In a specially designed sealed system, $\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][H_2PO_4]$ reacts with $\rm HSiCl_3$ for 6 days, yielding colorless needle-shaped compound $\mathbf{A}$ and releasing gas, with a total of three products (Reaction 1). Further analysis reveals that $\mathbf{A}$ is a $\rm 1: 1$ type salt with a molar mass of $\rm 542.3 ~g/mol$. The anion of $\mathbf{A}$ contains only three elements: $\rm P, Si, Cl$; atoms of the same element have the same chemical environment.

$\mathbf{A}$ is sensitive to water. $1\rm ~mol ~\mathbf{A}$ decomposes upon contact with water to produce $1\rm ~mol$ of a highly toxic gas (Reaction 2).

At $\rm 382~K$, $\mathbf{A}$ reacts fully with $\rm Ph(CH_2)_4Cl$ followed by water treatment, yielding a disubstituted phosphine (Reaction 3).

Which of the following statements is correct:
在一特制的密封体系中, $\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][H_2PO_4]$  与 $\rm HSiCl_3$ 反应 6 天, 可得到无色针状化合物 $\mathbf{A}$并放出气体, 产物共有三种 （反应1）。进一步分析表明, $\mathbf{A}$ 是一种 $\rm 1: 1$ 型盐, 其摩尔质量为 $\rm 542.3 ~g/mol$。在 $\mathbf{A}$ 的阴离子中仅含有 $\rm P,Si,Cl$ 三种元素; 同种原子具有相同的化学环境。

$\mathbf{A}$对水敏感，$1\rm ~mol ~\mathbf{A}$遇水分解生成$1\rm ~mol$剧毒气体（反应2）。

在$\rm 382~K$下$\mathbf{A}$与$\rm Ph(CH_2)_4Cl$充分反应后加水处理，得到二取代膦（反应3）。

下列说法正确的是：
All other options are incorrect
The anion of $\mathbf{A}$ contains a tetrahedral structure.
The chemical equation for reaction 1, balanced with the simplest coefficient ratio, has the sum of the product coefficients equal to the sum of the reactant coefficients.
The sum of the coefficients of the products, without $\rm Si$, in the balanced chemical equation for reaction 2, using the simplest integer ratio, is a composite number.
The disubstituted phosphine product of reaction 3 contains fewer than 40 atoms.
其他选项均不正确
$\mathbf{A}$的阴离子含有正四面体结构
反应1的化学方程式，以最简系数比配平后，产物的系数与反应物系数和相等。
反应2的化学方程式，以最简系数比配平后，不含$\rm Si$的产物的系数和为合数。
反应3的二取代膦产物含有小于40个原子
The cation of $\mathbf{A}$ is obviously $\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N]^+$; since it is a $\rm 1: 1$ type salt, the chemical formula of the anion can be set as $\rm P_xSi_yCl_z$.

<Checkpoint>[The cation of $\mathbf{A}$ is $\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N]^+$](1)</Checkpoint>

The relative molecular mass of the anion is $\rm 542.3-(14+(12\times4+9)\times4)=300.3$. Considering that the same atoms have the same chemical environment, z is likely to be an even number. First assume $x=y=1$, then $z=(300.3-31-28.1)/35.45=6.8$, which is not an integer.

Let $x=1, y=2$, $z=(300.3-31-28.1\times2)/35.45=6$, which is an integer. Observing the valence, $\rm Cl$ is obviously -1, at this time $\rm Si$ is +4, $\rm P$ is -3, which are all reasonable valences. Therefore, the anion of $\mathbf{A}$ is $\rm PSi_2Cl_6^-$, and the chemical formula is $\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6]$.

<Checkpoint>[Based on the molecular weight, the anion of $\mathbf{A}$ is deduced to be $\rm PSi_2Cl_6^-$](1)</Checkpoint>

<Checkpoint>[The chemical formula of $\mathbf{A}$ is $\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6]$](1)</Checkpoint>

The structure of $\rm PSi_2Cl_6^-$ is obviously that two $\rm SiCl_3$ units are bridged by a $\rm P$ atom, which is a connection of two distorted tetrahedra at a common point. There is no regular tetrahedron, so option B is incorrect.

<Checkpoint>[The structure of $\rm PSi_2Cl_6^-$ is that two $\rm SiCl_3$ units are bridged by a $\rm P$ atom, which is a connection of two distorted tetrahedra at a common point](1)</Checkpoint>

The reaction of $\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][H_2PO_4]$ with $\rm HSiCl_3$ is obviously the reduction of high-valent $\rm P$ by the $\rm Si-H$ bond, and the gas released should be hydrogen; since it is mentioned later that $\mathbf{A}$ is unstable to water, this reaction must not produce water; therefore, only $\rm (SiCl_3)_2O$ can be produced. The balanced reaction equation is:

<Checkpoint>[Reaction 1 is the reduction of high-valent $\rm P$ by the $\rm Si-H$ bond, releasing hydrogen](1)</Checkpoint>

<Checkpoint>[Reaction 1 must not produce water; $\rm (SiCl_3)_2O$ is produced](1)</Checkpoint>

$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][H_2PO_4] + 10HSiCl_3 = [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6] + 4(SiCl_3)_2O + 6H_2$

<Checkpoint>[$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][H_2PO_4] + 10HSiCl_3 = [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6] + 4(SiCl_3)_2O + 6H_2$](1)</Checkpoint>

The sum of the coefficients of the reactants and the sum of the coefficients of the products are both 11, so option C is correct.

