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# Precise nondivergent analytic formulas for the radiative corrections to the 𝛽 energy spectrum in hyperon semileptonic decays over the entire Dalitz plot

## I INTRODUCTION

The subject of hyperon decays is of unquestionable importance in high energy physics. The precise description of the semileptonic weak decays and in particular the neutron decay, is relevant in cosmology, astrophysics, solar physics, the solar neutrino problem, and in other areas of particle physics. A precise formula for the energy spectrum of the decay products (fermions) in the hyperon semileptonic decay (HSD) requires the knowledge of the radiative corrections (RC) in the whole region of the Dalitz plot (DP). The total decay rate can be computed directly through analytical formulas for the RC, if these formulas do not contain any divergences. The subject of this paper is to show how the logarithmic kinematical divergences, that appeared in the previously calculated model-independent bidimensional distributions in Refs. -, obtained in an analytical way for the RC to baryon $`\beta `$ decays in the three body region (TBR) and the four body region (FBR) of the DP, are canceled after performing the integration over the energy of the final hyperon that emerges in the process. The new results are valid in any charged or neutral hyperon beta decay. The important feature of the obtained analytical forms of the RC’s is that they are written in a simple form as products of two factors. One of these factors is a model-independent function and the other one does depend on the form factors whose determination (through the experimental data) is useful to obtain information about the underlying interactions in the decay processes, basic symmetries and the internal structure of hadrons. The new formulas are suitable for a direct evaluation of the RC’s for any event at any point of the allowed physical region.

The structure of this paper is as follows. In Sec. II we exhibit the kinematical region in which the three and the four body decays take place. All the amplitudes, the one without any RC, the bremsstrahlung and the virtual ones, for the charged and neutral HSD, with all the $`\alpha q/\pi M_1`$ terms included, are displayed in this section. The bidimensional observable energy distributions in the FBR and TBR are described for the charged and neutral HSD processes in Sec. III . We devote Sec. IV to display the formulas for the energy spectrum of the emitted charged lepton in a non-divergent form for the pure bremsstrahlung correction in the FBR, and the formulas for the energy spectrum in the TBR with both kinds of RC ’s (the combination of the bremsstrahlung and the virtual contributions). In Sec. V we present our final formulas in each region for the charged and the neutral decay processes. Conclusions are given in Sec. VI, with the formulas that contain all the up-to-date improvements and new features for the energy spectrum, together with a comparison with other previously published numerical values assuming their values for the form factors. Several graphs for the partial radiative corrections (the Coulomb effect is included for the neutral HSD process at the TBR) and for the complete electron spectrum are presented in order to illustrate our results. Finally, for self-containment, we include several appendices with the definitions of the coefficients and model-independent functions that appear in the final analytical results, among other relevant relations. The procedure of integration with the explicit cancellations of the kinematical divergences is also included.

## II KINEMATICS AND AMPLITUDES

We start with the presentation of the main features and the notation to describe the decay processes we are interested in:

$$A^s(p_1)B(p_2)+e^{}(\mathrm{})+\overline{\nu }_e(p_\nu ),$$
(1)
where the emission of a virtual or a real photon $`\gamma (k)`$ takes place. The emission of the photon is described as a radiative correction to the semileptonic decay of the hyperon. $`A^s`$ corresponds to the neutral $`(s=n)`$ or charged $`(s=c)`$ decaying baryon, $`B`$ is the produced baryon, $`e^{}`$ and $`\overline{\nu }_e`$ denote the lepton and its antineutrino counterpart, respectively. The four-momenta and masses of the particles involved in the baryon semileptonic decay are denoted by

$`p_1=(E_1,\stackrel{}{p}_1),p_2=(E_2,\stackrel{}{p}_2),\mathrm{}=(E,\stackrel{}{\mathrm{}}),p_\nu =(E_\nu ,\stackrel{}{p}_\nu ),\text{and}k=(k_0,\stackrel{}{k}),`$

and by $`M_1,M_2,m,m_\nu `$, and $`m_k`$ , respectively. We assume throughout this paper that $`m_\nu =0`$, and $`m_k=0`$ for the real photons.

The conservation of energy and momentum determines the physical region where the HSD takes place. For the three body decay as in the HSD (without any radiative correction) the physical region is bounded by the hyperon minimal and a maximal energy $`(E_2^{\mathrm{min}},E_2^{\mathrm{max}})`$ for each value of $`E`$. When a real photon is considered as an additional product of the decay the physical four body region for this process contains the former region (TBR) and an additional portion (FBR) with energies below the $`E_2^{min}(E)`$ in such a way that $`M_2<E_2<E_2^{min}`$ for $`m<E<E_c`$ where $`E_c`$ is the maximum electron energy when the final $`B`$-hyperon is at rest. The upper boundary of $`E_2`$ , of the region (FBR) where the three body decay is forbidden, is evaluated with the condition $`k=0,`$ this means, without the emission of a real photon. Physically this corresponds to the case in which the neutrino balances the total momentum of the residual hyperon and electron that are emitted in colinear directions.

Consequently, the Dalitz Region for the process in Eq. (1), in the rest frame of $`A^s`$, is defined at the FBR by

$$M_2E_2E_2^{\mathrm{min}},mEE_c,E_c=\frac{\left(M_1M_2\right)^2+m^2}{2\left(M_1M_2\right)},$$
(2)
and at the TBR by

$$E_2^{\mathrm{min}}E_2E_2^{\mathrm{max}},mEE_m,E_m=\frac{M_1^2M_2^2+m^2}{2M_1},$$
(3)
where

$$E_2^{\stackrel{\mathrm{max}}{\mathrm{min}}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(M_1E\pm \beta E\right)+\frac{M_2^2}{2\left(M_1E\pm \beta E\right)},\text{and}\left|\stackrel{}{\mathrm{}}\right|=\beta E.$$
(4)
The $`z`$-axis is chosen along the electron three-momentum and the $`x`$-axis oriented so that the final baryon three-momentum is in the first or fourth quadrants of the $`xz`$ plane. To be more explicit,

$$p_1=(M_1,0),\stackrel{}{\mathrm{}}=\beta E(0,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}0},\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}1}),\stackrel{}{p}_2=\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|(\sqrt{\left(1y^2\right)},\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.17em}0},y).$$
(5)
In the TBR, the radiative correction is due to a virtual or a real photon emission, meanwhile in the FBR the emitted photon is a real photon exclusively, i.e., the radiative correction is due only to the bremsstrahlung effect in the semileptonic decay.

The uncorrected matrix element $`M_0`$ (without any emission of a photon at the TBR) for the decay in Eq. (1) is given by the product of the matrix elements of the baryonic weak current and of the leptonic current:

$$M_0=\frac{G_v}{\sqrt{2}}\overline{u}_BW_\mu u_A\overline{u}_{\mathrm{}}O_\mu v_\nu ,$$
(6)
where $`G_v=G_\mu V_{ij}`$ and $`G_\mu `$ is the muon decay coupling constant, $`V_{ij}`$ is the corresponding Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element, and

$$W_\mu =f_1(q^2)\gamma _\mu +\frac{f_2(q^2)}{M_1}\sigma _{\mu \nu }q_\nu +\frac{f_3(q^2)}{M_1}q_\mu +\left[g_1(q^2)\gamma _\mu +\frac{g_2(q^2)}{M_1}\sigma _{\mu \nu }q_\nu +\frac{g_3(q^2)}{M_1}q_\mu \right]\gamma _5,\text{and }O_\mu =\gamma _\mu (1+\gamma _5).$$
(7)
The $`q=p_1p_2`$ denotes the four-momentum transfer.

To obtain the precise decay rates, one has to consider all the involved amplitudes of the processes with and without RC. It has been shown in Ref.  that the order $`\alpha `$ amplitude can be obtained in a model independent fashion by using the Low-theorem, Refs. , .

For completeness, we reproduce here the model independent bremsstrahlung amplitudes, in terms of the Dirac form factors, given for the charged HSD in Eqs. (18)-(20) of Ref. , and for the neutral HSD in Eq. (23) of Ref. .

The total bremsstrahlung transition amplitudes for the charged HSD $`(s=c)`$ and the neutral HSD $`(s=n)`$ decays in the entire Dalitz plot region are

$$M_B^s=M_1^s+M_2^s+M_3^s,\text{ with }$$
(8)
$`M_1^c=eM_0\left({\displaystyle \frac{ϵ\mathrm{}}{\mathrm{}k}}{\displaystyle \frac{ϵp_1}{p_1k}}\right),M_2^c={\displaystyle \frac{eG_v}{\sqrt{2}}}ϵ_\mu \overline{u}_BW_\lambda u_A\overline{u}_{\mathrm{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\gamma _\mu k/}{2\mathrm{}k}}O_\lambda v_\nu `$

$`M_3^c`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{G_v}{\sqrt{2}}}\overline{u}_{\mathrm{}}O_\lambda v_\nu ϵ_\mu \overline{u}_B[{\displaystyle \frac{eW_\lambda k/\gamma _\mu }{2p_1k}}\kappa _1W_\lambda {\displaystyle \frac{p_1/+M_1}{2p_1k}}\sigma _{\mu \nu }k_\nu +\kappa _2\sigma _{\mu \nu }k_\nu {\displaystyle \frac{p_2/+M_2}{2p_2k}}W_\lambda `$ (10)
$`+e({\displaystyle \frac{p_{1\mu }k_\lambda }{p_1k}}g_{\mu \lambda })({\displaystyle \frac{f_3f_2}{M_1}}+\gamma _5{\displaystyle \frac{g_3g_2}{M_1}})+e({\displaystyle \frac{p_{1\mu }k_\nu }{p_1k}}g_{\mu \nu })(\sigma _{\lambda \nu }+g_{\lambda \nu })\left({\displaystyle \frac{f_2+g_2\gamma _5}{M_1}}\right)]u_A,`$
and

$`M_1^n=eM_0\left({\displaystyle \frac{ϵ\mathrm{}}{\mathrm{}k}}{\displaystyle \frac{ϵp_2}{p_2k}}\right),M_2^n=M_2^c,`$

$`M_3^n`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{G_v}{\sqrt{2}}}\overline{u}_{\mathrm{}}O_\lambda v_\nu ϵ_\mu \overline{u}_B\{{\displaystyle \frac{e\gamma _\mu k/W_\lambda }{2p_2k}}\kappa _1W_\lambda {\displaystyle \frac{p_1/+M_1}{2p_1k}}\sigma _{\mu \nu }k_\nu +\kappa _2\sigma _{\mu \nu }k_\nu {\displaystyle \frac{p_2/+M_2}{2p_2k}}W_\lambda `$ (12)
$`+e({\displaystyle \frac{p_{2\mu }k_\rho }{p_2k}}g_{\mu \rho })[\left({\displaystyle \frac{f_2+g_2\gamma _5}{M_1}}\right)\sigma _{\lambda \rho }+g_{\lambda \rho }\left({\displaystyle \frac{f_3+g_3\gamma _5}{M_1}}\right)]\}u_A.`$
$`\kappa _1`$ and $`\kappa _2`$ are the anomalous magnetic moments of As and B, respectively. $`ϵ_\mu `$ is the photon polarization four-vector.

The total virtual transition amplitudes (present only at the TBR) with terms up to order of $`\alpha q/\pi M_1`$ can be written as

$$M_V^s=M_0^{}+M_\upsilon ^s,$$
(13)
where $`M_0^{}`$ is the uncorrected matrix element in terms of effective form factors Ref. .

