\frac{\mathrm{\Psi }_J}{\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}}\right]k(c_0)\text{ for all }J$$

and

$$\left[\frac{\mathrm{\Psi }_{J_0}}{\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}}\right]0\text{ for some }J_0.$$

Let $`c=\left[\frac{\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}}{\mathrm{\Psi }_{J_0}}\right]`$. Set

$$\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}^{}=\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}c\mathrm{\Psi }_{J_0}k(c_0)[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}].$$

We have

$$\nu (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}^{})>\nu (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}).$$

We further have

$$\nu (g_0)\nu (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}^r)\nu (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}})$$

since $`\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}^r`$ is a minimal value term of $`g_0`$.

Now we finish the proof as on lines 1 - 16 of page 57 of . On line 7 of page 57 we must replace “$`P_{\overline{m},0}k(c_0)[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{m}1}]`$” with “$`P_{m^{},0}k(c_0)[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}1}]`$”. on line 11 we must replace “$`\overline{u}`$ is a unit power series with coefficients in $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t)`$” with “$`\overline{u}`$ is a unit power series with coefficients in $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t)(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )`$”. (53) on line 12 must be replaced with (A1). This concludes the proof of Case 1, $`\nu (h)<\mathrm{}`$ of the proof of $`B(m^{})`$.

The proof of $`B(m^{})`$, when $`\nu (h)=\mathrm{}`$ is only a slight modification of the proof of case 2 on page 57 of . We must replace (53) on line 17 with (A1) and replace “$`\sigma _ik(\overline{T})[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m]]`$” with “$`\sigma _iL[[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+m^{}}]]`$” on line 21 of page 57.

The final statements that $`hL[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]`$ imply $`hL(c_1,\mathrm{},c_t)[\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(t)]`$ follow since $`\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}k(c_1,\mathrm{},c_t)[\overline{z}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(t)]`$ by the definition of a UTS of form $`\overline{m}`$. ∎

###### Lemma 6.3.

Suppose that

$$\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)\mathrm{}\overline{T}(t)$$

is a UTS of form $`\overline{m}`$ as in (4) of Definition 6.1. Let

$$A_i=k(\overline{T}(i))[[\overline{z}_1(i),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(i)]],$$

and let

$$\sigma (i)=\text{ dim }A_i/p_{\overline{m}}(i)$$

where $`p_{\overline{m}}(i)`$ is defined by (A1) of Theorem 6.2. Then

$$\sigma (i+1)\sigma (i)$$

for $`0it1`$.

###### Proof.

There exists an ideal $`qA_i`$, $`0\lambda q`$ and a maximal ideal $`n`$ in $`A_i[\frac{q}{n}]`$ such that

$$A_{i+1}=(A_i[\frac{q}{\lambda }]_n)^\mathrm{^}.$$

Let

$$\stackrel{~}{p}=_{j=1}^{\mathrm{}}(p_{\overline{m}}(i)A_i[\frac{q}{\lambda }]_n:q^jA_i[\frac{q}{\lambda }]_n),$$

the strict transform of $`p_{\overline{m}}(i)`$ in $`A_i[\frac{q}{\lambda }]_n`$. $`qp_{\overline{m}}(i)`$ implies $`\nu (f)=\mathrm{}`$ if $`f\stackrel{~}{p}`$. Thus $`\stackrel{~}{p}p_{\overline{m}}(i+1)`$.

$$A_i/p_{\overline{m}}(i)A_i[\frac{q}{\lambda }]_n/\stackrel{~}{p}$$

is birational (c.f. ) and the residue field extension is finite, so by the dimension formula (c.f. Theorem 15.6 ) $`\sigma (i)=\text{ dim }A_i[\frac{q}{\lambda }]_n/\stackrel{~}{p}`$. Thus $`\sigma (i)=\text{ dim }A_{i+1}/\stackrel{~}{p}A_{i+1}`$ since completion is flat (c.f. Theorem 8.14 ) and by Theorem 15.1 . We thus have

$$\sigma (i)\text{ dim }A_{i+1}/p_{\overline{m}}(i+1)=\sigma (i+1).$$

## 7. CUTS of form $`\overline{m}`$

Let assumptions and notations be as in Section 4 throughout this section. Suppose that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime },\overline{T})`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime },\overline{U})`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$, $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m)`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n)`$ with

(8)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\varphi _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\varphi _{\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\varphi _1,\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}k(\overline{U})`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}})`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}})`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Let $`C=(C_1,\mathrm{},C_{\overline{s}})`$ be the $`\overline{r}\times \overline{s}`$ matrix $`(c_{ij})`$ of (8). Multiplication by $`C`$ defines a linear map $`\mathrm{\Phi }:𝐐^{\overline{r}}𝐐^{\overline{s}}`$, $`\mathrm{\Phi }(v)=vC`$. $`\mathrm{\Phi }`$ is 1-1 since $`C`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Suppose that we have a CUTS as in (8), and that $`fk(\overline{U})[[\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$.

For $`\mathrm{\Lambda }𝐙^{\overline{s}}`$, let $`[\mathrm{\Lambda }]`$ denote the class of $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ in $`𝐙^{\overline{s}}/(𝐐^{\overline{r}}C)𝐙^{\overline{s}}`$. $`f`$ has a unique expression

(9)
$$f=\underset{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]𝐙^{\overline{s}}/(𝐐^{\overline{r}}C)𝐙^{\overline{s}}}{}h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}$$

where

(10)
$$h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}=\underset{\alpha 𝐍^{\overline{s}}[\alpha ]=[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}{}g_\alpha \overline{y}_1^{\alpha _1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\alpha _{\overline{s}}}$$

and $`g_\alpha k(\overline{U})[[\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$.

Set $`G=\mathrm{\Phi }^1(𝐙^{\overline{s}})`$. For $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=(\lambda _1,\mathrm{},\lambda _{\overline{s}})𝐍^{\overline{s}}`$, define

$$P_\mathrm{\Lambda }=\{v𝐐^{\overline{r}}vC_i+\lambda _i0\text{ for }1i\overline{s}\}.$$

For $`\mathrm{\Lambda }𝐍^{\overline{s}}`$, we have

(11)
$$h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}=\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}}\left[\underset{v=(v_1,\mathrm{},v_{\overline{r}})GP_\mathrm{\Lambda }}{}\varphi _1^{v_1}\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{v_{\overline{r}}}\overline{x}_1^{v_1}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{v_{\overline{r}}}g_v\right]$$

where each $`g_vk(\overline{U})[[\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}]]`$. Here we have reindexed the $`g_\alpha =g_{\mathrm{\Phi }(v)+\mathrm{\Lambda }}`$ in (10) as $`g_v`$. Let

$$H=\{v𝐙^{\overline{r}}vC_i0\text{ for }1i\overline{s}\},$$

$$I=\{vGvC_i0\text{ for }1i\overline{s}\}$$

and for $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=(\lambda _1,\mathrm{},\lambda _{\overline{s}})𝐍^{\overline{s}}`$,

$$M_\mathrm{\Lambda }=\{vGvC_i+\lambda _i0\text{ for }1i\overline{s}\}.$$

$`P_\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ is a rational polyhedral set in $`𝐐^{\overline{r}}`$ whose associated cone is

$$\sigma =\{v𝐐^{\overline{r}}vC_i=0\text{ for }1i\overline{s}\}=\{0\}.$$

Let $`W=𝐐^{\overline{r}}`$. $`G`$ is a lattice in $`W`$. Thus $`P_\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ is strongly convex and $`M_\mathrm{\Lambda }=P_\mathrm{\Lambda }G`$ is a finitely generated module over the semigroup $`I`$ (c.f. Theorem 7.1 ). Let $`\overline{n}=[G:𝐙^{\overline{r}}]`$. We have $`\overline{n}xH`$ for all $`xI`$. Gordon’s Lemma (c.f. proposition 1, page 12 ) implies that $`H`$ and $`I`$ are finitely generated semigroups. There exist $`w_1,\mathrm{},w_{\overline{m}}I`$ which generate $`I`$ as a semi-group. Then the finite set

$$\{a_1w_1+\mathrm{}+a_{\overline{m}}w_{\overline{m}}a_i𝐍\text{ and }0a_i<\overline{n}\text{ for }1i\overline{m}\}$$

generate $`I`$ as an $`H`$ module. We have then that $`M_\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ is a finitely generated module over the semigroup $`H`$. Thus there exist $`\overline{v}_1,\mathrm{}.\overline{v}_{\overline{a}}H`$ and $`\overline{u}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{u}_{\overline{b}}M_\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ such that if $`v=(v_1,\mathrm{},v_{\overline{r}})M_\mathrm{\Lambda }=GP_\mathrm{\Lambda }`$, then

$$v=\overline{u}_i+\underset{j=1}{\overset{\overline{a}}{}}n_j\overline{v}_j$$

for some $`1i\overline{b}`$ and $`n_1,\mathrm{},n_{\overline{a}}𝐍`$. Thus,

$$\overline{x}_1^{v_1}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{v_{\overline{r}}}=\overline{x}_1^{\overline{u}_{i,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{\overline{u}_{i,\overline{r}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{\overline{a}}{}}(\overline{x}_1^{\overline{v}_{j,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{\overline{v}_{j,\overline{r}}})^{n_j}$$

where $`\overline{u}_i=(\overline{u}_{i,1},\mathrm{},\overline{u}_{i,\overline{r}})`$ and $`\overline{v}_j=(\overline{v}_{j,1},\mathrm{},\overline{v}_{j,\overline{r}})`$ for $`1j\overline{a}`$. Since each $`\overline{v}_jH`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1^{\overline{v}_{j,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{\overline{v}_{j,\overline{r}}})0`$. Thus there exists by Lemma 4.2  and Lemma 5.1 a CUTS of type I along $`\nu ^{}`$

(12)
$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{U}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(1)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(1)\hfill \end{array}$$

such that

$$\overline{x}_1^{\overline{v}_{j,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{\overline{v}_{j,\overline{r}}}=\overline{x}_1(1)^{\overline{v}(1)_{j,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\overline{v}(1)_{j,\overline{r}}}$$

with $`\overline{v}_j(1)=(\overline{v}(1)_{j,1},\mathrm{},\overline{v}(1)_{j,\overline{r}})𝐍^{\overline{r}}`$ for $`1j\overline{a}`$.

We then have expressions for all $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=(\lambda _1,\mathrm{},\lambda _{\overline{s}})𝐍^{\overline{s}}`$, where $`\overline{u}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{u}_{\overline{b}}𝐐^{\overline{r}}`$ depend on $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$,

(13)
$$h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}=\overline{y}_1(1)^{\lambda _1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}(1)}\left[\underset{i=1}{\overset{\overline{b}}{}}\varphi _1^{\overline{u}_{i,1}}\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\overline{u}_{i,\overline{r}}}\overline{x}_1(1)^{\overline{u}_{i,1}(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\overline{u}_{i,\overline{r}}(1)}g_i\right]$$

with $`g_ik(\overline{U})[[\overline{x}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}(1)]]`$,

$$\overline{y}_1(1)^{\lambda _1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}(1)}=\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}}$$

and

$$\overline{x}_1(1)^{\overline{u}_{i,1}(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\overline{u}_{i,\overline{r}}(1)}=\overline{x}_1^{\overline{u}_{i,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{\overline{u}_{i,\overline{r}}}$$

for $`1i\overline{b}`$.

###### Remark 7.1.

If $`\mathrm{\Lambda }=0`$, we have $`\nu (\overline{x}_1^{\overline{u}_{i,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{\overline{u}_{i,\overline{r}}})0`$ for $`1i\overline{b}`$, so we can construct our CUTS (12) so that $`\overline{u}_i(1)𝐐_+^{\overline{r}}`$ for $`1i\overline{b}`$. Thus if $`d`$ is a common denominator of the coefficients of the $`\overline{u}_i`$, then $`\overline{u}_i(1)\frac{1}{d}𝐍^{\overline{r}}`$ for $`1i\overline{b}`$, and we have

(14)
$$h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}=h_0k(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][[\overline{x}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}(1)]].$$

###### Lemma 7.2.

Suppose that $`hk(\overline{U})[[\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m]]\overline{U}`$ is such that $`\nu ^{}(h)<\mathrm{}`$. Then $`\nu ^{}(h)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$.

###### Proof.

Recall that $`t_1,\mathrm{},t_{\overline{\alpha }}`$ is a transcendence basis of $`k(\overline{U})`$ over $`k(\overline{T})`$. Let $`A=k(\overline{U})[[\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m]]`$, $`B=k(\overline{T})(t_1,\mathrm{},t_{\overline{\alpha }})[[\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m]]`$. We will first assume that $`hB`$. Since $`\nu ^{}(h)<\mathrm{}`$, there exists $`s>0`$ such that $`\nu ^{}(m(B)^s)>\nu ^{}(h)`$. We have

$$h=f+g$$

with $`fk(\overline{T})(t_1,\mathrm{},t_{\overline{\alpha }})[\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m]`$ and $`gm(B)^s`$. $`\nu ^{}(h)=\nu ^{}(f)`$. There exists $`0ak(\overline{T})[t_1,\mathrm{},t_{\overline{\alpha }}]`$ such that we have a finite expansion

$$af=\underset{I=(i_1,\mathrm{},i_{\overline{\alpha }})𝐍^{\overline{\alpha }}}{}a_It_1^{i_1}\mathrm{}t_{\overline{\alpha }}^{i_{\overline{\alpha }}}$$

with $`a_Ik(\overline{T})[\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}]`$. By Lemma 3.1,

$$\nu ^{}(h)=\nu ^{}(f)=\text{ min }\{\nu (a_I)a_I0\}\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu .$$

Since $`A`$ is a finite extension of $`B`$, we have $`\nu ^{}(h)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$ if $`hB`$, by the Corollary to Lemma 3, Section 11, Chapter VI .

###### Lemma 7.3.

1. Suppose that $`\mathrm{\Lambda }𝐍^{\overline{s}}`$ and $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})<\mathrm{}`$. Then we have

$$\nu ^{}\left(\frac{h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}}{\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}}}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐.$$

In particular, $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$ implies $`[\mathrm{\Lambda }]=0`$.
2. In the expansion (9), for $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_1,\mathrm{\Lambda }_2𝐍^{\overline{s}}`$, suppose that

$$\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]})=\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_2]})<\mathrm{}.$$

Then $`[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]=[\mathrm{\Lambda }_2]`$.

###### Proof.

For $`\mathrm{\Lambda }𝐍^{\overline{s}}`$ such that $`\nu ^{}(h_{\mathrm{\Lambda }]})<\mathrm{}`$, consider the expansion (13) of $`h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}`$.

There exists $`w=(w_1,\mathrm{},w_{\overline{r}})𝐍^{\overline{r}}`$ such that $`w+\overline{u}_i𝐐_+^{\overline{r}}`$ for $`1i\overline{b}`$.

