


from __future__ import annotations

from collections import deque
from collections.abc import Sequence
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any


@dataclass
class 	A_ :




      '''simple docstring'''


      __snake_case 	=       42
      __snake_case 	=       None
      __snake_case 	=       None



def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  ):
 __lowerCamelCase		:							List[str]		 =						Node(1			)
 __lowerCamelCase		:							Any		 =						Node(2			)
 __lowerCamelCase		:							List[Any]		 =						Node(3			)
 __lowerCamelCase		:							Tuple		 =						Node(4			)
 __lowerCamelCase		:							Any		 =						Node(5			)
 return tree
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			):
 return [root.data, *preorder(root.left			), *preorder(root.right			)] if root else []
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			):
 return postorder(root.left			) + postorder(root.right			) + [root.data] if root else []
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			):
 return [*inorder(root.left			), root.data, *inorder(root.right			)] if root else []
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			):
 return (max(height(root.left			)      ,	height(root.right			)			) + 1) if root else 0
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			):
 __lowerCamelCase		:							list[Any]		 =						[]

 if root is None:
  return output

 __lowerCamelCase		:							Optional[int]		 =						deque([root]			)

 while process_queue:
  __lowerCamelCase		:							Optional[int]		 =						process_queue.popleft()
  output.append(node.data			)

  if node.left:
   process_queue.append(node.left			)
  if node.right:
   process_queue.append(node.right			)
 return output
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      ,	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			):
 __lowerCamelCase		:							list[Any]		 =						[]

 def populate_output(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      ,	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			) -> None:
  if not root:
   return
  if level == 1:
   output.append(root.data			)
  elif level > 1:
   populate_output(root.left      ,	level - 1			)
   populate_output(root.right      ,	level - 1			)

 populate_output(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      ,	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)
 return output
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      ,	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			):
 __lowerCamelCase		:							list[Any]		 =						[]

 def populate_output(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      ,	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			) -> None:
  if root is None:
   return
  if level == 1:
   output.append(root.data			)
  elif level > 1:
   populate_output(root.right      ,	level - 1			)
   populate_output(root.left      ,	level - 1			)

 populate_output(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      ,	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)
 return output
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			):
 if root is None:
  return []

 __lowerCamelCase		:							list[Sequence[Node | None]]		 =						[]

 __lowerCamelCase		:							Union[str, Any]		 =						0
 __lowerCamelCase		:							Tuple		 =						height(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)

 for h in range(1      ,	height_tree + 1			):
  if not flag:
   output.append(get_nodes_from_left_to_right(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      ,	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)			)
   __lowerCamelCase		:							List[str]		 =						1
  else:
   output.append(get_nodes_from_right_to_left(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      ,	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)			)
   __lowerCamelCase		:							Tuple		 =						0

 return output
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  ):  # Main function for testing.
 __lowerCamelCase		:							List[Any]		 =						make_tree()
 print(f'In-order Traversal: {inorder(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)}'			)
 print(f'Pre-order Traversal: {preorder(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)}'			)
 print(f'Post-order Traversal: {postorder(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)}'      ,	'\n'			)

 print(f'Height of Tree: {height(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)}'      ,	'\n'			)

 print('Complete Level Order Traversal: '			)
 print(level_order(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)      ,	'\n'			)

 print('Level-wise order Traversal: '			)

 for level in range(1      ,	height(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			) + 1			):
  print(f'Level {level}:'      ,	get_nodes_from_left_to_right(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      ,	level=SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)			)

 print('\nZigZag order Traversal: '			)
 print(zigzag(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			)			)


if __name__ == "__main__":
       import doctest

       doctest.testmod()
       main()





from __future__ import annotations
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__						):
 __lowerCamelCase		:							Optional[Any]		 =						0.00
 __lowerCamelCase		:							Tuple		 =						0
 for resistor in resistors:
  if resistor <= 0:
   __lowerCamelCase		:							Union[str, Any]		 =						f'Resistor at index {index} has a negative or zero value!'
   raise ValueError(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__						)
  first_sum += 1 / float(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__						)
  index += 1
 return 1 / first_sum
def 				UpperCamelCase__					(  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__						):
 __lowerCamelCase		:							Union[str, Any]		 =						0.00
 __lowerCamelCase		:							str		 =						0
 for resistor in resistors:
  sum_r += resistor
  if resistor < 0:
   __lowerCamelCase		:							Any		 =						f'Resistor at index {index} has a negative value!'
   raise ValueError(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__						)
  index += 1
 return sum_r


if __name__ == "__main__":
       import doctest

       doctest.testmod()