Explicitly, for the charged HSD case

$$M_\upsilon ^c=\frac{\alpha }{2\pi }\left[M_0\mathrm{\Phi }_c+M_{p_1}\mathrm{\Phi }_c^{}\right],$$
(14)
where

$`\mathrm{\Phi }_c`$ $`=`$ $`2\left[{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta }}\text{arctanh}\left(\beta \right)1\right]\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{\lambda }{m}}\right|{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta }}\left(\text{arctanh}\left(\beta \right)\right)^2+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta }}L\left[{\displaystyle \frac{2\beta }{1+\beta }}\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta }}L\left[{\displaystyle \frac{2\beta }{M_1/E1+\beta }}\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}}\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{M_1}{m}}\right|`$ (16)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta }}\text{arctanh}\left(\beta \right)\left[1+{\displaystyle \frac{E\left(1\beta ^2\right)}{M_12E}}\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta }}\mathrm{ln}\left[1{\displaystyle \frac{2\beta }{M_1/E1+\beta }}\right]\left[\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{M_1}{m}}\right|\text{arctanh}\left(\beta \right)\right]{\displaystyle \frac{11}{8}},`$
$$\mathrm{\Phi }_c^{}=\frac{1\beta ^2}{\beta }\left[\text{arctanh}\left(\beta \right)\left[1+\frac{E}{M_12E}\right]+\frac{\beta E}{M_12E}\mathrm{ln}\left|\frac{M_1}{m}\right|\right],$$
(17)
with

$$L(x)=_0^x\frac{\mathrm{ln}\left(1t\right)}{t}𝑑t\text{is the Spence function},\text{and}M_{p_1}=\frac{G_v}{\sqrt{2}}\frac{E}{mM_1}\overline{u}_BW_\rho u_A\overline{u}_lp_1/O_\rho v_\nu .$$
(18)
The formulas for the neutral HSD are:

$$M_\upsilon ^n=\frac{\alpha }{2\pi }[M_0\mathrm{\Phi }_n+M_{p_2}\mathrm{\Phi }_n^{}],\text{where}M_{p_2}=\frac{G_V}{\sqrt{2}}\frac{lp_2}{m(l+p_2)^2}\overline{u}_BW_\rho u_A\overline{u}_lp_2/O_\rho v_\nu .$$
(19)
The $`\mathrm{\Phi }_n`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_n^{}`$ are given in Ref. , Eqs. (8)-(10), and can be written as

$$\mathrm{\Phi }_n=\mathrm{\Phi }_n^{IR}(E,E_2,\lambda )+\mathrm{\Phi }_n^{ND}(E,E_2)+\mathrm{\Phi }_{Coulomb}(E,E_2)$$
(20)
where

$$\mathrm{\Phi }_n^{IR}(E,E_2,\lambda )=2\left[\frac{1}{\beta _N}\text{arctanh}\left(\beta _N\right)1\right]\mathrm{ln}\left|\frac{\lambda }{m}\right|,\mathrm{\Phi }_{Coulomb}(E,E_2)=\frac{\pi ^2}{\beta _N},$$
(21)
$`\mathrm{\Phi }_n^{ND}(E,E_2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta _N}}\left[\text{arctanh}\left(\beta _N\right)\right]^2+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta _N}}L\left[{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Delta }_V}{x_2^+}}\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta _N}}L\left[{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Delta }_V}{1x_2^+}}\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta _N}}\text{arctanh}\left(\beta _N\right)\left[{\displaystyle \frac{M_2^2+\left(1+\beta _N^2\right)a}{2\left(l+p_2\right)^2}}\right]`$ (23)
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}}\mathrm{ln}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{m}}\right]{\displaystyle \frac{11}{8}}{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{\left(l+p_2\right)^2}}\mathrm{ln}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{m}}\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta _N}}\mathrm{ln}\left[1+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Delta }_V}{1x_2^+}}\right]\left[\mathrm{ln}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{m}}\right]\text{arctanh}\left(\beta _N\right)\right],`$
$$\mathrm{\Phi }_n^{}=\frac{1}{\beta _N}\left(1\beta _N^2\right)\left[\left(1+\frac{a}{2M_2^2}\right)\text{arctanh}\left(\beta _N\right)\frac{a}{2M_2^2}\beta _N\mathrm{ln}\left[\frac{M_2}{m}\right]\right],$$
(24)
where

$$\beta _N=\left(1\frac{4m^2M_2^2}{a^2}\right)^{1/2},a=2E\left(E_2\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|y_0\right)=2l.p_2,$$
(25)
and

$$\mathrm{\Delta }_V=x_2^+x_2^{}=\frac{a\beta _N}{\left(l+p_2\right)^2},x_2^\pm =\frac{m^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)a}{\left(l+p_2\right)^2}.$$
(26)
The contribution due to the Coulomb interaction in the neutral HSD is included in Eq. (20). The infrared divergence which takes place in Eqs. (16) and (21) when $`\lambda 0`$ in the virtual radiative correction is canceled by another one of the same kind which appears in the bremsstrahlung correction, see Ref. . $`\lambda `$ is the small mass which is assigned to the photon to cut off the contribution of very soft photons.

In general, the $`\mathrm{\Phi }_s(E)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Phi }_s^{}(E)`$ are model independent functions (do not depend on the form factors) that contain terms of order $`\alpha q/\pi M_1.`$

## III BIDIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTIONS

The evaluation of the differential decay rate that gives the DP with RC of process in Eq. (1) is performed by standard trace calculations, leaving as the relevant independent variables the energies $`E_2`$ and $`E`$ of the emitted baryon and the electron, respectively. The phase space integration is accomplished according to the kinematical limits given in Eqs. (2) and (3), for the TBR and FBR respectively.

### A Four body region

In this region, the result up to order $`\alpha q/\pi M_1`$for the HSD is compactly given by products of coefficients $`H_i^s`$ that depend on the form factors and model independent functions $`\theta _i^{sT}`$ as

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }_B^s\left(A^sBe\nu \gamma \right)dE=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }d\mathrm{\Omega }\underset{i=0}{\overset{17}{}}H_i^s\theta _i^{sT},d\mathrm{\Omega }=\frac{G_v^2}{2}\frac{1}{2\pi ^3}M_1dE_2dE,$$
(27)
where the coefficients $`H_i^s`$ (see Appendix A) are given by

$$H_1^c=H_1^n=H_1^{},H_i^c=H_i^{},H_i^n=H_i^{}+N_i^{},\text{for }i=0,2,\mathrm{},17,H_{17}^{}=0.$$
(28)
The $`H_i^s`$’s do depend on the form factors through functions $`Q_i`$, $`i=1,..,4`$. The explicit form of the $`Q_i`$’s (Ref.) is also given in Appendix A. The model independent functions are:

$$\theta _i^{cT}=\theta _i^{nT}=\theta _i^T,\text{for }i=0,2,\mathrm{},17.$$
(29)
The $`\theta _1^{cT},\theta _1^{nT},`$ and $`\theta _i^T`$’s with $`i=0,\mathrm{},17`$ are shown in the Appendix B.

The specific form of Eq. (27) for the cases that correspond to the semileptonic decay of a charged charged HSD$`(s=c)`$ or a neutral neutral HSD$`(s=n)`$ decaying hyperon, respectively, becomes:

For the charged HSD process, such as $`\mathrm{\Sigma }^{}(p_1)n(p_2)+e^{}(\mathrm{})+\overline{\nu }_e(p_\nu )+\gamma \left(k\right)`$,

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }_B^c\left(A^{}B^0e^{}\overline{\nu }_e\gamma \right)dE=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }d\mathrm{\Omega }\underset{i=0}{\overset{16}{}}H_i^{}\theta _i^T,$$
(30)
where the model-independent function $`\theta _1^{cT}`$ is

$$\theta _1^T=\left(I_12\right)\mathrm{ln}\left|\frac{y_0+1}{y_01}\right|,I_1=\frac{2}{\beta }\text{arctanh}\left(\beta \right),y_0=\frac{\left(E_\nu ^0\right)^2E^2\beta ^2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|^2}{2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|E\beta },\text{and }E_\nu ^0=M_1E_2E.$$
(31)
For the neutral HSD case, such as the  $`\mathrm{\Lambda }(p_1)p^+(p_2)+e^{}(\mathrm{})+\overline{\nu }_e(p_\nu )+\gamma \left(k\right),`$

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }_B^n\left(A^0B^+e^{}\overline{\nu }\gamma \right)dE=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }d\mathrm{\Omega }\left[\left(H_0^{}+N_0^{}\right)\theta _0^T+H_1^{}\theta _1^{nT}+\underset{i=2}{\overset{16}{}}\left(H_i^{}+N_i^{}\right)\theta _i^T+N_{17}^{}\theta _{17}^T\right],$$
(32)
where $`\theta _1^{nT}`$ is separated, for further convenience, into two parts as follows:

$$\theta _1^{nT}=\theta _1^{nTD}+\theta _1^{nTND},\text{ where }\theta _1^{nTD}(E,E_2)=2\mathrm{ln}\left|\frac{y_0+1}{y_01}\right|.$$
(33)
The equations for the $`\theta _1^{nTND}`$ and $`\theta _{17}^T`$ are also included in the Appendix B.

The result for both types of unpolarized decays given in Eq. (27) is of high precision, model independent and useful for processes where the momentum transfer is not small and therefore cannot be neglected. Terms of order $`\alpha q^2/\pi M_1^2`$and higher are neglected.

### B Three body region

The result up to order $`\alpha q/\pi M_1`$for the hyperon semileptonic decay (HSD) in this region is given by

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }_{TBR}^s\left(A^sBe\nu \right)dE=\left[A_0^{}+\frac{\alpha }{\pi }\left(\underset{i=0}{\overset{17}{}}H_i^s\theta _i^s+A__V^s\mathrm{\Phi }_s^{}\right)\right]d\mathrm{\Omega },d\mathrm{\Omega }=\frac{G_\mathrm{v}^2}{2}\frac{1}{2\pi ^3}M_1M_2dEdz,z=\frac{E_2}{M_2}.$$
(34)
The coefficients $`H_i^s`$’s are the same as the ones at the FBR (Appendix A), but the model independent functions are different, here

$`A__V^c=B_1^{\prime \prime },A__V^n=A_{1N}^{\prime \prime },\theta _1^s=\mathrm{\Phi }_s+\theta _1^s,\theta _i^c=\theta _i^n=\theta _i,\text{for }i=0,2,\mathrm{},17.`$

The $`A_0^{}`$ and $`A__V^s`$’s (given in Appendix A) also depend on the form factors through functions $`Q_i`$, $`i=1,..,4`$. The model independent functions $`\theta _1^s`$ , $`\mathrm{\Phi }_s^{}`$ and the $`\theta _i^s`$’s ($`i=0,2,\mathrm{},17)`$ are exhibited in Appendix C.

In order to illustrate the result in Eq. (34), let us consider two cases that correspond to the semileptonic decay of a charged and a neutral decaying hyperon:

For the charged HSD

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }^c(A^{}B^0e^{}\overline{\nu })dE=\left[A_0^{}+\frac{\alpha }{\pi }\left(H_0^{}\theta _0+H_1^{}\left(\mathrm{\Phi }_c+\theta _1^c\right)+B_1^{\prime \prime }\mathrm{\Phi }_c^{}+\underset{i=2}{\overset{16}{}}H_i^{}\theta _i\right)\right]d\mathrm{\Omega },$$
(35)
For the neutral HSD,

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }^n(A^0B^+e^{}\overline{\nu _e})dE=\left[A_0^{}+\frac{\alpha }{\pi }\left[\left(H_0^{}+N_0^{}\right)\theta _0+H_1^{}\left(\mathrm{\Phi }_n+\theta _1^n\right)+A_{1N}^{\prime \prime }\mathrm{\Phi }_n^{}+\underset{i=2}{\overset{17}{}}\left(H_i^{}+N_i^{}\right)\theta _i\right]\right]d\mathrm{\Omega }.$$
(36)
The $`\theta _1^s`$ are analyzed in the Appendix C.