Let $`d`$ be a common denominator of the coefficients $`\overline{u}_i`$ for $`1i\overline{b}`$. Let

$$A=k(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][[\overline{x}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}(1)]].$$

Set

$$f=\frac{h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}}{\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}}}\overline{x}_1^{w_1}\mathrm{}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{w_{\overline{r}}}A.$$

If we restrict $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}`$ to $`Q(k(\overline{U})[[\overline{y}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}(1)]])`$, extend it to the finite extension $`Q(k(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][\overline{y}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}(1)]])`$ so that it dominates $`k(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][\overline{y}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}(1)]]`$ and restrict to $`A`$, we get a valuation $`\overline{\nu }^{}`$ on $`Q(A)`$ which extends $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }`$ restricted to $`Q(k(\overline{T})[[\overline{x}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}(1)]])`$. By Lemma 7.2 and the Corollary to Lemma 3, Section 11, Chapter VI , we have $`\overline{\nu }^{}(f)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐.`$ Thus, we have

$$\nu ^{}(\frac{h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}}{\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}}})\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐.$$

We now compare $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]})`$ and $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_2]})`$.

$$\nu ^{}\left(\frac{h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]}}{h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_2]}}\right)=\nu ^{}\left(\frac{h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]}}{\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1^1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}^1}}\right)\nu ^{}\left(\frac{h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_2]}}{\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1^2}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}^2}}\right)+\nu ^{}\left(\frac{\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1^1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}^1}}{\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1^2}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}^2}}\right)$$

where $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_1=(\lambda _1^1,\mathrm{},\lambda _{\overline{s}}^1)`$, $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_2=(\lambda _1^2,\mathrm{},\lambda _{\overline{s}}^2)`$. Thus $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]})=\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_2]})<\mathrm{}`$ implies

$$\nu ^{}\left(\frac{\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1^1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}^1}}{\overline{y}_1^{\lambda _1^2}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}^2}}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐,$$

so that

$$(\lambda _1^1\lambda _1^2)\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1)+\mathrm{}+(\lambda _{\overline{s}}^1\lambda _{\overline{s}}^2)\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}})\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐.$$

Thus, there exists $`(a_1,\mathrm{},a_{\overline{r}})𝐐^{\overline{r}}`$ such that

$$(\lambda _1^1\lambda _1^2)\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1)+\mathrm{}+(\lambda _{\overline{s}}^1\lambda _{\overline{s}}^2)\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}})=a_1\nu (\overline{x}_1)+\mathrm{}+a_{\overline{r}}\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}).$$

Substituting from (8), we get

$$(a_1,\mathrm{},a_{\overline{r}})C=(\lambda _1^1\lambda _1^2,\mathrm{},\lambda _{\overline{s}}^1\lambda _{\overline{s}}^2)$$

and thus

$$\mathrm{\Lambda }_1\mathrm{\Lambda }_2\mathrm{\Phi }(𝐐^{\overline{r}})𝐙^{\overline{s}}.$$

###### Remark 7.4.

In the expansion (9), Let $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_0𝐍^{\overline{s}}`$ be such that

$$\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]})=\text{min}\{\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})\mathrm{\Lambda }𝐍^{\overline{s}}\}.$$

This minimum exists since $`\overline{U}`$ is Noetherian. Then, by Lemma 7.3,

$$\nu ^{}(f)=\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]}).$$

###### Lemma 7.5.

With the notation of (8), assume that $`f\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ and

$$fk(\overline{U})[[\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]].$$

Then

$$fk(\overline{T})[[\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}]].$$

###### Proof.

Let $`h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]}`$ be the minimum value term of $`f`$ in the expansion (9), so that

$$\nu ^{}(f)=\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]})$$

(by Remark 7.4). Since $`f\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$, we have $`\nu ^{}(f)<\mathrm{}`$. Since

$$\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]})=\nu (f)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ,$$

we have $`[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]=0`$ by Lemma 7.3. Thus by Remark 7.1, there exists a CUTS of type I

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{U}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(1)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(1)\hfill \end{array}$$

and $`d`$, a positive integer, such that

$$h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]}=h_0A=k(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][[\overline{x}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}(1)]].$$

Suppose that $`fh_0`$. Then there exists $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_1(𝐐^{\overline{r}}C)𝐙^{\overline{s}}`$ in the expansion of $`f`$ in (9), such that the minimal value term of $`fh_0`$ is $`h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]}`$. Write $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_1=(\lambda _1^1,\mathrm{},\lambda _{\overline{s}}^1)`$.

Consider the $`k`$-derivation

$$=\underset{i=1}{\overset{\overline{s}}{}}e_i\overline{y}_i\frac{y_i}{\overline{y}_i}$$

on $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ (and on $`\overline{U}`$) where $`e_i𝐐`$ are chosen so that

$$\underset{i=1}{\overset{\overline{s}}{}}e_ic_{ji}=0\text{ for }1j\overline{r}$$

and

$$\underset{i=1}{\overset{\overline{s}}{}}e_i\lambda _i^10.$$

We have

$$(\overline{y}_1^{b_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_n^{b_n})=(b_1e_1+\mathrm{}+b_{\overline{s}}e_{\overline{s}})\overline{y}_1^{b_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_n^{b_n}$$

for all monomials $`\overline{y}_1^{b_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_n^{b_n}`$. From (10), we see that

$$\begin{array}{cc}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})\hfill & =_{\alpha 𝐍^{\overline{s}}[\alpha ]=[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}g_\alpha (\overline{y}_1^{\alpha _1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\alpha _{\overline{s}}})\hfill \\ & =(\alpha _1e_1+\mathrm{}+\alpha _{\overline{s}}e_{\overline{s}})g_\alpha \overline{y}_1^{\alpha _1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\alpha _{\overline{s}}}\hfill \\ & =(\lambda _1e_1+\mathrm{}+\lambda _{\overline{s}}e_{\overline{s}})h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}.\hfill \end{array}$$

In particular, $`(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]})=0`$ and

$$(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]})=(\lambda _1^1\alpha _1+\mathrm{}+\lambda _{\overline{s}}^1\alpha _{\overline{s}})h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]}0.$$

Thus

$$(fh_0)=\underset{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]0}{}(\lambda _1e_1+\mathrm{}+\lambda _{\overline{s}}e_{\overline{s}})h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}$$

has value

$$\nu ^{}((fh_0))=\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]}).$$

But $``$ is a derivation of $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$, so that $`(fh_0)=(f)\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ has finite value, and

$$\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]})=\nu ^{}((fh_0))<\mathrm{}.$$

Thus $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]})\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$, by Lemma 7.3, but $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]})=\nu ^{}(fh_0)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$, by Lemma 7.2, since

$$fh_0k(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][[\overline{x}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m(1)]]$$

which is a finite extension of $`k(\overline{U})[[\overline{x}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m(1)]]`$, a contradiction. Thus $`f=h_0`$. We have

$$fAk(\overline{T})[[\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m]]=k(\overline{T})[[\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}]].$$

###### Theorem 7.6.

Suppose that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime },\overline{T})`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime },\overline{U})`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$, such that $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0)`$ for some $`c_0\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(\overline{U})`$. $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m)`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n)`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_1\hfill & =\overline{w}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\varphi _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{w}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\varphi _{\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}\hfill & =\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\varphi _1,\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}k(\overline{U})`$, $`\nu (\overline{z}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}})`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}})`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Suppose that one of the following three conditions hold.

(15)
$$fk(\overline{U})[[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}]]\text{ for some }\overline{m}\text{ such that }0\overline{m}n\overline{s}\text{ with }\nu ^{}(f)<\mathrm{}.$$

(16)
$$fk(\overline{U})[[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}]]\text{ for some }\overline{m}\text{ such that }0<\overline{m}n\overline{s}\text{ with }\nu ^{}(f)=\mathrm{}\text{ and }A>0\text{ is given}.$$

(17)
$$f\left(k(\overline{U})[[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}]]k(\overline{U})[[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}]]\right)\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }\text{ for some }\overline{m}\text{ such that }l<\overline{m}n\overline{s}.$$

Then there exists a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(t),\overline{T}(t))`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(t),\overline{U}(t))`$

(18)
$$\begin{array}{ccccccccc}\overline{U}\hfill & =\hfill & \overline{U}(0)\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(1)\hfill & \hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(t)\hfill \\ & & \hfill & & \hfill & & & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}\hfill & =\hfill & \overline{T}(0)\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(1)\hfill & \hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(t)\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n(t))`$.

In case (15) we have

$$f=\overline{w}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{d_{\overline{s}}}u$$

where $`uk(\overline{U}(t))[[\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(t)]]`$ is a unit power series.

In case (16) we have

$$f=\overline{w}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{d_{\overline{s}}}\mathrm{\Sigma }$$

where $`\mathrm{\Sigma }k(\overline{U}(t))[[\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(t)]]`$, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{d_{\overline{s}}})>A`$.

In case (17) we have

$$f=P+\overline{w}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{d_{\overline{s}}}H$$

for some powerseries $`Pk(\overline{U}(t))[[\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(t)]]`$,

$$H=u(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(t)+\overline{w}_1(t)^{g_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{g_{\overline{s}}}\mathrm{\Sigma })$$

where $`uk(\overline{U}(t))[[\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(t)]]`$ is a unit, $`\mathrm{\Sigma }k(\overline{U}(t))[[\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}1}(t)]]`$ and $`\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(t))\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(t)^{g_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{g_{\overline{s}}})`$.

(18) will be such that $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha )`$ has regular parameters

$$(\overline{z}_1(\alpha ),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m(\alpha ))\text{ and }(\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_1^{}(\alpha ),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_m^{}(\alpha )),$$

$`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha )`$ has regular parameters

$$(\overline{w}_1(\alpha ),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n(\alpha ))\text{ and }(\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_1^{}(\alpha ),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_n^{}(\alpha ))$$

where $`\overline{z}_i(0)=\overline{z}_i`$ for $`1im`$ and $`\overline{w}_i(0)=\overline{w}_i`$ for $`1in`$. (18) will consist of three types of CUTS.

$`\overline{T}(\alpha )\overline{T}(\alpha +1)`$ and $`\overline{U}(\alpha )\overline{U}(\alpha +1)`$ are of type I.

$`\overline{T}(\alpha )\overline{T}(\alpha +1)`$ is of type $`II_r`$, $`1r\text{ min }\{l,\overline{m}\}`$, and $`\overline{U}(\alpha )\overline{U}(\alpha +1)`$ is a transformation of type $`II_r`$ followed by a transformation of type $`I`$.

$`\overline{T}(\alpha )=\overline{T}(\alpha +1)`$ and $`\overline{U}(\alpha )\overline{U}(\alpha +1)`$ is of type $`II_r`$ with $`l+1r\overline{m}`$.

$`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha )`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_\alpha )`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha )`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(\overline{U}(\alpha ))`$.

We will find polynomials $`P_{i,\alpha }`$ so that the variables will be related by:

$$\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_i^{}(\alpha )=\{\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_i(\alpha )P_{i,\alpha }\hfill & \text{if }\overline{r}+1i\overline{r}+\text{ min }\{l,\overline{m}\}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_i(\alpha )\hfill & \text{otherwise}\hfill \end{array}$$

$$\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_i^{}(\alpha )=\{\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_{i\overline{s}+\overline{r}}(\alpha )\hfill & \text{if }\overline{s}+1i\overline{s}+l\hfill \\ \overline{w}_i(\alpha )P_{i,\alpha }\hfill & \text{if }\overline{s}+l+1i\overline{s}+\overline{m}\hfill \\ \overline{w}_i(\alpha )\hfill & \text{otherwise}\hfill \end{array}$$

We will have $`P_{i,\alpha }k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_\alpha )[\overline{z}_1(\alpha ),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{i1}(\alpha )]`$ if $`i\overline{r}+l`$,

$$P_{i,\alpha }k(\overline{U}(\alpha ))[\overline{w}_1(\alpha ),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{i1}(\alpha )]$$

if $`i>\overline{s}+l`$. For all $`\alpha `$ we will have

(19)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_1(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{w}_1(\alpha )^{c_{11}(\alpha )}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha )^{c_{1\overline{s}}(\alpha )}\varphi _1(\alpha )\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{w}_1(\alpha )^{c_{\overline{r}1}(\alpha )}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(\alpha )\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1}(\alpha )\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(\alpha )\hfill \end{array}$$

and

(20)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_1^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_1^{}(\alpha )^{c_{11}(\alpha )}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_{\overline{s}}^{}(\alpha )^{c_{1\overline{s}}(\alpha )}\varphi _1(\alpha )\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_{\overline{r}}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_1^{}(\alpha )^{c_{\overline{r}1}(\alpha )}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_{\overline{s}}^{}(\alpha )^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}(\alpha )}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(\alpha )\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_{\overline{r}+1}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_{\overline{s}+1}^{}(\alpha )\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_{\overline{r}+l}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_{\overline{s}+l}^{}(\alpha )\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\varphi _1(\alpha ),\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}(\alpha )k(\overline{U}(\alpha ))`$. $`\nu (\overline{z}_1(\alpha )),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha ))`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(\alpha )),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha ))`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij}(\alpha ))`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$ for $`1\alpha t`$.

In a transformation $`\overline{T}(\alpha )\overline{T}(\alpha +1)`$ of type $`I`$, $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha +1)`$ will have regular parameters $`(\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m(\alpha +1))`$ defined by

(21)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_1^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_{11}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{1\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_{\overline{r}}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)}.\hfill \end{array}$$

and $`c_{\alpha +1}`$ is defined to be 1. In a transformation $`\overline{T}(\alpha )\overline{T}(\alpha +1)`$ of type $`II_r`$ ($`1r\text{ min }\{l,\overline{m}\}`$) $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha +1)`$ will have regular parameters $`(\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m(\alpha +1))`$ defined by

(22)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_1^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_{11}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{1\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)}c_{\alpha +1}^{a_{1\overline{r}+1}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_{\overline{r}}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)}c_{\alpha +1}^{a_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{z}}_{\overline{r}+r}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}+1,1}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ & (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+r}(\alpha +1)+1)c_{\alpha +1}^{a_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}+1}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \end{array}$$

In a transformation $`\overline{U}(\alpha )\overline{U}(\alpha +1)`$ of type $`I`$ $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha +1)`$ will have regular parameters $`(\overline{w}_1(\alpha +1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n(\alpha +1))`$ defined by

(23)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_1^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{w}_1(\alpha +1)^{b_{11}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{b_{1\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_{\overline{s}}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{w}_1(\alpha +1)^{b_{\overline{s}1}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{b_{\overline{s}\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)}.\hfill \end{array}$$

In a transformation $`\overline{U}(\alpha )\overline{U}(\alpha +1)`$ of type $`II_r`$ ($`1r\overline{m}`$) $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(\alpha +1)`$ will have regular parameters $`(\overline{w}_1(\alpha +1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n(\alpha +1))`$ defined by

(24)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_1^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{w}_1(\alpha +1)^{b_{11}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{b_{1\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)}d_{\alpha +1}^{b_{1\overline{s}+1}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_{\overline{s}}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{w}_1(\alpha +1)^{b_{\overline{s}1}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{b_{\overline{s}\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)}d_{\alpha +1}^{b_{\overline{s},\overline{s}+1}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{w}}_{\overline{s}+r}^{}(\alpha )\hfill & =\overline{w}_1(\alpha +1)^{b_{\overline{s}+1,1}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{b_{\overline{s}+1,\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \\ & (\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+r}(\alpha +1)+1)d_{\alpha +1}^{b_{\overline{s}+1,\overline{s}+1}(\alpha +1)}\hfill \end{array}$$

We will call a CUTS as in (18) a CUTS of form $`\overline{m}`$. Observe that the UTS $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(t)`$ is a UTS of form $`\text{ min }\{l,\overline{m}\}`$.

###### Proof.

We will first assume that $`f`$ satisfies (15) or (16) with $`0\overline{m}l`$.

By (A1) of Theorem 6.2, after performing a CUTS of form $`\overline{m}`$, we may assume that

(25)
$$p_{\overline{m}}=(\overline{z}_{r(1)}Q_{r(1)}(\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{r(1)1}),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{r(\stackrel{~}{m})}Q_{r(\stackrel{~}{m})}(\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{r(\stackrel{~}{m})1})$$

where the coefficients of $`Q_{r(i)}`$ are in $`k(c_0)`$. We have that $`fk(\overline{U})[[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}]]`$.

Given a CUTS (18), define $`\sigma (i)`$ as in Lemma 6.3 for the UTS

$$\overline{T}\mathrm{}\overline{T}(t).$$

If $`\sigma (i)`$ drops during the course of the proof, we can start the corresponding algorithm again with this smaller value of $`\sigma (i)`$. Eventually $`\sigma (i)`$ must stablize, so we may assume that $`\sigma (i)`$ is constant throughout the proof.

We have the expansion

$$f=\underset{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]𝐙^{\overline{s}}/(𝐐^{\overline{r}}C)𝐙^{\overline{s}}}{}h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}$$

of (9). Let $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_0𝐍^{\overline{s}}`$ be such that

$$\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]})=\text{min}\{\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}0\}.$$

By Remark 7.4, $`\nu ^{}(f)=\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]})`$. We either have $`\nu ^{}(f)<\mathrm{}`$ and $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})>\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]})`$ if $`[\mathrm{\Lambda }][\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]`$ (by Lemma 7.3) or $`\nu ^{}(f)=\mathrm{}`$ and $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})=\mathrm{}`$ for all $`[\mathrm{\Lambda }]`$. Let $`I`$ be the ideal

$$I=(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}[\mathrm{\Lambda }][\mathrm{\Lambda }_0])k(\overline{U})[[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}]].$$

Let $`h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]},\mathrm{},h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_\beta ]}`$ be generators of $`I`$. We will construct a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ of form $`\overline{m}`$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{U}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(\alpha )\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(\alpha )\hfill \end{array}$$

such that

$$h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_i]}=\overline{w}_1(\alpha )^{b_1^i}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha )^{b_{\overline{s}}^i}\psi _i$$

for $`0i\beta `$, with $`\psi _i\overline{U}(\alpha )`$. If $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_i]})<\mathrm{}`$, $`\psi _i`$ will be a unit.

If $`\nu ^{}(f)<\mathrm{}`$, so that $`f`$ satisfies the conditions of (15), then set

$$B=\nu ^{}(f)=\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]}).$$

If $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_i]})=\mathrm{}`$, we will have $`\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(\alpha )^{b_1^i}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha )^{b_{\overline{s}}^i})>B`$.

