text:
# TUM-HEP-285/00 MPI-TH/2000-30 A Lower Bound on sin{2𝛽} from Minimal Flavour Violation

## 1 Introduction

The recent measurements of the time dependent CP asymmetry $`a_{\psi K_S}`$ in $`B_d^0(\overline{B}_d^0)\psi K_S`$ decays by BaBar  and Belle  indicate that the value of the angle $`\beta `$ in the unitarity triangle could turn out to be substantially smaller than expected on the basis of the standard analysis of the unitarity triangle within the Standard Model (SM) and the CDF measurement  of $`a_{\psi K_S}`$ reported last year. Indeed the measurements

$$(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\psi K_S}=\{\begin{array}{cc}0.12\pm 0.37\pm 0.09\hfill & (\mathrm{BaBar})\text{[1]},\hfill \\ 0.45\pm 0.44\pm 0.08\hfill & (\mathrm{Belle})\text{[2]},\hfill \\ 0.79\pm 0.42\hfill & (\mathrm{CDF})\text{[3]}\hfill \end{array}$$
(1)
imply the grand average

$$(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\psi K_S}=0.42\pm 0.24.$$
(2)
This should be compared with the results of global analyses of the unitarity triangle within the SM which dependent on the error estimates give

$$(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{SM}}=\{\begin{array}{cc}0.75\pm 0.06\hfill & \text{[4]},\hfill \\ 0.73\pm 0.20\hfill & \text{[5]},\hfill \\ 0.63\pm 0.12\hfill & \text{[6]},\hfill \end{array}$$
(3)
where the last two results represent $`95\%`$ C.L. ranges. Similar results can be found in . Clearly, in view of the large spread of experimental results and large statistical errors in (1), the SM estimates in (3) are compatible with the experimental value of $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\psi K_S}`$ in (2). Yet the small values of $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ found by BaBar and Belle might indicate new physics contributions to $`B_d^0\overline{B}_d^0`$ and $`K^0\overline{K}^0`$ mixings. In particular as discussed recently in several papers  new CP violating phases in $`B_d^0\overline{B}_d^0`$ mixing could be responsible for small values of $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ in (2). Indeed in this case the asymmetry $`a_{\psi K_S}`$ measures $`\mathrm{sin}2(\beta +\theta _{\mathrm{new}})`$ and choosing appropriately $`\theta _{\mathrm{new}}`$ one can obtain agreement with the results of BaBar and Belle.

On the other hand as stressed in  the SM estimates of $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ are sensitive to the assumed ranges for the parameters

$$|V_{cb}|,|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|,\widehat{B}_K,\sqrt{\widehat{B}_d}F_{B_d},\xi $$
(4)
that enter the standard analysis of the unitarity triangle. The parameter $`\xi `$ is defined in (18). While for “reasonable ranges” (see table 1) of these parameters, values of $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta 0.5`$ are excluded, such low values could still be possible within the SM if some of the parameters in (4) were chosen outside these ranges. In particular, for $`|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|0.06`$ or $`\widehat{B}_K1.3`$ or $`\xi 1.4`$, values lower than 0.5 for $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ could be obtained within the SM. We agree with these findings.

In the present letter we will assume the “reasonable ranges” for the parameters in (4) as given in table 1. The question then arises whether small values of $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ could still be obtained from an analysis of the unitarity triangle in the extentions of the SM which do not contain any new phases. In this context we would like to point out that there exists an absolute non-trivial lower bound for $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ in models with minimal flavour violation (MFV) , that do not have any new operators beyond those present in the SM and in which all flavour changing transitions are governed by the CKM matrix  with no new phases beyond the KM phase. The SM, several versions of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and the Two Higgs Doublet Models I and II belong to this class. Interestingly, this absolute lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$, which basically follows from $`\epsilon `$ and $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_d`$, depends only on the parameters in (4) that are common to all models in this class. It can also be influenced significantly by the measurement of $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$.

Now, as pointed out recently in  there exists a universal triangle in this class of models that can be determined in the near future from the ratio $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_d/(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$ and from $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ measured first through the CP asymmetry in $`B_d^0\psi K_S`$  and later in $`K\pi \nu \overline{\nu }`$ decays . Also suitable ratios of the branching ratios for $`BX_{d,s}\nu \overline{\nu }`$ and $`B_{d,s}\mu ^+\mu ^{}`$ and the angle $`\gamma `$ measured by means of CP asymmetries in B decays can be used for this determination . In this context, the implications of the analysis presented below are fourth-fold:

* The present ranges for the parameters in (4) give a non-trivial lower bound for the angle $`\beta `$ in the universal unitarity triangle which reads

$$\mathrm{sin}2\beta 0.34.$$
(5)
* This bound shows that even the central value in (2) can be accommodated in principle within the MFV models. No new CP violating phases are necessary.
* On the other hand, as illustrated below, the reduction in the uncertainties of the parameters in (4) and the measurement of $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$ may result in a much stronger lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$, that may turn out to be inconsistent with the future improved experimental values of $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\psi K_S}`$.

The implications of the latter possibility would be rather profound. With the measurement of $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\psi K_S}`$ alone one would be able to conclude that one has to go beyond the concept of the MFV and that new CP violating phases and/or new local operators in the weak effective Hamiltonians for $`K^0\overline{K}^0`$ and $`B_{d,s}^0\overline{B}_{d,s}^0`$ mixings are necessary to describe the data.

Finally

* There exists an absolute lower bound on the angle $`\gamma `$ which reads

$$\mathrm{sin}\gamma 0.24.$$
(6)
Also this bound could become stronger in the future.

## 2 The Lower Bound on $`\mathrm{𝐬𝐢𝐧}\mathrm{𝟐}𝜷`$

In order to demonstrate that a lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ exists in the MFV models we use the Wolfenstein parametrization  of the CKM matrix and its generalization to include higher order terms in $`\lambda `$ . Two of the Wolfenstein parameters, $`\lambda `$ and $`A`$, are determined from semi-leptonic K and B decays sensitive to the elements $`|V_{us}|`$ and $`|V_{cb}|`$ respectively:

$$\lambda =|V_{us}|=0.22,A=\frac{|V_{cb}|}{\lambda ^2}=0.826\pm 0.041.$$
(7)
As the decays in question are tree level decays with large branching ratios this determination is to an excellent approximation independent of any possible physics beyond the SM. The remaining two parameters, $`\varrho `$ and $`\eta `$, describe the unitarity triangle. In particular, the apex of this triangle, as shown in fig. 1, is given by

$$\overline{\varrho }=\varrho (1\frac{\lambda ^2}{2}),\overline{\eta }=\eta (1\frac{\lambda ^2}{2}).$$
(8)
The lengths CB, CA and BA are equal respectively to

$$1,R_b\sqrt{\overline{\varrho }^2+\overline{\eta }^2}=(1\frac{\lambda ^2}{2})\frac{1}{\lambda }\left|\frac{V_{ub}}{V_{cb}}\right|,R_t\sqrt{(1\overline{\varrho })^2+\overline{\eta }^2}=\frac{1}{\lambda }\left|\frac{V_{td}}{V_{cb}}\right|.$$
(9)
Now, the experimental value for the CP violating parameter $`\epsilon `$ combined with the theoretical calculation of box diagrams describing $`K^0\overline{K}^0`$ mixing gives the constraint for $`(\overline{\varrho },\overline{\eta })`$ in the form of the following hyperbola :

$$\overline{\eta }\left[(1\overline{\varrho })A^2\eta _2F_{tt}+P_c(\epsilon )\right]A^2\widehat{B}_K=0.226.$$
(10)
Here $`\widehat{B}_K`$ is a non-perturbative parameter and $`P_c(\epsilon )=0.31\pm 0.05`$  summarizes charm–charm and charm–top contributions in the SM. The new physics contributions to $`P_c(\epsilon )`$ are negligible within the class of the MFV models considered here . Most important for our considerations is the function $`F_{tt}`$ that in the SM results from box diagrams with top quark exchanges. Beyond the SM $`F_{tt}`$ is modified by new particle exchanges. $`\eta _2`$ is a short distance QCD correction related to $`F_{tt}`$. At NLO it can be modified from its SM value  by new physics contributions to the relevant Wilson coefficients at scales $`𝒪(M_\mathrm{W})`$.

Next, the measurement of the $`B_d^0\overline{B}_d^0`$ mixing (the mass difference $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_d`$) determines $`R_t`$ in the unitarity triangle of fig. 1 through

$$R_t=1.26\frac{R_0}{A}\frac{1}{\sqrt{F_{tt}}},$$
(11)
where

$$R_0=\sqrt{\frac{(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_d}{0.47/\mathrm{ps}}}\left[\frac{200\mathrm{MeV}}{F_{B_d}\sqrt{\widehat{B}_d}}\right]\sqrt{\frac{0.55}{\eta _B}}.$$
(12)
Here $`F_{tt}`$ is the function present also in (10), $`\widehat{B}_d`$ is a non-perturbative parameter analogous to $`\widehat{B}_K`$, $`F_{B_d}`$ is the $`B_d`$ meson decay constant and $`\eta _B`$ is the short distance QCD factor, calculated within the SM in .

The most important feature of the formulae (10) and (11) relevant for the discussion below is that in the context of the standard analysis of the unitarity triangle the different MFV models can be characterized by the value of the function $`F_{tt}`$. Moreover, as explained below, the new physics effects cancel in the ratio $`\eta _2/\eta _B`$.