## IV ENERGY SPECTRUM

To obtain the energy spectrum of the beta particle, the integration over $`E_2`$ has to be performed in the corresponding kinematical regions, $`\left(E_{2b}<E_2<E_{2t}\right)`$, according to Eq. (2) and Eq. (3)

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }^s(E)=_{E_{2b}}^{E_{2t}}\frac{d\mathrm{\Gamma }(A^sBe\nu )}{dE}.$$
(37)
The result for the case without any radiative corrections becomes

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }_o^s(A^sBe\overline{\nu })=\frac{G_v^2}{2\pi ^3}\frac{M_1}{2}_{E_2^{\mathrm{min}}}^{E_2^{\mathrm{max}}}A_0^{}𝑑E_2,\text{where }\underset{sp\stackrel{´}{ı}n}{}\left|M_0\right|^2=\frac{G_v^2}{2}\frac{4M_1}{M_2mm_\nu }A_0^{}.$$
(38)
### A Pure Bremsstrahlung correction in the FBR

The $`d\mathrm{\Gamma }_B^s(A^sBe\nu \gamma )`$ in Eq. (27 ) depends on $`y_0`$ through $`\theta _1^{sT}`$ \[see Eq. (31) and Eq. (33)\] in the following way:

$$\theta _i^{sT}\mathrm{ln}\left|\frac{y_0+1}{y_01}\right|.$$
(39)
For collinear events, which take place when

$$E_2E_2^{\mathrm{min}},mEE_c$$
(40)
the $`y_01`$. This gives rise to a logarithmic divergence. This divergence is an obstacle to perform a direct numerical integration. However, this difficulty is controlled by performing an analytical integration. To proceed, it is convenient to take the following definitions:

$$\frac{(y_0+1)}{(y_01)}=\frac{a_0+b_0z+s}{a_0+b_0zs},a_0=\frac{M_1\left(E_mE\right)+M_2^2}{M_2E\beta },b_0=\frac{EM_1}{E\beta }\text{and }\text{ }s=\sqrt{z^21}$$
(41)
and to consider separately the terms where the difficulties arise.

For the charged HSD the separation of terms in Eq. (30 ) is such that the ones that contain a logarithmic divergence (at the integration limits) are accumulated in $`I_C^{TD}`$ and all the other non-divergent ones are accommodated in $`I_C^{TND},`$ then

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }_B^c(E)=\frac{G_v^2}{2}\frac{1}{2\pi ^3}M_1\left[I_C^{TD}\left(E\right)+I_C^{TND}\left(E\right)\right],$$
(42)
where

$$I_C^{TD}\left(E\right)=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }_{M_2}^{E_2^{\mathrm{min}}}H_1^{}(E,E_2)\theta _1^{cT}(E,E_2)𝑑E_2=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }M_2\underset{k=0}{\overset{2}{}}\epsilon _k^cM_2^kR_k^{TB}.$$
(43)
The explicit $`z`$ dependence of $`H_1^{}(E,E_2)`$ is given by

$$H_1^{}=\underset{k=0}{\overset{2}{}}\epsilon _kM_2^kz^k,\epsilon _k^c=\left(I_12\right)\epsilon _k,\text{and }\text{ }R_k^{FB}=\underset{z=1}{\overset{z_t^B}{}}z^k\mathrm{ln}\frac{\left|a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right|}{\left|a_0+b_0z\sqrt{z^21}\right|}dz.$$
(44)
The $`\epsilon _k`$ ’s are shown in Appendix D. The second term in Eq. (42) is

$`I_C^{TND}\left(E\right)={\displaystyle \frac{\alpha }{\pi }}{\displaystyle _{M_2}^{E_2^{\mathrm{min}}}}\left(H_0^{}\theta _0^T+{\displaystyle \underset{i=2}{\overset{16}{}}}H_i^{}\theta _i^T\right)𝑑E_2.`$

For the neutral HSD, we follow the same strategy and we obtain

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }_B^n(E)=\frac{G_v^2}{2}\frac{1}{2\pi ^3}M_1\left[I_N^{TD}\left(E\right)+I_N^{TND}\left(E\right)\right]$$
(45)
where

$$I_N^{TD}\left(E\right)=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }_{M_2}^{E_2^{\mathrm{min}}}H_1^{}\theta _1^{nTD}𝑑E_2=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }M_2\underset{k=0}{\overset{2}{}}\epsilon _k^nM_2^kR_k^{TB},\epsilon _k^n=2\epsilon _k$$
(46)
and

$$I_N^{TND}\left(E\right)=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }_{M_2}^{E_2^{\mathrm{min}}}\left(\left(H_0^{}+N_0^{}\right)\theta _0^T+H_1^{}\theta _1^{nTND}+\underset{i=2}{\overset{16}{}}\left(H_i^{}+N_i^{}\right)\theta _i^T+N_{17}^{}\theta _{17}^T\right)𝑑E_2.$$
(47)
Notice that, we obtain the same integral $`R_k^{TB}`$in both cases. After performing a very subtle analysis (illustrated in Refs.  and) we get the following non-divergent analytical result

$$R_k^{TB}=\frac{1}{k+1}\left[z_t^{k+1}\left(z_t^B\right)^{k+1}\right]T_0^B\frac{1}{k+1}\left[\underset{r=0}{\overset{k}{}}\left(s_tz_t^rs_t^B\left(z_t^B\right)^r\right)\underset{z=1}{\overset{z_t^B}{}}z^{kr}\frac{dz}{s}\right],$$
(48)
where

$$T_0^B=\text{ln}\left|\frac{M_1\left(E_mE\right)}{E\beta M_2}\right|,s=\sqrt{z^21},$$
(49)
and $`E_m`$ is given in Eq. (3). The values of $`z`$ and $`s`$ (see Eq. (4) ) at the boundaries are

$`z_t`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{M_1E\left(1\beta \right)}{M_2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1E\left(1\beta \right)}}\right],z_t^B=z_b={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{M_1E\left(1+\beta \right)}{M_2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1E\left(1+\beta \right)}}\right],`$ (50)
$`s_t`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_1E\left(1\beta \right)}{M_2}}{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1E\left(1\beta \right)}}\right),s_t^B=s_{bi}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{M_1E\left(1+\beta \right)}{M_2}}{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1E\left(1+\beta \right)}}\right].`$ (51)
An analogous integral is discussed in Appendix E.

### B Virtual plus Bremsstrahlung corrections at the three body region

Following a parallel development for the charged HSD we obtain

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }^c(E)=\frac{G_v^2}{2}\frac{1}{2\pi ^3}M_1\left[I_D^c\left(E\right)+I_{ND}^c\left(E\right)\right],$$
(52)
where

$$I_D^c\left(E\right)=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }M_2\left[\underset{k=0}{\overset{2}{}}\epsilon _k^cM_2^kR_k\right],\epsilon _k^c=\left(I_12\right)\epsilon _k$$
(53)
and

$$I_{ND}^c\left(E\right)=\underset{E_2^{\mathrm{min}}}{\overset{E_2^{\mathrm{max}}}{}}\left[A_0^{}+\frac{\alpha }{\pi }\left(H_1^{}\theta _1^{cnd}+B_1^{\prime \prime }\mathrm{\Phi }_c^{}+H_0^{}\theta _0+\underset{i=2}{\overset{16}{}}H_i^{}\theta _i\right)\right]𝑑E_2,$$
(54)
$$R_k(z)=\underset{z_b}{\overset{z_t}{}}z^k\mathrm{ln}\left|a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right|dz.$$
(55)
The $`\epsilon _k^{}`$ ’s are given in Appendix D, and the calculation of the integrated form of $`R_k(z)`$ is illustrated in Appendix E. A similar procedure is performed for the neutral HSD, and the following results are obtained:

$$\mathrm{\Gamma }^n(E)=\frac{G_v^2}{2}\frac{1}{2\pi ^3}M_1\left[I_D^n\left(E\right)+I_{ND}^n\left(E\right)\right],$$
(56)
$$I_D^n\left(E\right)=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }M_2\left[\epsilon _0^{}R_0+\underset{n=1}{\overset{2}{}}\left(\epsilon _n^{}+\epsilon _n^{\prime \prime }\right)R_n+\epsilon _3^{\prime \prime }R_3\right],$$
(57)
$$I_{ND}^n\left(E\right)=\underset{E_2^{\mathrm{min}}}{\overset{E_2^{\mathrm{max}}}{}}\left[A_0^{}+\frac{\alpha }{\pi }\left(H_1^{}\theta _1^{nnd}+A_{1N}^{\prime \prime }\mathrm{\Phi }_N^{}+\left(H_0^{}+N_0^{}\right)\theta _0+\underset{i=2}{\overset{16}{}}H_i^{}\theta _i+\underset{i=2}{\overset{17}{}}N_i^{}\theta _i\right)\right]𝑑E_2.$$
(58)
The $`\theta _1^{nnd}`$ and the other model independent functions are given in the Appendix C.

Here we have considered the approximation

$$\frac{\text{arctanh}\left(\beta _N\right)}{\beta _N}\frac{I_1}{2}y_0\left|\overline{p}_2\right|\frac{1}{M_1\beta }\left(1\frac{m^2}{E^2}\frac{I_1}{2}\right)=\frac{I_1}{2}\frac{M_2a_0}{M_1\beta }\left(1\frac{m^2}{E^2}\frac{I_1}{2}\right)\frac{b_0M_2}{M_1\beta }\left(1\frac{m^2}{E^2}\frac{I_1}{2}\right)z.$$
(59)
According to Eq. (99), the model dependent coefficients in Eq. (57), defined as $`\epsilon _k^n,`$ become

$`\epsilon _0^n`$ $`=`$ $`\epsilon _0^{}=\epsilon _0\left[\left(I_12\right)\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2a_0}{M_1\beta }}\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{2E^2}}I_1\right)\right],`$ (60)
$`\epsilon _1^n`$ $`=`$ $`\epsilon _1^{}+\epsilon _1^{\prime \prime }=\epsilon _1\left(I_12\right)\left(b_0\epsilon _0+M_2a_0\epsilon _1\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{M_1\beta }}\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{2E^2}}I_1\right),`$ (61)
$`\epsilon _2^n`$ $`=`$ $`\epsilon _2^{}+\epsilon _2^{\prime \prime }=\epsilon _2\left(I_12\right)\left(b_0\epsilon _1+M_2a_0\epsilon _2\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{M_1\beta }}\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{2E^2}}I_1\right),`$ (62)
$`\epsilon _3^n`$ $`=`$ $`\epsilon _3^{\prime \prime }=\epsilon _2\left({\displaystyle \frac{b_0}{M_1\beta }}\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{2E^2}}I_1\right).`$ (63)
The analytical result for the $`R_k`$ ’s in Eqs. (53) and (57) is

$$R_k=\frac{\left(z_t^{k+1}z_b^{k+1}\right)}{2\left(k+1\right)}T_R\frac{1}{2\left(k+1\right)}\underset{r=0}{\overset{k}{}}\left[\frac{(z_t^r+z_b^r)\left(z_t^{kr+1}z_b^{kr+1}\right)}{\left(kr+1\right)}+\left(s_tz_t^rs_{bi}z_b^r\right)_{z_b}^{z_t}\frac{z^{kr}}{s}𝑑z\right]$$
(64)
where

$$T_R=\left[\text{ln}\left|\frac{4\left(E_mE\right)^2}{M_2^2\left(1\frac{2E}{M_1}+\frac{m^2}{M_1^2}\right)}\right|+2\mathrm{\Theta }\left(EE_c\right)\text{ln}\left|\frac{M_1\left(E_mE\right)}{M_2E\beta }\right|\right],$$
(65)
the $`\mathrm{\Theta }\left(EE_c\right)`$ is the Heaviside function, and the $`z_t`$, $`z_t^B`$, $`s_t`$ , and $`s_t^B`$ are given in Eq. (51)

$$z_b=z_t^B,s_{bi}=s_{bd}=s_t^B.$$
(66)
## V FINAL RESULTS

### A Four body region

Gathering and refining previous results, we obtain the whole spectrum of events in the FBR.

The FBR formula for the lepton energy spectrum becomes in general,

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }_B^s\left(E\right)=\frac{\alpha }{\pi }\frac{G_v^2}{2}\frac{1}{2\pi ^3}M_1M_2\left[\underset{k=0}{\overset{2}{}}\epsilon _k^sM_2^kR_k^{TB}+\underset{z=1}{\overset{z_t^B}{}}\left(H_0^s\theta _0^T+\underset{i=2}{\overset{17}{}}H_i^s\theta _i^T+H_1^{}\theta _1^{nTND}\delta _s^n\right)𝑑z\right],$$
(67)
the $`\delta _s^n`$ indicates that the last term appears only in the neutral HSD case $`(s=n)`$. The $`\epsilon _k^s`$ is given in Eq. (44) for $`s=c,`$ and in Eq. (46) for the $`s=n`$ case.