If $`\nu ^{}(f)=\mathrm{}`$, so that $`f`$ satisfies the conditions of (16), we will have

$$\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(\alpha )^{b_1^i}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha )^{b_{\overline{s}}^i})>A$$

for all $`i`$. In this case $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_i]})=\mathrm{}`$ for $`0i\beta `$.

Assume that the above CUTS has been constructed. There exists (by Lemma 4.2 ) a CUTS of type (M1) along $`\nu ^{}`$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{U}(\alpha )\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(\alpha +1)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}(\alpha )\hfill & =\hfill & \overline{T}(\alpha +1)\hfill \end{array}$$

such that if $`\nu ^{}(f)<\mathrm{}`$, then for $`1i\beta `$, $`h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]}`$ divides $`h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_i]}`$ in $`\overline{U}(\alpha +1)`$. If $`\nu ^{}(f)=\mathrm{}`$, then there exists $`\overline{w}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{s}}}`$ such that

$$\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{s}}})>A$$

and $`\overline{w}_1(\alpha +1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{a_{\overline{s}}}`$ divides $`h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_i]}`$ for $`0i\beta `$ in $`\overline{U}(\alpha +1)`$. Thus the conclusions of the theorem hold for $`f`$ satisfying the conditions (15) or (16) with $`0\overline{m}l`$.

We are thus reduced to proving the theorem (with our assumption that $`f`$ satisfies (15) or (16) and $`0\overline{m}l`$) when $`f=h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}`$ for some $`\mathrm{\Lambda }𝐍^{\overline{s}}`$. Assume that $`f`$ has this form. There exists a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ (using Lemma 5.1)

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{U}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(1)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(1)\hfill \end{array}$$

of type (M1) such that there is an expression of the form of (13),

$$h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}=\overline{w}_1(1)^{\lambda _1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}(1)}\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{\overline{b}}{}}\overline{z}_1(1)^{\overline{u}_{i,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\overline{u}_{i,\overline{r}}}g_i\right),$$

$`d𝐍`$ with $`\overline{u}_i=(\overline{u}_{i,1},\mathrm{},\overline{u}_{i,\overline{r}})\frac{1}{d}𝐙^{\overline{r}}`$ for $`1i\overline{b}`$ , $`g_ik(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][[\overline{z}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(1)]]`$, and

$$\overline{w}_1^{\lambda _1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}}=\overline{w}_1^{\lambda _1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}(1)}.$$

Set $`L^{}=k(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}]`$. There exists $`a_1,\mathrm{},a_{\overline{r}}𝐍`$ such that

$$a_j+\overline{u}_{i,j}0$$

for $`1j\overline{r}`$ and $`1i\overline{b}`$. Set

$$\delta =\frac{h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}}}}{\overline{w}_1(1)^{\lambda _1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}(1)}}L^{}[[\overline{z}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(1)]]$$

and let

$$\sigma =\nu (\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}}}).$$

Let $`\omega `$ be a primitive $`d`$-th root of unity (in an algebraic closure of $`L^{}`$). Set

$$\begin{array}{cc}\delta _{j_1,\mathrm{},j_{\overline{r}}}\hfill & =\delta (\omega ^{j_1}\overline{z}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\omega ^{j_{\overline{r}}}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(1))\hfill \\ & B_1=L^{}[\omega ][[\overline{z}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(1)]].\hfill \end{array}$$

Set

$$ϵ=\underset{j_1,\mathrm{},j_{\overline{r}}=1}{\overset{d}{}}\delta _{j_1,\mathrm{},j_{\overline{r}}}A_1=L^{}[[\overline{z}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(1)]].$$

Identify $`\nu ^{}`$ with an extension of (a restriction of $`\nu ^{}`$ to $`Q(F)`$) which dominates $`B_1`$.

We will now prove that

$$\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})=\mathrm{}\nu ^{}(\delta )=\mathrm{}\nu ^{}(ϵ)=\mathrm{}.$$

We certainly have that

$$\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})=\mathrm{}\nu ^{}(\delta )=\mathrm{}.$$

$`\nu ^{}(\delta )=\mathrm{}\nu ^{}(ϵ)=\mathrm{}`$ since $`\delta ϵ`$ in $`B_1`$.

Suppose that $`\nu ^{}(ϵ)=\mathrm{}`$ and $`\nu ^{}(\delta )<\mathrm{}`$. We will derive a contradiction. $`p_{\overline{m}}`$ has the form of (25) and $`\overline{T}\overline{T}(1)`$ of type $`I`$ implies $`q=p_{\overline{m}}k(\overline{T}(1))[[\overline{z}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(1)]]`$ is a prime which is a complete intersection of height $`\stackrel{~}{m}=m\sigma (0)`$. As $`qp_{\overline{m}}(1)`$ and since, by assumption, $`\sigma (1)=\sigma (0)`$, so that $`p_{\overline{m}}(1)`$ is a prime ideal of the same height, we must have $`q=p_{\overline{m}}(1)`$.

By (6),

$$p_{A_1}=\{aA_1\nu ^{}(a)=\mathrm{}\}=p_{\overline{m}}(1)A_1.$$

Since $`A_1B_1`$ is finite and $`p_{\overline{m}}(1)B_1`$ is a prime ideal,

$$p_{B_1}=\{aB_1\nu ^{}(a)=\mathrm{}\}=p_{\overline{m}}(1)B_1.$$

Since $`B_1`$ is Galois over $`A_1`$, the automorphisms of $`B_1`$ over $`A_1`$ fix $`p_{B_1}`$ and $`\delta ϵ`$ in $`B_1`$, so that some conjugate of $`\delta `$ is in $`p_{B_1}`$, we have $`\delta p_{B_1}`$. Thus $`\nu ^{}(\delta )=\mathrm{}`$, a contradiction. We have completed the verification that

$$\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})=\mathrm{}\nu ^{}(\delta )\nu ^{}(ϵ)=\mathrm{}.$$

We now continue with our proof of the theorem for $`h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}`$ satisfying (15) or (16) when $`\overline{m}l`$.

By (A2) and (A3) of Theorem 6.2 and Lemma 4.2 of  there exists a UTS $`\overline{T}(1)\overline{T}(2)`$ of form $`\overline{m}`$ along $`\nu `$ such that

$$ϵ=\overline{z}_1(2)^{g_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{g_{\overline{r}}}\mathrm{\Sigma }$$

where

$$\mathrm{\Sigma }C=L^{}k(\overline{T}(2))[[\overline{z}_1(2),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(2)]]$$

with $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ a unit in $`C`$ if $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }}])<\mathrm{}`$ and

$$\nu (\overline{z}_1(2)^{g_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{g_{\overline{r}}})>d^{\overline{r}}(A+\sigma )$$

if $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})=\mathrm{}`$.

We can further assume that $`\overline{z}_i(2)`$ does not divide $`\mathrm{\Sigma }`$ if $`1i\overline{r}`$. We have expressions

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_1(1)\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(2)^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{a_{1\overline{r}}}b_1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(2)^{a_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{a_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}}b_{\overline{r}}\hfill \end{array}$$

with $`b_1,\mathrm{},b_{\overline{r}}k(\overline{T}(2))`$ and there exist polynomials

$$a_ik(\overline{T}(2))[\overline{z}_1(2),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(2)]\text{ for }\overline{r}+1i\overline{r}+\overline{m}$$

such that $`\overline{z}_i(1)=a_i`$ for $`\overline{r}+1i\overline{r}+\overline{m}`$. Thus there exists a series in indeterminates $`x_1,\mathrm{},x_{2\overline{r}+\overline{m}}`$

$$\delta ^{}L^{}k(\overline{T}(2))[[x_1,\mathrm{},x_{2\overline{r}+\overline{m}}]]$$

such that

$$\delta _{j_1\mathrm{}j_{\overline{r}}}=\delta ^{}(\omega ^{j_1}\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{a_{11}}{d}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{a_{1\overline{r}}}{d}}b_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\omega ^{j_{\overline{r}}}\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{a_{\overline{r}1}}{d}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{a_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}}{d}}b_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_1(2),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(2))$$

for $`1j_1,\mathrm{},j_{\overline{r}}d`$. Let

$$D=L^{}k(\overline{T}(2))[\omega ,b_1^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}},\mathrm{},b_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}][[\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(2),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(2)]].$$

We have $`\delta _{j_1\mathrm{}j_{\overline{r}}}D`$ for all $`j_1,\mathrm{},j_{\overline{r}}`$. Since for any natural numbers $`a_1,\mathrm{},a_{\overline{r}}`$ we have

$$\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{a_1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{a_{\overline{r}}}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\delta _{j_1\mathrm{}j_{\overline{r}}}\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{a_1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{a_{\overline{r}}}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\delta $$

in $`D`$, we have

$$\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{g_1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{g_{\overline{r}}}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\delta $$

in $`D`$, so that we have a factorization

$$\delta =\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{g_1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{g_{\overline{r}}}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\delta ^{\prime \prime }$$

where $`\delta ^{\prime \prime }D`$ is such that $`\overline{z}_i(2)^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}`$ does not divide $`\delta ^{\prime \prime }`$ for $`1i\overline{r}`$ and if $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})<\mathrm{}`$, $`\delta ^{\prime \prime }`$ is a unit.

$`\overline{T}(1)\overline{T}(2)`$ extends to a CUTS of form $`\overline{m}`$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{U}(1)\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(2)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}(1)\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(2)\hfill \end{array}$$

by Lemma 5.1 and 5.2.

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}}}h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}\hfill & =\overline{w}_1(1)^{\lambda _1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}(1)}\delta \hfill \\ & =\overline{w}_1(1)^{\lambda _1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}(1)}\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{g_1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{g_{\overline{r}}}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\delta ^{\prime \prime }\hfill \end{array}$$

in

$$E=L^{}k(\overline{U}(2))[\omega ,b_1^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}},\mathrm{},b_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}},\varphi _1(1)^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}][[\overline{w}_1(2)^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}},\overline{w}_{\overline{r}+1}(2),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{r}+\overline{m}}(2)]].$$

Since we necessarily have that

$$\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}}}\overline{w}_1(1)^{\lambda _1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}(1)}\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{g_1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{g_{\overline{r}}}{d^{\overline{r}}}}$$

in $`E`$, there exist $`\varphi k(\overline{U}(2))[\varphi _1(1)^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}]`$ and $`e_1,\mathrm{},e_{\overline{r}}𝐍`$ such that

$$\frac{\overline{w}_1(1)^{\lambda _1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}(1)}\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{g_1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{g_{\overline{r}}}{d^{\overline{r}}}}}{\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}}}}=\overline{w}_1(2)^{\frac{e_1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{e_{\overline{r}}}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\varphi .$$

We thus have that

$$f_1=\frac{e_1}{d^{\overline{r}}},\mathrm{},f_{\overline{r}}=\frac{e_{\overline{r}}}{d^{\overline{r}}}𝐍$$

and $`\delta ^{\prime \prime \prime }=\varphi \delta ^{\prime \prime }\overline{U}(2)`$ since $`h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}\overline{U}(2)`$. Thus

$$h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}=\overline{w}_1(2)^{f_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{f_{\overline{r}}}\delta ^{\prime \prime \prime }$$

in $`\overline{U}(2)`$. If $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})<\mathrm{}`$, we have that $`\delta ^{\prime \prime \prime }`$ is a unit, and if $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})=\mathrm{}`$, we have that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(2)^{f_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{f_{\overline{r}}})\hfill & =\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(1)^{\lambda _1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\lambda _{\overline{s}}(1)})\nu ^{}(\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}}})\hfill \\ & +\nu ^{}(\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{g_1}{d^{\overline{r}}}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{g_{\overline{r}}}{d^{\overline{r}}}})\hfill \\ & >\frac{1}{d^{\overline{r}}}[d^{\overline{r}}(A+\sigma )]\sigma =A.\hfill \end{array}$$

This concludes the proof of the analysis of $`f`$ satisfying (15) or (16) when $`\overline{m}l`$.

The proof of the theorem when $`f`$ satisfies (15) or (16) with $`\overline{m}>l`$ is, with some obvious notational changes, the same as Case 2 of pages 59 -61 of . The induction on line 9 of page 60  is now on $`\overline{m}`$ in the conclusions of Theorem 7.6 of this paper.

The proof of the theorem when $`f`$ satisfies (17) is the same, with obvious notational changes, and after replacing references to (42), (43) and (44) of  with (15) and (16) and (17) of this theorem, as “the proof when (44) holds” on pages 61-65 of . ∎

###### Theorem 7.7.

Suppose that $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime },\overline{T})`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime },\overline{U})`$ is a CUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$, such that $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ contains the subfield $`k(c_0)`$ for some $`c_0\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(\overline{U})`$. $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m)`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n)`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_1\hfill & =\overline{w}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\varphi _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{w}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\varphi _{\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}\hfill & =\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\varphi _1,\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}k(\overline{U})`$, $`\nu (\overline{z}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}})`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}})`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Suppose that $`\overline{m}>l`$ and $`f\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$ is such that

(26)
$$f=P+\overline{w}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}H$$

for some powerseries $`Pk(\overline{U})[[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$,

$$H=u(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}+\overline{w}_1^{g_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{g_{\overline{s}}}\mathrm{\Sigma })$$

where $`uk(\overline{U})[[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}]]`$ is a unit, $`\mathrm{\Sigma }k(\overline{U})[[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}1}]]`$ and

$$\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1^{g_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{g_{\overline{s}}})\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}).$$

Then there exists a CUTS of form $`\overline{m}`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(t),\overline{T}(t))`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(t),\overline{U}(t))`$

(27)
$$\begin{array}{ccccccccc}\overline{U}\hfill & =\hfill & \overline{U}(0)\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(1)\hfill & \hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(t)\hfill \\ & & \hfill & & \hfill & & & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}\hfill & =\hfill & \overline{T}(0)\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(1)\hfill & \hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(t)\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(i)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_i)`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(i)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(\overline{U}(i))`$. $`\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(i)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{z}_1(i),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m(i))`$ and $`\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{w}_1(i),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n(i))`$ with

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_1(i)\hfill & =\overline{w}_1(i)^{c_{11}(i)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(i)^{c_{1\overline{s}}(i)}\varphi _1(i)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(i)\hfill & =\overline{w}_1(i)^{c_{\overline{r}1}(i)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(i)^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}(i)}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(i)\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(i)\hfill & =\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1}(i)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}(i)\hfill & =\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(i)\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\varphi _1(i),\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}(i)k(\overline{U}(i))`$, $`\nu (\overline{z}_1(i)),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(i))`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(i)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(i))`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij}(i))`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$ for $`1it`$.

We further have that

$$f=\overline{P}+\overline{w}_1(t)^{\overline{d}_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{\overline{d}_{\overline{s}}}\overline{H}$$

with $`\overline{P}k(\overline{U}(t))[\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(t)]`$, and there exists a finite extension $`L`$ of the algebraic closure of $`k(\overline{T}(t))`$ in $`k(\overline{U}(t))`$, and a positive integer $`d`$, such that

$$\overline{P}L[\overline{z}_1(t)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}(1)],$$

$$\overline{H}=\overline{u}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(t)+\overline{w}_1(t)^{\overline{g}_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{\overline{g}_{\overline{s}}}\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }})$$

where $`\overline{u}k(\overline{U}(t))[[\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(t)]]`$ is a unit, $`\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}k(\overline{U}(t))[[\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}1}(t)]]`$ and $`\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(t)^{\overline{g}_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{\overline{g}_{\overline{s}}})\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(t))`$.

###### Proof.

Set $`\rho =\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{\overline{d}_{\overline{s}}})`$. There is an expression

(28)
$$P=\underset{\mathrm{\Lambda }𝐙^{\overline{s}}/(𝐐^{\overline{r}}C)𝐙^{\overline{s}}}{}h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}$$

of the form (9). We can rewrite as

$$P=\underset{\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})\rho }{}h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}+\mathrm{\Omega }$$

with $`\nu ^{}(\mathrm{\Omega })>\rho `$. For each of the finitely many $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ with $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})\rho `$ (c.f. Lemma 2.3 ), we can further write

$$h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}=\overline{h}_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}+\mathrm{\Omega }_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}$$

with $`\nu ^{}(\mathrm{\Omega }_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})>\rho `$ and $`\overline{h}_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}k(\overline{U})[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}]`$ of the form (10). Set

$$\overline{P}_1=\overline{h}_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]},$$

$$\overline{P}_2=\mathrm{\Omega }_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}+\mathrm{\Omega },$$

$$P=\overline{P}_1+\overline{P}_2.$$

Observe that $`\nu ^{}(\overline{h}_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})=\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})\rho `$ for all $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$ in the (finite) sum $`\overline{P}_1`$, and $`\nu ^{}(\overline{P}_2)>\rho `$.