The fact that new physics effects in $`\epsilon `$ and $`B_{d,s}^0\overline{B}_{d,s}^0`$ mixings within the MFV models can be described by a single function has been stressed in particular by Ali and London , who introduced the quantity $`f`$ related to $`F_{tt}`$ through

$$F_{tt}=S_0(m_\mathrm{t})(1+f).$$
(13)
Here $`S_0`$ is the Inami-Lim function  resulting within the SM from box diagrams with top quark exchanges. In the SM $`f=0.`$ While Ali and London argued that the universality of the quantity $`f`$ is approximate, we would like to stress that in fact in each order of perturbation theory $`f`$ and consequently $`F_{tt}`$ must be exactly the same for $`\epsilon `$, $`B_d^0\overline{B}_d^0`$ mixing and $`B_s^0\overline{B}_s^0`$ mixing. This follows from the fact that at scales $`𝒪(M_\mathrm{W})`$ and higher scales, at which new particles are integrated out, Wilson coefficients of the relevant $`\mathrm{\Delta }F=2`$ operators proportional to $`(V_{ts}^{}V_{td})^2`$, $`(V_{tb}^{}V_{td})^2`$ and $`(V_{tb}^{}V_{ts})^2`$ are exactly the same. The differences between these three cases show up only in the hadronic parameters in (4), which are not included in $`F_{tt}`$ but factored out as seen in (10) and (11). Similarly the QCD corrections $`\eta _2`$ and $`\eta _B`$ differ only from each other by different renormalization group evolutions below the scales $`𝒪(M_\mathrm{W})`$ and consequently the ratio $`\eta _2/\eta _B`$ does not depend on new physics contributions.

In view of these remarks it will be convenient in what follows to use the SM values $`\eta _2=0.57`$ , $`\eta _B=0.55`$  and absorb all QCD corrections related to new physics contributions into $`F_{tt}`$.

We are now ready to demonstrate the existence of the lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ in question. Noting that

$$\mathrm{sin}2\beta =\frac{2\overline{\eta }(1\overline{\varrho })}{R_t^2}$$
(14)
and combining (10) and (11) one finds

$$\mathrm{sin}2\beta =\frac{1.26}{R_0^2\eta _2}\left[\frac{0.226}{A^2\widehat{B}_K}\overline{\eta }P_c(\epsilon )\right]$$
(15)
whereby the first term in the parenthesis is larger than the second term by a factor of 2–3. This dominant term is independent of $`F_{tt}`$ and involves the QCD corrections only in the ratio $`\eta _2/\eta _B`$. Consequently it is independent of $`m_\mathrm{t}`$ and the new parameters in the extensions of the SM. The dependence on new physics is only present in $`\overline{\eta }`$ entering the second term that would be absent if the charm contribution to $`\epsilon `$ was negligible. In particular for $`\overline{\varrho }>0`$, the value of $`\overline{\eta }`$ decreases with increasing $`F_{tt}`$. In principle new physics could also contribute to $`P_c(\epsilon )`$, but in all known examples of MFV models such contributions are negligible .

In spite of the sensitivity of the second term in (15) to new physics contributions, there exists an absolute lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ in the MFV models, simply because for $`\widehat{B}_K>0`$ the unitarity of the CKM matrix implies

$$0\overline{\eta }R_b.$$
(16)
At first sight one would think that the lower bound for $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ is attained for $`\overline{\eta }=R_b`$, but this is clearly not the case as $`\overline{\eta }`$ depends on the values of the parameters in (4). Consequently there is a correlation between the values of the two terms in (15). Moreover, not arbitrary values of $`A`$, $`\widehat{B}_K`$, $`\sqrt{\widehat{B}_d}F_{B_d}`$ and $`F_{tt}`$ are simultaneously allowed by the constraints (10) and (11). For instance for given values of $`A`$, $`R_b`$ and $`F_{tt}`$ an approximate lower bound for $`\widehat{B}_K`$ follows from (10) :

$$\widehat{B}_K\left[A^2R_b(2.6A^2F_{tt}+1.4)\right]^1.$$
(17)
Thus while the discussion presented above demonstrates that an absolute lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ in the MFV models exists, $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ for given values of the parameters in (4) can only be found numerically by using the constraints (10) and (11) and scanning $`F_{tt}`$ in the full range allowed by these constraints, the unitarity of the CKM matrix ($`1R_bR_t1+R_b`$) and the size of the $`B_s^0\overline{B}_s^0`$ mixing. In the latter case $`R_t`$ can be determined by measuring $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$ and using

$$R_t=0.82\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}\sqrt{\frac{(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_d}{0.47/\mathrm{ps}}},\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}=\xi \sqrt{\frac{14.6/\mathrm{ps}}{(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s}},\xi =\frac{F_{B_s}\sqrt{\widehat{B}_{B_s}}}{F_{B_d}\sqrt{\widehat{B}_{B_d}}}.$$
(18)
The existing lower bound on $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$ implies an upper bound on $`R_t`$ that is much stronger than the unitarity bound $`R_t1+R_b`$. Using the values of the parameters in table 1 we find $`R_t^{\mathrm{max}}=1.03`$. This bound eliminates the solutions with $`\gamma 90^{}`$. The range for $`F_{tt}`$ consistent with (11), (18) and $`1R_bR_t`$ is then given by

$$\left[\frac{1.26R_0}{AR_t^{\mathrm{max}}}\right]^2F_{tt}\left[\frac{1.26R_0}{A(1R_b)}\right]^2.$$
(19)
In practice the range for $`F_{tt}`$ consistent also with (10) is smaller than given in (19) as the upper limit in (19) corresponds to $`\overline{\eta }=0`$.

Before presenting our numerical results we would like to recall that the weak sensitivity of $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ extracted from $`\epsilon `$ and $`B_d^0\overline{B}_d^0`$ mixing within the SM to the value of the top quark mass has been stressed long time ago by Rosner . The analytic formula for $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ in (15), exhibiting this feature, has been presented in . Recently the weak dependence of $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ on new physics contributions in a number of SUGRA models belonging to the class of MFV models has been emphasized by Ali and London . The formula (15), together with the range $`0f0.75`$ considered in , gives the explanation of their findings.

In the MSSM without any ”SUGRA-constraints” the range $`0f1.13`$ is still allowed . Moreover, it is conceivable that MFV models can be constructed for which $`F_{tt}`$ or $`f`$ are very different from those considered in  and . In fact the bounds in (19) together with the values in table 1 give $`1.3F_{tt}15.3`$, or equivalently $`0.4f5.5`$. In spite of this, our numerical analysis below demonstrates that $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ exhibits a rather moderate dependence on $`F_{tt}`$ in the full range allowed by (10), (11) and (19) and that an absolute non-trivial lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ exists in the MFV models.

## 3 Numerical Analysis

In our numerical analysis we have used the standard parametrization of the CKM matrix  which is slightly more accurate than the improved Wolfenstein parametrization of . In table 1, we list two ranges for the relevant input parameters corresponding to the present uncertainties and possible future reduced uncertainties. The relevant references to table 1 can be found in . The value of the running current top quark mass $`m_\mathrm{t}`$ defined at $`\mu =m_\mathrm{t}^{Pole}`$ is given here for completeness in order to allow the translation from $`F_{tt}`$ to $`f`$. With $`m_\mathrm{t}=165\pm 5\mathrm{GeV}`$ one has

$$F_{tt}^{\mathrm{SM}}=S_0(m_\mathrm{t})=2.35\pm 0.11.$$
(20)
We prefer to use $`F_{tt}`$ instead of $`f`$ as the small error on $`m_\mathrm{t}`$ can then be taken automatically into account. We are aware of the fact that other authors would possibly use slightly different ranges for the input parameters. Still, table 1 is representative for the present situation.

Finally, although $`|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|`$ does not enter the formulae (10), (11) and (15) explicitly, its value enters our analysis in the same manner as in the standard analysis of the unitarity triangle . See for instance (17) and (19).

In fig. 2 we show $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ as a function of $`F_{tt}`$ for the two choices of uncertainties in the input parameters given in table 1. To this end we have scanned independently all the input parameters within the ranges of this table. We observe that the dependence of $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ on $`F_{tt}`$ is rather weak. For $`F_{tt}13.5(7.8)`$ in the case of the present (future) scanning there are no solutions for $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ in the ranges of the parameters considered. The absolut lower bound for $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ is found to be

$$(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}=\{\begin{array}{cc}0.34\hfill & \mathrm{Present},\hfill \\ 0.48\hfill & \mathrm{Future}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(21)
We would like to emphasize that these bounds should be considered as conservative. After all they have been obtained by scanning independently all parameters in question. Had we used the error analysis of , the bounds in (21) would have been considerably stronger.

From fig. 2 one can extract the lower bounds for particular MFV models by setting $`F_{tt}`$ to the appropriate values. A number of supersymmetric MFV models has been reviewed by Ali and London , where references to the original literature can be found. Using the results of  we find as characteristic values $`F_{tt}=3.0`$, $`F_{tt}=3.4`$, $`F_{tt}=4.3`$ for minimal SUGRA models, non-minimal SUGRA models and non-SUGRA models with EDM constraints respectively. Setting in addition $`F_{tt}=2.46`$ and $`F_{tt}=5.2`$ for the SM and the MSSM version of  respectively, we obtain

$$(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}=\{\begin{array}{cc}0.57(0.64)\hfill & \mathrm{SM},\hfill \\ 0.53(0.62)\hfill & \mathrm{MSUGRA},\hfill \\ 0.50(0.59)\hfill & \mathrm{NMSUGRA},\hfill \\ 0.44(0.54)\hfill & \mathrm{NSUGRA},\hfill \\ 0.40(0.49)\hfill & \mathrm{MSSM}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(22)
The numbers in parentheses correspond to the future ranges of the input parameters. Our results for the models analyzed in  are compatible with the ranges for $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ presented there. We observe that the present $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ in the NSUGRA models and in the MSSM are in the ball park of the grand average in (2).