For $`k=0,1,2`$ the explicit values for $`R_k^{TB}`$, in Eq. (48) are

$`R_0^{TB}`$ $`=`$ $`\mathrm{\Delta }_zT_0^B\mathrm{\Delta }_s\mathrm{ln}\left|z_t^B+s_t^B\right|,R_1^{TB}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left[z_t^2\left(z_t^B\right)^2\right]T_0^B{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\mathrm{\Delta }_ss_t^B{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(s_tz_ts_t^Bz_t^B\right)\mathrm{ln}\left|z_t^B+s_t^B\right|,`$ (68)
$`R_2^{TB}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}}\left[z_t^3\left(z_t^B\right)^3\right]T_0^B{\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}}\left(s_tz_ts_t^Bz_t^B+\mathrm{\Delta }_s{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^B}{2}}\right)s_t^B{\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}}\left(s_tz_t^2s_t^B\left(z_t^B\right)^2+{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Delta }_s}{2}}\right)\mathrm{ln}\left|z_t^B+s_t^B\right|,`$ (69)
where $`T_0^B`$ is given in Eqs. (49), $`s_t,z_t,`$ $`s_t^B,z_t^B,`$ are given in Eqs. (51), and

$$\mathrm{\Delta }_z=z_tz_t^B=\frac{2M_1\left(E_mE\right)E\beta }{M_2M_1^2\left(1\frac{2E}{M_1}+\frac{m^2}{M_1^2}\right)},\mathrm{\Delta }_s=s_ts_t^B=\frac{E\beta }{M_2}\left(1+\frac{M_2^2}{M_1^2\left(1\frac{2E}{M_1}+\frac{m^2}{M_1^2}\right)}\right).$$
(70)
### B Three body region

The TBR formula for the electron energy spectrum becomes

$$d\mathrm{\Gamma }_B^s\left(E\right)=\frac{G_v^2}{2}\frac{1}{2\pi ^3}M_1M_2\left\{\underset{z_b}{\overset{z_t}{}}A_0^{}𝑑z+\frac{\alpha }{\pi }\left[\underset{k=0}{\overset{r_s}{}}\epsilon _k^sM_2^kR_k+\underset{z_b}{\overset{z_t}{}}\left(H_0^s\theta _0+A__V^s\mathrm{\Phi }_s^{}+\underset{i=2}{\overset{17}{}}H_i^s\theta _i+H_1^{}\theta _1^{snd}\right)𝑑z\right]\right\}$$
(71)
where $`r_c=2,r_n=3`$, and the $`\epsilon _k^s`$ ’s are displayed in Eq. (53) and in Eq. (63).

The explicit values for $`R_k`$, in Eq. (64) for $`k=0,1,2,3`$ are

$$R_0=\frac{1}{2}\left[\mathrm{\Delta }_z\left(T_R2\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_s\text{ ln}\left|\frac{z_t+s_t}{z_b+\left|s_b\right|}\right|\right],$$
(72)
$$R_1=\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(z_t^2z_b^2\right)\left(T_R2\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_s\mathrm{\Delta }_{\left|s\right|}\left(s_tz_ts_{bi}z_b\right)\text{ln}\left|\frac{z_t+s_t}{z_b+\left|s_b\right|}\right|\right],\mathrm{\Delta }_{\left|s\right|}=s_t\left|s_b\right|$$
(73)
$`R_2`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}}\left\{\left(z_t^3z_b^3\right)\left(T_R2\right){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Delta }_z^3}{6}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\mathrm{\Delta }_s\left(z_ts_tz_b\left|s_b\right|\right)\right\}`$ (75)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}}\left\{\left(s_tz_ts_{bi}z_b\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_{\left|s\right|}+\left[s_tz_t^2s_{bi}z_b^2+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\mathrm{\Delta }_s\right]\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{z_t+s_t}{z_b+\left|s_b\right|}}\right|\right\},`$
$`R_3`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}\left[\left(z_t^4z_b^4\right)\left(T_R2\right){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Delta }_z^3}{3}}\left(z_t+z_b\right)\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{2}{3}}\mathrm{\Delta }_s\mathrm{\Delta }_{\left|s\right|}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}}\mathrm{\Delta }_s\left(s_tz_t^2\left|s_b\right|z_b^2\right)+\left(s_tz_t^2s_{bi}z_b^2\right)\mathrm{\Delta }_{\left|s\right|}\right]`$ (77)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(s_tz_ts_{bi}z_b\right)\left(z_ts_tz_b\left|s_b\right|\right)+\left(s_tz_t^3s_{bi}z_b^3+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(s_tz_ts_{bi}z_b\right)\right)\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{z_t+s_t}{z_b+\left|s_b\right|}}\right|\right],`$
where $`T_R`$ is given in Eq. (65), and $`s_t,z_t,`$ $`s_{bi},z_b,`$ $`\mathrm{\Delta }_z`$, and $`\mathrm{\Delta }_s`$ are given in Eqs. (51), and Eqs. (70), respectively.

## VI CONCLUSIONS

The singularities contained in the precise analytical formulas at the level of the Dalitz plot are isolated and well understood. The logarithmic divergences disappear and the lepton energy spectrum becomes finite when the formulas are integrated in an analytical way. The final and general results in Eq. (67) and Eq. (71) are precise formulas suitable to be evaluated numerically, without ambiguity, at any energy in which the charged lepton is emitted. They contain the bremsstrahlung in the four body decay region where the three body decay does not take place and also include events in which the electron is collinear to the produced hadron (at the edge of the DP).

Other authors Ref.  have published numerical data for the percent contributions due to the radiative corrections to the HSD decay. Only as a test, we have compared booth results. We consider the numerical values obtained with the formulas in Eq. (67) and Eq. (71) in six Tables. Tables I-III are devoted to the charged HSD process, considering the case : $`\mathrm{\Sigma }^{}n+e+\overline{\nu }_e`$ , and Tables IV-VI are entailed to the neutral HSD case, the process we use to illustrate this case is $`\mathrm{\Lambda }p+e^{}+\overline{\nu }_e`$. In the Tables I, III, IV and VI we exhibit the data given in Ref.  for the relative RC in %, caused by bremsstrahlung events, which fall inside and outside the TBR Dalitz plot, and the numerical values obtained by means of Eq. (67) and Eq. (71). The results are in good agreement taking into account the fact that the earlier numerical results contain unspecified approximations especially at the Dalitz plot boundary. In addition we illustrate our final results with four graphs. For the $`(\mathrm{\Sigma }^{},n)`$ case, in Fig. 1, the RC at the TBR (which contains the virtual and bremsstrahlung corrections) and the RC in FBR (which contains only the bremsstrahlung corrections) contributions are displayed separately. In Fig. 2, the complete energy spectrum is plotted with and without the total radiative corrections. For the $`(\mathrm{\Lambda },p)`$ case, Fig. 3 contains the radiative contributions including the Coulomb effect and in Fig. 4 we consider the energy spectrum as in the previous case. The Coulomb effect is included in the analysis. It is incorporated into the virtual radiative corrections to the energy spectrum for the neutral HSD in the TBR.

In summary, the analytical results are useful to obtain information derived from experimental data, about the underlying interactions in the decay processes, the basic symmetries, and the internal structure of hadrons, through the derivation of precise values of the form factors involved in the effective interaction.

The knowledge of the energy spectrum of the electron is fundamental for the determination of the decay rate in these processes. For the complete determination of the decay rate it is necessary to add the contributions of the events in the three body and in the four body regions.

Let us mention that the RC were also computed by other means for photon bremsstrahlung calculations in semileptonic decays Ref. . At last, though the evaluation of the radiative corrections for the HSD is a complex and an old problem (see list of references in Ref. ), the results in Eqs. (67) and (71) are new, and are the culmination of a systematical approach to the decays in the whole region of the Dalitz plot.

## ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Professor P. Kielanowski for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions. S.R.J.W. also acknowledges partial support by Comisión de Operación y Fomento de Actividades Académicas (Instituto Politécnico Nacional), and by CoNaCyT-México.

APPENDIX A

The coefficients $`Q_i`$’s $`\left(i=1,\mathrm{},5\right)`$ do depend on the form factors.

$`Q_1`$ $`=`$ $`F_1^2\left({\displaystyle \frac{2E_2M_2}{M_1}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}F_2^2\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2+E_2}{M_1}}\right)+F_1F_2\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2+E_2}{M_1}}\right)+F_1F_3\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1}}\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E_2}{M_1}}\right)`$
$`+F_2F_3\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2+E_2}{M_1}}\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E_2}{M_1}}\right)+G_1^2\left({\displaystyle \frac{2E_2+M_2}{M_1}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}G_2^2\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2E_2}{M_1}}\right)+G_1G_2\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2E_2}{M_1}}\right)`$
$`+G_1G_3\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1}}1\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E_2}{M_1}}\right)G_2G_3\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2E_2}{M_1}}\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E_2}{M_1}}\right)+M_1^2Q_5\left[\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_1E_2}{M_1}}\right)^2{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle \frac{q^2}{M_1^2}}\right],`$
$`Q_2`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{F_1^2}{M_1}}{\displaystyle \frac{F_1F_2}{M_1}}+{\displaystyle \frac{F_1F_3}{M_1}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{F_2F_3}{M_1}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2+E_2}{M_1}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{G_1^2}{M_1}}+{\displaystyle \frac{G_1G_2}{M_1}}+{\displaystyle \frac{G_1G_3}{M_1}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1}}1\right)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{G_2G_3}{M_1}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2E_2}{M_1}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{2F_1G_1}{M_1}}+M_1Q_5\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_1E_2}{M_1}}\right),`$
$`Q_3=Q_12F_1^2\left({\displaystyle \frac{E_2M_2}{M_1}}\right)2G_1^2\left({\displaystyle \frac{E_2+M_2}{M_1}}\right)M_1^2Q_5\left[\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E_2}{M_1}}\right)^2{\displaystyle \frac{q^2}{M_1^2}}\right],`$

$$Q_4=Q_24\frac{F_1G_1}{M_1},Q_5=\frac{F_3^2}{M_1^2}\left(\frac{M_2+E_2}{M_1}\right)\frac{G_3^2}{M_1^2}\left(\frac{M_2E_2}{M_1}\right)2\frac{F_1F_3}{M_1^2}+2\frac{G_1G_3}{M_1^2},$$
(78)
with

$`F_1`$ $`=`$ $`f_1^{}+\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1}}\right)f_2,\text{ }F_2=2f_2,\text{ }F_3=f_2+f_3,`$ (79)
$`G_1`$ $`=`$ $`g_1^{}\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1}}\right)g_2,\text{ }G_2=2g_2,\text{ }G_3=g_2+g_3,`$ ()
$`f_1^{}`$, $`g_1^{}`$ are effective form factors, see Ref. .