By Theorem 7.6 applied to $`\overline{P}_2`$ in equations (16) or (17) and by Lemma 4.2 , there exists a CUTS $`(R,\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }(1),\overline{T}(1))`$ and $`(S,\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1),\overline{U}(1))`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ of form $`l`$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{U}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(1)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(1)\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\overline{P}_2=\overline{w}_1(1)^{e_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{e_{\overline{s}}}\mathrm{\Phi }`$ with $`\mathrm{\Phi }k(\overline{U}(1))[[\overline{w}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(1)]]`$, and

$$\overline{w}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}=\overline{w}_1(1)^{d_1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{d_{\overline{s}}(1)}$$

with $`e_i>d_i(1)`$ for all $`i`$. Thus

$$f=\overline{P}_1+\overline{w}_1(1)^{d_1(1)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{d_{\overline{s}}(1)}\mathrm{\Omega }^{}$$

where

$$\mathrm{\Omega }^{}m(k(\overline{U}(1))[[\overline{w}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(1)]]$$

and

$$\frac{\mathrm{\Omega }^{}}{w_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}}m\left(k(\overline{U}(1))[[\overline{w}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(1)]]\right).$$

By the implicit function theorem (the case s=1 of the Weierstrass Preparation Theorem, Corollary 1 to Theorem 5, Section 1, Chapter VII ),

$$\mathrm{\Omega }^{}=u^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(1)+\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }})$$

with $`u^{}k(\overline{U}(1))[[\overline{w}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(1)]]`$ a unit, $`\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}k(\overline{U}(1))[[\overline{w}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}1}(1)]]`$.

After replacing $`\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(1)=\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}`$ with $`\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}+\mathrm{\Psi }`$ with

$$\mathrm{\Psi }k(\overline{U}(1))[\overline{w}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}1}(1)]\overline{U}^{\prime \prime }(1),$$

we may assume that

$$\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}(\overline{w}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}1}(1))^B$$

where $`B`$ is arbitrarily large. If $`\nu ^{}(\mathrm{\Omega }^{})<\mathrm{}`$, we can choose $`B`$ so large that

$$\nu ^{}(\mathrm{\Omega }^{})=\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(1))<\nu ^{}(\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}).$$

If $`\nu ^{}(\mathrm{\Omega }^{})=\mathrm{}`$, we have $`\nu ^{}(\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }})=\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(1))<\mathrm{}`$. Then by cases (15) and (16) of Theorem 7.6, we can perform a CUTS of the form $`\overline{m}1`$,

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{U}(1)\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(2)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}(1)\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(2)\hfill \end{array}$$

to get

$$f=\overline{P}_1+\overline{w}_1(2)^{d_1(2)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}(2)}H^{}$$

where

$$H^{}=u^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(2)+\overline{w}_1(2)^{g_1(2)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{g_{\overline{s}}(2)}\mathrm{\Sigma }^{})$$

with $`u^{}`$ a unit and $`\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(1)^{g_1(2)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{g_{\overline{s}}(2)})\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(2))`$.

Thus we may assume that in (26), $`Pk(\overline{U})[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}]`$, and

$$P=\underset{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]𝐙^{\overline{s}}/𝐐^{\overline{r}}C𝐙^{\overline{s}}}{}h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]}$$

with $`\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})\rho `$ for all $`\mathrm{\Lambda }`$.

Recall that $`\nu ^{}(f)<\mathrm{}`$ since $`f\overline{T}^{\prime \prime }`$. If $`P=0`$ we have proven the Theorem. Thus we may assume that $`P0`$. There exists $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_0`$ such that $`\nu ^{}(f)=\nu ^{}(P)=\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]})`$ where $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_0`$ is such that

$$\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]})=\text{ min }\{\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }]})\}$$

by Remark 7.4. Thus $`[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]=0`$ by Lemma 7.3. By Remark 7.1, there exists a CUTS of type (M1),

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{U}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(1)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{T}(1)\hfill \end{array}$$

and $`d𝐍`$, such that

$$h_0=h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_0]}k(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][\overline{z}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}(1)].$$

Let

$$A_1=k(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][[\overline{w}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n(1)]].$$

Extend $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}`$ to the finite extension $`Q(A_1)`$ so that it dominates $`A_1`$. Let

$$B_1=\overline{T}(1)^{\prime \prime }_kk(t_1,\mathrm{},t_{\overline{\alpha }}).$$

Let $`\nu ^{}=\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}Q(B_1)`$. By Lemma 3.1, $`\nu ^{}`$ is a rank one valuation with value group $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu `$, since it extends the rank 1 valuation $`\nu Q(\overline{T}(1)^{\prime \prime })`$.

Let $`k^{}`$ be the algebraic closure of $`k`$ in $`\overline{T}(1)^{\prime \prime }`$, and let

$$C=\overline{T}(1)^{\prime \prime }_k^{}k(\overline{U}(1))[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}].$$

Let $`\widehat{\nu }`$ be the restriction to $`Q(C)`$ of an extension of $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}`$ to $`Q(A_1)`$. $`\widehat{\nu }`$ dominates $`C`$. Since $`C`$ is finite over $`B_1`$, $`\widehat{\nu }`$ has rank 1 and $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\widehat{\nu }}\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$.

If $`Ph_0`$, then there exists $`h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]}`$ such that $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_1𝐐^{\overline{r}}C𝐙^{\overline{s}}`$ and

$$\nu ^{}(fh_0)=\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]}).$$

$`fh_0C`$ implies

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$$\nu ^{}(fh_0)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐.$$

But

$$\nu ^{}(h_{[\mathrm{\Lambda }_1]})\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐$$

by Lemma 7.3, since $`\mathrm{\Lambda }_1𝐐^{\overline{r}}C𝐙^{\overline{s}}`$, a contradiction.

Thus we may assume that in (26), $`Pk(\overline{U})[\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}]`$ is such that

(30)
$$Pk(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][\overline{z}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}]$$

and $`\nu ^{}(P)\rho `$.

Recall that $`t_1,\mathrm{},t_{\overline{\alpha }}`$ is a transcendence basis of $`k(\overline{U})`$ over $`k(\overline{T})`$. Write

(31)
$$P=a_I\overline{w}_1^{b_1(I)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}^{b_{\overline{s}+l}(I)}$$

with $`a_Ik(\overline{U})`$. Let $`a_{I_1},\mathrm{},a_{I_\gamma }`$ be the (finitely many) nonzero terms in the sum. Let $`A`$ be the integral closure of

$$k(\overline{T})[t_1,\mathrm{},t_{\overline{\alpha }},a_{I_1},\mathrm{},a_{I_\gamma },\varphi _1,\frac{1}{\varphi _1},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}},\frac{1}{\varphi _{\overline{r}}}]$$

in $`k(\overline{U})`$. There exists an algebraic regular local ring $`B`$ of $`k(\overline{U})`$ such that $`B`$ dominates $`A`$, and the residue field of $`B`$ is finite over $`k(\overline{T})`$ (c.f. Theorem 2.9 ).

Let $`(v_1,\mathrm{},v_{\overline{\alpha }})`$ be a regular system of parameters in $`B`$. We have an inclusion

$$B\widehat{B}=L_1[[v_1,\mathrm{},v_{\overline{\alpha }}]]$$

where $`L_1=k(B)`$ is a finite extension of $`k(\overline{T})`$.

After reindexing $`\overline{w}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}`$, we may assume that the matrix

$$\overline{C}=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}c_{11}\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & c_{1\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\hfill & & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ c_{\overline{r}1}\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & c_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}\hfill \end{array}\right)$$

has positive determinant $`e=\text{det}(\overline{C})`$. Let

$$\overline{B}=(b_{ij})=\frac{1}{de}\text{adj}\overline{C}=\frac{1}{d}\overline{C}^1.$$

Let

$$\psi _i=\varphi _1^{b_{i1}}\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{b_{i\overline{r}}}$$

for $`1i\overline{r}`$, and let

$$\stackrel{~}{w}_i=\{\begin{array}{cc}\psi _i^d\overline{w}_i\hfill & 1i\overline{r}\hfill \\ \overline{w}_i\hfill & \overline{r}<i\overline{s}.\hfill \end{array}$$

We then have equations

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_1\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{w}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{w}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{w}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{w}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}\hfill & =\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}.\hfill \end{array}$$

$`\psi _i^{de}k(\overline{U})`$ for $`1i\overline{r}`$. $`\psi _i^{de}\widehat{B}`$ has residue $`0\lambda _iL_1`$. Let $`L^{\prime \prime }=L_1[\lambda _1^{\frac{1}{de}},\mathrm{},\lambda _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{de}}]`$, $`E=L^{\prime \prime }[[v_1,\mathrm{},v_{\overline{\alpha }}]]`$. Since

$$\frac{\psi _i^{de}}{\lambda _i}$$

has residue 1 in $`E`$, there exists a $`de`$-th root $`\sigma _i`$ of

$$\frac{\psi _i^{de}}{\lambda _i}$$

in $`E`$, with residue 1 in $`L^{\prime \prime }`$ for $`1i\overline{r}`$. Thus $`\psi _i=\lambda _i^{\frac{1}{de}}\sigma _iE`$ for $`1i\overline{r}`$. Note that

$$\psi _1^{c_{i1}}\mathrm{}\psi _{\overline{r}}^{c_{i\overline{r}}}=\varphi _i^{\frac{1}{d}}$$

for $`1i\overline{r}`$, so that we have natural inclusions

$$k(\overline{U})k(\overline{U})[\varphi _1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}]k(\overline{U})[\psi _1,\mathrm{},\psi _{\overline{r}}]Q(E).$$

Let $`\tau _1,\mathrm{},\tau _{\overline{\alpha }}𝐑_+`$ be rationally independent. Let $`\overline{\nu }`$ be the $`L^{\prime \prime }`$-valuation on the quotient field of $`E`$ defined by $`\overline{\nu }(v_i)=\tau _i`$ for $`1i\overline{\alpha }`$. Let

$$A_2=Q(E)[\overline{w}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n]_{(\overline{w}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n)}.$$

Let $`w`$ be an extension of $`\nu ^{}`$ to $`Q(A_2)`$ which dominates $`A_2`$. Any element of $`A_2`$ is a quotient of elements of the form $`g=\frac{\overline{x}}{\overline{a}}`$ with $`0\overline{a}L^{\prime \prime }[[v_1,\mathrm{},v_{\overline{\alpha }}]]`$ and

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}\hfill & L^{\prime \prime }[[v_1,\mathrm{},v_{\overline{\alpha }}]][\overline{w}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n]\hfill \\ & =L^{\prime \prime }[\overline{w}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n][[v_1,\mathrm{},v_{\overline{\alpha }}]].\hfill \end{array}$$

We have that the value group of $`wQ(L^{\prime \prime }[\overline{w}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n])`$ is contained in $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$ and thus $`w(g)=w(\overline{x})\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$ by Lemma 3.2. We further have that $`k(V_w)`$ is an algebraic extension of $`Q(E)`$. We thus have $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_w\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$. Identify $`\overline{\nu }`$ with an extension of $`\overline{\nu }`$ to $`k(V_w)`$. Let $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}`$ be the composite $`w\overline{\nu }`$ of $`w`$ and $`\overline{\nu }`$.

$$\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(v_1),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(v_{\overline{\alpha }}),\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\stackrel{~}{w}_1),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\stackrel{~}{w}_{\overline{s}})$$

is a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}}𝐐`$. We have an equality

$$Q(E)[\overline{w}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n]=Q(E)[\stackrel{~}{w}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{w}_{\overline{s}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n].$$

Let $`F=k(\overline{T})[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m]`$, $`G=L^{\prime \prime }[\overline{z}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m]`$. The restriction of $`w`$ to $`Q(F)`$ is the restriction of $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }`$ to $`Q(F)`$ so $`wQ(F)`$ has residue field which is an algebraic extension of $`k(\overline{T})`$.

Now $`Q(G)`$ is finite over $`Q(F)`$, so that the restriction of $`w`$ to $`Q(G)`$ has a residue field which is an algebraic extension of $`k(\overline{T})`$.

Thus if $`hQ(G)`$ is such that $`w(h)=0`$, then if $`[h]`$ is the residue class of $`h`$ in $`k(V_w)`$, we have that $`[h]`$ is contained in the algebraic closure $`M`$ of $`k(\overline{T})`$ in $`k(V_w)`$, and thus by Lemma 1, Section 11, Chapter VI , $`\overline{\nu }([h])=0`$, since $`\overline{\nu }`$ is a $`k(\overline{T})`$ valuation.

For $`I=(i_1,\mathrm{},i_{\overline{\alpha }})𝐍^{\overline{\alpha }}`$, let $`v^I`$ denote $`v_1^{i_1}\mathrm{}v_{\overline{\alpha }}^{i_{\overline{\alpha }}}`$. By (30) and (31), there is a series expansion

$$P=\underset{I}{}g_Iv^I$$

with each

$$g_IL^{\prime \prime }[\overline{z}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}].$$

Suppose that $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(g_Iv^I)=\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(g_Jv^J)`$. Then

$$\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\frac{g_I}{g_J})=\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\frac{v^J}{v^I})$$

so that $`w(\frac{g_I}{g_J})=0`$. Thus

$$\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\frac{g_I}{g_J})=\overline{\nu }(\frac{g_I}{g_J})=0$$

since $`\frac{g_I}{g_J}Q(G)`$. We have $`\overline{\nu }(\frac{v^J}{v^I})=0`$, so that $`I=J`$. Thus

(32)
$$\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(g_Iv^I)=\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(g_Jv^J)I=J.$$

Let $`N=k(\overline{T})[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m]`$. We will now establish that if $`0hQ(N)`$, then

(33)
$$\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(h)𝐐\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_1)+\mathrm{}+𝐐\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}).$$

To establish (33), we first observe that since $`\nu (h)<\mathrm{}`$, there is a UTS $`\overline{T}\overline{T}_1`$ along $`\nu `$, such that $`\overline{T}_1`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{z}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_m(1))`$ and

$$h=\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}}}u$$

where $`a_1,\mathrm{},a_{\overline{r}}𝐙`$, $`u\overline{T}_1`$ is a unit, and

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_1\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(1)^{b_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{b_{1\overline{r}}}c_1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(1)^{b_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{b_{\overline{r}}}c_{\overline{r}}\hfill \end{array}$$

with $`b_{ij}𝐍`$ for all $`i,j`$, $`\text{Det }(b_{ij})0`$ and $`c_1,\mathrm{},c_{\overline{r}}k(\overline{T}_1)`$.

We identify $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}`$ with an extension of $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}`$ to $`Q(\widehat{A}_2)`$ which dominates $`\widehat{A}_2`$. Now $`\overline{T}\overline{T}_1`$ is also a UTS along $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}`$ since the center of $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}`$ on a UTS of $`\overline{T}`$ must be the center of $`\nu `$.

We thus have that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(h)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}}})+\overline{\nu }(u)\hfill \\ & =\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_1}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}}})𝐐\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_1)+\mathrm{}+𝐐\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_{\overline{r}})\hfill \end{array}$$

Here $`\overline{\nu }(u)=0`$ since $`\nu (u)=0`$ and $`k(V_\nu )`$ is algebraic over $`k`$. We have thus established (33).

Since $`Q(G)`$ is a finite extension of $`Q(N)`$, we have that

$$\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(h)𝐐\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_1)+\mathrm{}+𝐐\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_{\overline{r}})\text{ if }0hQ(G).$$

Since $`L^{\prime \prime }[\overline{z}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}][[v_1,\mathrm{},v_{\overline{\alpha }}]]`$ is a Noetherian ring, there exists $`I_0`$ such that

$$\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(g_{I_0}v^{I_0})=\text{ min }\{\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(g_Iv^I)g_I0\}.$$

We necessarily have that $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(P)=\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(g_{I_0}v^{I_0})`$ by (32). Thus

$$\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(P)𝐐\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_1)+\mathrm{}+𝐐\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_{\overline{r}})$$

if and only if $`I_0=0`$.

