





import math






def 	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		(      SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		:int   )      ->   bool:
 return math.sqrt(_UpperCAmelCase   ) * math.sqrt(_UpperCAmelCase   ) == num






def 	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		(      SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		:Any   )      ->   bool:
 __lowerCAmelCase					:	Union[str, Any]      =       0
 __lowerCAmelCase					:	Any      =       n
 while left <= right:
  __lowerCAmelCase					:	Optional[Any]      =       (left + right) // 2
  if mid**2 == n:
   return True
  elif mid**2 > n:
   __lowerCAmelCase					:	List[str]      =       mid - 1
  else:
   __lowerCAmelCase					:	int      =       mid + 1
 return False


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()






def 	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		(      SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		:list[list[int | float]]   )      ->   int:
 __lowerCAmelCase					:	str      =       len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )
 __lowerCAmelCase					:	Optional[int]      =       len(matrix[0]   )
 __lowerCAmelCase					:	List[Any]      =       min(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )

 for row in range(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ):
  # Check if diagonal element is not zero
  if matrix[row][row] != 0:
   # Eliminate all the elements below the diagonal
   for col in range(row + 1   ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ):
    __lowerCAmelCase					:	Union[str, Any]      =       matrix[col][row] / matrix[row][row]
    for i in range(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ):
     matrix[col][i] -= multiplier * matrix[row][i]
  else:
   # Find a non-zero diagonal element to swap rows
   __lowerCAmelCase					:	Optional[int]      =       True
   for i in range(row + 1   ,   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ):
    if matrix[i][row] != 0:
     __lowerCAmelCase ,					__lowerCAmelCase					:	Union[str, Any]      =       matrix[i], matrix[row]
     __lowerCAmelCase					:	Union[str, Any]      =       False
     break
   if reduce:
    rank -= 1
    for i in range(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ):
     __lowerCAmelCase					:	int      =       matrix[i][rank]

            # Reduce the row pointer by one to stay on the same row
   row -= 1

 return rank


if __name__ == "__main__":
      import doctest

      doctest.testmod()