For completeness, we explicitly show the coefficients $`H_i^{}`$ $`^\text{,}`$s:

$`A_0^{}=Q_1^{}EE_\nu ^0Q_2^{}E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left(\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|+\left|\stackrel{}{l}\right|y_0\right)Q_3^{}\left|\stackrel{}{l}\right|\left(\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|y_0+\left|\stackrel{}{l}\right|\right)+Q_4^{}E_\nu ^0\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left|\stackrel{}{l}\right|y_0Q_5^{}\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|^2\left|\stackrel{}{l}\right|y_0\left(\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|+\left|\stackrel{}{l}\right|y_0\right),`$

$`H_0^{}=E\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left[{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(Q_3Q_4E_\nu ^0\right){\displaystyle \frac{E}{2M_1}}\left[\left(f_1+g_1\right)^2+4f_2g_1+2\left(f_1f_3g_1g_2\right)\right]\right],`$

$`H_1^{}=A_{1N}^{}=E\left\{E_\nu ^0Q_1Q_2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|^2Q_3\beta ^2E+\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|y_0\left(E_\nu ^0Q_4Q_3EQ_2\right)\right\},`$

$`H_2^{}={\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{2E}}\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left[\left(Q_1+Q_3\right)E_\nu ^0+\left(Q_2+Q_4\right)E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\beta y_0+Q_4\left(E+E_\nu ^0\right)^2+Q_2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|^2\right],`$

$`H_3^{}=\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\{{\displaystyle \frac{E}{4}}[[2E_\nu ^0E(1+\beta ^2)](Q_1+Q_3)+2\beta |\stackrel{}{p}_2|y_0(E_\nu ^0Q_4Q_3EQ_2)2|\stackrel{}{p}_2|{}_{}{}^{2}Q_{2}^{}`$

$`+(E_\nu ^0+E)[E(1+\beta ^2)(Q_2+3Q_4)2(Q_3+2EQ_4)]]`$

$`+m^2[{\displaystyle \frac{h^+}{e}}(E_\nu ^0+2E)+\left[f_1{}_{}{}^{2}+g_1{}_{}{}^{2}+2(f_1f_3g_1g_2)\right]{\displaystyle \frac{E_\nu ^0}{2M_1}}g_1(f_1+f_2+g_2){\displaystyle \frac{\left(2E+E_\nu ^0\right)}{M_1}}]\},`$

$`H_4^{}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}E\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\{{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}E[Q_1E_\nu ^0Q_2E(Q_2+Q_4)+3(Q_3E_\nu ^0Q_4)]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}[E^2\beta ^2Q_2+|\stackrel{}{p}_2|^2Q_4+E_\nu ^0(2Q_33E_\nu ^0Q_4)]`$

$`{\displaystyle \frac{EE_\nu ^0}{M_1}}\left[\left(f_1g_1\right)^2+2f_1f_3\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{M_1}}\left[f_1^{2}g_1^{2}+2\left(g_1g_2+f_1f_3\right)\right]\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\beta Ey_0+{\displaystyle \frac{2E}{M_1}}g_1^{}g_2\left[2E_\nu ^0+E\left(43\beta ^2\right)\right]`$

$`+{\displaystyle \frac{2E}{M_1}}g_1^{}[2E(f_1+f_2g_2)+f_2(E_\nu ^0+\beta ^2E)]+{\displaystyle \frac{2h^{}}{e_i}}\beta ^2E^22E[E_\nu ^0+2E(1\beta ^2)]{\displaystyle \frac{h^+}{e}}\},`$

$`H_5^{}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}E^2\beta ^2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\{Q_1(E+E_\nu ^0)Q_2+3Q_3(3E+7E_\nu ^0)Q_44(2E+E_\nu ^0){\displaystyle \frac{h^+}{e}}8E_\nu ^0{\displaystyle \frac{h^{}}{e}}+{\displaystyle \frac{4}{M_1}}[E_\nu ^0(f_1^{\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}2}}+2f_1f_3)`$

$`+(2EE_\nu ^0)(f_1+f_2)g_1+(2E+3E_\nu ^0)g_1g_2]\},H_6^{}={\displaystyle \frac{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left(1\beta ^2\right)E\beta }{4}}[Q_1+Q_3(Q_2+Q_4)(E_\nu ^0+E)],`$

$`H_7^{}={\displaystyle \frac{E\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}{4}}\{{\displaystyle \frac{\left(2EE_\nu ^0\right)}{E}}(Q_1+Q_3)+{\displaystyle \frac{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|^2}{E}}(Q_2+Q_4)+2(\beta ^21)EQ_4+|\stackrel{}{p}_2|\beta y_0(Q_2+3Q_42{\displaystyle \frac{h^+}{e}})`$

$`2\left(E_\nu ^0+E\beta ^2\right){\displaystyle \frac{h^+}{e}}+\left[\left(\beta ^23\right)E2E_\nu ^0\right]Q_2+{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\left(1\beta ^2\right)\left[f_1^2+g_1^2g_1\left(2f_1+3f_2+g_2\right)\right]`$

$`+g_1(f_2g_2)\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{E}}\right)({\displaystyle \frac{2E_2M_1}{M_2}}{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1}})+{\displaystyle \frac{2m^2}{EM_1}}(f_1f_3g_1g_2)\},`$

$`H_8^{}={\displaystyle \frac{E\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}{4}}\{Q_1+Q_3(2E+E_\nu ^0)Q_2+(E_\nu ^0E)Q_4+2E_\nu ^0\left({\displaystyle \frac{2h^{}h^+}{e}}\right)+[(f_1g_1)^2+2f_1f_3]\left({\displaystyle \frac{E2E_\nu ^0}{M_1}}\right)`$

$`+g_1{\displaystyle \frac{\left[\left(2f_2+g_2\right)\left(E_\nu ^02E\right)+g_2E_\nu ^0\right]}{M_1}}\},H_9^{}={\displaystyle \frac{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\beta }{8}}[(Q_1+Q_3)+(Q_2+Q_4)(E+E_\nu ^0)],`$

$`H_{10}^{}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}\left(E\beta \right)^3\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left\{\left(Q_2+5Q_4\right)4\left[{\displaystyle \frac{3h^{}+2h^+}{e}}\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{2}{M_1}}\left[3f_1\left(f_1+2f_3\right)+g_1\left(g_14f_16f_2+8g_2\right)\right]\right\},`$

$`H_{11}^{}=0,H_{12}^{}=\left(E\beta \right)^2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|^2\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{h^+}{e}}{\displaystyle \frac{Q_4}{2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2M_1}}\left[\left(f_1+g_1\right)^2+2g_1\left(3f_22g_2\right)+2f_1f_3\right]\right\},`$

$`H_{13}^{}={\displaystyle \frac{\left(E\beta \right)^2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|^2}{2}}\left\{Q_42{\displaystyle \frac{h^+}{e}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{M_1}}\left[2f_2\left(f_1g_1\right)+g_1^2f_1^22f_2^22f_1f_3\right]\right\},`$

$`H_{14}^{}={\displaystyle \frac{\left(E\beta \right)^2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}{4M_1}}\left[\left(f_1g_1\right)^24f_2g_1+2\left(f_1f_3g_1g_2\right)M_1Q_2\right],`$

$$H_{15}^{}=\frac{E\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}{8}\left\{\left(Q_2+Q_4\right)4\frac{h^{}}{e}+\frac{2}{M_1}\left[\left(f_1g_1\right)^22f_2g_1+2f_1f_3\right]\right\},H_{16}^{}=\frac{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}{4M_1}\beta \left[M_1\frac{h^+}{e}+g_1\left(g_2f_2\right)\right].$$
(80)
We have used the definition

$`h^\pm =g_1^2\left(\kappa _1+\kappa _2\right)\pm f_1g_1\left(\kappa _2\kappa _1\right).`$

The coefficients $`N_i`$’s are given by

$`N_0^{}=\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|{\displaystyle \frac{E\beta }{2M_1}}\left[2\left(EE_\nu ^0\right)R^++\left(E+2E_\nu ^0\right)R^{}+\left(1y_0\right){\displaystyle \frac{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}{2\beta }}R^{}\right],N_2^{}=N_6^{}=N_9^{}=N_{11}^{}=N_{15}^{}=0,`$

$`N_3^{}={\displaystyle \frac{E\beta m^2}{M_1}}\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|R^+,N_4^{}={\displaystyle \frac{E\beta }{2M_1}}\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left[2E^2R^++E\beta \left(E\beta +4\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|y_0\right)R^{}\right],N_5^{}={\displaystyle \frac{\left(E\beta \right)^2}{M_1}}\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left[ER^++2E_\nu ^0R^{}\right],`$

$`N_7^{}=\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|{\displaystyle \frac{\beta }{2M_1}}\left[2m^2+EE_\nu ^0\left(1\beta x_0\right)\right]R^+,N_8^{}=\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|{\displaystyle \frac{E\beta }{2M_1}}\left(2E+E_\nu ^0\right)R^+,`$

$`N_{10}^{}={\displaystyle \frac{3\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left(E\beta \right)^3}{2M_1}}R^{},N_{12}^{}=\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|^2{\displaystyle \frac{E\beta ^2}{M_1}}\left(2EE_\nu ^0\right)R^+,N_{13}^{}=\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|^2{\displaystyle \frac{\left(E\beta \right)^2}{2M_1}}\left(2R^+R^{}\right),`$

$$N_{14}^{}=\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\frac{\left(E\beta \right)^2}{M_1}R^+,N_{16}^{}=\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\frac{\beta }{4M_1}R^+,N_{17}^{}=\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\frac{E\beta }{4M_2}\left[2E_\nu ^0+\left(1y_0\right)\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\beta \right]R^{},$$
(81)
and

$$R^\pm =\left|f_1\right|^2\pm \left|g_1\right|^2,B_1^{\prime \prime }=Q_1EE_\nu ^0Q_2E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left(\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|+\beta Ey_0\right),$$
(82)
$$A_{1N}^{\prime \prime }=\frac{a}{2M_1^2\left(12E_\nu ^0/M_1\right)}\left[E_\nu ^0(Q_1E_2+Q_4\stackrel{}{p}_2^2)(\stackrel{}{p}_2^2+\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\beta Ey_0)(Q_2E_2+Q_3)\right].$$
(83)
APPENDIX B

The FBR model independent functions $`\theta _1^{cT}`$ and $`\theta _1^{nT}`$ are given in Eqs. (31) and (33), respectively,

$$\theta _0^T=2\left(I_12\right),\text{and }\theta _i^{cT}=\theta _i^{nT}=\theta _i^T,\text{for }i=0,2,\mathrm{}17.$$
(84)
$$\theta _1^{cT}=\theta _1^T=\left(I_12\right)\mathrm{ln}\left|\frac{y_0+1}{y_01}\right|,\theta _1^{nT}=\theta _1^{nTD}+\theta _1^{nTND},\theta _1^{nTD}=2\mathrm{ln}\left|\frac{y_0+1}{y_01}\right|.$$
(85)
The FBR $`\theta _1^{nTND}`$ in Eqs. (33) is

$`\theta _1^{nTND}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{max}}^+\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{min}}^+\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{min}}^{}\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{max}}^{}\right)`$

$$+\frac{1}{\beta _N}\left[\mathrm{ln}v^+\mathrm{ln}\left|\frac{v^+a\left(1+\beta _N\right)}{v^+a\left(1\beta _N\right)}\right||_{v^+=v_{\mathrm{min}}^+}^{v^+=v_{\mathrm{max}}^+}+\mathrm{ln}v^{}\mathrm{ln}\left|\frac{v^{}a\left(1+\beta _N\right)}{v^{}a\left(1\beta _N\right)}\right||_{v^{}=v_{\mathrm{min}}^{}}^{v^{}=v_{\mathrm{max}}^{}}\right]\frac{1}{\beta _N}\left[I_1^nI_2^n+I_3^nI_4^n\right].$$
(86)
For $`i=2,\mathrm{}17`$

$`\theta _2^T={\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{I_2^{}}{1+\beta a^{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{I_2^+}{1+\beta a^+}}+{\displaystyle \frac{E^2}{m^2}}\left(I_2^+I_2^{}+\beta \mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{I_3^{}}{I_3^+}}\right|\right)\right]+{\displaystyle \frac{2I_1}{E\left(1+\beta a^{}\right)\left(1+\beta a^+\right)}},`$

$`\theta _3^T={\displaystyle \frac{I_1}{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}}\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{1+\beta a^+}{1+\beta a^{}}}\right|+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}}\left(L\left[{\displaystyle \frac{1\beta }{1+\beta a^{}}}\right]L\left[{\displaystyle \frac{1\beta }{1+\beta a^+}}\right]+L\left[{\displaystyle \frac{1+\beta }{1+\beta a^+}}\right]L\left[{\displaystyle \frac{1+\beta }{1+\beta a^{}}}\right]\right),`$

$`\theta _4^T={\displaystyle \frac{1}{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}}\left[a^+I_2^+a^{}I_2^{}+\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{I_3^{}}{I_3^+}}\right|\right],\theta _5^T={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}}\left[\left(1a^{+2}\right)I_2^+\left(1a^2\right)I_2^{}+4{\displaystyle \frac{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}{E\beta }}\right],`$

