





from collections.abc import Callable

import numpy as np




def _a (  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :  Callable			,				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :  float			,				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :  float			,				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :  float			,				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :  float       )	->    np.ndarray:

							'''simple docstring'''






							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       :      str     =						int(np.ceil((x_end - xa) / step_size       )       )
							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       :      str     =						np.zeros((n + 1,)       )
							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       :      str     =						ya
							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       :      List[str]     =						xa

							for k in range(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       ):
														SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       :      Tuple     =						y[k] + step_size * ode_func(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,				y[k]       )
														x += step_size

							return y


if __name__ == "__main__":
		import doctest

		doctest.testmod()













def _a (  SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :  str       )	->    str:

							'''simple docstring'''






							if not all(char in "01" for char in bin_string       ):
														raise ValueError("Non-binary value was passed to the function"       )
							if not bin_string:
														raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function"       )
							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       :      List[Any]     =						""
							while len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       ) % 3 != 0:
														SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       :      str     =						"0" + bin_string
							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       :      List[Any]     =						[
							    bin_string[index : index + 3]
							    for index in range(len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       )       )
							    if index % 3 == 0
							]
							for bin_group in bin_string_in_3_list:
														SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       :      List[Any]     =						0
														for index, val in enumerate(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       ):
																					oct_val += int(2 ** (2 - index) * int(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       )       )
														oct_string += str(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__       )
							return oct_string


if __name__ == "__main__":
		from doctest import testmod

		testmod()