The anatomy of the bound is given in table 2, where we show $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ as a function of $`\widehat{B}_K`$ and $`|V_{cb}|`$ with all the remaining parameters scanned within the present and future ranges. There is no solution for the set of parameters corresponding to the last entry in table 2. The numbers in parentheses are discussed below. On the basis of this table and additional numerical analysis we find the following features in accordance with (15):

* $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ decreases with increasing $`\widehat{B}_K`$ and $`|V_{cb}|`$ and decreasing $`|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|`$ and $`F_{B_d}\sqrt{\widehat{B}_d}`$.
* In the ranges considered, the dependence of $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ on $`\widehat{B}_K`$, $`|V_{cb}|`$ and $`F_{B_d}\sqrt{\widehat{B}_d}`$ is stronger than on $`|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|`$. This is evident from (15) in which $`|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|`$ is not explicitly present but affects the bound only through the value of $`\overline{\eta }`$ in the sub-leading term and through its impact on the allowed ranges of the remaining parameters.
* One can check that the dependence of $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ on $`\widehat{B}_K`$ and $`A`$ can be approximately given by a single variable $`\tau =A^2\widehat{B}_K`$. This is clear from (15). The observed small departure from this regularity is caused by the correlations between various parameters as discussed below equation (16).

Next we would like to emphasize that the measurement of $`B_s^0\overline{B}_s^0`$ mixing may significantly improve the lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ considered here. Measuring $`R_t`$ by means of (18) could provide a lower bound on $`R_t`$ in addition to the known upper bound. This in turn would exclude high values of $`F_{tt}`$ as seen in (11). The numbers in the parentheses in table 2 show the impact of the $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$ measurement with $`\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}1.0`$, or equivalently $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s19.6/\mathrm{ps}`$ for $`\xi =1.16`$. We observe that the impact of the measurement of $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$ is very large, in particular in the case of the present scenario. The values $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta 0.55`$ are excluded. With increasing $`\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}`$ the impact becomes stronger. It is weaker for smaller $`\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}`$, but even for $`\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}=0.90`$, $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta 0.41`$ and $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta 0.51`$ are excluded in the present and future scenario respectively.

We note that the previously found dependence of $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ on $`\widehat{B}_K`$ and $`|V_{cb}|`$ is strongly affected by the lower bound on $`R_t`$. In particular the dependence on $`\widehat{B}_K`$ is negligible. This is related to the fact that with $`\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}1.0`$, $`R_t`$ is confined to $`0.82R_t1.03`$ and $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ is governed by the values of $`R_t`$ and $`R_b`$. With decreasing $`\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}`$ the $`\widehat{B}_K`$ dependence becomes again visible.

One remark on the $`\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}`$ dependence is in order. As we have seen $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ increases with increasing $`\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}`$. This feature is valid only for $`\gamma `$ in the first quadrant. For $`\gamma `$ in the second quadrant $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ decreases with increasing $`\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}`$, as already noticed in .

Finally we would like to point out that the absolute lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ implies within the MFV models an absolute lower bound on the angle $`\gamma `$. We find

$$(\mathrm{sin}\gamma )_{\mathrm{min}}=\{\begin{array}{cc}0.24\hfill & \mathrm{Present},\hfill \\ 0.39\hfill & \mathrm{Future},\hfill \end{array}$$
(23)
with $`\gamma `$ in the first quadrant. The second quadrant in the MFV models is excluded through the lower bound on $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$.

In analogy to (22) we find

$$(\mathrm{sin}\gamma )_{\mathrm{min}}=\{\begin{array}{cc}0.68(0.82)\hfill & \mathrm{SM},\hfill \\ 0.58(0.70)\hfill & \mathrm{MSUGRA},\hfill \\ 0.53(0.63)\hfill & \mathrm{NMSUGRA},\hfill \\ 0.46(0.54)\hfill & \mathrm{NSUGRA},\hfill \\ 0.40(0.47)\hfill & \mathrm{MSSM}.\hfill \end{array}$$
(24)
The anatomy of $`(\mathrm{sin}\gamma )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ is given in table 3. As in the case of $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ the impact of the measurement of $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$ is very significant.

## 4 Conclusions

We have pointed out that there exists an absolute lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ in the MFV models, that do not have any new operators beyond those present in the Standard Model and in which all flavour changing transitions are governed by the CKM matrix with no new phases beyond the KM phase. This bound depends only on $`|V_{cb}|`$, $`|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|`$ and the non-perturbative parameters $`\widehat{B}_K`$, $`F_{B_d}\sqrt{\widehat{B}_d}`$ and $`\xi `$ relevant for the CP-violating parameter $`\epsilon `$ and the $`B_{d,s}^0\overline{B}_{d,s}^0`$ mixings. The present ranges of these parameters imply $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta 0.34`$.

We have illustrated how the lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ could become stronger when our knowledge of the input parameters in question improves and when the upper bound on $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$ will be experimentally known. In particular, if the upper bounds on $`\widehat{B}_K`$ and $`|V_{cb}|`$ and lower bounds on $`|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|`$, $`F_{B_d}\sqrt{\widehat{B}_d}`$ and $`\xi _{\mathrm{eff}}`$ in (18) will be improved, $`(\mathrm{sin}2\beta )_{\mathrm{min}}`$ will be shifted above 0.5. Consequently, provided the future accurate measurements of $`a_{\psi K_S}`$ will confirm the low values reported by BaBar and Belle, there is a likely possibility that all MFV models will be excluded. This would firmly imply the necessity of new CP-violating phases and/or new effective operators in the weak effective Hamiltonians for $`K^0\overline{K}^0`$ and $`B_{d,s}^0\overline{B}_{d,s}^0`$ mixings.

We have also pointed out that the lower bound on $`\mathrm{sin}2\beta `$ implies within the MFV models an absolute lower bound on the angle $`\gamma `$. This provides an additional test of the MFV models once precise measurements of $`\gamma `$ will be available.

Clearly other measurements, in particular those of the rare decay branching ratios and various CP asymmetries, will have an additional impact on the analysis presented here, but this is a different story. For a very recent review see .

It will be exciting to watch the experimental progress in the values of $`a_{\psi K_S}`$ and $`(\mathrm{\Delta }M)_s`$ and the theoretical progress on $`\widehat{B}_K`$, $`|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|`$, $`F_{B_d}\sqrt{\widehat{B}_d}`$ and $`\xi `$. Possibly we will know already next summer that new CP violating phases and/or new operators in the effective weak Hamiltonians are mandatory.

We would like to thank Martin Gorbahn for useful discussions and critical comments on the manuscript. This work has been supported in part by the German Bundesministerium für Bildung and Forschung under the contract 05HT9WOA0 and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant No. SFB 375.


format: text

text:
# Finite 𝑋𝑋𝑍 critical chain with double boundaries

## 1 Introduction

The $`XXZ`$ chain is a fundamental model in understanding of the integrable systems. Many attentions have been paid to the $`XXZ`$ integrable systems . The purpose of this paper is to derive correlation functions for finite $`XXZ`$ chain with double boundaries at critical regime $`1<\mathrm{\Delta }<1`$, by means of the free field approach.

In the earlier works  the $`XXZ`$ chain with a boundary was considered at massive regime $`\mathrm{\Delta }<1`$, in the framework of the free field approach. The integral representations of the correlation functions were derived. It was shown that boundary quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations with the certain shift, governed the correlation functions. The $`U_q(\widehat{sl_n})`$-generalization of the papers on the $`XXZ`$ chain  was given in . In the paper  results for finite $`XXZ`$ chain at massive regime $`\mathrm{\Delta }<1`$ were extended to critical regime $`1<\mathrm{\Delta }<1`$, using bosonizations of vertex operators .

Y.Fujii and M.Wadati  noticed that solutions of boundary quantm Knizhnik- Zamolodchikov equations without shift became eigenstates of finite $`XXZ`$ chain with double boundaries. They constructed eigenstates of finite $`XXZ`$ chain with double boundaries at massive regime $`\mathrm{\Delta }<1`$, by means of the free field approach. In the present paper we shall study finite $`XXZ`$ chain with double boundaries at critical regime $`1<\mathrm{\Delta }<1`$. We shall derive the correlation functions as integrals of meromorphic functions involving Multi-Gamma functions.

Now a few words about organiozation of this paper. In section 2 we formulate the problem. In section 3 we construct the realizations of eigenstates. In section 4 we derive integral representations for the correlation functions. In Appendix A we summarized the bosonizations of the vertex operators . In Appendix B we summarized the Multi-Gamma functions.

## 2 Boundary quantum KZ-equation

In 1984 I.V.Cherdnik  proposed the following systems of difference equations, now called boundary quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations.