$`\theta _6^T=2{\displaystyle \frac{\left(y_0a^{}\right)}{\left(1+\beta a^{}\right)^2}}\left(I_2^{}+\beta I_1\right)2{\displaystyle \frac{\left(y_0+a^+\right)}{\left(1+\beta a^+\right)^2}}\left(I_2^++\beta I_1\right)+2\left[2+\beta \left({\displaystyle \frac{y_0a^{}}{1+\beta a^{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{y_0+a^+}{1+\beta a^+}}\right)\right]I_4,`$

$`\theta _7^T=2\left[2I_1+{\displaystyle \frac{y_0a^{}}{1+\beta a^{}}}\left(\beta I_1+I_2^{}\right){\displaystyle \frac{y_0+a^+}{1+\beta a^+}}\left(\beta I_1+I_2^+\right)\right],\theta _8^T=2\left[4+\left(y_0a^{}\right)I_2^{}\left(y_0+a^+\right)I_2^+\right],`$

$`\theta _9^T=24E+2\left[6\left(E_\nu ^0E\right)+\beta \left(G^T+G^{T+}\right)\right]I_1+2\left(G^TI_2^{}+G^{T+}I_2^+\right)+2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left[{\displaystyle \frac{\left(y_0a^{}\right)^2I_3^{}}{1+\beta a^{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{\left(y_0+a^+\right)^2I_3^+}{1+\beta a^+}}\right],`$

$`\theta _{10}^T={\displaystyle \frac{1}{3\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}}\left[2\left(a^2a^{+2}\right)a^3I_2^{}+a^{+3}I_2^++\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{I_3^{}}{I_3^+}}\right|\right],\theta _{11}^T=2\left(I_4I_1\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}},\theta _{12}^T={\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}}\theta _0^T,\theta _{13}^T=0,`$

$`\theta _{14}^T=2\left[\left(2a^{}I_2^{}\right)\left(y_0a^{}\right)\left(2a^+I_2^+\right)\left(y_0+a^+\right)\right],`$

$`\theta _{15}^T=24E_\nu ^0+4\beta E\left[a^{}\left(y_0a^{}\right)I_2^{}a^+\left(y_0+a^+\right)I_2^+\right]+2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left[\left(y_0a^{}\right)^2I_3^{}\left(y_0+a^+\right)^2I_3^+\right],`$

$`\theta _{16}^T=24E^2\left(I_12\right)+8\left(E_\nu ^{\mathrm{0\; 2}}2E^2\beta ^2\right)I_1+4E\beta \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left[{\displaystyle \frac{\left(y_0a^{}\right)^2}{1+\beta a^{}}}\left(\beta I_1+I_2^{}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\left(y_0+a^+\right)^2}{1+\beta a^+}}\left(\beta I_1+I_2^+\right)\right],`$

$$\theta _{17}^T=2I_1,\text{ }\text{and }\text{ }a^\pm =\frac{E_\nu ^0\pm \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}{E\beta },$$
(87)
$`I_1`$is given in Eq. (31),$`I_2^\pm ,I_3^\pm ,I_4,`$and $`G^{T\pm }`$ are and $`\beta _N`$ is defined in Eq. (25),

$$I_2^\pm =\mathrm{ln}\left|\frac{1+a^\pm }{a^\pm 1}\right|,I_3^\pm =\frac{2}{\left(a^\pm \right)^21},I_4=\frac{2}{1\beta ^2},G^{T\pm }=\beta \left[\frac{2Ea^\pm \left(y_0\pm a^\pm \right)}{\left(1+\beta a^\pm \right)}+\frac{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left(y_0\pm a^\pm \right)^2}{\left(1+\beta a^\pm \right)^2}\right],$$
(88)
$`v_{\mathrm{max}}^\pm =2\left(E_2\pm \left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\right)\left(E\pm \left|\stackrel{}{\mathrm{}}\right|\right),v_{\mathrm{min}}^\pm =2\left\{EE_2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left|\stackrel{}{\mathrm{}}\right|\pm \left|E_2\left|\stackrel{}{\mathrm{}}\right|\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|E\right|\right\},`$

$`a=M_1^2H^2q^2,H^2=\left(p_1\mathrm{}\right)^2,q^2=\left(p_1p_2\right)^2.`$

The $`I_i^n`$’s in Eq. (86) are defined in terms of the Heaviside function $`\theta \left(x\right)`$. Then for $`i=1,\mathrm{},4`$

$`I_i^n=I_{iA}\theta \left(r_{Ai}\right)+I_{iB}\theta \left(r_{Bi}\right)\theta \left(r_{Bi}^{}\right)+I_{iC}\theta \left(r_{Ci}\right),`$

where

$`I_{1A,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}A}=L\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}{v_{\mathrm{min}}^+}}\right)L\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}{v_{\mathrm{max}}^+}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{max}}^+\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{min}}^+\right),`$

$`I_{1B,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}B}={\displaystyle \frac{\pi ^2}{3}}L\left({\displaystyle \frac{v_{\mathrm{min}}^+}{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}}\right)L\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}{v_{\mathrm{max}}^+}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\mathrm{ln}^2{\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}{v_{\mathrm{min}}^+}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{max}}^+\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{min}}^+\right),`$

$`I_{1C,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}C}=L\left({\displaystyle \frac{v_{\mathrm{max}}^+}{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}}\right)L\left({\displaystyle \frac{v_{\mathrm{min}}^+}{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}}\right)+\mathrm{ln}\left|a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)\right|\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{v_{\mathrm{max}}^+}{v_{\mathrm{min}}^+}}\right|,`$

$`I_{3A,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}A}=L\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}{v_{\mathrm{min}}^{}}}\right)L\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}{v_{\mathrm{max}}^{}}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{min}}^{}\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{max}}^{}\right),`$

$`I_{3B,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}B}={\displaystyle \frac{\pi ^2}{3}}+L\left({\displaystyle \frac{v_{\mathrm{max}}^{}}{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}}\right)+L\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}{v_{\mathrm{min}}^{}}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\mathrm{ln}^2{\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}{v_{\mathrm{max}}^{}}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{max}}^{}\mathrm{ln}^2v_{\mathrm{min}}^{}\right),`$

$`I_{3C,\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}4}C}=L\left({\displaystyle \frac{v_{\mathrm{max}}^{}}{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}}\right)L\left({\displaystyle \frac{v_{\mathrm{min}}^{}}{a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)}}\right)+\mathrm{ln}\left|a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right)\right|\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{v_{\mathrm{max}}^{}}{v_{\mathrm{min}}^{}}}\right|,`$

and the arguments of the Heaviside function are given by the expressions

$`r_{A1,A2}`$ $`=`$ $`r_{B1,B2}=v_{\mathrm{min}}^+a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right),r_{B1,B2}^{}=r_{C1,C2}=v_{\mathrm{max}}^+a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right),`$
$`r_{A3,A4}`$ $`=`$ $`r_{B3,B4}=v_{\mathrm{max}}^{}a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right),r_{B3,B4}^{}=r_{C3,C4}=v_{\mathrm{min}}^{}a\left(1\pm \beta _N\right).`$
The left (right) subindex in the left hand side (LHS) in the former equations corresponds to the upper (lower) sign in the right hand side (RHS) in the same equations. $`L\left(x\right)`$ is the Spence function.

APPENDIX C

The TBR $`\theta _1^s`$and $`\theta _i^s`$ in Eqs. (34) are

$$\theta _1^s=\mathrm{\Phi }_s+\theta _1^s.$$
(89)
For the charged HSD, after we split the $`\theta _1^{nd}`$ and $`\theta _1^{nnd}`$ contributions, the model-independent function becomes

$$\theta _1^c=\left(I_12\right)\left[\mathrm{ln}\left|a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right|\right]+\theta _1^{cnd},$$
(90)
$`\theta _1^{cnd}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta }}L\left({\displaystyle \frac{2\beta E}{M_1E+\beta E}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{I_1}{2}}\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{E\left(M_12E\right)}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta }}\mathrm{ln}\left|1{\displaystyle \frac{2\beta E}{M_1E+\beta E}}\right|\left(\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{M_1}{m}}\right|\beta {\displaystyle \frac{I_1}{2}}\right)`$ ()
$`+\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{I_1}{2}}\right)\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{M_1mE_\nu ^0(M_1E_2E_m)}{E^2\beta ^2M_2^2}}\right|{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\beta }}\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{1\beta x_0}{1\beta }}\right|\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{1\beta x_0}{1+\beta }}\right|+{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}}\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{M_1}{m}}\right|{\displaystyle \frac{11}{8}}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta }}\left[L\left({\displaystyle \frac{\beta (1x_0)}{1\beta x_0}}\right)+L\left({\displaystyle \frac{\beta (1+x_0)}{1+\beta }}\right)\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}\beta I_1^2,`$
where

$$x_0=\frac{(\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|y_0+\beta E)}{E_\nu ^0},\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}1}\beta x_0=\frac{M_1(M_1E_2E_m)}{EE_\nu ^0}.$$
(93)
To obtain the results in Eq. (57) and in Eq. (58), for the neutral HSD, the $`\theta _1^n`$ is separated for convenience into a $`\theta _1^{nd}`$ and $`\theta _1^{nnd}`$. These model-independent functions are

$$\theta _1^n=\theta _1^{nd}+\theta _1^{nnd},\theta _1^{nd}=\theta _{I0}^{},\theta _1^{nnd}=\mathrm{\Phi }_{Coulomb}+C_N^{}.$$
(94)
After considering the approximation in Eq. (59)

$$\theta _{I0}^{}=\psi _{D1}+E_2\psi _{D2},$$
(95)
and

$$H_1^{}\theta _{I0}^{}=\underset{n=0}{\overset{2}{}}\epsilon _nM_2^nz^n\left[\psi _{D1}+E_2\psi _{D2}\right]=\left[\underset{n=0}{\overset{2}{}}\epsilon _n^{}M_2^nz^n+\underset{m=1}{\overset{3}{}}\epsilon _m^{\prime \prime }M_2^mz^m\right]\mathrm{ln}\left|a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right|,$$
(96)
where

$$\psi _{D1}=\left[I_12\frac{M_2a_0}{M_1\beta }\left(1\frac{m^2}{E^2}\frac{I_1}{2}\right)\right]\mathrm{ln}\left|a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right|,$$
(97)
$$\psi _{D2}=\frac{b_0}{M_1\beta }\left(1\frac{m^2}{E^2}\frac{I_1}{2}\right)\mathrm{ln}\left|a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right|,$$
(98)
$$\epsilon _n^{}=\epsilon _n\left[I_12\frac{M_2a_0}{M_1\beta }\left(1\frac{m^2}{E^2}\frac{I_1}{2}\right)\right],\epsilon _m^{\prime \prime }=\epsilon _{m1}\frac{b_0}{M_1\beta }\left(1\frac{m^2}{E^2}\frac{I_1}{2}\right).$$
(99)
The $`\mathrm{\Phi }_{Coulomb}`$ is given in Eq. (21) and

$$C_N^{}=C_N+2\left(\frac{\text{arctanh}\left(\beta _N\right)}{\beta _N}1\right)\mathrm{ln}\left|2M_2E\beta \right|+\frac{2\text{arctanh}\left(\beta _N\right)}{\beta _N}\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{1+\beta }{\beta }\right),$$
(100)
$`C_N={\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta _N}}`$ $`\{\left(\text{arctanh}\beta _N\right)^2+L\left({\displaystyle \frac{2a\beta _N}{a\left(1+\beta _N\right)+2m^2}}\right)+L\left({\displaystyle \frac{2a\beta _N}{a\left(1+\beta _N\right)+2M_2^2}}\right)2L({\displaystyle \frac{\left(1\beta _N\right)}{2\beta _N}})`$ ()
$`+2L\left({\displaystyle \frac{2E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\left(1+\beta \right)\left(1+y_0\right)}{a\left(1+\beta _N\right)}}\right)+2L\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1\beta _N\right)}{2E\left(1+\beta \right)\left(E_2+\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\right)+\left(\beta _N1\right)a}}\right)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}L\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1+\beta _N\right)}{\omega _0}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}L\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1\beta _N\right)}{\omega _0}}\right)+\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{2mM_2}{\omega _{\mathrm{min}}^2\omega _0}}\text{arctanh}\left(\beta _N\right)`$
$`\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{2E\left(1+\beta \right)\left(E_2+\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\right)+\left(\beta _N1\right)a}{2a\beta _N}}\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{\left[2E\left(1+\beta \right)\left(E_2+\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\right)+\left(\beta _N1\right)a\right]a\beta _N}{2m^2M^2}}`$
$`\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1+\beta _N\right)+2M_2^2}{a\left(1\beta _N\right)+2M_2^2}}\right)[\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{m}}\text{arctanh}(\beta _N)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{a\left(1+\beta _N\right)+2M_2^2}{a\left(1\beta _N\right)+2M_2^2}}\right)]\}`$
$`+\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta _N}}\text{arctanh}(\beta _N)\right)\left[\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{a\beta _N}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{2M_2^2+\left(1+\beta _N^2\right)a}{2\left(p_2+\mathrm{}\right)^2}}\right]+\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{\left(p_2+\mathrm{}\right)^2}}\right)\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{m}}\right)`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{11}{8}}+\mathrm{ln}\left(H^2M_2^2\right)\left(q^2m^2\right)+\left(\mathrm{ln}{\displaystyle \frac{E\left(1+\beta \right)\left(E_2+\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\right)}{mM_2}}\right)^2\left(\text{arctanh}\left(\beta _N\right)\right)^2,`$
where