Write $`P=P_1+P_2`$ where

$$P_1=\underset{w(g_I)\rho }{}g_Iv^I,$$

$$P_2=\underset{w(f_{g_I})>\rho }{}g_Iv^I$$

(each sum is possibly infinite). If $`P_10`$, let $`I_0`$ be such that $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(t^{I_0}g_{I_0})=\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(P_1)`$. Then $`\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(v^{I_0}g_{I_0})=\nu (f)\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$ implies

$$\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(v^{I_0})𝐐\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_1)+\mathrm{}+𝐐\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\overline{z}_{\overline{r}})\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\stackrel{~}{w}_1)𝐐+\mathrm{}+\stackrel{~}{\nu }^{}(\stackrel{~}{w}_s)𝐐$$

which implies $`I_0=0`$. Thus $`v^{I_0}g_{I_0}=g_{I_0}L^{\prime \prime }[\overline{z}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}]`$. Now $`\nu (fg_{I_0})\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$ implies $`P_1=g_{I_0}`$.

In the sum $`P_2`$, let $`g_1,\mathrm{},g_\beta `$ be generators of the ideal

$$(g_IP_2=g_Iv^I)L^{\prime \prime }[\overline{z}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{z}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}].$$

Let $`\omega `$ be a primitive $`d`$th root of unity. Let

$$d_j=\underset{i_1,\mathrm{},i_{\overline{r}}=1}{\overset{d}{}}g_j(\omega ^{i_1}\overline{z}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\omega ^{i_{\overline{r}}}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l})L^{\prime \prime }[\overline{z}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}]$$

for $`1j\beta `$. The $`d_j`$ are of the form of (A2) of Theorem 6.2 with $`\overline{m}=l`$.

Now apply Theorem 6.2 to $`d_j`$ for $`1j\beta `$ (and Lemmas 5.1 and 5.2) to construct a CUTS of form $`l`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$,

(34)
$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{T}(1)\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(1)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}\hfill \end{array}$$

so that for $`1j\beta `$,

$$d_j=\overline{z}_1(1)^{e_1(j)}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{e_{\overline{r}}(j)}u_j$$

with $`u_j`$ a unit in $`k(T(1))L^{\prime \prime }[\overline{z}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}(1)]`$. We have

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{z}_1\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}1}}c_1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{z}_r\hfill & =\overline{z}_1(1)^{a_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{a_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}}c_{\overline{r}}\hfill \end{array}$$

for some $`c_1,\mathrm{},c_{\overline{r}}k(\overline{T}(1))`$.

We have

$$P_1D=L^{\prime \prime }k(\overline{T}(1))[c_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},c_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][\overline{z}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}(1)].$$

$`g_j`$ divides $`d_j`$ in $`D`$ implies $`g_j=\overline{w}_1(1)^{\overline{e}_1(j)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\overline{e}_{\overline{s}}(j)}f_j`$ in

$$M=L^{\prime \prime }k(\overline{U}(1))[c_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},c_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\varphi _1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}}][\overline{w}_1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(1)]$$

for $`1jd`$ where $`f_j`$ is a unit, $`\overline{e}_i(j)\frac{1}{d}𝐍`$, and $`\nu ^{}(\overline{w}_1(1)^{\overline{e}_1(j)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(1)^{\overline{e}_{\overline{s}}(j)})>\rho `$ for all $`1j\beta `$, where $`\nu ^{}`$ is identified with an extension of $`\nu ^{}`$ to $`Q(M)`$ which dominates $`M`$.

There exists a CUTS of type (M1) along $`\nu ^{}`$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\overline{U}(1)\hfill & \hfill & \overline{U}(2)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ \overline{T}(1)\hfill & =\hfill & \overline{T}(2)\hfill \end{array}$$

so that if

$$\overline{w}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}=\overline{w}_1(2)^{d_1(2)}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(2)^{d_{\overline{s}}(2)},$$

$`\overline{w}_1(2)^{d_1(2)+1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(2)^{d_{\overline{s}}(2)+1}`$ divides $`P_2`$ in

$$F=L^{\prime \prime }k(\overline{U}(2))[c_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},c_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\varphi _1(1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}(1)^{\frac{1}{d}}][\overline{w}_1(2)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(2)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+1}(2),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_n(2)].$$

$$P=P_1+\overline{w}_1(2)^{d_1(2)+1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(2)^{d_{\overline{s}}(2)+1}\mathrm{\Phi }$$

with

$$P_1F^{}=L^{\prime \prime }k(\overline{T}(2))[c_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},c_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}}][\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(2),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}(2)].$$

We can thus rewrite this equation to get

$$P=\stackrel{~}{P}_1+\overline{w}_1(2)^{d_1(2)+1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(2)^{d_{\overline{s}}(2)+1}\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}$$

with $`\stackrel{~}{P}_1F^{},\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}F`$ and where $`\overline{w}_1(2)^{d_1(2)+1}\mathrm{}\overline{w}_{\overline{s}}(2)^{d_{\overline{s}}(2)+1}`$ does not divide any monomial in the expansion of $`\stackrel{~}{P}_1`$ in $`F`$.

Comparing with the extension of the expansion of $`P`$ in $`k(\overline{U}(2))[[\overline{w}_1(2),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(2)]]`$ to the expansion in $`\widehat{F}`$, we see that

$$\stackrel{~}{\mathrm{\Phi }}k(\overline{U}(2))[[\overline{w}_1(2),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(2)]]F=k(\overline{U}(2))[\overline{w}_1(2),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(2)]$$

and

$$\stackrel{~}{P}_1k(\overline{U}(2))[[\overline{w}_1(2),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(2)]]F^{}L[\overline{z}_1(2)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(2)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(2),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}(2)]$$

where $`L`$ is a finite extension of the algebraic closure of $`k(\overline{T}(2))`$ in $`k(\overline{U}(2))`$. As in the first part of this proof, we can make a change of variables in $`\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(2)`$ to get the conclusions of the theorem. ∎

## 8. Conclusion of the proof for rank 1 valuations

In this section, assumptions and notations will be as in Section 4.

###### Theorem 8.1.

Suppose that $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)\widehat{R}`$ is a regular local ring, essentially of finite type over $`R`$ such that the quotient field of $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ is finite over $`K`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)\widehat{S}`$ is a regular local ring, essentially of finite type over $`S`$ such that the quotient field of $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ is finite over $`K^{}`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ dominates $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$, $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0)`$, for some $`c_0k(T^{\prime \prime }(0))`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$. Suppose that $`R`$ has regular parameters $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$, $`S`$ has regular parameters $`(y_1,\mathrm{},y_n)`$, $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ has regular parameters $`(\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_m)`$ and $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ has regular parameters $`(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_n)`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\varphi _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\varphi _{\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+1}\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\varphi _1,\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$, $`\nu (\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}})`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}})`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Suppose that there exists an algebraic regular local ring $`\stackrel{~}{R}R`$ such that $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l})`$ are regular parameters in $`\stackrel{~}{R}`$, $`k(\stackrel{~}{R})k(c_0)`$ and

$$x_i=\{\begin{array}{cc}\gamma _i\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_i\hfill & 1i\overline{r}+l\hfill \\ \overline{x}_i\hfill & \overline{r}+l<im\hfill \end{array}$$

with $`\gamma _ik(c_0)[[x_1,\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l}]T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ for $`1i\overline{r}+l`$ and $`\gamma _i1\text{ mod }(x_1,\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l})`$, there exist $`\gamma _i^yU^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ such that $`y_i=\gamma _i^y\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_i`$, $`\gamma _i^y1\text{ mod }m(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$ for $`1in`$.

Suppose that one of the following three conditions holds

(35)
$$fk(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}]]\text{ for some }\overline{m}\text{ with }l\overline{m}n\overline{s}\text{ and }\nu ^{}(f)<\mathrm{}.$$

(36)
$$fk(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}]]\text{ for some }\overline{m}\text{ with }l<\overline{m}n\overline{s},\nu ^{}(f)=\mathrm{},\text{ and }A𝐍\text{ is given}.$$

(37)
$$fU^{\prime \prime }(0)k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+\overline{l}}]].$$

Then there exists a positive integer $`N_0`$ such that for $`NN_0`$, we can construct a CRUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ $`(R,T^{\prime \prime }(t),T(t))`$ and $`(S,U^{\prime \prime }(t),U(t))`$ with associated MTSs

$$\begin{array}{ccc}S\hfill & \hfill & S(t)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ R\hfill & \hfill & R(t)\hfill \end{array}$$

such that the following holds. $`T^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t)`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(U(t))`$, $`R(t)`$ has regular parameters $`(x_1(t),\mathrm{},x_m(t))`$, $`T^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ has regular parameters $`(\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_m(t))`$, $`S(t)`$ has regular parameters $`(y_1(1),\mathrm{},y_n(t))`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ has regular parameters $`(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t),\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_n(t))`$ such that

$$x_i(t)=\{\begin{array}{cc}\gamma _i(t)\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_i(t)\hfill & 1i\overline{r}+l\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_i(t)\hfill & \overline{r}+l<im\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\gamma _i(t)k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t)[[x_1(t),\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l}(t)]]`$ are units such that

$$\gamma _i(t)1\text{ mod }(x_1(t),\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l}(t)).$$

In particular,

$$k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t)[[x_1(t),\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l}(t)]]=k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t)[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+l}(t)]].$$

For $`1in`$ there exists $`\gamma _i^y(t)U^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ such that $`y_i(t_=\gamma _i^y(t)\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_i(t)`$,

$$\gamma _i^y(t)1\text{ mod }m(U^{\prime \prime }(t)).$$

(38)
$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{c_{11}(t)}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{c_{1\overline{s}}(t)}\varphi _1(t)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}}(t)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(t)\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+1}(t)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+1}(t)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l}(t)\hfill \end{array}$$

$`\varphi _1(t),\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(t)k(U(t))`$, $`\nu (\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t)),\mathrm{},\nu (\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}}(t))`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t))`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij}(t))`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$. There exists an algebraic regular local ring $`\stackrel{~}{R}(t)R(t)`$ such that $`(x_1(t),\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l})`$ are regular parameters in $`\stackrel{~}{R}(t)`$ and $`k(\stackrel{~}{R}(t))k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t)`$. Furthermore, $`x_i(t)=x_i`$ for $`\overline{r}+l+1im`$, $`y_i(t)=y_i`$ for $`\overline{s}+\overline{m}+1in`$, so that the CRUTS is of the form $`\overline{m}`$ where $`\overline{s}+\overline{m}=n`$ in case (37). Set $`n_{t,l}=m(k(U(t))[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l}(t)]])`$.

In case (35) we have

(39)
$$f\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{d_{\overline{s}}}u\text{ mod }m(U(t))^N$$

where $`uk(U(t))[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(t)]]`$ is a unit power series. Further, if $`fk(U)[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$, then

$$f\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{d_{\overline{s}}}u\text{ mod }n_{t,l}^N$$

where $`uk(U(t))[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+\overline{l}}(t)]]`$ is a unit power series.

In case (36) we have

(40)
$$f\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{d_{\overline{s}}}\mathrm{\Sigma }\text{ mod }m(U(t))^N$$

where $`\mathrm{\Sigma }k(U(t))[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+\overline{m}}(t)]]`$ and $`\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}(t))>A`$. Further, if $`fk(U)[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1,\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$, then

$$f\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{d_{\overline{s}}}\mathrm{\Sigma }\text{ mod }n_{t,l}^N$$

where $`\mathrm{\Sigma }k(U(t))[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+\overline{l}}(t)]]`$ and $`\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}(t))>A`$.

In case (37) we have

(41)
$$fP+\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{d_1}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{d_{\overline{s}}}H\text{ mod }m(U(t))^N$$

where $`Pk(U(t))[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t),\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l}(t)]`$ and there exists a finite extension $`L`$ of the algebraic closure of $`k(T(t))`$ in $`k(U(t))`$ and a positive integer $`d`$ such that

$$PL[\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}}(t)^{\frac{1}{d}},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+1}(t),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+l}(t)],$$

$$H=u(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l+1}(t)+\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{g_1}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{g_{\overline{s}}}\mathrm{\Sigma })$$

where $`uU(t)`$ is a unit series, $`\mathrm{\Sigma }k(U(t))[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t),\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l}(t),\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l+2}(t),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_n(t)]]`$ and $`\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l+1}(t))\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{g_1}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{g_{\overline{s}}})`$.

We further have that $`\nu ^{}(m(U(t))`$ is a constant which is independent of $`N`$ for $`NN_0`$.

###### Proof.

The proof is essentially the same as the proof of Theorem 4.8 , with some modification of notation. On page 67, line 2 of the proof, “By Theorem 4.7 there is a CUTS” should be replaced with “By Theorems 7.6 and 7.7 there is a CUTS”. On page 67, line 7 of the proof in , “notation of Theorem 4.7” should be “notation of Theorems 7.6 and 7.7”. On page 67, line 18 of the proof, replace “$`Pk(\overline{U}(t))[[\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_l(t)]]`$” with “$`Pk(\overline{U}(t))[\overline{w}_1(t),\mathrm{},\overline{w}_{\overline{s}+l}(t)]`$ and there exists a finite extension $`L`$ of the algebraic closure of $`k(\overline{T}(t))`$ in $`k(\overline{U}(t))`$, and a positive integer $`d`$ such that

$$PL[\overline{z}_1(t)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}}(t)^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+1}(1),\mathrm{},\overline{z}_{\overline{r}+l}(1)].\text{}$$

All later references in this proof to Theorem 4.7 and to equations (46), (48), (49), (50) and (51) should be replaced with references to Theorem 7.6, (19), (21), (22), (23) and (24) of this paper. References to Lemma 4.4 should be replaced with references to Lemma 5.2 of this paper.

The independence of $`\nu ^{}(m(U(t))=\text{min}\{\nu ^{}(f)fm(U(t))\}`$ of $`N`$ follows from (A3) of page 83 of the proof of Theorem 4.8 in . ∎

###### Theorem 8.2.

Suppose that $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)\widehat{R}`$ is a regular local ring, essentially of finite type over $`R`$ such that the quotient field of $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ is finite over $`K`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)\widehat{S}`$ is a regular local ring, essentially of finite type over $`S`$ such that the quotient field of $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ is finite over $`K^{}`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ dominates $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$, $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0)`$ for some $`c_0k(T^{\prime \prime }(0))`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$. Suppose that $`R`$ has regular parameters $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$, $`S`$ has regular parameters $`(y_1,\mathrm{},y_n)`$, $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m)`$ and $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n)`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\varphi _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\varphi _{\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\varphi _1,\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}})`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}})`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

Suppose that there exists an algebraic regular local ring $`\stackrel{~}{R}R`$ such that $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l})`$ are regular parameters in $`\stackrel{~}{R}`$, $`k(\stackrel{~}{R})k(c_0)`$ and

$$x_i=\{\begin{array}{cc}\gamma _i\overline{x}_i\hfill & 1i\overline{r}+l\hfill \\ \overline{x}_i\hfill & \overline{r}+l<im\hfill \end{array}$$

with $`\gamma _ik(c_0)[[x_1,\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l}]T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ for $`1i\overline{r}+l`$ and $`\gamma _i1\text{ mod }(x_1,\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l})`$, there exist $`\gamma _i^yU^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ such that $`y_i=\gamma _i^y\overline{y}_i`$, $`\gamma _i^y1\text{ mod }m(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$ for $`1in`$.