$`F(\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _j+i\lambda ,\mathrm{},\beta _N)`$ (2.1)
$`=`$ $`T_j(\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N|\lambda )F(\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _j,\mathrm{},\beta _N),(j=1,\mathrm{},N),`$
where the shift operator $`T_j(\beta _1\mathrm{}\beta _N|\lambda )`$ is given by

$`T_j(\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N|\lambda )`$ $`=`$ $`R_{j,j1}(\beta _j\beta _{j1}+i\lambda )\mathrm{}R_{j,1}(\beta _j\beta _1+i\lambda )\overline{K}_j(\beta _j)`$ (2.2)
$`\times `$ $`R_{1,j}(\beta _1+\beta _j)\mathrm{}R_{j1,j}(\beta _{j1}+\beta _j)R_{j+1,j}(\beta _{j+1}+\beta _j)\mathrm{}R_{N,j}(\beta _N+\beta _j)`$
$`\times `$ $`K_j(\beta _j)R_{j,N}(\beta _j\beta _N)\mathrm{}R_{j,j+1}(\beta _j\beta _{j+1}).`$
The $`R`$-matrix $`R(\beta )`$ and the boundary $`K`$-matrix $`K(\beta ),\overline{K}(\beta )`$ are specified later. The solutions of the boundary quantum KZ equations represent various physical quantities. For the case of the shift parameter $`\lambda =2\pi `$, the certain solutions of the quantum KZ equations represents $`N`$-point correlation functions for the massless $`XXZ`$ chain with a boundary , which is described by the following Hamiltonian :

$`={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle \underset{n=1}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}\left(\sigma _{n+1}^x\sigma _n^x+\sigma _{n+1}^y\sigma _n^y+\mathrm{\Delta }\sigma _{n+1}^z\sigma _n^z\right)+h\sigma _1^z,`$ (2.3)
where we set a parameter $`1<\mathrm{\Delta }<1`$ and a parameter $`h`$ represents the boundary external field. The $`\sigma _n^x,\sigma _n^y`$ and $`\sigma _n^z`$ stand for the Pauli matrices acting on the $`n`$-th site of the half Infinite spin chain : $`\mathrm{}^2^2^2`$. The author  derived the integrale representations of the correlation functions for the above model.
In the present paper we shall consider the case of the shift parameter $`\lambda =0`$. In this case the solution of the boundary quantum KZ equation (2.1) represents the eigenvector of finite $`XXZ`$ chain with double boundaries at critical regime $`1<\mathrm{\Delta }<1`$. The Hamiltonian $`_F`$ of our considering model is given by

$`_F={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle \underset{n=1}{\overset{N1}{}}}\left(\sigma _{n+1}^x\sigma _n^x+\sigma _{n+1}^y\sigma _n^y+\mathrm{\Delta }\sigma _{n+1}^z\sigma _n^z\right)+h_1\sigma _1^z+h_N\sigma _N^z,`$ (2.4)
where we set a parameter $`1<\mathrm{\Delta }<1`$. Parameters $`h_1,h_N`$ represent the boundary external fields. The $`\sigma _n^x,\sigma _n^y`$ and $`\sigma _n^z`$ stand for the Pauli matrices acting on the $`n`$-th site of the Finite spin chain : $`\left(^2\right)^N`$.

Let us set the $`R`$-matrix as

$`R(\beta )=r(\beta )\left(\begin{array}{cccc}1& & & \\ & b(\beta )& c(\beta )& \\ & c(\beta )& b(\beta )& \\ & & & 1\end{array}\right),`$ (2.9)
where we set the components as

$`b(\beta )={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\beta }{\xi +1}}\right)}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\beta +\pi i}{\xi +1}}\right)}},c(\beta )={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{\xi +1}}\right)}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\beta +\pi i}{\xi +1}}\right)}}.`$ (2.10)
Here we set

$`r(\beta )={\displaystyle \frac{S_2(i\beta |2\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))S_2(i\beta +\pi |2\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))}{S_2(i\beta |2\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))S_2(i\beta +\pi |2\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))}},`$ (2.11)
where $`S_2(\beta |\omega _1\omega _2)`$ is the double sine function defined in Appendix B.
Let $`\{v_+,v_{}\}`$ denote the natural basis of $`V=^2`$. When viewed as an operator on $`VV`$, the matrix elements of $`R(\beta )`$ are defined by

$`R(\beta )v_{k_1}v_{k_2}={\displaystyle \underset{j_1,j_2=\pm }{}}v_{j_1}v_{j_2}R(\beta )_{j_1j_2}^{k_1k_2}.`$ (2.12)
The $`R`$-matrix satisfies the Yang-Baxter equation :

$`R_{12}(\beta _1\beta _2)R_{13}(\beta _1\beta _3)R_{23}(\beta _2\beta _3)=R_{23}(\beta _2\beta _3)R_{13}(\beta _1\beta _3)R_{12}(\beta _1\beta _2).`$ (2.13)
The normalization factor $`r_0(\beta )`$ is so chosen that the unitarity and crossing relations are

$`R_{12}(\beta )R_{21}(\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`id,`$ (2.14)
$`R(\beta )_{j_1j_2}^{k_1k_2}`$ $`=`$ $`R(\beta \pi i)_{k_2j_1}^{j_2k_1}.`$ (2.15)
Let us set the boundary $`K`$-matrix $`K(\beta )`$ by

$`K(\beta )=k(\beta )\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\nu +\beta }{\xi +1}}\right)}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\nu \beta }{\xi +1}}\right)}\end{array}\right),`$ (2.18)
where the normalization factor is given by

$`k(\beta )=k_0(\beta )k_1(\beta ),`$ (2.19)
where

$`k_0(\beta )={\displaystyle \frac{S_2(2i\beta +4\pi |4\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))S_2(2i\beta +3\pi |4\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))}{S_2(2i\beta +4\pi |4\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))S_2(2i\beta +3\pi |4\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))}},`$ (2.20)
$`k_1(\beta )={\displaystyle \frac{S_2(i\beta +i\nu +\pi |2\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))S_2(i\beta +i\nu +2\pi |2\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))}{S_2(i\beta +i\nu +\pi |2\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))S_2(i\beta +i\nu +2\pi |2\pi ,\pi (\xi +1))}}.`$ (2.21)
The matrix elements $`K(\beta )_j^k`$ are defined by

$`K(\beta )v_k={\displaystyle \underset{j=\pm }{}}v_jK(\beta )_j^k.`$ (2.22)
The $`R`$-matrix and the $`K`$-matrix satisfy the Boundary Yang-Baxter equation.

$`K_2(\beta _2)R_{21}(\beta _1+\beta _2)K_1(\beta _1)R_{12}(\beta _1\beta _2)=R_{21}(\beta _1\beta _2)K_1(\beta _1)R_{12}(\beta _1+\beta _2)K_2(\beta _2).`$ (2.23)
The normalization factor $`k(\beta )`$ is so chosen that the boundary unitarity and the boundary crossing relations are

$`K(\beta )K(\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`id,`$ (2.24)
$`K\left(\beta +{\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{2}}\right)_j^j`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{k=\pm }{}}R(2\beta )_{k,k}^{j,j}K\left(\beta +{\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{2}}\right)_k^k.`$ (2.25)
Let us set the boundary $`K`$-matrix $`\overline{K}(\beta )`$ by

$`\overline{K}(\beta )=K(\beta )|_{\mu \nu }.`$ (2.26)
Note. For the another shift parameter $`\lambda =2\pi `$ case, we take another choice of the $`K`$-matrix $`\overline{K}(\beta )`$. See the reference .

The derivatives of $`R`$-matrix and $`K`$-matrix are given by

$`{\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta }}R_{j,j+1}(\beta )P_{j,j+1}|_{\beta =0}`$ (2.27)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\times {\displaystyle \frac{1}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{\xi +1}}\right)}}\left(\sigma _j^x\sigma _{j+1}^x+\sigma _j^y\sigma _{j+1}^y+\mathrm{\Delta }\sigma _j^z\sigma _{j+1}^z\right)+const.`$
$`{\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta }}K_j(\beta )|_{\beta =0}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{\xi +1}}\times {\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{ch}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\nu }{\xi +1}}\right)}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\nu }{\xi +1}}\right)}}\sigma _j^z+const.`$ (2.28)
Here the anisotropic parameter $`\mathrm{\Delta }=\mathrm{cos}\left(\frac{\pi }{\xi +1}\right)`$.
Therefore the shift operator $`T_j(\beta _1\mathrm{}\beta _N|0)`$ is related to the Hamiltonian $`_F`$ (2.4) as following.

$`\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{\xi +1}}\right)\times {\displaystyle \frac{\xi +1}{2}}\times \left({\displaystyle \frac{}{\beta _j}}T_j\right)(0,\mathrm{},0|0)=_F+const.`$ (2.29)
Here the boundary magnetic fields $`h_1,h_N`$ are related with parameters $`\mu ,\nu `$,

$`h_1={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\times \mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{\xi +1}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{ch}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\nu }{\xi +1}}\right)}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\nu }{\xi +1}}\right)}},h_N={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\times \mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{\xi +1}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{ch}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\mu }{\xi +1}}\right)}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\mu }{\xi +1}}\right)}}.`$ (2.30)
We have

$`T_j(0,\mathrm{},0|0)=id.`$ (2.31)
Let us set the eigenvector $`|\beta _1\mathrm{}\beta _N`$ by

$`T_j(\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N|0)|\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N=|\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N.`$ (2.32)
Let us set the dual eigenvector by

$`\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N|T_j(\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N|0)=\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N|.`$ (2.33)
The above eigenvectors satisfy the followings.

$`_F|0,\mathrm{},0=Const.|0,\mathrm{},0,0,\mathrm{},0|_F=Const.0,\mathrm{},0|.`$ (2.34)
In the next section we shall construct the eigenvector $`|\beta _1\mathrm{}\beta _N`$ explicitly.

## 3 Eigenvectors

In this section we solve following eigenvector problem.

$`𝒯_j(\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N|0)|\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N=|\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N.`$ (3.1)
The eigenvector is realized by using the vertex operators $`\mathrm{\Phi }_j(\beta )`$.

$`|\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N={\displaystyle \frac{1}{G|G}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ_1\mathrm{}ϵ_N=\pm }{}}G|\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_1}(\beta _1)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_N}(\beta _N)|G(v_{ϵ_1}\mathrm{}v_{ϵ_N}).`$ (3.2)
Here the vector $`|G`$ and the dual vector $`G|`$ are characterized by the following relations.

$`G|\mathrm{\Phi }_j(\beta )=\overline{K}(\beta )_j^jG|\mathrm{\Phi }_j(\beta ),(j=\pm ),`$ (3.3)
$`\mathrm{\Phi }_j(\beta )|G=K(\beta )_j^j\mathrm{\Phi }_j(\beta )|G,(j=\pm ),`$ (3.4)
We call the auxiliary states $`G|`$ and $`|G`$ “quasi-boundary state”. Using the following commutation relation of the vertex operator and the characterizing relations (3.3, 3.4) of the quasi-boundary state, we have the equation (3.1).