$`\omega _0`$ $`=`$ $`\omega _1+\sqrt{\omega _1^24m^2M_2^2},\omega _1={\displaystyle \frac{ab_r4m^2M_2^2}{ab_r}},b_r={\displaystyle \frac{M_2^2\left(q^2m^2\right)}{H^2M_2^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{m^2\left(H^2M_2^2\right)}{q^2m^2}},`$
$`q^2`$ $`=`$ $`M_1^2+M_2^22E_2M_1,H^2=M_1^2+m^22EM_1,\omega _{\mathrm{min}}=\left(1+\beta _N\right)\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\left(ab_r\right)\left(H^2M_2^2\right)\left(q^2m^2\right)}{a\beta _N^3}}}.`$
Now,

$$\theta _0=\left(1+y_0\right)\left(I_12\right),\text{and }\theta _i=\frac{1}{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}(T_i^++T_i^{})\text{for }i=0,2,\mathrm{},16,\theta _{17}=\left(1+y_0\right)I_1$$
(107)
$`T_2^\pm =\pm {\displaystyle \frac{1a^\pm }{(1\pm \beta )(1+\beta a^\pm )}}\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1\beta }{1\beta x_0}}\right)\pm {\displaystyle \frac{(1\pm x_0)\mathrm{ln}(1\pm x_0)}{(1\pm \beta )(1\beta x_0)}}\pm {\displaystyle \frac{1\pm a^\pm }{(1\beta )(1+\beta a^\pm )}}\mathrm{ln}(1\pm a^\pm ){\displaystyle \frac{(x_0+a^\pm )\mathrm{ln}(\pm x_0\pm a^\pm )}{(1+\beta a^\pm )(1\beta x_0)}},`$

$`T_3^\pm `$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\beta }}[L\left({\displaystyle \frac{1\beta }{1\beta x_0}}\right)L\left({\displaystyle \frac{1\beta x_0}{1+\beta }}\right)L\left({\displaystyle \frac{1+\beta a^{}}{1\beta x_0}}\right)+L\left({\displaystyle \frac{1+\beta a^{}}{1+\beta }}\right)`$
$`+L\left({\displaystyle \frac{1\beta x^0}{1+\beta a^+}}\right)L\left({\displaystyle \frac{1\beta }{1+\beta a^+}}\right)+\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1\beta x_0}{1\beta }}\right)\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1+\beta a^+}{1+\beta }}\right)],`$
$`T_4^\pm =(x_0\pm 1)\mathrm{ln}(1\pm x_0)\pm (1\pm a^\pm )\mathrm{ln}(1\pm a^\pm )(x_0+a^\pm )\mathrm{ln}(\pm x_0\pm a^\pm ),`$

$`T_5^\pm ={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left[(1x_0^2)\mathrm{ln}(1\pm x_0)+(x_01)a^\pm +1(1a^{\pm 2})\mathrm{ln}(1\pm a^\pm )+(x_0^2a^{\pm 2})\mathrm{ln}[\pm (x_0+a^\pm )]\right],`$

$`T_6^{}`$ $`=`$ $`\left(\beta E+\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\pm {\displaystyle \frac{\beta E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^{})}{1+\beta a^{}}}\right)I_4\pm {\displaystyle \frac{\beta E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^{})}{(1+\beta a^{})^2}}I_1+\left(E_\nu ^0{\displaystyle \frac{\beta E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^{})}{(1+\beta a^{})}}\right)J_4{\displaystyle \frac{\beta E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^{})}{(1+\beta a^{})^2}}J_1`$
$`\pm {\displaystyle \frac{E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^{})}{(1+\beta a^{})^2}}I_2^{}{\displaystyle \frac{E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^{})}{(1+\beta a^{})^2}}J_2^{},`$
$`T_7^\pm =\left(\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\beta E{\displaystyle \frac{\beta E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^\pm )}{(1+\beta a^\pm )}}\right)I_1{\displaystyle \frac{E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^\pm )}{(1+\beta a^\pm )}}I_2^\pm +\left(E_\nu ^0{\displaystyle \frac{\beta E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^\pm )}{(1+\beta a^\pm )}}\right)J_1{\displaystyle \frac{E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^\pm )}{(1+\beta a^\pm )}}J_2^\pm ,`$

$`T_8^\pm =2(\beta E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|+E_\nu ^0x_0)E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^\pm )I_2^\pm E_\nu ^0(x_0+a^\pm )J_2^\pm ,`$

$`{\displaystyle \frac{T_9^\pm }{4\left(\beta E\right)^2}}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{3E}{2\left(\beta E\right)^2}}(\beta E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|+E_\nu ^0x_0)+\left({\displaystyle \frac{3(\beta E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|)}{4\beta ^2E}}+{\displaystyle \frac{3E_\nu ^0\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}{4\left(\beta E\right)^2}}+\beta G^\pm \right)I_1{\displaystyle \frac{E_\nu ^{02}(x_0+a^\pm )^2}{4\left(\beta E\right)^2(1+\beta a^\pm )}}I_3^\pm `$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{E_\nu ^{02}(x_0+a^\pm )^2}{4\left(\beta E\right)^2(1+\beta a^\pm )}}J_3^\pm +\left({\displaystyle \frac{3E_\nu ^0}{4\beta ^2E}}+{\displaystyle \frac{3E_\nu ^0(E_\nu ^0+\beta Ex_0)}{4\left(\beta E\right)^2}}\pm \beta G^\pm \right)J_1\pm G^\pm J_2^\pm +G^\pm I_2^\pm ,`$
$`T_{10}^{}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}}(x_0^31)\mathrm{ln}(1x_0)+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}}(a^^31)\mathrm{ln}(1a^{}){\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}}(x_0^3+a^^3)\mathrm{ln}((x_0+a^{}))`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}}(1x_0^2)(a^{}+1){\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}}(x_0\pm 1)(1a^^2),`$
$`T_{11}^\pm ={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\beta }}\left(E_\nu ^0\left[(1\beta x_0)J_4J_1\right]\left(\beta E_\nu ^0+\beta E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\right)I_4+(\beta E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|)I_1\right),`$

$`T_{12}^+=T_{12}^{}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|\beta }}\left(E_\nu ^0(1\beta x_0)J_1+2E_\nu ^0x_0+2(\beta E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|)(\beta E_\nu ^0+\beta E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|)I_1\right),`$

$`T_{13}^\pm ={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|}}E_\nu ^0(1x_0^2),T_{14}^\pm =E_\nu ^0\left(1+x_0^2+2a^\pm (x_01)\pm a^\pm (x_0+a^\pm )(I_2^\pm \pm J_2^\pm )\right),`$

$`T_{15}^\pm =3E_\nu ^0(2\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|(1+y_0)+\beta E(1x_0^2))E_\nu ^{0^2}(x_0+a^\pm )^2(J_3^\pm \pm I_3^\pm )2\beta EE_\nu ^0(x_0+a^\pm )a^\pm (J_2^\pm \pm I_2^\pm ),`$

$`T_{16}^\pm `$ $`=`$ $`4\beta ^2E^2\{{\displaystyle \frac{3}{2\beta ^2}}(2(\beta E|\stackrel{}{p}_2|+E_\nu ^0x_0)+\beta E_\nu ^0(1x_0^2))+({\displaystyle \frac{3(\beta E\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|+\beta E_\nu ^0)}{2\beta ^2}}|\stackrel{}{p}_2|(1+y_0)+{\displaystyle \frac{\left|\stackrel{}{p}_2\right|E_\nu ^{0^2}}{2\beta ^2E^2}})I_1`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{E_\nu ^{0^2}(x_0+a^\pm )^2}{2\beta E(1+\beta a^\pm )}}(\beta J_1+J_2^\pm \pm \beta I_1\pm I_2^\pm )+({\displaystyle \frac{3E_\nu ^0(1\beta x_0)}{2\beta ^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{E_\nu ^{0^2}(E_\nu ^0+\beta Ex_0)}{2\beta ^2E^2}})J_1\}.`$
The $`x_0`$, $`a^\pm `$, $`I_1`$, $`I_2^\pm `$, $`I_3^\pm `$, $`I_4,`$ are given in Eq. (93), Eq. (87), Eq. (31) and Eqs. (88). The $`J_1`$, $`J_2^\pm `$, $`J_3^\pm `$, $`J_4`$ and $`G^\pm `$ are

$`J_1={\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta }}\left[\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1+\beta }{1\beta x_0}}\right)+\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1\beta }{1\beta x_0}}\right)\right],J_2^\pm =\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{a^\pm 1}{a^\pm +x_0}}\right|+\mathrm{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{a^\pm +1}{a^\pm +x_0}}\right|,J_3^\pm =2\left({\displaystyle \frac{a^\pm }{a^{\pm ^2}1}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{a^\pm +x_0}}\right),`$

$`J_4={\displaystyle \frac{2}{\beta }}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{1\beta ^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{1\beta x_0}}\right),G^\pm ={\displaystyle \frac{\beta E_\nu ^{02}(x_0+a^\pm )^2}{4\beta ^2E^2(1+\beta a^\pm )^2}}{\displaystyle \frac{a^\pm (a^{\pm 2}1)}{4(1+\beta a^\pm )}}.`$

Finally, simplifying Eq. (17) and Eq. (24)

$`\mathrm{\Phi }_c^{}={\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{E\left(M_12E\right)}}\left[\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{M_1}{E}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{I_1}{2}}+\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_1}{m}}\right)\right],\mathrm{\Phi }_n^{}={\displaystyle \frac{2m^2}{a}}\left[\left(1+{\displaystyle \frac{2M_2^2}{a}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{\beta _N}}\text{arctanh}(\beta _N)+\mathrm{ln}\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{m}}\right)\right].`$

APPENDIX D

$$H_1^{}=\underset{k=0}{\overset{2}{}}\epsilon _kE_2^k,$$
(108)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{\epsilon _0}{M_1^2}}`$ $`=`$ $`\left(F_1^2G_1^2+F_1F_2+G_1G_2+{\displaystyle \frac{F_2^2G_2^2}{2}}\right)\left[M^{}+4{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\right)\right]{\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{2M_1}}2\left(F_1^2G_1^2\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{M_2E}{M_1^2}}`$
$`+\left[\left(F_1+G_1\right)^2+F_1F_2G_1G_2\right]\left[{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}M^++{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\left(2\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\right)+{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{M_1^2}}\right)\right]+2F_1G_1{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\left[2\left({\displaystyle \frac{M_2^2}{M_1^2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\right)M^+\right]`$
$`+\left(F_1F_3+F_2F_3+G_1G_3G_2G_3\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{m^2M_2}{M_1^3}}+\left(F_1F_3G_1G_3\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{M_1^2}},`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{\epsilon _1}{M_1}}`$ $`=`$ $`\left(F_1F_2+G_1G_2+{\displaystyle \frac{F_2^2G_2^2}{2}}\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{2E}{M_1}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1}}+\left(F_1^2G_1^2\right){\displaystyle \frac{M_2}{M_1}}+\left(F_2F_3+G_2G_3\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{2E}{M_1}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{2M_1^2}}`$
$`+\left(F_2^2+G_2^2\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}+\left[\left(F_1+G_1\right)^2+F_1F_2G_1G_2\right]{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left(M^++2\left(12{\displaystyle \frac{E}{M_1}}\right)\right)`$
$`+\left(F_1F_2G_1G_2+{\displaystyle \frac{F_2^2+G_2^2}{2}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}M^{}\left(F_1F_3+F_2F_3+G_1G_3G_2G_3\right){\displaystyle \frac{m^2M_2}{M_1^3}}`$
$`+\left[F_2F_3+G_2G_3+2\left(G_1G_3F_1F_3\right)\right]{\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{2M_1^2}},`$
$`\epsilon _2`$ $`=`$ $`\left({\displaystyle \frac{F_2^2+G_2^2}{2}}\right)\left(1{\displaystyle \frac{2E}{M_1}}\right)\left(F_1+G_1\right)^2\left(F_2F_3+G_2G_3\right){\displaystyle \frac{m^2}{M_1^2}}.`$
Terms of $`O(q^2/M_1^2)`$ are neglected and

$`M^{}={\displaystyle \frac{m^2M_2^2M_1^2}{M_1^2}}\text{}M^+={\displaystyle \frac{m^2+M_2^2+M_1^2}{M_1^2}}.`$

APPENDIX E

In this appendix we describe the integration procedure we follow to obtain the result in Eq. (64), Ref. .