The reaction of $\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6]$ with water is similar to a hydrolysis reaction, which is not a redox reaction, so the highly toxic gas produced should be $\rm PH_3$. $\rm Si(IV)$ should be converted into silicic acid, and $\rm Cl$ is converted into $\rm HCl$. Thus, balance the equation for reaction 2:

<Checkpoint>[The highly toxic gas is $\rm PH_3$](1)</Checkpoint>

$\rm [[(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6] + 6H_2O = [(n-C_4H_9)_4N]Cl + PH_3 + 2H_2SiO_3 + 5HCl$

<Checkpoint>[$\rm [[(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6] + 6H_2O = [(n-C_4H_9)_4N]Cl + PH_3 + 2H_2SiO_3 + 5HCl$](1)</Checkpoint>

The sum of the coefficients of the products without $\rm Si$ is 7, which is a prime number, so option D is incorrect.

<Checkpoint>[The sum of the coefficients of the products without $\rm Si$ in reaction 2 is 7](1)</Checkpoint>

The reaction of $\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6]$ with $\rm Ph(CH_2)_4Cl$ can be regarded as the nucleophilic attack of the lone pair electrons of $\rm P$ on the haloalkane, so the chemical formula of the obtained disubstituted phosphine should be $\rm [Ph(CH_2)_4]_2PH$, which contains 48 atoms, so option E is incorrect.

<Checkpoint>[The chemical formula of the disubstituted phosphine is $\rm [Ph(CH_2)_4]_2PH$](1)</Checkpoint>
$\mathbf{A}$的阳离子很明显为$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N]^+$；由于为$\rm 1: 1$ 型盐，阴离子的化学式可设为$\rm P_xSi_yCl_z$。

<Checkpoint>[$\mathbf{A}$的阳离子为$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N]^+$](1)</Checkpoint>

阴离子的相对分子质量为$\rm 542.3-(14+(12\times4+9)\times4)=300.3$。考虑同种原子具有相同的化学环境，z很可能为偶数。先假设$x=y=1$，此时$z=(300.3-31-28.1)/35.45=6.8$，不为整数。

设$x=1, y=2$，$z=(300.3-31-28.1\times2)/35.45=6$，为整数。观察化合价，$\rm Cl$很明显为-1，此时$\rm Si$为+4，$\rm P$为-3，均为合理化合价。因此$\mathbf{A}$的阴离子为$\rm PSi_2Cl_6^-$，化学式为$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6]$。

<Checkpoint>[根据分子量推算$\mathbf{A}$的阴离子为$\rm PSi_2Cl_6^-$](1)</Checkpoint>

<Checkpoint>[$\mathbf{A}$化学式为$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6]$](1)</Checkpoint>

$\rm PSi_2Cl_6^-$的结构很明显为两个$\rm SiCl_3$单元通过$\rm P$原子桥连，为两个畸变四面体共点连接，不存在正四面体，选项B错误。

<Checkpoint>[$\rm PSi_2Cl_6^-$的结构为两个$\rm SiCl_3$单元通过$\rm P$原子桥连，为两个畸变四面体共点连接](1)</Checkpoint>

$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][H_2PO_4]$与$\rm HSiCl_3$的反应很明显为$\rm Si-H$键对高价$\rm P$进行还原，放出的气体应当为氢气；由于后面提到$\mathbf{A}$对水不稳定，因此该反应一定不生成水；从而只能生成$\rm (SiCl_3)_2O$。反应方程式配平为：

<Checkpoint>[反应1为$\rm Si-H$键对高价$\rm P$进行还原，放出氢气](1)</Checkpoint>

<Checkpoint>[反应1一定不生成水；生成$\rm (SiCl_3)_2O$](1)</Checkpoint>

$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][H_2PO_4] + 10HSiCl_3 = [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6] + 4(SiCl_3)_2O + 6H_2$

<Checkpoint>[$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][H_2PO_4] + 10HSiCl_3 = [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6] + 4(SiCl_3)_2O + 6H_2$](1)</Checkpoint>

反应物系数和与产物系数和均为11，选项C正确。

$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6]$与水反应，类似于水解反应，非氧化还原，从而生成的剧毒气体应当为$\rm PH_3$。$\rm Si(IV)$应当转化为硅酸，$\rm Cl$转化为$\rm HCl$。从而配平反应2的方程式：

<Checkpoint>[剧毒气体为$\rm PH_3$](1)</Checkpoint>

$\rm [[(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6] + 6H_2O = [(n-C_4H_9)_4N]Cl + PH_3 + 2H_2SiO_3 + 5HCl$

<Checkpoint>[$\rm [[(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6] + 6H_2O = [(n-C_4H_9)_4N]Cl + PH_3 + 2H_2SiO_3 + 5HCl$](1)</Checkpoint>

不含$\rm Si$产物系数和为7，为质数，选项D错误。

<Checkpoint>[反应2不含$\rm Si$产物系数和为7](1)</Checkpoint>

$\rm [(n-C_4H_9)_4N][PSi_2Cl_6]$与$\rm Ph(CH_2)_4Cl$反应，可视为$\rm P$利用孤对电子亲核进攻卤代烃，因此得到的二取代膦化学式应当为$\rm [Ph(CH_2)_4]_2PH$，含有48个原子，选项E错误。

<Checkpoint>[二取代膦化学式为$\rm [Ph(CH_2)_4]_2PH$](1)</Checkpoint>