$`\mathrm{\Phi }_{j_1}(\beta _1)\mathrm{\Phi }_{j_2}(\beta _2)={\displaystyle \underset{k_1,k_2=\pm }{}}R(\beta _1\beta _2)_{j_1,j_2}^{k_1,k_2}\mathrm{\Phi }_{k_2}(\beta _2)\mathrm{\Phi }_{k_1}(\beta _1).`$ (3.5)
We give the free field realization of the quasi-boundary state.
Let us introduce the free bosons $`b(t),(t)`$ by

$`[b(t),b(t^{})]={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi t}{2}}\right)\mathrm{sh}(\pi t)\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi t\xi }{2}}\right)}{t\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi t(\xi +1)}{2}}\right)}}\delta (t+t^{}).`$ (3.6)
Let us set the Fock space $``$ generated by the vacuum vector $`vac|`$ which satisfies

$`vac|b(t)=0,\mathrm{if}t>0.`$ (3.7)
The quasi-boundary state $`G|`$ is realized as followings.

$`G|=vac|e^G,`$ (3.8)
Here we have set

$`G={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{G_2(t|\mu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)^2𝑑t+{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{G_1(t|\mu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)𝑑t,`$ (3.9)
where

$`G_2(t|\mu )=1,`$ (3.10)
$`G_1(t|\mu )={\displaystyle \frac{1}{t}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{2}}t\right)\mathrm{sh}\left((i\mu +{\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{2}}\xi )t\right)}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{2}}(\xi +1)t\right)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{t}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{4}}t\right)\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{2}}t\right)\mathrm{ch}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{4}}\xi t\right)}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{4}}(\xi +1)t\right)}}.`$ (3.11)
Let us prove the relation (3.3). In what follows we use the abberiviations.

$`U_+(\beta )=\mathrm{exp}\left({\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{b(t)}{\mathrm{sh}\pi t}}e^{i\beta t}𝑑t\right),U_{}(\beta )=\mathrm{exp}\left({\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{b(t)}{\mathrm{sh}\pi t}}e^{i\beta t}𝑑t\right),`$ (3.12)
$`\overline{U}_+(\alpha )=\mathrm{exp}\left({\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{b(t)}{\mathrm{sh}\frac{\pi }{2}t}}e^{i\alpha t}𝑑t\right),\overline{U}_{}(\alpha )=\mathrm{exp}\left({\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{b(t)}{\mathrm{sh}\frac{\pi }{2}t}}e^{i\alpha t}𝑑t\right).`$ (3.13)
In what follows we omit non-essential constant factors.
At first we explain the formulas of the form

$`X(\beta _1)Y(\beta _2)=C_{XY}(\beta _1\beta _2):X(\beta _1)X(\beta _2):,`$ (3.14)
where $`X,Y=U_j`$, and $`C_{XY}(\beta )`$ is a meromorphic function on $``$. These formulae follow from the commutation relation of the free bosons. When we compute the contraction of the basic operators, we often encounter an integral

$`{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}F(t)𝑑t,`$ (3.15)
which is divergent at $`t=0`$. Here we adopt the following prescription for regularization : it should be understood as the countour integral,

$`{\displaystyle _C}F(t){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{log}(t)}{2\pi i}}𝑑t,`$ (3.16)
where the countour $`C`$ is given by

The actions of the basic oprtaors on quasi-boundary state $`G|`$ are evaluated as followings.

$`G|U_{}(\beta )=Const.m(\beta )G|U_+(\beta ),`$ (3.17)
$`G|\overline{U}_{}(\alpha )=Const.J(\alpha )G|\overline{U}_+(\alpha ).`$ (3.18)
Here we have set

$`m(\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2i\beta +4\pi |2\omega _1\omega _2)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2i\beta +\pi (\xi +1)|2\omega _1\omega _2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2i\beta +3\pi |2\omega _1\omega _2)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2i\beta +\pi (\xi +2)|2\omega _1\omega _2)}}`$ (3.19)
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(i\beta +i\mu +\pi |\omega _1\omega _2)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(i\beta i\mu +\pi (\xi +2)|\omega _1\omega _2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(i\beta +i\mu +2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(i\beta i\mu +\pi (\xi +1)|\omega _1\omega _2)}},`$
$`J(\alpha )`$ $`=`$ $`\alpha \times {\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i\mu +i\alpha }{\pi (\xi +1)}+1\frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i\mu +i\alpha }{\pi (\xi +1)}+\frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}\right)}}.`$ (3.20)
We have

$`G|\mathrm{\Phi }_+(\beta )=m(\beta )G|U_+(\beta )U_+(\beta ).`$ (3.21)
Because the function $`m(\beta )`$ satisfies

$`\overline{K}(\beta )_+^+={\displaystyle \frac{m(\beta )}{m(\beta )}},`$ (3.22)
we have proved the $`{}_{}{}^{\prime \prime }+_{}^{\prime \prime }`$-part of the characterizing relation (3.3).
We will prove the $`{}_{}{}^{\prime \prime }_{}^{\prime \prime }`$-part of the equation (3.3). Using the actions formulae of the basic operators on the quasi-boundary state, we have the following.

$`G|\mathrm{\Phi }_{}(\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`Const.m(\beta ){\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}𝑑\alpha \times \alpha \times {\displaystyle \underset{ϵ_1,ϵ_2=\pm }{}}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(ϵ_1\alpha +ϵ_2\beta )}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)`$ (3.23)
$`\times `$ $`\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\alpha +\beta }{\xi +1}}+{\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{2(\xi +1)}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i\mu +i\alpha }{\pi (\xi +1)}+1\frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i\mu +i\alpha }{\pi (\xi +1)}+\frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}\right)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`G|U_+(\beta )U_+(\beta )\overline{U}_+(\alpha )\overline{U}_+(\alpha ).`$
Note that the operator part of the above equation : $`G|U_{}(\beta )U_{}(\beta )\overline{U}_{}(\alpha )\overline{U}_{}(\alpha )`$ is invariant under the changes of variables : $`\alpha \alpha ,\beta \beta `$.
We have

$`m(\beta )^1\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\mu \beta }{\xi +1}}\right)G|\mathrm{\Phi }_{}(\beta )m(\beta )^1\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\mu +\beta }{\xi +1}}\right)G|\mathrm{\Phi }_{}(\beta )`$ (3.24)
$`=`$ $`Const.\times \mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{2\beta }{\xi +1}}\right){\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}d\alpha {\displaystyle \underset{ϵ_1,ϵ_2=\pm }{}}\mathrm{\Gamma }({\displaystyle \frac{i(ϵ_1\alpha +ϵ_2\beta )}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}})`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\mu +ϵ\alpha )}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+1{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)\times \alpha {\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\mu +ϵ\alpha }{\xi +1}}{\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)`$
$`\times `$ $`G|U_{}(\beta )U_{}(\beta )\overline{U}_{}(\alpha )\overline{U}_{}(\alpha ).`$
The integrand of (RHS) is anti-symmetric to a change of integral variable $`\alpha \alpha `$. It means the left-hand side becomes zero after taking integral. Therefore we get

$`m(\beta )\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\mu \beta }{\xi +1}}\right)G|\mathrm{\Phi }_{}(\beta )=m(\beta )\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\mu +\beta }{\xi +1}}\right)G|\mathrm{\Phi }_{}(\beta ).`$ (3.25)
We have proved the $`{}_{}{}^{\prime \prime }_{}^{\prime \prime }`$-part of the characterizing relation (3.3).
The quasi-boundary state $`|G`$ is given by the following.

$`|G=e^G|vac,`$ (3.26)
where

$`G^{}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{G_2^{}(t|\mu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)^2𝑑t+{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{G_1^{}(t|\mu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)𝑑t,`$ (3.27)
where

$`G_2^{}(t|\mu )=G_2(t|\mu ),G_1^{}(t|\mu )=G_1(t|\mu ).`$ (3.28)
As the same manner as the above we can prove the characterizing equations (3.4).

Note. When we consider the massless XXZ chain with a boundary . We introduce the boundary state $`|B`$ and the dual boundary state $`B|`$. Left quasi-boundary state $`G|`$ differes from the dual boundary state $`B|`$. Right quasi-boundary state $`|G`$ coincides with the boundary state $`|B`$. Physically the boundary state $`|B`$ of the paper  coresponds to the vacuum expectation value $`G|\mathrm{\Phi }(\beta _1)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }(\beta _N)|G`$ of the present paper. Both quantities $`|B`$ and $`G|\mathrm{\Phi }(\beta _1)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }(\beta _N)|G`$ represent an eigenvector of the Hamiltonian for each model.

Let us construct the dual stationary state,

$`\beta _1,\mathrm{}\beta _N|T_j(\beta _1,\mathrm{},\beta _N|0)=\beta _1,\mathrm{}\beta _N|.`$ (3.29)
The dual stationary state is realized by using the dual vertex operators $`\mathrm{\Phi }_j^{}(\beta )`$.

$`\beta _1,\mathrm{}\beta _N|={\displaystyle \frac{1}{F|F}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ_1,\mathrm{},ϵ_N=\pm }{}}F|\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_1}^{}(\beta _1)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_N}^{}(\beta _N)|F(v_{ϵ_1}^{}\mathrm{}v_{ϵ_N}^{}).`$ (3.30)
The dual vertex operators are related to the vertex operators,

$`\mathrm{\Phi }_j^{}(\beta )=\mathrm{\Phi }_j(\beta +\pi i),(j=\pm ).`$ (3.31)
The quasi-boundary state $`F|`$ and $`|F`$ are characterized by

$`F|\mathrm{\Phi }_j^{}(\beta )=K(\beta )_j^jF|\mathrm{\Phi }_j^{}(\beta ),(j=\pm ),`$ (3.32)
$`\mathrm{\Phi }_j^{}(\beta )|F=\overline{K}(\beta )_j^j\mathrm{\Phi }_j^{}(\beta )|F,(j=\pm ).`$ (3.33)
The quasi-boundary states $`F|`$ and $`|F`$ are realized as followings.