Further, suppose that

$$x_{\overline{r}+l+1}=\overline{P}+\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}\overline{H}+\mathrm{\Omega }$$

where $`\overline{P}k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]`$ and $`\overline{P}L[\overline{x}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{s}+l}]`$, where $`d`$ is a positive integer, $`L`$ is a finite extension of the algebraic closure of $`k(T^{\prime \prime }(0))`$ in $`k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$,

$$\overline{H}=\overline{u}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l+1}+\overline{y}_1^{\overline{g}_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\overline{g}_{\overline{s}}}\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }})$$

where $`\overline{u}U^{\prime \prime }(0)^\mathrm{^}`$ is a unit,

$$\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[[\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l+2},\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n]],$$

$$\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l+1})\nu (\overline{y}_1^{\overline{g}_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{\overline{g}_{\overline{s}}})\text{ and}$$

$$\mathrm{\Omega }m(U^{\prime \prime }(0))^N\text{ with }N\nu ^{}(m(U^{\prime \prime }(0)))>\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l+1}).$$

Then there exists a CRUTS along $`\nu `$ $`(R,T^{\prime \prime }(t),T(t))`$ and $`(S,U^{\prime \prime }(t),U(t))`$ with associated MTSs

$$\begin{array}{ccc}S\hfill & \hfill & S(t^{})\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ R\hfill & \hfill & R(t^{})\hfill \end{array}$$

such that the following holds. $`T^{\prime \prime }(t^{})`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t^{})`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(t^{})`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(U(t^{}))`$, $`R(t^{})`$ has regular parameters $`(x_1(t^{}),\mathrm{},x_m(t^{}))`$, $`T^{\prime \prime }(t^{})`$ has regular parameters $`(\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t^{}),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_m(t^{}))`$, $`S(t^{})`$ has regular parameters $`(y_1(t^{}),\mathrm{},y_n(t^{}))`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(t^{})`$ has regular parameters $`(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t^{}),\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_n(t^{}))`$ where

$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t^{})\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t^{})^{c_{11}(t^{})}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{c_{1\overline{s}}(t^{})}\varphi _1(t^{})\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}}(t^{})\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t^{})^{c_{\overline{r}1}(t^{})}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(t^{})\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+1}(t^{})\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+1}(t^{})\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+l}(t^{})\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l}(t^{})\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}+l+1}(t^{})=\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+l+1}(t^{})\hfill & =P+\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t^{})^{d_1(t^{})}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{d_{\overline{s}}(t^{})}H\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`Pk(U(t^{}))[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t^{}),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l}(t^{})]`$ and

$$\overline{P}L^{}[\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t^{})^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}}(t^{})^{\frac{1}{d}},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+1}(t^{}),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+l}(t^{})],$$

where $`L^{}`$ is a finite extension of the algebraic closure of $`k(T(t^{}))`$ in $`k(U(t^{}))`$, $`Hk(U(t^{}))[[\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t^{}),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_n(t^{})]]`$ is such that

$$\text{mult }H(0,\mathrm{},0,\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l+1}(t^{}),0,\mathrm{},0)=1,$$

$`\varphi _1(t^{}),\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(t^{})k(U(t^{}))`$, $`\nu (\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t^{})),\mathrm{},\nu (\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}}(t^{}))`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t^{})),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t^{}))`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij}(t^{}))`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$. There exists an algebraic regular local ring $`\stackrel{~}{R}(t^{})R(t^{})`$ such that $`(x_1(t^{}),\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l}(t^{}))`$ are regular parameters in $`\stackrel{~}{R}(t^{})`$ and $`k(\stackrel{~}{R}(t^{}))k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t^{})`$.

$$x_i(t^{})=\{\begin{array}{cc}\gamma _i(t^{})\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_i(t^{})\hfill & 1i\overline{r}+l\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_i(t^{})\hfill & \overline{r}+l<im\hfill \end{array}$$

with $`\gamma _i(t^{})k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t^{})[[x_1(t^{}),\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l}(t^{})]]T^{\prime \prime }(t^{})`$ units for $`1i\overline{r}+l`$, such that

$$\gamma _i(t^{})1\text{ mod }(x_1(t^{}),\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l}(t^{}))$$

and for $`1in`$ there exists $`\gamma _i^y(t^{})U^{\prime \prime }(t^{})`$ such that $`y_i(t^{})=\gamma _i^y(t^{})\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_i(t^{})`$,

$$\gamma _i^y(t^{})1\text{ mod }m(U^{\prime \prime }(t^{})).$$

The proof of Theorem 8.2 is similar to the proof of Theorem 4.9 of .

###### Theorem 8.3.

Let $`n_{0,l}=m(k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[[\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$ in the assumptions of Theorem 8.2.

1. If $`\mathrm{\Omega }n_{0,l}^N`$ in the assumptions of Theorem 8.2, then a sequence of MTSs of type (M2) and a MTS of type (M1) (so that the CRUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ is of form $`l`$) are sufficient to transform $`x_{\overline{r}+l+1}`$ into the form of the conclusions of Theorem 8.2.
2. Suppose that

$$g=\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}u+\mathrm{\Omega }$$

where $`uk(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[[\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$ is a unit power series and $`\mathrm{\Omega }n_{0,l}^N`$ with $`N\nu ^{}(n_{0,l})>\nu (\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}})`$. Then a sequence of MTSs of type (M2) and a MTS of type (M1) (so that the CRUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ is of form $`l`$) are sufficient to transform $`g`$ into the form

$$g=\overline{y}_1(t^{})^{d_1(t^{})}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{d_{\overline{s}}(t^{})}\overline{u}$$

where $`\overline{u}k(U^{\prime \prime }(t^{}))[[\overline{y}_1(t^{}),\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}(t^{})]]`$ is a unit power series.
3. Suppose that

$$g=\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}\mathrm{\Sigma }+\mathrm{\Omega }$$

where $`\mathrm{\Sigma }k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[[\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}})>A`$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }n_{0,l}^N`$ with $`N\nu ^{}(n_{0,l})>\nu (\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}})`$. Then a sequence of MTSs of type (M2) and a MTS of type (M1) (so that the CRUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ is of form $`l`$) are sufficient to transform $`g`$ into the form

$$g=\overline{y}_1(t^{})^{d_1(t^{})}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{d_{\overline{s}}(t^{})}\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}$$

where $`\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}k(U^{\prime \prime }(t^{}))[[\overline{y}_1(t^{}),\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$ and $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1(t^{})^{d_1(t^{})}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{d_{\overline{s}}(t^{})})>A`$
4. Suppose that

$$g=\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}u+\mathrm{\Omega }$$

where $`uk(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[[\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$ is a unit power series and $`\mathrm{\Omega }m(U(0))^N`$ with $`N\nu ^{}(m(U^{\prime \prime }(0)))>\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}})`$. Then there exists a CRUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ as in the conclusions of Theorem 8.2 such that

$$g=\overline{y}_1(t^{})^{d_1(t^{})}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{d_{\overline{s}}(t^{})}\overline{u}$$

where $`\overline{u}k(U(t^{}))[[\overline{y}_1(t^{}),\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$ is a unit power series.
5. Suppose that

$$g=\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}\mathrm{\Sigma }+\mathrm{\Omega }$$

where $`\mathrm{\Sigma }k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[[\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}})>A`$ and $`\mathrm{\Omega }m(U(0))^N`$ with $`N\nu ^{}(m(U^{\prime \prime }(0)))>\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}})`$. Then there exists a CRUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ as in the conclusions of Theorem 8.2 such that

$$g=\overline{y}_1(t^{})^{d_1(t^{})}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{d_{\overline{s}}(t^{})}\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}$$

where $`\overline{\mathrm{\Sigma }}k(U(t^{}))[[\overline{y}_1(t^{}),\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}]]`$ and $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1(t^{})^{d_1(t^{})}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{d_{\overline{s}}(t^{})})>A`$.

Theorem 8.3 and its proof is a modification of the statement and proof of Theorem 4.10 of .

###### Theorem 8.4.

Suppose that $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)\widehat{R}`$ is a regular local ring, essentially of finite type over $`R`$ such that the quotient field of $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ is finite over $`K`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)\widehat{S}`$ is a regular local ring, essentially of finite type over $`S`$ such that the quotient field of $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ is finite over $`K^{}`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ dominates $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$, $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0)`$ for some $`c_0k(T^{\prime \prime }(0))`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$. Suppose that $`R`$ has regular parameters $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_m)`$, $`S`$ has regular parameters $`(y_1,\mathrm{},y_n)`$, $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_m)`$ and $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ has regular parameters $`(\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n)`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{cc}\overline{x}_1\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\varphi _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\varphi _{\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}\hfill & =\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`\varphi _1,\mathrm{},\varphi _{\overline{r}}k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$, $`\nu (\overline{x}_1),\mathrm{},\nu (\overline{x}_{\overline{r}})`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_1),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\overline{y}_{\overline{s}})`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$. Further suppose that $`l<m\overline{r}`$.

Suppose that there exists an algebraic regular local ring $`\stackrel{~}{R}R`$ such that $`(x_1,\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l})`$ are regular parameters in $`\stackrel{~}{R}`$, $`k(\stackrel{~}{R})k(c_0)`$ and

$$x_i=\{\begin{array}{cc}\gamma _i\overline{x}_i\hfill & 1i\overline{r}+l\hfill \\ \overline{x}_i\hfill & \overline{r}+l<im\hfill \end{array}$$

with $`\gamma _ik(c_0)[[x_1,\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l}]]T^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ for $`1i\overline{r}+l`$ and $`\gamma _i1\text{ mod }(x_1,\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}+l})`$, there exist $`\gamma _i^yU^{\prime \prime }(0)`$ such that $`y_i=\gamma _i^y\overline{y}_i`$, $`\gamma _i^y1\text{ mod }m(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$ for $`1in`$.

Then there exists a CRUTS along $`\nu ^{}`$ $`(R,T^{\prime \prime }(t),T(t))`$ and $`(S,U^{\prime \prime }(t),U(t))`$ with associated MTSs

$$\begin{array}{ccc}S\hfill & \hfill & S(t)\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ R\hfill & \hfill & R(t)\hfill \end{array}$$

such that the following holds. $`T^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(c_0,\mathrm{},c_t)`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ contains a subfield isomorphic to $`k(U(t))`$, $`R(t)`$ has regular parameters $`(x_1(t),\mathrm{},x_m(t))`$, $`S(t)`$ has regular parameters $`(y_1(t),\mathrm{},y_n(t))`$, $`T^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ has regular parameters $`(\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_m(t))`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ has regular parameters $`(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t),\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_n(t))`$ where

$$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{c_{11}(t)}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{c_{1\overline{s}}(t)}\varphi _1(t)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}}(t)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)^{c_{\overline{r}1}(t)}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t)^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}(t)}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(t)\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+l}(t)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+1}(t)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}+l+1}(t)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l+1}(t)\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`\varphi _1(t),\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(t)k(U(t))`$, $`\nu (\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_1(t)),\mathrm{},\nu (\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_{\overline{r}}(t))`$ are rationally independent, $`\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(t)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(t))`$ are rationally independent and $`(c_{ij}(t))`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$.

$$x_i(t)=\stackrel{~}{\overline{x}}_i(t)\text{ for }1im.$$

For $`1in`$ there exists $`\gamma _i^y(t)U^{\prime \prime }(t)`$ such that $`y_i(t)=\gamma _i^y(t)\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_i(t)`$,

$$\gamma _i^y(t)1\text{ mod }m(U^{\prime \prime }(t)).$$

###### Proof.

The proof of this theorem is similar to that of Theorem 4.11 . References to Theorems 4.8, 4.9 and 4.10 must be replaced with references to Theorems 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 of this paper. The argument of Lines 11-13 of page 95 , “By Theorem 2.12 $`\mathrm{}\mathrm{}`$ $`\text{mult }\mathrm{\Sigma }(0,\mathrm{},0,\overline{y}_{l+1},0\mathrm{},0)=1`$”, must be replaced with:

“By Lemma 7.5 and Theorem 8.1 (with $`f=x_{\overline{r}+l+1}`$ in (37)) and Theorem 8.2, we may assume that

$$x_{\overline{r}+l+1}=\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l+1}=P+\overline{y}_1^{d_1}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}^{d_{\overline{s}}}\mathrm{\Sigma }_0$$

where $`Pk(U^{\prime \prime }(0))[\overline{y}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{r}+l}]`$ and $`PL[\overline{x}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l}]`$, with $`L`$ a finite extension of the algebraic closure of $`k(T^{\prime \prime }(0))`$ in $`k(U^{\prime \prime }(0))`$, $`d`$ a natural number. $`\mathrm{\Sigma }_0`$ is a series with $`\text{mult }\mathrm{\Sigma }(0,\mathrm{},0,\overline{y}_{\overline{r}+l+1},0\mathrm{},0)=1`$”.

On lines 21-31 of page 95 , “Suppose that $`\nu (P)<\mathrm{}`$ $`\mathrm{}\mathrm{}`$ $`gk(c_0)[[\overline{x}_1(1),\mathrm{},\overline{x}_l(1)]][x_{l+1}]`$” must be replaced with:

“Suppose that $`\nu ^{}(P)<\mathrm{}`$. Let $`\omega `$ be a primitive $`d`$th root of unity in an algebraic closure of $`L`$. Set

$$g^{}=\underset{i_1,\mathrm{},i_{\overline{r}}=1}{\overset{d}{}}(x_{\overline{r}+l+1}P(\omega ^{i_1}\overline{x}_1^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\omega ^{i_{\overline{r}}}\overline{x}_{\overline{r}}^{\frac{1}{d}},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+1},\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l})).$$

$$g^{}L[\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l},x_{\overline{r}+l+1}].$$

Let $`G`$ be the Galois group of a Galois closure of $`L`$ over $`k(c_0)`$. We can define

$$g=\underset{\tau G}{}\tau (g^{})$$

where $`G`$ acts on the coefficients of $`g^{}`$.

$$gk(c_0)[\overline{x}_1,\mathrm{},\overline{x}_{\overline{r}+l},x_{\overline{r}+l+1}].^{\prime \prime }$$

On page 97, lines 8-20 of , “Set $`(e_{ij})=\mathrm{}\mathrm{}x_l(\alpha +1)=\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_l(\alpha +1)`$” should be replaced with: “After possibly interchanging $`\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(\alpha +1),\mathrm{},\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)`$, we may assume that $`\text{Det}(\stackrel{~}{C})0`$ where

$$\stackrel{~}{C}=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}c_{11}(\alpha +1)\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & c_{1\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\hfill & & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ c_{\overline{r}1}\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & c_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)\hfill \end{array}\right)$$

Set $`(e_{ij})=\stackrel{~}{C}^1`$, $`d=\text{Det}(\stackrel{~}{C})`$. We can replace $`\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_i(\alpha +1)`$ with

$$\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_i(\alpha +1)\gamma _1(\alpha +1)^{e_{i1}}\mathrm{}\gamma _{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{e_{i\overline{r}}}$$

for $`1i\overline{r}`$, $`\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_i(\alpha +1)`$ with $`\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_i(\alpha +1)\gamma _i(\alpha +1)`$ for $`\overline{s}+1i\overline{s}+l`$ and replace $`U^{\prime \prime }(\alpha +1)`$ with $`U^{\prime \prime }(\alpha +1)[\gamma _1(\alpha +1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\gamma _{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{\frac{1}{d}}]_q`$ where

$$q=m(U(\alpha +1))\left(U^{\prime \prime }(\alpha +1)[\gamma _1(\alpha +1)^{\frac{1}{d}},\mathrm{},\gamma _{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{\frac{1}{d}}]\right)$$

to get

$$\begin{array}{cc}x_1(\alpha +1)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(\alpha +1)^{c_{11}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{c_{1\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)}\varphi _1(\alpha +1)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(\alpha +1)^{c_{\overline{r}1}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}+1}(\alpha +1)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+1}(\alpha +1)\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}+l}(\alpha +1)\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}+l}(\alpha +1)\text{}\hfill \end{array}$$

On page 98, line 18 to page 99 line 8, “By construction, $`\mathrm{}\mathrm{}`$ $`x_s^{}(\alpha +2)=\widehat{y}_1(\alpha +2)^{c_{s1}(\alpha +2)}\mathrm{}\widehat{y}_s(\alpha +2)^{c_{ss}(\alpha +2)}\psi _s`$” should be replaced with “By construction there are positive integers $`f_{ij}`$ such that

$$\begin{array}{cc}x_1^{}(\alpha +2)\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(\alpha +2)^{f_{11}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +2)^{f_{1\overline{s}}}\gamma ^{e_{1,\overline{r}+1}}\tau ^{e_{1,\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ & \varphi _1(\alpha +1)^{e_{11}}\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{e_{1\overline{r}}}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}}^{}(\alpha +2)\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(\alpha +2)^{f_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +2)^{f_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\gamma ^{e_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}}\tau ^{e_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ & \varphi _1(\alpha +1)^{e_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{e_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}}\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}+l+1}^{}(\alpha +2)+c_{\alpha +2}\hfill & =\overline{y}_1(\alpha +2)^{f_{\overline{r}+1,1}}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +2)^{f_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{s}}}\gamma ^{e_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}+1}}\tau ^{e_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ & \varphi _1(\alpha +1)^{e_{\overline{r}+1,1}}\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{e_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}}}\hfill \end{array}$$

in $`S(\alpha +2)^\mathrm{^}`$ . $`\nu (x_{\overline{r}+1}^{}(\alpha +2)+c_{\alpha +2})=0`$ implies

$$f_{\overline{r}+1,1}=\mathrm{}=f_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{s}}=0.$$

Set

$$\stackrel{~}{\omega }=\varphi _1(\alpha +1)^{e_{\overline{r}+1,1}}\mathrm{}\varphi _{\overline{r}}(\alpha +1)^{e_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}}}\tau ^{e_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}+1}}k(U(\alpha +1)).$$

