






'''simple docstring'''

def    lowercase__			(				__UpperCamelCase		,						__UpperCamelCase		,						__UpperCamelCase   )->			float:
      if principal <= 0:
            raise Exception("""Principal borrowed must be > 0"""   )
      if rate_per_annum < 0:
            raise Exception("""Rate of interest must be >= 0"""   )
      if years_to_repay <= 0 or not isinstance(__UpperCamelCase		,						__UpperCamelCase   ):
            raise Exception("""Years to repay must be an integer > 0"""   )

      # Yearly rate is divided by 12 to get monthly rate
      UpperCamelCase      = rate_per_annum / 12

      # Years to repay is multiplied by 12 to get number of payments as payment is monthly
      UpperCamelCase      = years_to_repay * 12

      return (
          principal
          * rate_per_month
          * (1 + rate_per_month) ** number_of_payments
          / ((1 + rate_per_month) ** number_of_payments - 1)
      )


if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest

     doctest.testmod()








'''simple docstring'''

from timeit import timeit







def    lowercase__			(				__UpperCamelCase   )->			int:
      if number < 0:
            raise ValueError("""the value of input must not be negative"""   )
      UpperCamelCase      = 0
      while number:
            number &= number - 1
            result += 1
      return result







def    lowercase__			(				__UpperCamelCase   )->			int:
      if number < 0:
            raise ValueError("""the value of input must not be negative"""   )
      UpperCamelCase      = 0
      while number:
            if number % 2 == 1:
                  result += 1
            number >>= 1
      return result







def    lowercase__			(				)->			None:

      def do_benchmark(__UpperCamelCase   ) -> None:
            UpperCamelCase      = """import __main__ as z"""
            print(F"Benchmark when {number = }:"   )
            print(F"{get_set_bits_count_using_modulo_operator(__UpperCamelCase   ) = }"   )
            UpperCamelCase      = timeit("""z.get_set_bits_count_using_modulo_operator(25)"""		,						setup=__UpperCamelCase   )
            print(F"timeit() runs in {timing} seconds"   )
            print(F"{get_set_bits_count_using_brian_kernighans_algorithm(__UpperCamelCase   ) = }"   )
            UpperCamelCase      = timeit(
                """z.get_set_bits_count_using_brian_kernighans_algorithm(25)"""		,						setup=__UpperCamelCase		,						)
            print(F"timeit() runs in {timing} seconds"   )

      for number in (25, 37, 58, 0):
            do_benchmark(__UpperCamelCase   )
            print()


if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest

     doctest.testmod()
     benchmark()