$`F|=vac|e^F,|F=e^F|vac.`$ (3.34)
Here we have set

$`F`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{F_2(t|\mu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)^2𝑑t+{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{F_1(t|\mu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)𝑑t,`$ (3.35)
$`F^{}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{F_2^{}(t|\nu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)^2𝑑t+{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{F_1^{}(t|\nu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)𝑑t,`$ (3.36)
where

$`F_2(t|\mu )`$ $`=`$ $`e^{2\pi t},`$ (3.37)
$`F_1(t|\mu )`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{e^{\pi t}}{t}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi t}{2}}\right)\mathrm{sh}\left((i\mu {\displaystyle \frac{\pi \xi }{2}}\pi )t\right)}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{2}}(\xi +1)t\right)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{e^{\pi t}}{t}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi t}{2}}\right)\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi t}{4}}\right)\mathrm{ch}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{4}}\xi t\right)}{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{4}}(\xi +1)t\right)}}.`$
$`F_2^{}(t|\nu )`$ $`=`$ $`e^{2\pi t},`$ (3.39)
$`F_1^{}(t|\nu )`$ $`=`$ $`e^{2\pi t}\times F_1(t|\nu ).`$ (3.40)
The characterizing relations are proved as the same manner. Here we omit details. Formally other eigenvectors are constructed by inserting the type-II vertex operators.

$`{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ_1\mathrm{}ϵ_N=\pm }{}}G|\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_1}(\beta _1)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_N}(\beta _N)\mathrm{\Psi }_{j_1}^{}(\xi _1)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Psi }_{j_M}^{}(\xi _M)|G(v_{ϵ_1}\mathrm{}v_{ϵ_N}).`$ (3.41)
## 4 Correlation Functions

In this section we calculate the vacuum expectation values of the type-I vertex operators, and obtain them as integrals of meromorphic functions involving Multi-Gamma functions. We compute the following $`2N`$-point function,

$`P_{ϵ_1^{},\mathrm{},ϵ_N^{};ϵ_N,\mathrm{},ϵ_1;\eta }(\{\beta _j^{}\};\{\beta _j\})`$ (4.1)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{F_\eta |\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_1^{}}(\beta _1^{})\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_N^{}}(\beta _N^{})|F_\eta }{F_\eta |F_\eta }}\times {\displaystyle \frac{G_\eta |\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_N}(\beta _N)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_1}(\beta _1)|G_\eta }{G_\eta |G_\eta }}.`$
Here we set the state $`G_\eta |,|G_\eta `$ and $`F_\eta |,|F_\eta `$ by

$`G_\eta |=vac|e^{G_\eta },|G_\eta =e^{G_\eta ^{}}|vac,`$ (4.2)
$`F_\eta |=vac|e^{F_\eta },|F_\eta =e^{F_\eta ^{}}|vac.`$ (4.3)
where

$`G_\eta `$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{e^{\eta t}G_2(t|\mu ))}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)^2𝑑t+{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{G_1(t|\mu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)𝑑t,`$ (4.4)
$`G_\eta ^{}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{e^{\eta t}G_2^{}(t|\mu ))}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)^2𝑑t+{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{G_1^{}(t|\mu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)𝑑t`$ (4.5)
$`F_\eta `$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{e^{\eta t}F_2(t|\nu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)^2𝑑t+{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{F_1(t|\nu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)𝑑t,`$ (4.6)
$`F_\eta ^{}`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{e^{\eta t}F_2^{}(t|\nu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)^2𝑑t+{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{F_1^{}(t|\nu )}{[b(t),b(t)]}}b(t)𝑑t.`$ (4.7)
We have

$`\underset{\eta 0}{lim}G_\eta |=G|,\underset{\eta 0}{lim}|G_\eta =|G,\underset{\eta 0}{lim}F_\eta |=F|,\underset{\eta 0}{lim}|F_\eta =|F.`$ (4.8)
First we compute the normal-ordering of the vertex operators.
Let us denote by $`A`$ the index set

$`A=\{a|ϵ_a=,1aN\}`$ (4.9)
We have the following expressions.

$`{\displaystyle \frac{G_\eta |\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_N}(\beta _N)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_1}(\beta _1)|G_\eta }{G_\eta |G_\eta }}`$ (4.10)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{1b_2<b_1N}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2\left(i(\beta _{b_2}\beta _{b_1})+2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2\left(i(\beta _{b_2}\beta _{b_1})+\pi (\xi +1)|\omega _1\omega _2\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2\left(i(\beta _{b_2}\beta _{b_1})+\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2\left(i(\beta _{b_2}\beta _{b_1})+\pi (\xi +2)|\omega _1\omega _2\right)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}𝑑\alpha _a{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha _a\beta _a)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\beta _a\alpha _a)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_2<a_1}{a_1,a_2A}}{}}\left\{(\alpha _{a_2}\alpha _{a_1}){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha _{a_2}\alpha _{a_1})}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+1{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\xi +1}}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha _{a_2}\alpha _{a_1})}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\xi +1}}\right)}}\right\}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a>b}{aA,1bN}}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\beta _b\alpha _a)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\beta _b\alpha _a)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+1{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)}}{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{b>a}{aA,1bN}}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha _a\beta _b)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha _a\beta _b)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+1{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`I_\eta (\{\beta _b\}|\{\alpha _a\}).`$
Let us denote by $`A^{}`$ the undex set

$`A^{}=\{a|ϵ_a^{}=+,1aN\}`$ (4.11)
We have the following expressions.

$`{\displaystyle \frac{F_\eta |\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_1}^{}(\beta _1^{}\pi i)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_N}(\beta _N^{}\pi i)|F_\eta }{F_\eta |F_\eta }}`$ (4.12)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{1b_1<b_2N}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2\left(i(\beta _{b_2}\beta _{b_1})+2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2\left(i(\beta _{b_2}\beta _{b_1})+\pi (\xi +1)|\omega _1\omega _2\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2\left(i(\beta _{b_2}\beta _{b_1})+\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2\left(i(\beta _{b_2}\beta _{b_1})+\pi (\xi +2)|\omega _1\omega _2\right)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA^{}}{}}{\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}𝑑\alpha _a{\displaystyle \underset{aA^{}}{}}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha _a\beta _a)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\beta _a\alpha _a)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_1<a_2}{a_1,a_2A^{}}}{}}\left\{(\alpha _{a_2}\alpha _{a_1}){\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha _{a_2}\alpha _{a_1})}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+1{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\xi +1}}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha _{a_2}\alpha _{a_1})}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\xi +1}}\right)}}\right\}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a<b}{aA^{},1bN}}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\beta _b\alpha _a)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\beta _b\alpha _a)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+1{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)}}{\displaystyle \underset{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{b<a}{aA^{},1bN}}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha _a\beta _b)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha _a\beta _b)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+1{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`I_\eta ^{}(\{\beta _b^{}\pi i\}|\{\alpha _a\}).`$
Here we have set

$`I_\eta (\{\beta _b\}|\{\alpha _a\})={\displaystyle \frac{G_\eta |\mathrm{exp}\left(_0^{\mathrm{}}X_A(t)b(t)𝑑t\right)\mathrm{exp}\left(_0^{\mathrm{}}Y_A(t)b(t)𝑑t\right)|G_\eta }{G_\eta |G_\eta }},`$ (4.13)
$`I_\eta ^{}(\{\beta _b^{}\pi i\}|\{\alpha _a^\})={\displaystyle \frac{F_\eta |\mathrm{exp}\left(_0^{\mathrm{}}X_A^{}(t)b(t)𝑑t\right)\mathrm{exp}\left(_0^{\mathrm{}}Y_A^{}(t)b(t)𝑑t\right)|F_\eta }{F_\eta |F_\eta }}.`$ (4.14)
with

$`X_A(t)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{e^{i\beta _bt}}{\mathrm{sh}(\pi t)}}{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{e^{i\alpha _at}}{\mathrm{sh}\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right)}},`$ (4.15)
$`Y_A(t)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{e^{i\beta _bt}}{\mathrm{sh}(\pi t)}}+{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \frac{e^{i\alpha _at}}{\mathrm{sh}\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right)}}.`$ (4.16)
We evaluate the quantities $`I_\eta (\{\beta _b\}|\{\alpha _a\}),I_\eta ^{}(\{\beta _b^{}\pi i\}|\{\alpha _a\})`$. Using the completeness relation of the coherent state , and performing the integral calculations, we have

$`I_\eta (\{\beta _b\}|\{\alpha _a\})`$
$`=`$ $`\mathrm{exp}({\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{1e^{2\eta t}}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right)\mathrm{sh}\left(\pi t\right)\mathrm{sh}\left(\frac{\pi \xi t}{2}\right)}{t\mathrm{sh}\left(\frac{\pi }{2}(\xi +1)t\right)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}e^{\eta t}X_A(t)^2+e^{2\eta t}X_A(t)Y_A(t){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}e^{\eta t}Y_A(t)^2\right)`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{1e^{2\eta t}}}\{(G_1(t|\mu )e^{\eta t}G_1^{}(t|\nu ))X_A(t)+(G_1^{}(t|\nu )e^{\eta t}G_1(t|\mu ))Y_A(t)\}dt).`$
and

$`I_\eta ^{}(\{\beta _b^{}\pi i\}|\{\alpha _a\})`$
$`=`$ $`\mathrm{exp}({\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{1e^{2\eta t}}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right)\mathrm{sh}\left(\pi t\right)\mathrm{sh}\left(\frac{\pi \xi t}{2}\right)}{t\mathrm{sh}\left(\frac{\pi }{2}(\xi +1)t\right)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}e^{\eta t2\pi t}X_A^{}(t)^2+e^{2\eta t}X_A^{}(t)Y_A^{}(t){\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}e^{\eta t+2\pi t}Y_A^{}(t)^2\right)`$
$`+`$ $`{\displaystyle _0^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{1e^{2\eta t}}}\{(F_1(t|\mu )e^{\eta t2\pi t}F_1^{}(t|\nu ))X_A^{}(t)+(F_1^{}(t|\nu )e^{\eta t+2\pi t}F_1(t|\mu ))Y_A^{}(t)\}dt).`$
In what follows we use the abberiviations :

$`\omega _1=2\pi ,\omega _2=\pi (\xi +1),\omega _3=2\eta ,\mu _+=\mu ,\mu _{}=\nu ,`$ (4.19)
The vacuum expectation value is evaluated as following.

