






"""simple docstring"""


from copy import deepcopy






class 						snake_case  :





    def __init__(							self     : int    ,		A     : list[int] | None = None    ,		A     : int | None = None      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      if arr is None and size is not None:
        a					:      Optional[Any]    =       size
        a					:      List[str]    =       [0] * size
      elif arr is not None:
        self.init(A      )
      else:
        raise ValueError('Either arr or size must be specified'      )





    def     lowerCamelCase__				(							self     : Dict    ,		A     : list[int]      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      a					:      int    =       len(A      )
      a					:      Any    =       deepcopy(A      )
      for i in range(1    ,		self.size      ):
        a					:      Any    =       self.next_(A      )
        if j < self.size:
          self.tree[j] += self.tree[i]





    def     lowerCamelCase__				(							self     : Dict      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      a					:      Any    =       self.tree[:]
      for i in range(self.size - 1    ,		0    ,		-1      ):
        a					:      Optional[Any]    =       self.next_(A      )
        if j < self.size:
          arr[j] -= arr[i]
      return arr





    @staticmethod
    def     lowerCamelCase__				(							A     : int      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      return index + (index & (-index))





    @staticmethod
    def     lowerCamelCase__				(							A     : int      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      return index - (index & (-index))





    def     lowerCamelCase__				(							self     : Tuple    ,		A     : int    ,		A     : int      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      if index == 0:
        self.tree[0] += value
        return
      while index < self.size:
        self.tree[index] += value
        a					:      int    =       self.next_(A      )





    def     lowerCamelCase__				(							self     : int    ,		A     : int    ,		A     : int      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      self.add(A    ,		value - self.get(A      )      )





    def     lowerCamelCase__				(							self     : Dict    ,		A     : int      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      if right == 0:
        return 0
      a					:      Optional[Any]    =       self.tree[0]
      right -= 1  # make right inclusive
      while right > 0:
        result += self.tree[right]
        a					:      List[Any]    =       self.prev(A      )
      return result





    def     lowerCamelCase__				(							self     : Optional[Any]    ,		A     : int    ,		A     : int      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      return self.prefix(A      ) - self.prefix(A      )





    def     lowerCamelCase__				(							self     : List[str]    ,		A     : int      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      return self.query(A    ,		index + 1      )





    def     lowerCamelCase__				(							self     : Dict    ,		A     : int      ):


      '''simple docstring'''




      value -= self.tree[0]
      if value < 0:
        return -1

      a					:      Union[str, Any]    =       1  # Largest power of 2 <= size
      while j * 2 < self.size:
        j *= 2

      a					:      List[str]    =       0

      while j > 0:
        if i + j < self.size and self.tree[i + j] <= value:
          value -= self.tree[i + j]
          i += j
        j //= 2
      return i


if __name__ == "__main__":
   import doctest

   doctest.testmod()












"""simple docstring"""


def       snake_case  (A_				:str     ,      A_				:bool = False				):







  '''simple docstring'''

  if not isinstance(A_     ,      A_				):
    a					:      Union[str, Any]    =       f'''Expected string as input, found {type(A_				)}'''
    raise ValueError(A_				)
  if not isinstance(A_     ,      A_				):
    a					:      Optional[int]    =       f'''Expected boolean as use_pascal parameter, found {type(A_				)}'''
    raise ValueError(A_				)

  a					:      Tuple    =       input_str.split('_'				)

  a					:      Dict    =       0 if use_pascal else 1

  a					:      int    =       words[start_index:]

  a					:      int    =       [word[0].upper() + word[1:] for word in words_to_capitalize]

  a					:      List[str]    =       '' if use_pascal else words[0]

  return "".join([initial_word, *capitalized_words]				)


if __name__ == "__main__":
   from doctest import testmod

   testmod()




