

'''simple docstring'''
import math







def  _A		(     snake_case		,							snake_case					)      ->     float:

   if initial_intensity < 0:
      raise ValueError("The value of intensity cannot be negative"					)
      # handling of negative values of initial intensity
   if angle < 0 or angle > 3_60:
      raise ValueError("In Malus Law, the angle is in the range 0-360 degrees"					)
      # handling of values out of allowed range
   return initial_intensity * (math.cos(math.radians(snake_case					)					) ** 2)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod(name='malus_law')









'''simple docstring'''
from timeit import timeit







def  _A		(     snake_case					)      ->     int:
   if number < 0:
      raise ValueError("the value of input must not be negative"					)
   _lowercase      :				Union[str, Any]      					=       0
   while number:
      number &= number - 1
      result += 1
   return result







def  _A		(     snake_case					)      ->     int:
   if number < 0:
      raise ValueError("the value of input must not be negative"					)
   _lowercase      :				int      					=       0
   while number:
      if number % 2 == 1:
         result += 1
      number >>= 1
   return result







def  _A		(     )      ->     None:

   def do_benchmark(snake_case					) -> None:
      _lowercase      :				Optional[int]      					=       "import __main__ as z"
      print(F'''Benchmark when {number = }:'''					)
      print(F'''{get_set_bits_count_using_modulo_operator(snake_case					) = }'''					)
      _lowercase      :				int      					=       timeit("z.get_set_bits_count_using_modulo_operator(25)"		,							setup=snake_case					)
      print(F'''timeit() runs in {timing} seconds'''					)
      print(F'''{get_set_bits_count_using_brian_kernighans_algorithm(snake_case					) = }'''					)
      _lowercase      :				Optional[int]      					=       timeit(
          "z.get_set_bits_count_using_brian_kernighans_algorithm(25)"		,							setup=snake_case		,							)
      print(F'''timeit() runs in {timing} seconds'''					)

   for number in (25, 37, 58, 0):
      do_benchmark(snake_case					)
      print()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod()
    benchmark()