The first step is an integration by parts

$`{\displaystyle z^n\text{ln}\left|a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right|𝑑z}={\displaystyle \frac{z^{n+1}}{n+1}}\text{ln}\left|a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right|{\displaystyle \frac{1}{n+1}}{\displaystyle D^{(n)}𝑑z},`$

where

$`D^{(n)}={\displaystyle \frac{z^{n+1}}{s}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{b_0s+z}{a_0+b_0z+s}}\right),s=\sqrt{z^21}.`$

After multiplying the numerator and denominator of $`D^{(n)}`$ by $`\left(a_0+b_0zs\right)`$ it becomes

$`D^{(n)}=z^{n+1}\left({\displaystyle \frac{az}{az^2+bz+c}}+{\displaystyle \frac{a_0z}{\left(az^2+bz+c\right)s}}+{\displaystyle \frac{b}{2\left(az^2+bz+c\right)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{b_0}{\left(az^2+bz+c\right)s}}\right),`$

$$a=b_0^21,b=2a_0b_0,c=a_0^2+1.\text{Due to }az^2+bz+c=a(zz_t)(zz_b),$$
(109)
it is reduced to a suitable expression which can be integrated very easily:

$`D^{(n)}={\displaystyle \frac{z^{n+1}}{\mathrm{\Delta }_z}}\left(\left(z_t+{\displaystyle \frac{b}{2a}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{z_tz}}+\left(z_b+{\displaystyle \frac{b}{2a}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{zz_b}}+\left({\displaystyle \frac{a_0}{a}}z_t+{\displaystyle \frac{b_0}{a}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{s\left(z_tz\right)}}+\left({\displaystyle \frac{a_0}{a}}z_b+{\displaystyle \frac{b_0}{a}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{1}{s\left(zz_b\right)}}\right),`$

where $`z_t`$ , $`z_b`$ and $`\mathrm{\Delta }_z`$ are defined in Eqs.(51) and (70). $`D^{(n)}`$ is simplified to

$`D^{(n)}={\displaystyle \frac{z^{n+1}}{2}}\left[{\displaystyle \frac{1}{z_tz}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{zz_b}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{s}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{s_t}{(z_tz)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{s_{bi}}{(zz_b)}}\right)\right].`$

The particular results

$`D^{(0)}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left[2+{\displaystyle \frac{z_t}{z_tz}}{\displaystyle \frac{z_b}{zz_b}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{s}}\left(\mathrm{\Delta }_s+{\displaystyle \frac{s_tz_t}{z_tz}}+{\displaystyle \frac{s_{bi}z_b}{zz_b}}\right)\right],`$

$`D^{(1)}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\left[2z(z_t+z_b)+{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^2}{z_tz}}{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^2}{zz_b}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{s}}\left(\mathrm{\Delta }_sz+(s_{bi}z_bs_tz_t)+{\displaystyle \frac{s_tz_t^2}{z_tz}}+{\displaystyle \frac{s_{bi}z_b^2}{zz_b}}\right)\right],`$

$`D^{(2)}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\{2z^2z(z_t+z_b)(z_t^2+z_b^2)+{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^3}{z_tz}}{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^3}{zz_b}}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{s}}[\mathrm{\Delta }_sz^2+z(s_{bi}z_bs_tz_t)+(s_{bi}z_b^2s_tz_t^2)+{\displaystyle \frac{s_tz_t^3}{z_tz}}+{\displaystyle \frac{s_{bi}z_b^3}{zz_b}}]\},`$
inspire the following relation:

$`D^{(n)}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}[{\displaystyle \underset{r=0}{\overset{n}{}}}\{(z_t^r+z_b^r)z^{nr}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{s}}(s_tz_t^rs_{bi}z_b^r)z^{nr}\}`$
$`+{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^{n+1}}{z_tz}}{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{zz_b}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{s}}({\displaystyle \frac{s_tz_t^{n+1}}{z_tz}}+{\displaystyle \frac{s_{bi}z_b^{n+1}}{zz_b}})].`$
Therefore

$`{\displaystyle z^n\text{ln}\left|a_0+b_0z+s\right|𝑑z}=T_D{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\left(n+1\right)}}{\displaystyle \underset{r=0}{\overset{n}{}}}\left\{{\displaystyle \frac{(z_t^r+z_b^r)z^{nr+1}}{\left(nr+1\right)}}+\left(s_tz_t^rs_{bi}z_b^r\right){\displaystyle \frac{z^{nr}}{s}𝑑z}\right\},`$

where

$`T_D`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{z^{n+1}}{n+1}}\text{ln}\left|a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right|{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|z_tz\right|\pm \text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{z_tz1s_ts}{z_tz}}\right|\right]`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|zz_b\right|{\displaystyle \frac{s_{bi}}{\sqrt{z_b^21}}}\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{1z_bz\pm s\sqrt{z_b^21}}{zz_b}}\right|\right].`$
To take into account the integration limits we consider that

$`\sqrt{z_b^21}=\{\begin{array}{cc}s_{bi}\hfill & m<E<E_c,\hfill \\ s_{bd}=s_{bi},\hfill & E_c<E<E_m.\hfill \end{array}`$

and obtain

$`a_0+b_0z_b+\sqrt{z_b^21}=\{\begin{array}{cc}2s_{bi},\hfill & m<E<E_c,\hfill \\ 0,\hfill & E_c<E<E_m.\hfill \end{array}`$

$`a_0+b_0z_t+\sqrt{z_t^21}=\{\begin{array}{cc}0,\hfill & m<E<E_c,\hfill \\ 0,\hfill & E_c<E<E_m.\hfill \end{array}.`$

As a consequence of these results for $`m<E<E_c`$ and $`E_c<E<E_m`$ we consider two regions.

We define

TD={
TD<,m<E<Ec,TD>,Ec<E<Em.\displaystyle T_{D}=\left\{\begin{tabular}[]{ll}$T_{D}^{<},$&$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,m<E<E_{c},$\\
$T_{D}^{>},$&$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,E_{c}<E<E_{m}.$\end{tabular}\right.

At the region $`m<E<E_c`$ taking the limit $`zz_t`$

$`T_D^<(z_t)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{z_t}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\underset{zz_t}{lim}\left\{\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{\left(a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right)^2}{z_tz1s_ts}}\right|\right\}{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|1z_bz_ts_{bi}s_t\right|\right]`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|2\left(b_0s_t+z_t\right)^2\right|{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|1z_bz_ts_{bi}s_t\right|\right];`$
for the limit $`zz_b`$

$`T_D^<(z_b)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|\left(a_0+b_0z_b+s_{bi}\right)^2\right|{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|z_tz_b1s_ts_{bi}\right|{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|1z_b^2s_{bi}^2\right|\right]`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{\left(2s_{bi}\right)^2}{2s_{bi}^2}}\right|{\displaystyle \frac{z_{it}^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|z_tz_b1s_ts_{bi}\right|.`$
The following remains:

$`T_D^<(z_t)T_D^<(z_b)={\displaystyle \frac{z_t^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|2\left(b_0s_t+z_t\right)^2\left(z_tz_b1s_ts_{bi}\right)\right|{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|2\left(1z_bz_ts_{bi}s_t\right)\right|\right].`$

Similarly for the second region in which $`E_c<E<E_m`$

$`T_D^>(z_t)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\underset{zz_t}{lim}\left\{\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{\left(a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right)^2}{z_tz1s_ts}}\right|\right\}{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|1z_bz_t+s_{bd}s_t\right|\right]`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|2\left(b_0s_t+z_t\right)^2\right|{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|1z_bz_ts_{bi}s_t\right|\right],`$
and

$`T_D^>(z_b)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\underset{zz_b}{lim}\left\{\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{\left(a_0+b_0z+\sqrt{z^21}\right)^2}{1z_bz+s_{bd}s}}\right|\right\}{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|z_tz_b1s_ts_{bd}\right|\right]`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|2\left(b_0s_{bd}+z_b\right)^2\right|{\displaystyle \frac{z_t^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|z_tz_b1s_ts_{bd}\right|\right].`$
Then

$`T_D^>(z_t)T_D^>(z_b)={\displaystyle \frac{z_t^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|2\left(b_0s_t+z_t\right)^2\left(z_tz_b1s_ts_{bd}\right)\right|{\displaystyle \frac{z_b^{n+1}}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|\left(1z_bz_ts_{bi}s_t\right)\left(2\right)\left(b_0s_{bd}+z_b\right)^2\right|.`$

Summarizing

$`T_D^<(z_t)T_D^<(z_b)={\displaystyle \frac{\left(z_t^{n+1}z_b^{n+1}\right)}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{4\left(E_mE\right)^2}{M_2^2\left(1\frac{2E}{M_1}+\frac{m^2}{M_1^2}\right)}}\right|,`$

$`T_D^>(z_t)T_D^>(z_b)={\displaystyle \frac{\left(z_t^{n+1}z_b^{n+1}\right)}{2\left(n+1\right)}}\left[\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{4\left(E_mE\right)^2}{M_2^2\left(1\frac{2E}{M_1}+\frac{m^2}{M_1^2}\right)}}\right|+\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{M_1^2\left(E_mE\right)^2}{M_2^2\stackrel{}{l}^2}}\right|\right].`$

In general

$`T_D(z_t)T_D(z_b)={\displaystyle \frac{\left(z_t^{n+1}z_b^{n+1}\right)}{2\left(n+1\right)}}T_R`$

where

$`T_R=\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{4\left(E_mE\right)^2}{M_2^2\left(1\frac{2E}{M_1}+\frac{m^2}{M_1^2}\right)}}\right|+2\mathrm{\Theta }\left(EE_c\right)\text{ln}\left|{\displaystyle \frac{M_1\left(E_mE\right)}{M_2\left|\stackrel{}{l}\right|}}\right|`$

and $`\mathrm{\Theta }\left(EE_c\right)`$ is the Heaviside function.

Finally,

$`R_n(z)={\displaystyle \frac{\left(z_t^{n+1}z_b^{n+1}\right)}{2\left(n+1\right)}}T_R{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\left(n+1\right)}}{\displaystyle \underset{r=0}{\overset{n}{}}}[{\displaystyle \frac{(z_t^r+z_b^r)\left(z_t^{nr+1}z_b^{nr+1}\right)}{\left(nr+1\right)}}+(s_tz_t^rs_{bi}z_b^r){\displaystyle _{z_b}^{z_t}}{\displaystyle \frac{z^{nr}}{s}}dz.]`$