$`I_\eta (\{\beta _b\}|\{\alpha _a\})=I_\eta ^\beta (\{\beta _b\})I_\eta ^{\beta \alpha }(\{\beta _b\}|\{\alpha _a\})I_\eta ^\alpha (\{\alpha _a\}).`$ (4.20)
Here we set

$`I_\eta ^\beta (\{\beta _b\})`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{S_3(2iϵ\beta _b+\pi +\eta |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}{S_3(2iϵ\beta _b+2\pi +\eta |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}}}{\displaystyle \underset{b_1<b_2}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}\beta _{b_2})+\pi |\omega _1\omega _2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}\beta _{b_2})+2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b_1<b_2}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{S_3(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}+\beta _{b_2})+\pi +\eta |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)S_3(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}\beta _{b_2})+\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}{S_3(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}+\beta _{b_2})+2\pi +\eta |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)S_3(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}\beta _{b_2})+2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b+i\mu _ϵ+\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _bi\mu _ϵ+\pi \xi +2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _bi\mu _ϵ+\pi \xi +\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b+i\mu _ϵ+2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b+\eta +i\mu _ϵ+\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b+\eta i\mu _ϵ+\pi \xi +2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b+\eta i\mu _ϵ+\pi \xi +\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b+\eta +i\mu _ϵ+2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+4\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+2\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+3\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+\pi \xi +\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+\pi \xi +4\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+\pi \xi +2\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+\pi \xi +3\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+2\eta +\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+2\eta +4\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+2\eta +2\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+2\eta +3\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+2\eta +\pi \xi +\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+2\eta +\pi \xi +4\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+2\eta +\pi \xi +2\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b+2\eta +\pi \xi +3\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}`$
$`I_\eta ^\alpha (\{\alpha _a\})`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{S_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+\eta |\omega _2\omega _3)}{S_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+\pi \xi +\eta |\omega _2\omega _3)}}}{\displaystyle \underset{a_1<a_2}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i(\alpha _{a_1}\alpha _{a_2})}{\pi (\xi +1)}+\frac{1}{\xi +1}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i(\alpha _{a_1}\alpha _{a_2})}{\pi (\xi +1)}+1\right)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{a_1<a_2}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{S_2(iϵ(\alpha _{a_1}+\alpha _{a_2})+\eta |\omega _2\omega _3)S_2(iϵ(\alpha _{a_1}\alpha _{a_2})+\pi |\omega _2\omega _3)}{S_2(iϵ(\alpha _{a_1}+\alpha _{a_2})+\pi \xi +\eta |\omega _2\omega _3)S_2(iϵ(\alpha _{a_1}\alpha _{a_2})+\pi (\xi +1)|\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ\alpha _a+\pi \xi +\frac{\pi }{2}i\mu _ϵ|\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ\alpha _a+\eta +\pi \xi +\frac{\pi }{2}i\mu _ϵ|\omega _2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ\alpha _a+\frac{\pi }{2}+i\mu _ϵ|\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ\alpha _a+\eta +\frac{\pi }{2}+i\mu _ϵ|\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+\pi |\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+\pi (\xi +1)|\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a|\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+\pi \xi |\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\eta +\pi |\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\eta +\pi (\xi +1)|\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\eta |\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\eta +\pi \xi |\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}.`$
$`I_\eta ^{\beta \alpha }(\{\beta _b\}|\{\alpha _a\})`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{S_2(i(\alpha _a+\beta _b)+\eta +\pi \xi +\frac{\pi }{2}|\omega _2\omega _3)}{S_2(i(\alpha _a+\beta _b)+\eta +\frac{\pi }{2}|\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\left\{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{iϵ(\alpha _a\beta _b)}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)S_2\left(iϵ(\alpha _a\beta _b)+{\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{2}}|\omega _2\omega _3\right)\right\}^1.`$
The vacuum expectation value is evaluated as following.

$`I_\eta ^{}(\{\beta _b^{}\pi i\}|\{\alpha _a\})=I_\eta ^\beta (\{\beta _b^{}\})I_\eta ^{\beta \alpha }(\{\beta _b^{}\}|\{\alpha _a\})I_\eta ^\alpha (\{\alpha _a\}).`$ (4.24)
Here we set

$`I_\eta ^\beta (\{\beta _b^{}\})`$ (4.25)
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{S_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+\pi +2\pi ϵ+\eta |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}{S_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi +2\pi ϵ+\eta |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}}}{\displaystyle \underset{b_1<b_2}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}^{}\beta _{b_2}^{})+\pi |\omega _1\omega _2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}^{}\beta _{b_2}^{})+2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b_1<b_2}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{S_3(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}^{}+\beta _{b_2}^{})+\pi +2\pi ϵ+\eta |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)S_3(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}^{}\beta _{b_2}^{})+\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}{S_3(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}^{}+\beta _{b_2}^{})+2\pi +2\pi ϵ+\eta |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)S_3(iϵ(\beta _{b_1}^{}\beta _{b_2}^{})+2\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b^{}i\mu _ϵ+\pi \xi +2\pi +\pi ϵ|\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b^{}+i\mu _ϵ+\pi ϵ+\pi |\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b^{}+i\mu _ϵ+\pi ϵ|\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b^{}i\mu _ϵ+\pi \xi +3\pi +\pi ϵ|\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b^{}i\mu _ϵ+\eta +\pi \xi +2\pi \pi ϵ|\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b^{}+\eta +i\mu _ϵ+\pi \pi ϵ|\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b^{}+i\mu _ϵ+\eta \pi ϵ|\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(iϵ\beta _b^{}i\mu _ϵ+\eta +\pi \xi +\pi \pi ϵ|\omega _1\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+4\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+2\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+3\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+\pi \xi +\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+\pi \xi +4\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+\pi \xi +2\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+\pi \xi +3\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +4\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +2\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +3\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +\pi \xi +\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +\pi \xi +2\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +\pi \xi +4\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(2iϵ\beta _b^{}+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +\pi \xi +3\pi |2\omega _1,\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}.`$
$`I_\eta ^{\beta \alpha }(\{\beta _b^{}\}|\{\alpha _a\})`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA^{}}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{S_2(i(\alpha _a+\beta _b^{})+\eta +\pi \xi \frac{3\pi }{2}|\omega _2\omega _3)}{S_2(i(\alpha _a+\beta _b^{})+\eta \frac{3\pi }{2}|\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA^{}}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{b=1}{\overset{N}{}}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\left\{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{iϵ(\alpha _a\beta _b^{})}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)S_2\left(iϵ(\alpha _a\beta _b^{})+{\displaystyle \frac{\pi }{2}}|\omega _2\omega _3\right)\right\}^1.`$
$`I_\eta ^\alpha (\{\alpha _a\})`$
$`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA^{}}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{S_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\pi ϵ+\eta |\omega _2\omega _3)}{S_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+\pi \xi +2\pi ϵ+\eta |\omega _2\omega _3)}}}{\displaystyle \underset{a_1<a_2}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i(\alpha _{a_1}\alpha _{a_2})}{\pi (\xi +1)}+\frac{1}{\xi +1}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i(\alpha _{a_1}\alpha _{a_2})}{\pi (\xi +1)}+1\right)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{a_1<a_2}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{S_2(iϵ(\alpha _{a_1}+\alpha _{a_2})+2\pi ϵ+\eta |\omega _2\omega _3)S_2(iϵ(\alpha _{a_1}\alpha _{a_2})+\pi |\omega _2\omega _3)}{S_2(iϵ(\alpha _{a_1}+\alpha _{a_2})+\pi \xi +2\pi ϵ+\eta |\omega _2\omega _3)S_2(iϵ(\alpha _{a_1}\alpha _{a_2})+\pi (\xi +1)|\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ\alpha _a+i\mu _ϵ\frac{\pi }{2}+\pi ϵ|\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ\alpha _a+\eta \frac{\pi }{2}\pi ϵ+i\mu _ϵ|\omega _2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ\alpha _ai\mu _ϵ+\pi \xi +\frac{\pi }{2}+\pi ϵ|\omega _2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(iϵ\alpha _a+\eta +\pi \xi +\frac{\pi }{2}\pi ϵi\mu _ϵ|\omega _2\omega _3)}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\pi ϵ+\pi |\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\pi ϵ+\pi (\xi +1)|\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\pi ϵ|\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\pi ϵ+\pi \xi |\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}`$
$`\times `$ $`{\displaystyle \underset{aA}{}}{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ=\pm }{}}\sqrt{{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +\pi |\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +\pi (\xi +1)|\omega _2,2\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\pi ϵ+2\eta |\omega _2,2\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(2iϵ\alpha _a+2\pi ϵ+2\eta +\pi \xi |\omega _2,2\omega _3)}}}.`$
The magnetization on a site $`m`$ is given by

$`\sigma _m^z={\displaystyle \frac{{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ_1,\mathrm{},ϵ_N=\pm }{}}ϵ_mP_{ϵ_1,\mathrm{},ϵ_N;ϵ_N,\mathrm{},ϵ_1;0}(\{0\}|\{0\})}{{\displaystyle \underset{ϵ_1,\mathrm{},ϵ_N=\pm }{}}P_{ϵ_1,\mathrm{},ϵ_N;ϵ_N,\mathrm{},ϵ_1;0}(\{0\}|\{0\})}}.`$ (4.28)
Note. In paper  the authors considered the following vacuum expectation value for finite XXZ chain with double boundaries at massive regime,

$`{\displaystyle \frac{vac|e^F\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_1^{}}(\zeta _1^{})\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_N^{}}(\zeta _N^{})e^F^{}e^G\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_N}(\zeta _N)\mathrm{}\mathrm{\Phi }_{ϵ_1}(\zeta _1)e^G^{}|vac}{vac|e^Fe^F^{}e^Ge^G^{}|vac}},`$
which is free from a difficulty of divergence. However it’s physical meaning is not clear.

