






def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							( __lowerCAmelCase      )			->     int:






     """simple docstring"""




     if not isinstance(__lowerCAmelCase ,   __lowerCAmelCase      ) or number < 0:
          raise ValueError("Input must be a non-negative integer"      )

     UpperCamelCase__      :       Any	    =  0
     while number:
          # This way we arrive at next set bit (next 1) instead of looping
          # through each bit and checking for 1s hence the
          # loop won't run 32 times it will only run the number of `1` times
          number &= number - 1
          count += 1
     return count


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()







from __future__ import annotations







def 		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							( __lowerCAmelCase ,   __lowerCAmelCase = None ,   __lowerCAmelCase = None      )			->     None:
     if start is None:
          UpperCamelCase__      :       Union[str, Any]	    =  0

     if end is None:
          UpperCamelCase__      :       List[Any]	    =  len(__lowerCAmelCase      ) - 1

     if start >= end:
          return

     UpperCamelCase__      :       Union[str, Any]	    =  (start + end) // 2

     slowsort(__lowerCAmelCase ,   __lowerCAmelCase ,   __lowerCAmelCase      )
     slowsort(__lowerCAmelCase ,   mid + 1 ,   __lowerCAmelCase      )

     if sequence[end] < sequence[mid]:
          UpperCamelCase__    ,					UpperCamelCase__      :       Optional[int]	    =  sequence[mid], sequence[end]

     slowsort(__lowerCAmelCase ,   __lowerCAmelCase ,   end - 1      )


if __name__ == "__main__":
 from doctest import testmod

 testmod()