


import math






def 					lowerCamelCase_   (	_a	):




		"""simple docstring"""






		return math.sqrt(_lowercase	) * math.sqrt(_lowercase	) == num






def 					lowerCamelCase_   (	_a	):




		"""simple docstring"""






		lowerCAmelCase__       :      int   					= 0
		lowerCAmelCase__       :      str   					= n
		while left <= right:
				lowerCAmelCase__       :      Optional[Any]   					= (left + right) // 2
				if mid**2 == n:
						return True
				elif mid**2 > n:
						lowerCAmelCase__       :      Optional[Any]   					= mid - 1
				else:
						lowerCAmelCase__       :      List[str]   					= mid + 1
		return False


if __name__ == "__main__":
		import doctest

		doctest.testmod()



from __future__ import annotations






def 					lowerCamelCase_   (	_a     ,       _a     ,       _a     ,       _a	):  # noqa: E741




		"""simple docstring"""






		while r - l > 1:
				lowerCAmelCase__       :      Any   					= (l + r) // 2
				if v[m] >= key:
						lowerCAmelCase__       :      int   					= m
				else:
						lowerCAmelCase__       :      Tuple   					= m  # noqa: E741
		return r






def 					lowerCamelCase_   (	_a	):




		"""simple docstring"""






		if len(_a	) == 0:
				return 0

		lowerCAmelCase__       :      Optional[int]   					= [0] * len(_a	)
		lowerCAmelCase__       :      List[Any]   					= 1

		lowerCAmelCase__       :      int   					= v[0]

		for i in range(1     ,       len(_a	)	):
				if v[i] < tail[0]:
						lowerCAmelCase__       :      str   					= v[i]
				elif v[i] > tail[length - 1]:
						lowerCAmelCase__       :      Any   					= v[i]
						length += 1
				else:
						lowerCAmelCase__       :      int   					= v[i]

		return length


if __name__ == "__main__":
		import doctest

		doctest.testmod()