Substituting

$$\gamma =\overline{P}_{\alpha +1}+\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(\alpha +1)^{ϵ_1(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{ϵ_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{\Sigma }_{\alpha +1}$$

we have

$$\begin{array}{cc}x_{\overline{r}+l+1}^{}(\alpha +2)+c_{\alpha +2}\hfill & =\stackrel{~}{\omega }(\overline{P}_{\alpha +1}+\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_1(\alpha +1)^{ϵ_1(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{}\stackrel{~}{\overline{y}}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)^{ϵ_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +1)}\mathrm{\Sigma }_{\alpha +1})^{e_{\overline{r}+1,\overline{r}+1}}\hfill \\ & =Q_0(\overline{y}_1(\alpha +2),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l}(\alpha +2))\hfill \\ & +\overline{y}_1(\alpha +2)^{ϵ_1(\alpha +2)}\mathrm{}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +2)^{ϵ_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +2)}\mathrm{\Lambda }_0(\overline{y}_1(\alpha +2),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_n(\alpha +2))\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`Q_0`$ is a unit series and

$$\text{mult }\mathrm{\Lambda }_0(0,\mathrm{},0,\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l+1}(\alpha +2),0,\mathrm{},0)=1.$$

The $`\overline{r}\times \overline{s}`$ matrix $`(f_{ij})`$ with $`1i\overline{r}`$, $`1j\overline{s}`$, has rank $`\overline{r}`$, so after possibly reindexing $`\overline{y}_1(\alpha +2),\mathrm{},\overline{y}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +2)`$, we may assume that

$$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}f_{11}\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & f_{1\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\hfill & & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ f_{\overline{r}1}\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & f_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}\hfill \end{array}\right)$$

has rank $`\overline{r}`$. Define $`\alpha _i𝐐`$ by

$$\left(\begin{array}{c}\alpha _1\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\hfill \\ \alpha _{\overline{r}}\hfill \end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}f_{11}\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & f_{1\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\hfill & & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ f_{\overline{r}1}\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & f_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}\hfill \end{array}\right)^1\left(\begin{array}{c}e_{1,\overline{r}+1}\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\hfill \\ e_{\overline{r},\overline{r}+1}\hfill \end{array}\right)$$

and set

$$\widehat{y}_i(\alpha +2)=\{\begin{array}{cc}\gamma ^{\alpha _i}\overline{y}_i(\alpha +2)\hfill & \text{ for }1i\overline{r}\hfill \\ \overline{y}_i(\alpha +2)\hfill & \text{ for }\overline{r}<i\hfill \end{array}$$

to get

$$\begin{array}{cc}x_1^{}(\alpha +2)\hfill & =\widehat{y}_1(\alpha +2)^{c_{11}(\alpha +2)}\mathrm{}\widehat{y}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +2)^{c_{1\overline{s}}(\alpha +2)}\psi _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}}^{}(\alpha +2)\hfill & =\widehat{y}_1(\alpha +2)^{c_{\overline{r}1}(\alpha +2)}\mathrm{}\widehat{y}_{\overline{s}}(\alpha +2)^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}(\alpha +2)}\psi _{\overline{r}}\hfill \end{array}$$

where $`c_{ij}(\alpha +2)=f_{ij}`$, $`(\widehat{y}_1(\alpha +2),\mathrm{},\widehat{y}_i(\alpha +2))`$ are regular parameters in $`S(\alpha +2)^\mathrm{^}`$, $`\psi _1,\mathrm{},\psi _{\overline{r}}k(S(\alpha +2))`$.”

On page 107, lines 3-12 substitute for “$`x_1(t)=\mathrm{}\mathrm{}i=l+1`$” the following:

$$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{`}\mathrm{`}x_1(t^{})\hfill & =y_1(t^{})^{c_{11}(t^{})}\mathrm{}y_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{c_{1\overline{s}}(t^{})}\tau _1(t^{})\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}}(t^{})\hfill & =y_1(t^{})^{c_{\overline{r}1}(t^{})}\mathrm{}y_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}(t^{})}\tau _{\overline{r}}(t^{})\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}+1}(t^{})\hfill & =y_{\overline{s}+1}(t^{})\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}+l}(t^{})\hfill & =y_{\overline{s}+l}(t^{})\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}+l+1}(t^{})\hfill & =y_1(t^{})^{d_1(t^{})}\mathrm{}y_{\overline{s}}(t^{})^{d_{\overline{s}}(t^{})}\overline{y}_{\overline{s}+l+1}(t^{})\hfill \end{array}$$

Let $`\varphi _i(t^{})`$ be the residue of $`\tau _i(t^{})`$ in $`k(S(t^{}))`$,

$$\overline{\tau }_i=\frac{\tau _i(t^{})}{\varphi _i(t^{})}.$$

After possibly reindexing $`y_1(t^{}),\mathrm{},y_{\overline{s}}(t^{})`$, we may assume that

$$\stackrel{~}{C}=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}c_{11}(t^{})\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & c_{1\overline{r}}(t^{})\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\hfill & & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ c_{\overline{r}1}(t^{})\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & c_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}(t^{})\hfill \end{array}\right)$$

has rank $`\overline{r}`$. Let $`(e_{ij})=\stackrel{~}{C}^1`$. Define

$$\overline{y}_i(t^{})=\{\begin{array}{cc}\overline{\tau }_1^{e_{i1}}\mathrm{}\overline{\tau }_{\overline{r}}^{e_{i\overline{r}}}y_i(t^{})\hfill & \text{ if }1i\overline{r}\hfill \\ y_i(t^{})\hfill & \text{ if }\overline{r}<i,i\overline{s}+l+1\hfill \\ \overline{\tau }_1^{e_{11}d_1(t^{})\mathrm{}e_{\overline{r}1}d_{\overline{r}}(t^{})}\mathrm{}\overline{\tau }_{\overline{r}}^{e_{1\overline{r}}d_1(t^{})\mathrm{}e_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}d_{\overline{r}}(t^{})}y_{\overline{s}+l+1}(t^{})\hfill & \text{ if }i=\overline{r}+l+1^{\prime \prime }\hfill \end{array}$$

## 9. Monomialization

###### Theorem 9.1.

Suppose that $`k`$ is a field of characteristic zero, $`KK^{}`$ is a (possibly transcendental) extension of algebraic function fields over $`k`$. Suppose that $`\nu ^{}`$ is a rank 1 valuation of $`K^{}`$ which is trivial on $`k`$. Suppose that $`R`$ is an algebraic local ring of $`K`$, $`S`$ is an algebraic local ring of $`K^{}`$ such that $`S`$ dominates $`R`$ and $`\nu ^{}`$ dominates $`S`$. Let $`\nu =\nu ^{}K`$,

$$\overline{s}=\text{ratrank }\nu ^{}\overline{r}=\text{ratrank }\nu .$$

Then there exist sequences of monoidal transforms $`RR^{}`$ and $`SS^{}`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ such that $`R^{}`$ and $`S^{}`$ are regular local rings, $`S^{}`$ dominates $`R^{}`$, there exist regular parameters $`(y_1^{},\mathrm{},y_n^{})`$ in $`S^{}`$, $`(x_1^{},\mathrm{},x_m^{})`$ in $`R^{}`$, where

$$n=\text{trdeg}_kK^{}\text{trdeg}_kk(V^{}),$$

$$m=\text{trdeg}_kK\text{trdeg}_kk(V),$$

$`\nu (x_1^{}),\mathrm{},\nu (x_{\overline{r}}^{})`$ is a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$, $`\nu ^{}(y_1^{}),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(y_{\overline{s}}^{})`$ is a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$, there are units $`\delta _1,\mathrm{},\delta _{\overline{r}}S^{}`$ and an $`\overline{r}\times \overline{s}`$ matrix $`(c_{ij})`$ of nonnegative integers such that $`(c_{ij})`$ has rank $`\overline{r}`$, and

$$\begin{array}{cc}x_1^{}\hfill & =(y_1^{})^{c_{11}}\mathrm{}(y_{\overline{s}}^{})^{c_{1\overline{s}}}\delta _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}}^{}\hfill & =(y_1^{})^{c_{\overline{r}1}}\mathrm{}(y_{\overline{s}}^{})^{c_{\overline{r}\overline{s}}}\delta _{\overline{r}}\hfill \\ x_{\overline{r}+1}^{}\hfill & =y_{\overline{s}+1}^{}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ x_m^{}\hfill & =y_{\overline{s}+m\overline{r}}^{}.\hfill \end{array}$$

###### Proof.

$`k(V)`$ and $`k(V^{})`$ have finite transcendence degree over $`k`$ by Theorem 1  or Appendix 2 . We have $`\text{ rank }\nu \text{ rank }\nu ^{}=1`$. By Hironaka’s theorems on resolution, resolution of singularities Theorem $`I_2^{m,n}`$  (c.f. Theorem 2.9 ) and resolution of indeterminancy (c.f. Theorem 2.6 \[C1\], the statement and proof of Theorem 2.6 are valid if $`R`$ is not regular) we can assume that $`R`$ and $`S`$ are regular local rings.

By resolution of indeterminancy (c.f. Theorem 2.6 ) and Theorem 2.7 , applied to a lift to $`V`$ of a transcendence basis of $`k(V)`$ over $`k`$, and Theorem 2.7  applied to a lift to $`V^{}`$ of a transcendence basis of $`k(V^{})`$ over $`k`$, there exist MTSs along $`\nu ^{}`$ $`RR(1)`$ and $`SS(1)`$ such that $`R(1)`$ and $`S(1)`$ are regular local rings, $`V^{}`$ dominates $`S(1)`$, $`S(1)`$ dominates $`R(1)`$ and

$$\text{trdeg}_{k(R(1))}k(V)=0,$$

$$\text{trdeg}_{k(S(1))}k(V^{})=0.$$

First assume that $`\text{rank }\nu =1`$. Let $`\{t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta \}`$ be a lift of a transcendence basis of $`k(R(1))`$ over $`k`$ to $`R(1)`$. Let $`L=k(t_1,\mathrm{},t_\beta )R(1)`$. By replacing $`k`$ with $`L`$, we may assume that

$$\text{trdeg}_kk(R(1))=\text{trdeg}_kk(V)=0.$$

There exist $`f_1,\mathrm{},f_{\overline{r}}K`$ such that $`\nu (f_1),\mathrm{},\nu (f_{\overline{r}})`$ are positive and rationally independent. By Theorem 2.7 , there exists a MTS $`R(1)R(2)`$ along $`\nu `$ such that $`f_1,\mathrm{},f_{\overline{r}}R(2)`$. By Theorem 2.5 , there exists a MTS $`R(2)R(3)`$ along $`\nu `$ such that $`f_1\mathrm{}f_{\overline{r}}`$ is a SNC divisor in $`R(3)`$. Thus $`R(3)`$ has regular parameters $`(x_1(3),\mathrm{},x_m(3))`$ such that $`\nu (x_1(3)),\mathrm{},\nu (x_{\overline{r}}(3))`$ are a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu 𝐐`$.

By Theorem 2.6, there exists a MTS $`S(1)S(2)`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ such that $`S(2)`$ dominates $`R(3)`$.

As in the construct of $`R(1)R(3)`$ there exists a MTS $`S(2)S(3)`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ such that $`S(3)`$ has regular parameters $`(y_1(3),\mathrm{},y_n(3))`$ such that $`\nu ^{}(y_1(3)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(y_{\overline{s}}(3))`$ are a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$.

By (35) of Theorem 8.1, with the $`R`$, $`S`$, $`f`$, $`\overline{m}`$, $`l`$ of the hypothesis of that theorem set to $`R=S(3)`$ and $`S=S(3)`$, $`f=x_1(3)\mathrm{}x_{\overline{r}}(3)`$, $`\overline{m}=n\overline{s}`$, $`l=0`$, and by (4) of Theorem 8.3, there exists a MTS $`S(3)S(4)`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ such that

$$x_i(3)=y_1(4)^{c_{i1}}\mathrm{}y_{\overline{s}}(4)^{c_{i\overline{s}}}\psi _i$$

where $`\psi _iS(4)`$ are units for $`1i\overline{r}`$, $`\nu ^{}(y_1(4)),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(y_{\overline{s}}(4))`$ are a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$, and $`\text{rank }(c_{ij})=\overline{r}`$.

After possibly permuting the first $`\overline{s}`$ variables $`y_i(4)`$, we may assume that the matrix

$$\stackrel{~}{C}=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}c_{11}\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & c_{1\overline{r}}\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\hfill & & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ c_{\overline{r}1}\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & c_{\overline{r}\overline{r}}\hfill \end{array}\right)$$

has nonzero determinant.

Let $`\varphi _i`$ be the residue of $`\psi _i`$ in $`k(S(4))`$. For $`1i\overline{r}`$, set

$$ϵ_i=\underset{j=1}{\overset{\overline{r}}{}}\left(\frac{\psi _j}{\varphi _j}\right)^{e_{ij}}$$

where $`(e_{ij})=\stackrel{~}{C}^1`$, a matrix with rational coefficients. We have $`ϵ_jS(4)^\mathrm{^}`$ for $`1j\overline{r}`$.

Set

$$\overline{y}_j(4)=\{\begin{array}{cc}ϵ_jy_j(4)\hfill & 1j\overline{r}\hfill \\ y_j(4)\hfill & \overline{r}<j\hfill \end{array}$$

we have

$$x_i(3)=\underset{j=1}{\overset{\overline{s}}{}}\overline{y}_j(4)^{c_{ij}}\varphi _i$$

for $`1i\overline{r}`$.

In the notation of Theorem 8.4, set $`R=R(3)`$, $`T^{\prime \prime }(0)=R(3)`$, $`x_i=x_i(3)`$ for $`1im`$, $`\overline{x}_i=x_i(3)`$ for $`1im`$, $`c_0=1`$, $`\stackrel{~}{R}=k[x_1(3),\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}}(3)]_q`$ where $`q=m(R(3))k[x_1(3),\mathrm{},x_{\overline{r}}(3)]`$, $`\gamma _i=1`$ for $`1i\overline{r}`$. Set $`S=S(4)`$, $`U^{\prime \prime }(0)=S(4)[d_0,ϵ_1,\mathrm{},ϵ_{\overline{r}}]_p`$ where $`k(d_0)k(S(4))`$, $`p=m(S(4)^\mathrm{^})S(4)[d_0,ϵ_1,\mathrm{},ϵ_{\overline{r}}]`$, $`y_i=y_i(4)`$ for $`1in`$, $`\overline{y}_i=\overline{y}_i(4)`$ for $`1in`$.

Then the assumptions of Theorem 8.4 are satisfied with $`l=0`$. By induction on $`l`$ in Theorem 8.4, we construct the desired MTSs, and finish the proof of the Theorem when $`\text{rank }\nu =1`$.

If $`\text{rank }\nu =0`$, then $`\nu `$ is trivial, so that $`V=K`$, $`R=K`$ and $`\overline{r}=0`$. We can then construct a MTS $`SS^{}`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ as in the first part of the proof, so that $`S^{}`$ has a regular system of parameters $`(y_1^{},\mathrm{},y_n^{})`$ such that $`\nu ^{}(y_1^{}),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(y_{\overline{s}}^{})`$ is a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$ and reach the conclusions of the theorem (see Remark 9.2 below). ∎

###### Remark 9.2.

The degenerate case of Theorem 9.1 is when $`\nu `$ is trivial on $`K`$. This case can only occur if $`K^{}`$ is transcendental over $`K`$. When $`\nu `$ is trivial, $`V=K`$, so we must have that $`R=K`$. The conclusions of Theorem 9.1 are in this case that there exists a sequence of monoidal transforms $`SS^{}`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ such that $`S^{}`$ is a regular local ring (which contains $`K`$), and there exist regular parameters $`(y_1^{},\mathrm{},y_n^{})`$ in $`S^{}`$, where

$$n=\text{trdeg}_kK^{}\text{trdeg}_kk(V^{}),$$

such that $`\nu ^{}(y_1^{}),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(y_n^{})`$ is a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}𝐐`$.

We now introduce notation that will be used in the proof of Theorem 9.5. Suppose that $`k`$ is a field of characteristic zero, $`KK^{}`$ is a (possibly transcendental) extension of algebraic function fields over $`k`$. Suppose that $`\nu ^{}`$ is a valuation of $`K^{}`$ of arbitrary (but necessarily finite) rank which is trivial on $`k`$. Suppose that $`R`$ is an algebraic local ring of $`K`$, $`S`$ is an algebraic local ring of $`K^{}`$ such that $`S`$ dominates $`R`$ and $`\nu ^{}`$ dominates $`S`$. Let $`\nu =\nu ^{}K`$. Let $`V^{}`$ be the valuation rings of $`\nu ^{}`$ and $`V`$ be the valuation ring of $`\nu `$.

###### Lemma 9.3.

Suppose that $`p`$ is a prime ideal of $`V`$. Then there exists a prime ideal $`q`$ of $`V^{}`$ such that $`qV=p`$.