Acknowledgements This work was partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for Encouragements for Young Scientists (A) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (11740099).

## Appendix A Vertex Operators

Here we summarize the bosonizations of the vertex operators .
Let us set free bosons $`b(t)(t)`$ which satisfy

$`[b(t),b(t^{})]={\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\pi t}{2}}\right)\mathrm{sh}(\pi t)\mathrm{sh}{\displaystyle \frac{\pi t\xi }{2}}}{t\mathrm{sh}{\displaystyle \frac{\pi t(\xi +1)}{2}}}}\delta (t+t^{}).`$ (A.1)
Let us set $`a(t)`$ by

$`b(t)\mathrm{sh}{\displaystyle \frac{\pi t(\xi +1)}{2}}=a(t)\mathrm{sh}{\displaystyle \frac{\pi t\xi }{2}}.`$ (A.2)
The bosonization of the type-I vertex operators is given by

$`\mathrm{\Phi }_+(\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`U(\beta ),`$ (A.3)
$`\mathrm{\Phi }_{}(\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle _{C_I}}𝑑\alpha :U(\beta )\overline{U}(\alpha ):`$ (A.4)
$`\times `$ $`\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha \beta )}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha \beta )}{\pi (\xi +1)}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}}\right),`$
where we have set

$`U(\alpha )=:\mathrm{exp}({\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{b(t)}{\mathrm{sh}\pi t}}e^{i\alpha t}dt):,\overline{U}(\alpha )=:\mathrm{exp}\left({\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{b(t)}{\mathrm{sh}\frac{\pi }{2}t}}e^{i\alpha t}dt\right):.`$ (A.5)
The bosonization of the type-II vertex operators is given by

$`\mathrm{\Psi }_+(\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`V(\beta ),`$ (A.6)
$`\mathrm{\Psi }_{}(\beta )`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle _{C_{II}}}𝑑\alpha :V(\beta )\overline{V}(\alpha ):`$ (A.7)
$`\times `$ $`\mathrm{\Gamma }({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha \beta )}{\pi \xi }}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\xi }})\mathrm{\Gamma }({\displaystyle \frac{i(\alpha \beta )}{\pi \xi }}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\xi }}),`$
where we have set

$`V(\alpha )=:exp\left({\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{a(t)}{\mathrm{sh}\pi t}}e^{i\alpha t}dt\right):,\overline{V}(\alpha )=:exp({\displaystyle _{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{a(t)}{\mathrm{sh}\frac{\pi }{2}t}}e^{i\alpha t}dt):.`$ (A.8)
Here the integration contours are chosen as follows. The contour $`C_I`$ is $`(\mathrm{},\mathrm{})`$. The poles

$`\alpha \beta ={\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{2}}+n\pi (\xi +1)i,(n)`$ (A.9)
of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i(\alpha \beta )}{\pi (\xi +1)}+\frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}\right)`$ are above $`C_I`$ and the poles

$`\alpha \beta ={\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{2}}n\pi (\xi +1)i,(n)`$ (A.10)
of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i(\alpha \beta )}{\pi (\xi +1)}+\frac{1}{2(\xi +1)}\right)`$ are below $`C_I`$. The contour $`C_{II}`$ is $`(\mathrm{},\mathrm{})`$ except that the poles

$`\alpha \beta ={\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{2}}+n\pi \xi i,(n)`$ (A.11)
of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i(\alpha \beta )}{\pi \xi }\frac{1}{2\xi }\right)`$ are above $`C_{II}`$ and the poles

$`\alpha \beta ={\displaystyle \frac{\pi i}{2}}n\pi \xi i,(n)`$ (A.12)
of $`\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{i(\alpha \beta )}{\pi \xi }\frac{1}{2\xi }\right)`$ are below $`C_{II}`$.

## Appendix B Multi Gamma functions

Here we summarize the multiple gamma and the multiple sine functions.
Let us set the functions $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_1(x|\omega ),\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(x|\omega _1,\omega _2)`$ and $`\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(x|\omega _1,\omega _2,\omega _3)`$ by

$`\mathrm{log}\mathrm{\Gamma }_1(x|\omega )+\gamma B_{11}(x|\omega )`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle _C}{\displaystyle \frac{dt}{2\pi it}}e^{xt}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{log}(t)}{1e^{\omega t}}},`$ (B.1)
$`\mathrm{log}\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(x|\omega _1,\omega _2){\displaystyle \frac{\gamma }{2}}B_{22}(x|\omega _1,\omega _2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle _C}{\displaystyle \frac{dt}{2\pi it}}e^{xt}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{log}(t)}{(1e^{\omega _1t})(1e^{\omega _2t})}},`$ (B.2)
$`\mathrm{log}\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(x|\omega _1,\omega _2,\omega _3)+{\displaystyle \frac{\gamma }{3!}}B_{33}(x|\omega _1,\omega _2,\omega _3)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle _C}{\displaystyle \frac{dt}{2\pi it}}e^{xt}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{log}(t)}{(1e^{\omega _1t})(1e^{\omega _2t})(1e^{\omega _3t})}},`$
where the functions $`B_{jj}(x)`$ are the multiple Bernoulli polynomials defined by

$`{\displaystyle \frac{t^re^{xt}}{_{j=1}^r(e^{\omega _jt}1)}}={\displaystyle \underset{n=0}{\overset{\mathrm{}}{}}}{\displaystyle \frac{t^n}{n!}}B_{r,n}(x|\omega _1\mathrm{}\omega _r),`$ (B.4)
more explicitly

$`B_{11}(x|\omega )`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{x}{\omega }}{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}},`$ (B.5)
$`B_{22}(x|\omega )`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{\omega _1\omega _2}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{\omega _1}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\omega _2}}\right)x+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}}\left({\displaystyle \frac{\omega _1}{\omega _2}}+{\displaystyle \frac{\omega _2}{\omega _1}}\right).`$ (B.6)
Here $`\gamma `$ is Euler’s constant, $`\gamma =lim_n\mathrm{}(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\mathrm{}+\frac{1}{n}\mathrm{log}n)`$.
Here the contor of integral is given by

Let us set

$`S_1(x|\omega )`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_1(\omega x|\omega )\mathrm{\Gamma }_1(x|\omega )}},`$ (B.7)
$`S_2(x|\omega _1,\omega _2)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(\omega _1+\omega _2x|\omega _1,\omega _2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(x|\omega _1,\omega _2)}},`$ (B.8)
$`S_3(x|\omega _1,\omega _2,\omega _3)`$ $`=`$ $`{\displaystyle \frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(\omega _1+\omega _2+\omega _3x|\omega _1,\omega _2,\omega _3)\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(x|\omega _1,\omega _2,\omega _3)}}`$ (B.9)
We have

$`\mathrm{\Gamma }_1(x|\omega )=e^{(\frac{x}{\omega }\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{log}\omega }{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(x/\omega )}{\sqrt{2\pi }}},S_1(x|\omega )=2\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(\pi x/\omega ),`$ (B.10)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(x+\omega _1|\omega _1,\omega _2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(x|\omega _1,\omega _2)}}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_1(x|\omega _2)}},{\displaystyle \frac{S_2(x+\omega _1|\omega _1,\omega _2)}{S_2(x|\omega _1,\omega _2)}}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{S_1(x|\omega _2)}},{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_1(x+\omega |\omega )}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_1(x|\omega )}}=x.`$ (B.11)
$`{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(x+\omega _1|\omega _1,\omega _2,\omega _3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_3(x|\omega _1,\omega _2,\omega _3)}}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }_2(x|\omega _2,\omega _3)}},{\displaystyle \frac{S_3(x+\omega _1|\omega _1,\omega _2,\omega _3)}{S_3(x|\omega _1,\omega _2,\omega _3)}}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{S_2(x|\omega _2,\omega _3)}}.`$ (B.12)
$`\mathrm{log}S_2(x|\omega _1\omega _2)={\displaystyle _C}{\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{sh}(x\frac{\omega _1+\omega _2}{2})t}{2\mathrm{s}\mathrm{h}\frac{\omega _1t}{2}\mathrm{sh}\frac{\omega _2t}{2}}}\mathrm{log}(t){\displaystyle \frac{dt}{2\pi it}},(0<\mathrm{Re}x<\omega _1+\omega _2).`$ (B.13)
$`S_2(x|\omega _1\omega _2)={\displaystyle \frac{2\pi }{\sqrt{\omega _1\omega _2}}}x+O(x^2),(x0).`$ (B.14)
$`S_2(x|\omega _1\omega _2)S_2(x|\omega _1\omega _2)=4\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\displaystyle \frac{\pi x}{\omega _1}}\mathrm{sin}{\displaystyle \frac{\pi x}{\omega _2}}.`$ (B.15)