###### Proof.

By Theorem 15 of Section 10, Chapter VI , there exists an isolated subgroup $`\mathrm{\Delta }`$ of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu `$ such that

$$p=\{aK\nu (a)=\beta \text{ for some }\beta \mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu \mathrm{\Delta }\text{ with }\beta 0\}\{0\}.$$

Set

$$\mathrm{\Delta }^{}=\{\beta \mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}\beta \alpha \text{ for some }\alpha \mathrm{\Delta }\}.$$

$`\mathrm{\Delta }^{}`$ is an isolated subgroup of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}`$. Theorem 15 of Section 10, Chapter VI  implies that

$$q\{aK\nu (a)=\beta \text{ for some }\beta \mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}\mathrm{\Delta }^{}\text{ with }\beta 0\}\{0\}$$

is a prime ideal of $`V^{}`$.

$$(\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}\mathrm{\Delta }^{})\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu =\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu \mathrm{\Delta }$$

implies $`qV=p`$. ∎

Let $`\beta =\text{rank }V`$. The primes of $`V`$ are a finite chain

$$0=p_0\mathrm{}p_\beta V.$$

Note that if $`\beta =0`$ then $`V=K`$. The primes of $`V^{}`$ are a finite chain

$$0=q_{0,1}\mathrm{}q_{0,\sigma (0)}q_{1,1}\mathrm{}q_{\beta ,\sigma (\beta )}$$

where $`p_i=q_{i,j}V`$ for $`1j\sigma (i)`$.

The isolated subgroups of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu `$ are a chain

$$0=\mathrm{\Gamma }_\beta \mathrm{}\mathrm{\Gamma }_0=\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu .$$

There is a corresponding chain of isolated subgroups of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}`$

$$0=\mathrm{\Gamma }_{\beta ,\sigma (\beta )}\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Gamma }_{0,1}=\mathrm{\Gamma }_\nu ^{}.$$

For $`ij`$, $`\nu `$ induces a valuation on the field $`(V/p_i)_{p_i}`$ with valuation ring $`(V/p_i)_{p_j}`$ and value group $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_i/\mathrm{\Gamma }_j`$. If $`j=i+1`$ then $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_i/\mathrm{\Gamma }_j`$ has rank 1. For $`i<j`$, $`1a\sigma (i)`$ and $`1b\sigma (j)`$, $`\nu ^{}`$ induces a valuation on the field $`(V^{}/q_{i,a})_{q_{i,a}}`$ with valuation ring $`(V^{}/q_{i,a})_{q_{j,b}}`$ and value group $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i,a}/\mathrm{\Gamma }_{j,b}`$. If $`i=j`$ and $`1ab\sigma (i)`$, $`\nu ^{}`$ induces a valuation on the field $`(V^{}/q_{i,a})_{q_{i,a}}`$ with valuation ring $`(V^{}/q_{i,a})_{q_{i,b}}`$ and value group $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i,a}/\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i,b}`$.

We have dominant inclusions of valuation rings

$$(V/p_i)_{p_j}(V^{}/q_{ia})_{q_{jb}}$$

if $`i<j`$, $`1a\sigma (i)`$, $`1b\sigma (j)`$ which induce inclusions of valuation groups

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }_i/\mathrm{\Gamma }_j\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i,a}/\mathrm{\Gamma }_{j,b}.$$

We also have dominant inclusions of valuation rings

$$(V/p_i)_{p_i}(V^{}/q_{ia})_{q_{ib}}$$

if $`i=j`$, $`1ab\sigma (i)`$. Note that the value group of the field $`(V/p_i)_{p_i}`$ is $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_i/\mathrm{\Gamma }_i=0`$.

###### Lemma 9.4.

There exist MTSs along $`\nu ^{}`$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}R^{}\hfill & \hfill & S^{}\hfill \\ \hfill & & \hfill \\ R\hfill & \hfill & S\hfill \end{array}$$

such that $`R^{}`$ and $`S^{}`$ are regular,

$$\text{trdeg}_{k(R_{p_iR^{}}^{})}k(V_{p_i})=0$$

for all $`i`$ and

$$\text{trdeg}_{k(S_{q_{ij}S^{}}^{})}k(V_{q_{ij}}^{})=0$$

for all $`i,j`$.

###### Proof.

By Hironaka’s theorem on resolution of singularities (Theorem $`I_2^{m,n}`$ or Theorem 2.9 ) and resolution of indeterminancy (c.f. Theorem 2.6 , the statement and proof are valid if $`R`$ is not regular) we can assume that $`R`$ and $`S`$ are regular local rings.

For all $`i`$, $`V_{p_i}`$ is a valuation ring of $`K`$ dominating $`R_{p_iR}`$. Thus

$$\text{trdeg}_{(R/p_iR)_{p_iR}}(V/p_i)_{p_i}<\mathrm{}$$

by Theorem 1  or Appendix 2 . We can lift transcendence bases of $`(V/p_i)_{p_i}`$ over $`(R/p_iR)_{p_iR}`$ for $`1i\beta `$ to $`t_1,\mathrm{},t_aV`$. After possibly replacing the $`t_i`$ with $`\frac{1}{t_i}`$, we have $`\nu (t_i)0`$ for all $`t_i`$.

By Theorem 2.7 , there exists a MTS $`RR^{}`$ along $`\nu `$ such that $`t_iR^{}`$ for all $`i`$. Let $`p_i^{}=R^{}p_i`$. Then

$$\text{trdeg}_{(R^{}/p_i^{})_{p_i^{}}}(V/p_i)_{p_i}=0\text{ for }1i\beta .$$

By Theorem 2.6 , there exists a MTS $`SS^{\prime \prime }`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ such that $`S^{\prime \prime }`$ dominates $`R^{}`$. As argued above for $`R`$, there exists a MTS $`S^{\prime \prime }S^{}`$ along $`\nu ^{}`$ such that if $`q_{ij}^{}=S^{}q_{ij}`$, then

$$\text{trdeg}_{(S^{}/q_{ij}^{})_{q_{ij}^{}}}(V^{}/q_{ij})_{q_{ij}}=0\text{ for all }i,j.$$

###### Theorem 9.5.

Let notation be as above. Suppose that $`R`$ and $`S`$ are regular,

$$\text{trdeg}_{k(R_{p_iR})}k(V_{p_i})=0$$

for all $`i`$ and

$$\text{trdeg}_{k(S_{q_{ij}S})}k(V_{q_{ij}}^{})=0$$

for all $`i,j`$. Suppose that the rank 1 valuation groups $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i1}/\mathrm{\Gamma }_i`$ has rational rank $`\overline{r}_i`$ for $`1i\beta `$, $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i1,\sigma (i1)}/\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i,1}`$ have rational rank $`\overline{s}_i=\overline{s}_{i1}`$ for $`1i\beta `$ and $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i,a1}/\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i,a}`$ have rational rank $`\overline{s}_{ia}`$ for $`1i\beta `$ and $`2a\sigma (i)`$.

Set $`t_i=\text{dim}(R/p_{i1}R)_{p_iR}`$ for $`1i\beta `$, so that

$$m=\text{dim }R=t_1+\mathrm{}+t_\beta .$$

Set

$$\overline{t}_{ij}=\{\begin{array}{cc}0\hfill & \text{ if }i=0,j=1\hfill \\ \text{dim }(S/q_{i1,\sigma (i1)}S)_{q_{i,1}S}\hfill & \text{ if }1i\beta ,j=1\hfill \\ \text{dim }(S/q_{i,j1}S)_{q_{i,j}S}\hfill & \text{ if }0i\beta ,2j\sigma (i).\hfill \end{array}$$

For $`1i\beta `$ set

$$\overline{t}_i=\overline{t}_{i,1}+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{i,\sigma (i)}=\text{dim }(S/q_{i1,\sigma (i1)}S)_{q_{i\sigma (i)}S},$$

and set

$$\overline{t}_0=\overline{t}_{0,1}+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{0,\sigma (0)}=\text{ dim }S_{q_{0,\sigma (0)}S}$$

so that $`n=\text{ dim }S=\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_\beta `$.

Then there exist sequences of monoidal transforms $`RR^{}`$ and $`SS^{}`$ such that $`V^{}`$ dominates $`S^{}`$, $`S^{}`$ dominates $`R^{}`$, $`R^{}`$ has regular parameters $`(z_1,\mathrm{},z_m)`$, $`S^{}`$ has regular parameters $`(w_1,\mathrm{},w_n)`$ and there are units $`\delta _jS^{}`$ such that

$$p_iR^{}=(z_1,\mathrm{},z_{t_1+\mathrm{}+t_i})$$

for $`1i\beta `$ and

$$q_{ij}S^{}=(w_1,\mathrm{},w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{i1}+\overline{t}_{i,1}+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{i,j}})$$

for $`0i\beta `$ and $`1j\sigma (i)`$.

$$\nu (z_{t_1+\mathrm{}+t_{i1}+1}),\mathrm{},\nu (z_{t_1+\mathrm{}+t_{i1}+\overline{r}_i})$$

is a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i1}/\mathrm{\Gamma }_i𝐐`$ for $`1i\beta `$,

$$\nu ^{}(w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{i1}+1}),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{i1}+\overline{s}_i})$$

is a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i1,\sigma (i1)}/\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i,1}𝐐`$ for $`1i\beta `$ and

$$\nu ^{}(w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{i1}+\overline{t}_{i,1}+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{i,j1}+1}),\mathrm{},\nu ^{}(w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{i1}+\overline{t}_{i,1}+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{i,j}+\overline{s}_{i,j}})$$

is a rational basis of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i,j1}/\mathrm{\Gamma }_{i,j}𝐐`$ for $`0i\beta `$ and $`2j\sigma (i)`$. Furthermore

$$\begin{array}{cc}z_1\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+1}^{g_{11}(1)}\mathrm{}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{s}_1}^{g_{1\overline{s}_1}(1)}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_{1,1}+1}^{h_{1,\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_{1,1}+1}(1)}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{1,n}(1)}\delta _1\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ z_{\overline{r}_1}\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+1}^{g_{\overline{r}_1,1}(1)}\mathrm{}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{s}_1}^{g_{\overline{r}_1,\overline{s}_1}(1)}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_{1,1}+1}^{h_{t_1,\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_{1,1}+1}(1)}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{\overline{r}_1,n}(1)}\delta _{\overline{r}_1}\hfill \\ z_{\overline{r}_1+1}\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{s}_1+1}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_{1,1}+1}^{h_{\overline{r}_1+1,\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_{1,1}+1}(1)}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{\overline{r}_1+1,n}(1)}\delta _{\overline{r}_1+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ z_{t_1}\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{s}_1+t_1\overline{r}_1}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_{1,1}+1}^{h_{t_1,\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_{1,1}+1}(1)}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{t_1,n}(1)}\delta _{t_1}\hfill \\ z_{t_1+1}\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+1}^{g_{1,1}(2)}\mathrm{}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{s}_2}^{g_{1,\overline{s}_2}(2)}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{t}_{2,1}+1}^{h_{1,\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{t}_{2,1}+1}(2)}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{1,n}(2)}\delta _{t_1+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ z_{t_1+\overline{r}_2}\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+1}^{g_{\overline{r}_2,1}(2)}\mathrm{}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{s}_2}^{g_{\overline{r}_2,\overline{s}_2}(2)}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{t}_{2,1}+1}^{h_{\overline{r}_2,\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{t}_{2,1}+1}(2)}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{\overline{r}_2,n}(2)}\delta _{t_1+\overline{r}_2}\hfill \\ z_{t_1+\overline{r}_2+1}\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{s}_2+1}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{t}_{2,1}+1}^{h_{\overline{r}_2+1,\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{t}_{2,1}+1}(2)}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{\overline{r}_2+1,n}(2)}\delta _{t_1+\overline{r}_2+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ z_{t_1+t_2}\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_0+t_2+\overline{s}_2\overline{r}_2}w_{\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{t}_{2,1}+1}^{h_{t_2,\overline{t}_0+\overline{t}_1+\overline{t}_{2,1}+1}(2)}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{t_2,n}(2)}\delta _{t_1+t_2}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ z_{t_0+\mathrm{}+t_{\beta 1}+1}\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta 1}+1}^{g_{11}(\beta )}\mathrm{}w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta 1}+\overline{s}_\beta }^{g_{1,\overline{s}_\beta }(\beta )}w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta ,1}+1}^{h_{1,\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta ,1}+1}(\beta )}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{1,n}(\beta )}\delta _{t_1+\mathrm{}+t_{\beta 1}+1}\hfill \\ & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ z_{t_1+\mathrm{}+t_{\beta 1}+\overline{r}_\beta }\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta 1}+1}^{g_{\overline{r}_\beta ,1}(\beta )}\mathrm{}w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta 1}+\overline{s}_\beta }^{g_{\overline{r}_\beta ,\overline{s}_\beta }(\beta )}w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta ,1}+1}^{h_{\overline{r}_\beta ,\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+t_{\beta ,1}+1}(\beta )}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{\overline{r}_\beta ,n}(\beta )}\delta _{t_1+\mathrm{}+t_{\beta 1}+\overline{r}_\beta }\hfill \\ z_{t_1+\mathrm{}+t_{\beta 1}+\overline{r}_\beta +1}\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta 1}+\overline{s}_\beta +1}w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta ,1}+1}^{h_{\overline{r}_\beta +1,\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta ,1}+1}(\beta )}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{\overline{r}_\beta +1,n}(\beta )}\delta _{t_1+\mathrm{}+t_{\beta 1}+\overline{r}_\beta +1}\hfill \\ z_{t_1+\mathrm{}+t_\beta }\hfill & =w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta 1}+t_\beta +\overline{s}_\beta \overline{r}_\beta }w_{\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta ,1}+1}^{h_{t_\beta ,\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta ,1}+1}(\beta )}\mathrm{}w_n^{h_{t_\beta ,n}(\beta )}\delta _{t_1+\mathrm{}+t_\beta }\hfill \end{array}$$

Where

$$\text{rank }\left(\begin{array}{ccc}g_{11}(i)\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & g_{1\overline{s}_i}(i)\hfill \\ \mathrm{}\hfill & & \mathrm{}\hfill \\ g_{\overline{r}_i1}(i)\hfill & \mathrm{}\hfill & g_{\overline{r}_i\overline{s}_i}(i)\hfill \end{array}\right)=\overline{r}_i$$

for $`1i\beta `$.

###### Proof.

We prove the theorem by induction on $`\text{rank }V^{}`$. If $`\text{rank }V^{}=1`$, then the theorem is immediate from Theorem 9.1.

By induction on $`\gamma =\text{ rank }V^{}`$, we may assume that the theorem is true whenever $`\text{ rank }V^{}=\gamma 1`$. We are reduced to proving the theorem in the following two cases.

$`\sigma (\beta )=1`$

$`\sigma (\beta )>1`$.

Suppose that we are in Case 1. Then $`V^{}/q_{\beta 1,\sigma (\beta 1)}`$ is a rank 1 valuation ring which dominates the rank 1 valuation ring $`V/p_{\beta 1}`$. $`V^{}/q_{\beta 1,\sigma (\beta 1)}`$ has rational rank $`\overline{s}_\beta `$ and $`V/p_{\beta 1}`$ has rational rank $`\overline{r}_\beta `$.

The proof of Theorem 9.5 in case 1 follows from the proof of Theorem 5.3  with some changes in notation and references to supporting lemmas and theorems. We must replace $`r`$ with $`\beta `$, $`p_{r1}(i)`$ with $`p_{\beta 1}R(i)`$ and $`q_{r1}(i)`$ with $`q_{\beta 1,\sigma (\beta 1)}S(i)`$ throughout the proof. Then $`R(i)_{p_{\beta 1}(i)}`$ has a system of $`\lambda =t_1+\mathrm{}+t_{\beta 1}`$ regular parameters, while $`S(i)_{q_{\beta 1}}(i)`$ has a system of $`\overline{\lambda }=\overline{t}_0+\mathrm{}+\overline{t}_{\beta 1}\lambda `$ regular parameters.

References to Theorems 4.8, 4.10 and 5.1 of  must be replaced with references to Theorems 8.1, 8.3 and 9.1 of this paper.

Now suppose that we are Case 2, $`\sigma (\beta )>1`$. Then $`V^{}/q_{\beta ,\sigma (\beta )1}`$ is a rank 1, rational rank $`\overline{s}_{\beta ,\sigma (\beta )}`$ valuation ring which dominates the rank 0 valuation ring $`V/p_\beta `$. That is, $`V/p_\beta `$ is a field. The proof in Case 2 is thus a substantial simplification of the proof in Case 1. ∎

The proof of Theorem 1.1 is now an immediate corollary.

Steven Dale Cutkosky, Department of Mathematics, University of Missouri
Columbia, MO 65211, USA
cutkoskys@@missouri.edu